Require explicit fee=no for --free

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -4,6 +4,16 @@ All notable changes to this project are documented here. The format is based on
 [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.1.0/), and this project aims
 to follow [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
 
+## [Unreleased]
+
+### Fixed
+
+- `--free` now returns only chargers with `fee=no`. Unknown fee (absent OSM
+  tag) used to pass the filter alongside true free stations, so most `--free`
+  hits near Bolzano were chargers that might bill. Refs #6.
+- `--public` now requires an explicit `public` / `yes` / `permissive` access
+  tag; a missing access tag no longer counts as public.
+
 ## [1.1.0] - 2026-08-02
 
 Correctness release: closes gaps between what `pitstop` claimed and what it

src/pitstop/chargers.py

@@ -220,9 +220,11 @@ def find_chargers(
             continue
         if min_power_kw > 0 and (st.max_power_kw is None or st.max_power_kw < min_power_kw):
             continue
-        if free_only and st.fee is True:
+        # Unknown fee/access must not pass affirmative filters: --free means
+        # fee=no, not "fee is not yes"; --public means an explicit public tag.
+        if free_only and st.fee is not False:
             continue
-        if public_only and st.access and st.access.lower() not in ("public", "yes", "permissive"):
+        if public_only and st.access.lower() not in ("public", "yes", "permissive"):
             continue
         st.distance_km = round(haversine_km(near[0], near[1], st.lat, st.lon), 2)
         st.tariff_info_url = cpo_tariffs.lookup(st.operator)

src/pitstop/cli.py

@@ -105,8 +105,10 @@ def _build_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
     chargers.add_argument("--fast", action="store_true", help="shortcut for --min-power 50")
     chargers.add_argument("--ultra-fast", dest="ultra_fast", action="store_true",
                           help="shortcut for --min-power 150")
-    chargers.add_argument("--free", action="store_true", help="only chargers explicitly free (fee=no)")
-    chargers.add_argument("--public", action="store_true", help="only public access")
+    chargers.add_argument("--free", action="store_true",
+                          help="only chargers explicitly free (fee=no); unknown fee is excluded")
+    chargers.add_argument("--public", action="store_true",
+                          help="only chargers with explicit public/yes/permissive access; unknown access is excluded")
     chargers.add_argument("--limit", type=int, default=20, help="max stations; 0 = no limit")
     chargers.add_argument("--json", dest="as_json", action="store_true")
     chargers.add_argument("--geojson", dest="as_geojson", action="store_true", help="emit GeoJSON FeatureCollection")

tests/test_chargers.py

@@ -134,6 +134,39 @@ def test_find_chargers_filters_operator(monkeypatch):
     assert [s.osm_id for s in only] == [20]
 
 
+def test_find_chargers_free_only_requires_fee_no(monkeypatch):
+    """--free means fee=no; unknown (absent tag) and fee=yes must not pass."""
+    elements = [
+        _node(40, 46.50, 11.35, {"amenity": "charging_station", "fee": "no",
+                                 "socket:type2": "1"}),
+        _node(41, 46.50, 11.35, {"amenity": "charging_station", "fee": "yes",
+                                 "socket:type2": "1"}),
+        _node(42, 46.50, 11.35, {"amenity": "charging_station",
+                                 "socket:type2": "1"}),  # fee absent -> None
+    ]
+    monkeypatch.setattr(chargers.overpass, "fetch_elements", lambda *a, **k: (elements, None))
+    only, error = chargers.find_chargers(near=(46.50, 11.35), radius_km=5, free_only=True)
+    assert error is None
+    assert [s.osm_id for s in only] == [40]
+    assert only[0].fee is False
+
+
+def test_find_chargers_public_only_requires_explicit_public(monkeypatch):
+    """--public must not treat a missing access tag as public."""
+    elements = [
+        _node(50, 46.50, 11.35, {"amenity": "charging_station", "access": "public",
+                                 "socket:type2": "1"}),
+        _node(51, 46.50, 11.35, {"amenity": "charging_station", "access": "private",
+                                 "socket:type2": "1"}),
+        _node(52, 46.50, 11.35, {"amenity": "charging_station",
+                                 "socket:type2": "1"}),  # access absent
+    ]
+    monkeypatch.setattr(chargers.overpass, "fetch_elements", lambda *a, **k: (elements, None))
+    only, error = chargers.find_chargers(near=(46.50, 11.35), radius_km=5, public_only=True)
+    assert error is None
+    assert [s.osm_id for s in only] == [50]
+
+
 # ---- v0.9.0 additions: error envelope, GeoJSON, MCP bilingual normalize ----