Async runtime for io_uring

[proteetpaul]

This commit introduces a multi-threaded runtime that integrates io_uring. Each worker thread has the following components:

• A local async executor
• An io_uring instance

Tasks are submitted to the worker thread using a crossbeam channel, and results are propagated back to the caller using a oneshot channel. When a task requires IO, it will yield to the runtime. The runtime is responsible for submitting IO's to the ring and polling IO completions. Upon completion, the runtime will unpark the corresponding task.

TODO():

• Batch IO submissions to amortize the syscall overhead
• Better admission control

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 89.74359% with 20 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 83.89%. Comparing base (f3a8da2) to head (533869e).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/parquet/src/io/io_uring/tasks.rs	67.85%	5 Missing and 4 partials ⚠️
src/parquet/src/io/io_uring/runtime.rs	95.70%	3 Missing and 4 partials ⚠️
src/common/src/io_mode.rs	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️
src/parquet/src/io/io_backend.rs	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #472      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   83.83%   83.89%   +0.05%     
==========================================
  Files          97       98       +1     
  Lines       21526    21721     +195     
  Branches    21526    21721     +195     
==========================================
+ Hits        18047    18222     +175     
- Misses       3054     3066      +12     
- Partials      425      433       +8     

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[codacy-production]

Up to standards ✅

🟢 Issues 50 high · 10 medium

Results:
60 new issues

Category	Results
Security	50 high
Complexity	10 medium

View in Codacy

🟢 Metrics 1436 complexity · 209 duplication

Metric	Results
Complexity	1436
Duplication	209

View in Codacy

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