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feat(ai-computer-use, ai-computer-playwright, ai-computer-sandbox, ai-computer-local): computer use on OpenAI and Anthropic, with Playwright, sandbox, and local drivers - #1837
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computerUseTool() went out without its anthropic-beta header, so Anthropic rejected the request. Add computer-use-2025-01-24 for computer_20250124 and computer-use-2024-10-22 for computer_20241022.
A computer_call from the model is now a tool call to computer_use_preview, with the action and the pending safety checks as its input. The tool result goes back as computer_call_output, with the first image of the result as the screenshot. When the call does not fail, the output acknowledges the safety checks of the call.
computerUseTool({ type: 'computer' }) sends the computer tool of the
newer OpenAI models. Its tool name is computer. A computer_call is a
call to the computer tool of the request, with the batched actions and
the pending safety checks as input, and the replay sends the actions
back as they came. The computer_use_preview tool works as before.
Upgrade @anthropic-ai/sdk to 0.135.0. Add computer_20251124 with its computer-use-2025-11-24 beta, and computer_toolset_20260801 for the Claude 5.5 models. A toolset call runs as one computer call with the action in input.action, and goes back to Claude in the form that it sent. Each model now takes only the computer use versions that it supports.
Also add the changeset and format the changed files.
OpenAI's computer use guide sends each screenshot with detail: 'original', so the model sees the screen at full size. The SDK type has no detail field yet, so the adapter adds it to its own screenshot type.
…les beta header The SDK install moved the @google/genai of ai-vertex to a copy with zod 4.6.5, so its test mock missed the copy that ai-gemini loads. SDK 0.135.0 sends the files-api beta header once, where 0.97.1 sent it twice.
The result of a shell, local_shell, or apply_patch call no longer goes through the screenshot read. A file from another provider in such a result threw there, but the result never sends an image.
…r-tool # Conflicts: # packages/openai-base/src/adapters/responses-user-tools.ts # packages/openai-base/tests/computer-use-loop.test.ts
aimock cannot send a computer_call, so the route answers with a custom fetch. The spec checks the tool input, and that the next request sends the computer_call and its computer_call_output with the screenshot and the acknowledged safety check.
… the wire The route takes ?tool=computer for the computer tool of gpt-6.1-sol. The spec checks the batched actions, the computer tool entry, and detail: 'original' on each screenshot.
createComputerUse({ driver }) returns a tool, a middleware, and a
safety-check interrupt for chat(). The same code runs on OpenAI and on
Anthropic. Each adapter swaps the generic tool for its native computer
tool and picks the newest version the model supports.
- @tanstack/ai-computer-use: the tool, the action mapping, the key
names, the safety-check interrupt, and the failed-turn rule.
- @tanstack/ai-computer-playwright: a driver for a Playwright page.
- @tanstack/ai-computer-e2b: a driver for an E2B Desktop sandbox.
- @tanstack/ai: the shared tool metadata in adapter-internals.
- ai-anthropic and openai-base: resolve the generic tool per model.
- ai-openai, ai-anthropic, model-sync: the new 'computer' tool kind.
- Docs: a new Computer Use section.
🦋 Changeset detectedLatest commit: 231603c The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump. This PR includes changesets to release 56 packages
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| Check name | Status | Explanation | Resolution |
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Docstring coverage is 49.66% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 145 functions across 61 files. (1 skipped… | Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold. |
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Check name Status Explanation Linked Issues check Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request. Out of Scope Changes check Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request. Title check The title clearly identifies the main computer-use feature, supported providers, and driver packages. It is longer than ideal but remains specific and relevant. Description check The pull request description follows the required template. It explains the changes, documents testing and risks, includes the checklist and release impact, and provides changeset and documentation de… Full details: Description check
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The pull request description follows the required template. It explains the changes, documents testing and risks, includes the checklist and release impact, and provides changeset and documentation details. The test checklist item remains unchecked because
pnpm test:prand the full E2E suite were left to CI, but the description clearly states this limitation and lists completed validation.
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Full details: Docstring Coverage
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Docstring coverage is 49.66% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 145 functions across 61 files. (1 skipped: 1 unsupported.)
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Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.
