Add Clang 22 CI build

[offa]

Update Catch to 3.14.0 with Clang 22 support.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 34.36%. Comparing base (fb67abe) to head (834d789).
⚠️ Report is 14 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master     #226      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   33.99%   34.36%   +0.36%     
==========================================
  Files          52       50       -2     
  Lines        2271     2267       -4     
  Branches      336      340       +4     
==========================================
+ Hits          772      779       +7     
+ Misses       1419     1408      -11     
  Partials       80       80              

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