Physicshower

一个面向初中物理教学的电路绘制与仿真工具。用户可以在画布上放置电路元件、用导线连接成电路，程序会自动求解并显示各元件的电流、电压示数。A physics circuit drawing and simulation tool for middle school physics education.

功能特点 Features

• 丰富的电路元件 Circuit Components：电池（3V / 内阻 0.5Ω）、电池组（6V / 内阻 1.0Ω）、开关、灯泡、定值电阻、电流表、电压表 Cell(3V/0.5Ω), Battery(6V/1.0Ω), Switch, Light, Resistor, Current Meter, Voltage Meter
• 自由绘制电路 Circuit Drawing：点击面板元件添加至画布，按住右键拖拽连接导线（导线严格水平/垂直）Click a component on the panel to add it to the canvas, then hold the right mouse button and drag to connect wires (wires are strictly horizontal/vertical)
• 自动仿真 Automatic Simulation：元件移动、开关切换、导线增删后自动重新求解电路 The circuit is re-solved automatically after components are moved, switches are toggled, or wires are added/removed
• 实时示数 Real-time Readings：电流表、电压表显示仿真读数，灯泡亮度随实际功率变化 Ammeters and voltmeters display simulation readings; bulb brightness changes with actual power
• 短路提醒 Short Circuit Warning：电池短路（或负载过大）时元件变为橙色警示，不会弹窗打断操作 When the battery is short-circuited (or the load is too large), the component turns orange as a warning, without any pop-up interrupting the operation
• 开关交互 Switch Interaction and Dragging：单击切换开/闭状态，拖拽仅移动位置 Single-click toggles the open/closed state; dragging only moves the position
• 属性窗口 Property Window：点击元件显示其参数，如电阻值、电压等，支持直接修改 Click a component to view its parameters such as resistance and voltage, with direct editing supported

电路求解原理 Circuit Solving

采用改进节点分析法（Modified Nodal Analysis, MNA），基于 numpy 求解线性方程组，支持含内阻电源、串并联混联电路。 Uses Modified Nodal Analysis (MNA) to solve the linear equation system with numpy, supporting power sources with internal resistance and series/parallel mixed circuits.

环境要求 Requirements

• Python 3.11+
• PySide6
• numpy

安装与运行 Installation & Running

pip install PySide6 numpy
python main.py

打包为可执行文件 Packaging

pip install pyinstaller
pyinstaller physicshower.spec

打包产物位于 dist/physicshower.exe。 The packaged executable is located at dist/physicshower.exe.

项目结构 Project Structure

physicshower/
├── main.py        # 主程序入口，主窗口布局与仿真调度 / entry point, main window layout & simulation scheduling
├── canvas.py      # 电路画布：元件管理、导线连接、节点识别 / circuit canvas: component management, wire connection, node detection
├── components.py  # 电路元件定义（基类及各元件的绘制与交互） / component definitions (base class, drawing & interaction)
├── panel.py       # 右侧元件选择面板 / right-side component panel
└── solver.py      # 电路求解器（MNA + numpy） / circuit solver (MNA + numpy)

使用说明 Usage

1. 点击右侧面板中的元件按钮，将其添加到画布 Click a component button on the right panel to add it to the canvas
2. 在画布空白处按住鼠标右键拖拽，从元件端口拉出导线 Hold the right mouse button on an empty area and drag to pull a wire out from a component port
3. 拖动元件调整位置，导线会自动跟随 Drag a component to reposition it; the wires follow automatically
4. 单击开关可切换通断状态 Single-click a switch to toggle its on/off state
5. 电路变化后自动刷新仿真，观察各元件示数 The simulation refreshes automatically after circuit changes; observe each component's reading