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🔇 Additional comments: 31
.changeset/ai-computer-use.md: 1
11-40: LGTM!docs/adapters/anthropic.md: 1
621-687: LGTM!docs/adapters/openai.md: 1
995-1038: LGTM!docs/api/ai.md: 1
667-667: LGTM!Also applies to: 678-679
docs/computer-use/computer-use.md: 1
5-234: LGTM!docs/computer-use/custom-driver.md: 1
5-177: LGTM!docs/computer-use/safety-checks.md: 1
32-69: LGTM!docs/tools/provider-tools.md: 1
95-115: LGTM!packages/ai-computer-e2b/README.md: 1
25-79: LGTM!packages/ai-computer-e2b/package.json: 1
48-48: LGTM!packages/ai-computer-e2b/src/driver.ts: 1
1-6: LGTM!Also applies to: 158-238
packages/ai-computer-e2b/src/index.ts: 1
3-5: LGTM!packages/ai-computer-e2b/tests/driver.test.ts: 1
1-248: LGTM!packages/ai-computer-e2b/tests/types.test.ts: 1
3-25: LGTM!packages/ai-computer-playwright/README.md: 1
25-77: LGTM!packages/ai-computer-playwright/package.json: 1
48-54: LGTM!packages/ai-computer-playwright/src/driver.ts: 1
1-196: LGTM!packages/ai-computer-playwright/src/index.ts: 1
1-6: LGTM!packages/ai-computer-playwright/tests/driver.test.ts: 1
1-306: LGTM!packages/ai-computer-playwright/tests/types.test.ts: 1
2-25: LGTM!packages/ai-computer-use/README.md: 1
25-100: LGTM!packages/ai-computer-use/src/create-computer-use.ts: 1
1-14: LGTM!Also applies to: 18-109, 135-233, 277-406
packages/ai-computer-use/src/index.ts: 1
4-9: LGTM!packages/ai-computer-use/src/types.ts: 1
4-89: LGTM!packages/ai-computer-use/tests/create-computer-use.test.ts: 1
11-865: LGTM!packages/ai/src/activities/chat/index.ts: 1
2636-2636: LGTM!Also applies to: 2871-2871, 3963-3963
packages/ai/src/activities/chat/tools/tool-calls.ts: 1
984-985: LGTM!Also applies to: 1003-1003, 1298-1298, 1362-1362
packages/ai/src/types.ts: 1
876-881: LGTM!packages/ai/tests/tool-calls-context.test.ts: 1
3-137: LGTM!testing/e2e/tests/computer-use.spec.ts: 1
11-613: LGTM!packages/ai-computer-use/src/create-computer-use.ts-235-236: 1
235-236: 🎯 Functional Correctness | 🟡 Minor | ⚡ Quick win
⚠️ Unverified finding
Verification ran but could not confirm this finding. It is shown for review, not as a verified issue.Serialize actions across threads when the app passes one shared driver.
The old code had one queue for every call. The new code gives each
threadIdits own queue. A factory gives each thread its own machine, so separate queues are correct there. A plainComputerDriveris different.machineOfreturns the samedriverfor every thread, butrunInThreadserializes calls only within one thread.Here is a realistic trigger. The app passes
createPlaywrightComputerDriver({ page }), and two requests with differentthreadIdvalues overlap. The actions and screenshots of thread A and thread B then interleave on one page. The sequence click A, click B, screenshot A sends thread A a screenshot that shows the action of thread B. A drag (mouseDown→move→mouseUp) can also be split by a click from the other thread.The docs say a shared driver "serves one conversation at a time". The previous implementation enforced that ordering. This change removes the guarantee without warning.
