LoRaTrace RX

Passive LoRa and sub-GHz field logging

RX-only LoRa/sub-GHz wardriving firmware for the M5Stack Cap LoRa-1262 (SX1262) riding on a Cardputer-Adv (ESP32-S3). GPS-tagged detection logging across four mission profiles — Meshtastic, MeshCore, Reticulum, and general LoRa/spectrum exploration — built like a field instrument, not a laptop-tethered tool.

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Note

Receive-only, by design. LoRaTrace has no transmit path beyond what the antenna-switch init requires, and never will (CLAUDE.md house rule). It observes and GPS-tags radio activity already in the air — including other people's mesh traffic — for later analysis. It does not inject or transmit. Passive decryption is permitted for public channels and known operator-supplied keys; brute-force key recovery is out of scope. The current firmware decodes Meshtastic public-default-key NodeInfo; operator-key support is not implemented. Operate it the way you'd operate any RF-monitoring instrument: know your local regulations and respect reasonable expectations of privacy.

Table of contents

1. Features
2. Version
3. Documentation
4. Build
5. Flash from your browser
6. Install without flashing (M5Launcher)
7. Configuration
8. Output files
9. Display and controls
10. Web dashboard

Features

• Four mission profiles, one receiver: Meshtastic, MeshCore, Reticulum, and General Exploration (Spectrum on-device) — presets, not separate tools.
• Three radio modes, all GPS-tagged and logged to SD: Watch (continuous single-channel RX), Probe (bounded discovery scan across the full 868–923MHz band), and Sweep (frequency-binned energy map, with CAD confirmation at peaks landing in Phase 9).
• GPS-stamped CSV logging, one directory per wardrive — see Output files.
• On-device menu UI on the Cardputer-Adv's own screen and keyboard — no laptop required in the field. See Display and controls.
• On-demand WiFi dashboard for live status, per-run CSV download, and channel configuration — off by default, never running unattended unless toggled on. See Web dashboard.
• No PSRAM, no problem. Runs entirely within the ESP32-S3FN8's static RAM budget — SD is the datastore, not RAM. See docs/DESIGN.md.

Version

The stable release is v1.0.7. main also builds a rolling dev-latest prerelease on every merge for hardware iteration (see Install); it is not a stable release. The firmware semantic version lives in src/version.h and is bumped by hand only when its release gate lands. See docs/STATUS.md for current hardware verification and open work rather than treating this summary as a release record.

Documentation

Doc	For
docs/STATUS.md	Current version, what's hardware-verified, what's still open. Start here.
docs/DESIGN.md	Shipped v1 hardware, RF parameters, and architecture rationale — read before changing those foundations.
docs/ROADMAP.md	Active V2 workstreams, gates, and release policy.
docs/research/V2_DESIGN.md	V2 product direction and permanent boundaries.
docs/LOG_GUIDE.md	Operator guide to run folders, CSV fields, identity observations, health checks, and privacy-aware export.
docs/HARDWARE_TESTING.md	Repeatable device-validation matrix and Phase 7 memory acceptance rules.
docs/BRAND.md	Naming, tone, and on-device UI copy conventions.
CLAUDE.md	House rules for AI-assisted development on this repo.
docs/README.md	Full documentation index, including archived history and research notes.

Build

PlatformIO + Arduino framework:

pio run -e cardputer-adv
pio run -e cardputer-adv --target upload
pio device monitor

Unit tests (host-native, no board needed):

pio test -e native

Flash from your browser

web-flasher → writes the firmware straight to the Cardputer-Adv over USB, no PlatformIO or M5Burner install required — built on ESP Web Tools, so it needs a desktop build of Chrome, Edge, or Opera (Web Serial isn't available elsewhere). Offers both the current dev-latest build and, once one has been published, the latest tagged release. This overwrites whatever firmware is currently on the device, Launcher included — use the SD-drop method below instead if you want to keep other firmwares installed side by side.

Install without flashing (M5Launcher)

If your Cardputer-Adv already runs bmorcelli/Launcher, you don't need to touch USB flashing at all:

1. Download the latest build: https://github.com/d3mocide/LoRaTrace-RX/releases/download/dev-latest/LoRaTraceRX-dev.bin (rebuilt automatically from main on every merge — check that release's notes for the commit it came from). Tagged, more-stable versions will appear on the Releases page once one has shipped.
2. Copy the .bin onto a FAT32 SD card.
3. In Launcher: SD → select the file → Install.
4. To get back to Launcher afterward: reset the device and press any key during Launcher's own ~5s boot window (it prints "Press the button to enter the Launcher!" over serial while waiting) — miss it and Launcher auto-boots straight back into whatever ran last. To skip that timing window entirely, enable Launcher's own Settings → "Boot to Launcher" toggle; it then always stops at its menu on reset until you turn it back off. Not a software hook this firmware implements — see docs/history/PROGRESS.md for how this was confirmed against Launcher's own source.

