🔌 ESP32 + PZEM-016 Energy Meter Reader

This project reads electrical parameters (voltage, current, power, energy, frequency, power factor) from the PZEM-016 Modbus energy meter using an ESP32 over RS-485.

📟 Hardware Used

• ESP32 Development Board
• PZEM-016 Energy Meter
• RS-485 to TTL converter (e.g., MAX485)
• Jumper wires
• Power supply for the ESP32 and PZEM

🔗 Wiring

ESP32 Pin	MAX485 Pin	Description
GPIO 16	RO	UART RX (Receive)
GPIO 17	DI	UART TX (Transmit)
GPIO 4	DE & RE	Data Direction Control (HIGH = TX, LOW = RX)
GND	GND	Common Ground
3.3V/5V	VCC	Power (as per module rating)

PZEM-016 is connected to the RS-485 A/B terminals of the MAX485 module.

⚙️ Features

• Sends Modbus RTU query 0x01 0x04 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x0A 0x70 0x0D to the meter.
• Receives and decodes 25-byte Modbus response.
• Parses and displays:
  • Voltage (V)
  • Current (A)
  • Active Power (W)
  • Energy (Wh)
  • Frequency (Hz)
  • Power Factor

🛠️ How It Works

• The ESP32 sends the query every 5 seconds via UART2.
• The MAX485 handles the RS-485 communication protocol.
• The DE/RE pin toggles transmit/receive mode.
• The incoming Modbus response is parsed and displayed over the serial monitor.

🚀 Getting Started

1. Connect the hardware as per wiring table.
2. Upload the main.ino sketch using Arduino IDE or PlatformIO.
3. Open the Serial Monitor at 115200 baud.
4. Readings will appear every 5 seconds.

📝 Notes

• Default Modbus address is 0x01.
• Communication baud rate is 9600.
• PZEM-016 requires external AC input to function.
• Be sure DE and RE pins are controlled together.

📄 License

This project is open-source under the MIT License.

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