Add one shared queue for the machine when
driveris not a factory. Chain each thread's work on that queue too, so per-thread failed-turn and approval state stay separate while machine access stays serialized.🔒️ Proposed fix
+ // A driver that the app passes in is one machine. Every thread uses it, + // so its actions must run one at a time across threads too. + let sharedMachineQueue: Promise<unknown> = Promise.resolve() + function runInThread<T>( threadId: string | undefined, work: (thread: ThreadState) => Promise<T>, ) { const thread = threadOf(threadId ?? SHARED_THREAD) clearTimeout(thread.timer) thread.pending += 1 - const run = thread.queue.then(async () => { + const guarded = async () => { if (thread.turnFailed) { throw new Error( 'Not executed: an earlier computer action in this turn failed.', ) } try { return await work(thread) } catch (error) { thread.turnFailed = true throw error } - }) + } + const run = thread.queue.then(() => { + if ('create' in driver) return guarded() + const shared = sharedMachineQueue.then(guarded) + sharedMachineQueue = shared.catch(() => undefined) + return shared + })Also applies to: 248-275
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.changeset/ai-computer-use.mddocs/adapters/anthropic.mddocs/adapters/openai.mddocs/api/ai.mddocs/computer-use/computer-use.mddocs/computer-use/custom-driver.mddocs/computer-use/drivers.mddocs/computer-use/safety-checks.mddocs/config.jsondocs/tools/provider-tools.mdpackages/ai-computer-e2b/README.mdpackages/ai-computer-e2b/package.jsonpackages/ai-computer-e2b/src/driver.tspackages/ai-computer-e2b/src/index.tspackages/ai-computer-e2b/tests/driver.test.tspackages/ai-computer-e2b/tests/types.test.tspackages/ai-computer-playwright/README.mdpackages/ai-computer-playwright/package.jsonpackages/ai-computer-playwright/src/driver.tspackages/ai-computer-playwright/src/index.tspackages/ai-computer-playwright/tests/driver.test.tspackages/ai-computer-playwright/tests/types.test.tspackages/ai-computer-use/README.mdpackages/ai-computer-use/src/actions.tspackages/ai-computer-use/src/create-computer-use.tspackages/ai-computer-use/src/index.tspackages/ai-computer-use/src/types.tspackages/ai-computer-use/tests/create-computer-use.test.tspackages/ai/src/activities/chat/index.tspackages/ai/src/activities/chat/tools/tool-calls.tspackages/ai/src/types.tspackages/ai/tests/tool-calls-context.test.tstesting/e2e/tests/computer-use.spec.ts
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Add @tanstack/ai-computer-local with localComputer(). The model controls the mouse, keyboard, and main screen of the machine that runs chat(), on Windows, macOS, and Linux, through @jitsi/robotjs. Screenshots scale down to the display (1280 x 800 at most by default), and clicks scale back up to the screen. The PNG encoder uses node:zlib.
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Review comments at @packages/ai-computer-local/src/driver.ts:
- Around line 170-175: Update zoom to clamp the scaled region before calling
robot.screen.capture: compute the scaled end coordinates from region.x +
region.width and region.y + region.height, constrain both corners to the display
bounds, and ensure captured width and height are at least one pixel. Preserve
the existing toPng conversion.
- Around line 149-162: Update localComputer.press so successfully pressed keys
are always released when a later key-down operation throws: track each key only
after its keyToggle down call succeeds, and move the reverse-order release loop
into a finally block. Preserve the existing key ordering and avoid releasing
keys whose key-down failed.
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.changeset/ai-computer-use.mddocs/computer-use/computer-use.mddocs/computer-use/drivers.mdpackages/ai-computer-local/README.mdpackages/ai-computer-local/package.jsonpackages/ai-computer-local/src/driver.tspackages/ai-computer-local/src/index.tspackages/ai-computer-local/src/png.tspackages/ai-computer-local/tests/driver.test.tspackages/ai-computer-local/tests/types.test.tspackages/ai-computer-local/tsconfig.jsonpackages/ai-computer-local/vite.config.tspnpm-workspace.yamltesting/e2e/package.jsontesting/e2e/tests/computer-use.spec.ts
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… Buffer A small Buffer lives in the shared Node pool, so its ArrayBuffer holds other data too. Buffer.slice() returns a view, so imageResult encoded the whole pool. Copy the bytes into a new Uint8Array before the base64. The localComputer E2E test caught it with a small PNG.
… computer from o3-mini - localComputer().press releases the keys that went down when a later key is not valid. Before, Control stayed down on the host. - localComputer().zoom keeps the region on the screen. robotjs does not check the region, and a region off the screen can crash Node. - o3-mini has no image input, so it no longer accepts the computer tool. It cannot read the screenshots.
