Use prek for linting

[mylee04]

Summary

• add a pre-commit configuration that preserves the existing Ruff and Black versions and checks
• use prek as the lint and formatting driver while keeping mypy as a separate check
• document the development environment and hook installation workflow

Why

Using prek keeps the lint workflow aligned with Memray while isolating Ruff and Black in hook environments. The prek executable is invoked directly so the lint job continues to work on the project's supported Python 3.8 environment.

Validation

• tox -e lint with Python 3.8.20
• make format
• make lint
• make check (98 passed, 6 skipped on Python 3.12)
• prek validate-config .pre-commit-config.yaml
• prek install in a temporary checkout

Closes #178

[mylee04]

Hi @godlygeek, this is ready for review when you have a chance. The GitHub Actions workflows are also awaiting maintainer approval to run. Thanks!