Serial output still works normally over USB while running under Launcher — pio device monitor to watch the boot banner and any [RX]/[config] lines.

Configuration

By default LoRaTrace RX locks to Meshtastic LongFast (US): 906.875MHz / SF11 / BW250kHz / CR4:8, and MeshCore's US-narrow default: 910.525MHz / SF7 / BW62.5kHz / CR5. The first time it boots with an SD card that doesn't already have one, it creates /loratrace/config.txt on the card pre-filled with both defaults, one block per profile (meshtastic_freq_mhz=, meshcore_freq_mhz=, etc. — each profile has its own independent set of keys, so editing one never touches the other's saved values). Edit either block in place for a non-default regional preset (e.g. MeshOregon) and reboot — see the file's own comments for the format, or use the web dashboard's Settings tab instead of hand-editing (below). (sd-template/loratrace/ still exists if you want to prepare a card offline before ever booting the device with it.) A missing card, a read-only card, or out-of-range values all fail safe back to the hardcoded default for that profile. Channel changes apply on next boot, not live — switching profiles on the running device (menu or web) always uses whatever was last saved for that profile.

Output files

One wardrive is one directory. Each power-on claims the next free /loratrace/runNNNN/ on the card, so a drive can be copied, shared or deleted as a unit:

/loratrace/
  config.txt          channel override (not a run artifact)
  run0001/
    detections.csv
    nodes.csv
    session.csv
    probe.csv
    energy.csv
  run0002/
    ...

• detections.csv — one row per received packet: GPS-stamped, with RSSI/SNR, RF parameters and whatever routing metadata the protocol exposes in clear. The full frame is retained as hex for offline analysis; LoRaTrace does not claim a general payload decoder.
• session.csv — one health row a minute (packets, drops, worst SD bus hold, heap free and low-water, GPS state, battery), plus a row marking the start. An unattended run is judged on whether it held up, and nobody is watching the serial console at hour three — so the run records its own vital signs next to its findings.
• nodes.csv — supported Meshtastic NodeInfo and MeshCore advertisement identity observations, kept separate because many packets can belong to one node. See docs/LOG_GUIDE.md for the exact supported profiles and limits.
• probe.csv — written when a Probe (discovery scan) is run: which fixed-candidate channels produced CAD activity. A CAD hit is not necessarily a packet.
• energy.csv — written when a Sweep (energy scan) is run: sparse high-energy bins and follow-up CAD results. Not a full spectrum recording.

probe.csv and energy.csv may exist with only a header row if that mode was never triggered during the run — their absence of data is not an error. See docs/LOG_GUIDE.md for the full field-by-field schema of every file above.

Runs are numbered rather than timestamped because the name has to be chosen before the GPS knows what time it is, and this board has no verified RTC. The wall clock still reaches the card, recorded inside the run once a fix lands. docs/LOG_GUIDE.md is the operator reference for schemas and analysis; docs/DESIGN.md §8 explains the design rationale. The current run number is shown on the RADIO page as r<N>.

Display and controls

Boot progress (firmware version, antenna-switch/radio status, active channel, and any FATAL error) is shown on the built-in LCD as well as over serial. Once the tasks are running the panel shows four read-only status pages — RADIO, CHANNEL, GPS, SYSTEM — with a battery indicator and header status dots (GPS fix, heap health, live RX activity) on every one, plus a footer line showing the active profile and page position.

A keyboard-driven, nestable menu covers every operator-facing toggle, three root rows deep: Trace (pause/standby the radio-listening pipeline without losing GPS fix), Profile (Meshtastic / MeshCore / Node IDs capture), and System (WiFi and Serial Control under Connectivity, Debug and SD retry under Diagnostics, brightness and idle-dim under Display). ,/. cycle pages or move the current menu level's selection, digits 1-5 jump straight to a page, Enter acts on the highlighted row (or scrubs a slider), and the backtick/ESC key opens/closes the menu and steps back up one level at a time; with no keyboard detected the pages rotate on their own, so a device sitting on a dashboard still cycles through everything. A toast band confirms whatever action just fired.

Web dashboard

An on-demand WiFi access point (off by default — toggle it from the System menu, never running unattended during a drive unless you turn it on) hosts a small embedded web page at 192.168.4.1 once it's up. Three tabs: a live status dashboard (the same counters the on-device SYSTEM/ RADIO pages and serial [status] line already expose, plus whether Trace is active or paused), a run browser to download any of detections.csv/ session.csv/nodes.csv/probe.csv/energy.csv per run without ejecting the SD card, and a Settings tab with one independent panel per profile for editing channel parameters — the same config.txt the SD card holds, applied on next boot. Measured cost: roughly 55-60KB of heap while the AP is up, with no impact on radio/GPS/SD reliability under real traffic — see docs/history/PROGRESS.md for the measurement session, or docs/STATUS.md for what's still open.