…failed computer call A failed computer call has no image in its result. Before, the adapter sent a computer_call_output with no image, and the failure reason did not reach the model. - The failed call sends the newest screenshot of the conversation. - The failure reasons go in one user message after the call outputs, because a computer call output has no text.
… release keys on failure - A driver that the app passes in is one machine. Its actions now run one at a time across all threads, so two threads cannot mix clicks on one page. - Release only the modifier keys that went down, keep releasing after one keyUp fails, and release the drag button when a move fails. - Reject a key repeat outside 1 to 100 and a hold or wait over 300 seconds, the limits in the Anthropic computer tool docs. - openai-base: keep safety checks that do not parse, so the computer tool refuses the action instead of running it with no approval. - E2B: round coordinates to the nearest pixel. E2B and Playwright: log a failed cleanup and keep the setup error. Log a failed idle close. - Docs: screenshots after batches, zoom and cursor_position, and the computer versions that turn them on.
The model opens tanstack.com in Chromium and finds the computer use docs. Each screenshot shows in the chat, and OpenAI safety checks show an approval card.
…any sandbox
@e2b/desktop runs xdotool and scrot over commands.run. The same commands
work through the @tanstack/ai-sandbox process contract, so one driver now
covers E2B, Daytona, Docker, and the other providers.
- sandboxComputer({ provider }) creates one sandbox per thread
- createSandboxComputerDriver({ sandbox }) drives a sandbox you own
- starts Xvfb (and xfce when present) when no display runs
- one shell command per action, screenshot as base64 over stdout
- testing/computer-sandbox-smoke runs a live check per provider
tombeckenham
changed the title
…moke test - the screenshot command used `status=$?`. zsh, the Daytona shell, makes `status` read-only, so every screenshot failed there. Use `code`. - drop `mousemove --sync`. It waits for a move event, so a move to the current mouse position blocked for seconds. - ai-sandbox-daytona: a spawned process that no one waits on no longer crashes Node when its status poll fails after destroy(). - the smoke script runs on Node 24 type stripping, not tsx, and imports only the chosen provider.
…ot is missing Amazon Linux (the Vercel Sandbox image) has no scrot package, but it has ImageMagick. The driver now picks `import -window root` when scrot is missing. Those screenshots do not show the mouse pointer. The smoke script installs the desktop tools with apt-get, dnf (building xdotool from source), or apk, and opens xfce4-terminal when there is no xterm. Docker, Daytona, E2B, Vercel, and Blaxel all pass.
…lockfile The regenerated lockfile moved @modelcontextprotocol/server and the genai of ai-vertex to zod 4.6.5. That broke ai-mcp:test:types and ai-vertex:test:lib in CI. Regenerate from main's lockfile so only the new packages are added.
Before, the adapter sent an empty computer_screenshot, which hid a broken driver or a custom execute that returned no image.
ai-core routes computer use to @tanstack/ai-computer-use, with the three drivers, a sandbox example, and the rules: no hand-written action loop, a stable threadId, the Responses API on OpenAI, and localComputer only on request. ai-sandbox points its providers at sandboxComputer().
kiira failed on the undeclared messages and threadId. The snippet now reads them from the request with chatParamsFromRequest.
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Thanks Alem, great work. Checked the core design and both adapters, fixed the lockfile drift and the empty-screenshot fallback, updated the agent skills, and ran it live: GPT-6.1 and Claude Opus 5.5 on an E2B desktop (with a forced failed action), plus the sandbox driver on Docker, E2B, Daytona, Blaxel, Vercel, and boxd.
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The model can now use a browser, a Linux desktop, or the computer that runs your server, with one
createComputerUse(). The same code runs on OpenAI and on Anthropic. With Playwright and a sandbox, eachthreadIdgets its own machine: its own browser page or Linux desktop sandbox, its own action queue, and its own approvals. A new example app,examples/react/computer-use, opens tanstack.com and finds the computer use docs from screenshots. This PR replaces #1831, #1832, #1833, and #1834. It contains their commits, so the native computer tools and their loop fixes ship here too.🎯 Changes
@tanstack/ai-computer-use(new):createComputerUse({ driver, screenshotDelay, idleTimeout })returns{ tools, middleware, interrupt, close }.zoomreturns a region image, andcursor_positionreturns text.repeatmust be 1 to 100, and ahold_keyorwaitmust be 300 seconds or less. These are the limits in the Anthropic docs.computerSafetyCheckinterrupt. The call runs only after a person approves it.navigate({ url })is a function tool for drivers that can go to a URL. It accepts onlyhttp:andhttps:URLs.idleTimeoutcloses the machine of a thread after 10 minutes with no action.falseturns it off.close(threadId)closes one thread.close()closes all of them.@tanstack/ai-computer-playwright:playwrightComputer()launches Chromium once and opens one browser context for each thread.createPlaywrightComputerDriver({ page })drives one page that you give it.playwright-coreis an optional peer.@tanstack/ai-computer-sandbox:sandboxComputer({ provider })creates one Linux desktop sandbox for each thread from any@tanstack/ai-sandboxprovider (E2B, Daytona, Docker, and the others).createSandboxComputerDriver({ sandbox })drives one sandbox that you give it. It sendsxdotoolandscrotcommands throughsandbox.process, and startsXvfbwhen no display runs. It replaces@tanstack/ai-computer-e2b, so there is no dependency on@e2b/desktop.@tanstack/ai-computer-local:localComputer()lets the model use the real mouse, keyboard, and main screen of the machine that runschat(), on Windows, macOS, and Linux. Screenshots scale down to fit in 1280 x 800, and clicks scale back up.@jitsi/robotjsis a peer.ToolExecutionContext.threadIdis new in@tanstack/ai, andchat()sets it.ai-anthropicandopenai-baseswap the generic tool for their native computer tool, and pick the newest version that the model supports.chat().o3-minihas no image input, so it does not accept the computer tool.computer_call_outputhas no text.computerUseToolsections of the OpenAI and Anthropic pages now start withcreateComputerUse.ai-coreroutes computer use to@tanstack/ai-computer-use, with the three drivers, a sandbox example, and the rules (a stablethreadId, the Responses API on OpenAI,localComputer()only on request).ai-sandboxpoints its providers atsandboxComputer().examples/react/computer-useis a Start app with OpenAI and a visible Chromium window. The chat shows each screenshot and an approval card for safety checks.docs/tutorials/computer-use.mdbuilds the same app step by step. Overview, Quick Start, and the Computer Use guide link to it.openai-basenow fails the run with an error. Before, it sent an emptycomputer_screenshot, which hid a broken driver.openai-basekeeps them on the tool input, so the computer tool refuses the action. Before, they became an empty list, and the action ran with no approval.✅ Checklist
pnpm run test:pr, or these tests do not apply to this pull request.docs/for this change, or this change is not user-facing.pnpm changeset), or this PR does not change a published package.🚀 Release Impact
Testing
Commands run (all pass):
--maxWorkers=2:ai-computer-local(26 tests), and the 14openai-basetest files that use the Responses adapter (218 tests).2b6923f78:ai-computer-use(120 tests).e314c0d81:packages/ai(138 files and 2,378 tests, in batches of 12 files),ai-computer-playwright(25),ai-computer-e2b(28), andai-vertex(12). The later pushes do not change these packages.test:typesandtest:oxlintonai,ai-computer-use,ai-computer-playwright,ai-computer-e2b,ai-computer-local,ai-openai, andopenai-base. Alsotest:typesonai-mcp.pnpm test:knip,pnpm test:docs,pnpm test:sherif,pnpm install --frozen-lockfile, andoxfmton the changed files. sherif shows one old warning:examples/reacthas nopackage.json.test:build(publint) on the 4 new packages.kiira checkon the changed docs pages.testing/e2ehas no errors in the computer-use spec.Sandbox driver (
d3249e4bfand later):ai-computer-sandboxunit tests (26),tsc, andoxlintpass.ai-sandbox-daytonaunit tests (68) pass, and the new spawn test fails without the fix.kiira checkondocs/computer-use/drivers.md(6 snippets) andpnpm test:docspass.Live runs with
testing/computer-sandbox-smoke(start the desktop, screenshot, click, type, Enter, scroll, cursor position). Each final screenshot shows a terminal withecho hello from tanstackand its output:testing/computer-sandbox-smoke/Dockerfiledesktoptemplate--install(apt-get)--install(apk)--install(dnf, buildsxdotool)--install(apt-get)The live runs found three bugs, all fixed here:
statusis read-only, so the screenshot command failed.xdotool mousemove --syncwaits for a move event, so a move to the current position blocked for about 17 s.spawn()ofai-sandbox-daytonacrashed Node with an unhandled rejection afterdestroy()when no one waited on the process.Live model runs (2026-10-21, E2B
desktoptemplate,createSandboxComputerDriver): the task was "open a terminal and runecho <provider>-ok > /tmp/proof.txt". The first mouse or keyboard action was forced to throw. After each run,cat /tmp/proof.txtin the sandbox read the right text.gpt-6.1-solcomputer(batchedactions)computer_call_outputand the user message with the reason. The model retried the click.claude-opus-5-5computer_toolset_20260801Commits
8763d90d4andbca32339a:nx run computer-use:buildandtscin the example pass, andpnpm test:docspasses. I did not run the unit tests for the fixes in8763d90d4. They have new unit tests, and CI runs them. I did not run the example against the OpenAI API.Commits
c1455b945and712e33f98: the lockfile came from main again, so@modelcontextprotocol/serverand the genai ofai-vertexstay on zod 4.3.6.ai-mcp:test:typesandai-vertex:test:libfailed in CI before, and pass now.pnpm install --frozen-lockfilepasses, and a plainpnpm installdoes not change the lockfile. Theopenai-basetests (test:lib,test:types,test:oxlint) pass, with a new test for a result with no image.Left to CI:
pnpm test:pr, coverage, and the E2E suite. I did not run the E2E spec locally. On16ff74f81, the newlocalComputerE2E test caught a bug: for a small NodeBuffer, the screenshot base64 held other bytes from the Node pool.2b6923f78fixes it, and a unit test now covers it. The fixes from the CodeRabbit review each have a test that fails on the old code.Manual test:
pnpm --filter @tanstack/ai-e2e test:e2e -- --grep "computer use with".computertool and the Anthropic computer toolset click a button and type in an input on a real page.playwrightComputer(), the model callsnavigate, then clicks. Two thread ids get two pages, andclose('a')closes only page A.localComputer()on a fake 2560 x 1600 screen. A click at (640, 400) lands at (1280, 800), and the screenshot that goes back to the model is 1280 x 800.pnpm --filter @tanstack/ai-computer-sandbox-smoke build:image, thenpnpm --filter @tanstack/ai-computer-sandbox-smoke smoke docker. The screenshots intesting/computer-sandbox-smoke/out/show xterm withecho hello from tanstack. Other providers: see the README in that folder.OPENAI_API_KEYinexamples/react/computer-use/.env.local. Runpnpm --filter computer-use exec playwright-core install chromium, thenpnpm --filter computer-use dev. Open http://localhost:3100 and click Send. Chromium opens tanstack.com, and the screenshots show in the chat.How this PR makes testing easy:
testing/e2e/tests/computer-use.spec.tsrunschat()with a mockfetch, for both providers. The Playwright tests use a real page. The local test uses a fake robot, because CI has no desktop. Unit tests cover these parts:The drivers have tests against fake page, browser, desktop, and robot objects. They also have type tests against the real
Page,Browser, and@jitsi/robotjsmodule. The sandbox driver uses theSandboxHandletype of@tanstack/ai-sandboxdirectly.Risk / rollback
ToolExecutionContext.threadIdis a new optional field, so code that builds a context still compiles.threadId, every request gets a new machine.idleTimeout, the action runs on a new machine.ai-sandbox-daytona: one line marks thespawn()status poll as handled.wait()still rejects with the same error.@jitsi/robotjsadds only itself andnode-addon-api. Its install script is off inpnpm-workspace.yaml, because the npm package ships prebuilt binaries.Public API change
Before: the app runs every action by hand, and the code works for one provider only.
After: one setup for both providers. Pick the machine with the driver.
Summary by CodeRabbit