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XIAO Display Gadgets

Hardware documentation, drivers, factory firmware, and demo code for the XIAO Display Series — six display boards in three sizes (1.47", 1.14", 0.96"), each powered by XIAO nRF52840 Plus or XIAO ESP32-S3 Plus.

Repository Structure

Display-Gadgets/
├── code/
│   ├── example/
│   │   ├── basic/          Basic hardware verification sketches
│   │   ├── 147_nRF52840/   1.47" nRF52840 factory dashboard & schematics
│   │   ├── 147_ESP32/      1.47" ESP32-S3 factory dashboard & schematics
│   │   ├── 114_nRF52840/   1.14" nRF52840 factory dashboard & schematics
│   │   ├── 114_ESP32/      1.14" ESP32-S3 factory dashboard & schematics
│   │   ├── 096_nRF52840/   0.96" nRF52840 factory dashboard & schematics
│   │   ├── 096_ESP32/      0.96" ESP32-S3 factory dashboard & schematics
│   │   ├── images/         Demo screenshots, GIFs and videos
│   │   └── squareline/     SquareLine Studio UI project files
│   └── Function/           Standalone single-feature demos
│       ├── 147_nRF52840/
│       ├── 147_ESP32/
│       ├── 114_nRF52840/
│       ├── 114_ESP32/
│       ├── 096_nRF52840/
│       └── 096_ESP32/
└── schematics/             PDF schematics for all 6 products

Basic Examples

Each subdirectory under code/example/basic/ is a standalone Arduino sketch for verifying a single hardware peripheral.

Directory Description
code/example/basic/xiao_nrf52840_147_display 1.47" screen test with Seeed_GFX / TFT_eSPI — color bars and text
code/example/basic/xiao_nrf52840_147_touch AXS5106L touch controller — read X/Y coordinates via I2C
code/example/basic/xiao_nrf52840_147_touch_int Touch test with D7 interrupt signal verification
code/example/basic/xiao_nrf52840_147_imu LSM6DS3 accelerometer + gyroscope readout via Seeed_Arduino_LSM6DS3
code/example/basic/xiao_nrf52840_147_imu_int LSM6DS3 D14 motion wake-up interrupt test
code/example/basic/xiao_nrf52840_147_mic PDM microphone peak readout — serial output
code/example/basic/xiao_nrf52840_147_sd MicroSD card mount and directory listing via nRF52 SDK SdFat
code/example/basic/xiao_nrf52840_147_sd_text_reader Read TXT/LOG/CSV files from SD and display on screen
code/example/basic/xiao_nrf52840_147_bat Battery ADC readout: VBAT divider enable, voltage reading, charge status
code/example/basic/xiao_nrf52840_147_button USR1/USR2 button readout — USR1 toggles backlight brightness
code/example/basic/xiao_nrf52840_147_i2s I2S + MAX98357A speaker test (D11=DIN, D12=BCLK, D13=LRC/WS)
code/example/basic/xiao_esp32s3_147_bat ESP32-S3 battery ADC via D16 — 316k/160k voltage divider
code/example/basic/xiao_esp32s3_114_display 1.14" screen test with Seeed_GFX / TFT_eSPI (135×240)
code/example/basic/xiao_esp32s3_114_mic ESP32 PDM I2S microphone — D0=MIC_CLK, D1=MIC_DATA
code/example/basic/xiao_esp32s3_114_imu QMI8658 / LSM6-compatible IMU on D4=SDA, D5=SCL
code/example/basic/xiao_esp32s3_114_imu_int IMU D14 wake-up interrupt verification
code/example/basic/xiao_esp32s3_114_button USR1=D6, USR2=D7, USR3=D19 — active-low button readout
code/example/basic/xiao_esp32s3_114_bat Battery ADC via D16 — 316k/160k divider, ratio ≈ 2.975
code/example/basic/xiao_esp32s3_114_i2c_scan Grove I2C scanner on D4=SDA, D5=SCL
code/example/basic/xiao_esp32s3_114_i2s I2S audio output test (D11=DIN, D12=BCLK, D13=LRC/WS)

Function Demos

Standalone single-feature demos under code/Function/. Each is a self-contained Arduino sketch demonstrating one onboard peripheral or application pattern.

1.47" nRF52840 Plus

Directory Description
code/Function/147_nRF52840/xiao_nrf52840_147_graphictest LCD graphics stress test — drawLine/drawPixel heavy rendering
code/Function/147_nRF52840/xiao_nrf52840_147_touch_circle Touch Circle — draw colored circles on touch points
code/Function/147_nRF52840/xiao_nrf52840_147_mic_canvas Big Volume Bar — PDM microphone peak meter with segmented bar
code/Function/147_nRF52840/xiao_nrf52840_147_sd_image_reader SD BMP image reader — read and display BMP files from SD card
code/Function/147_nRF52840/xiao_nrf52840_147_sd_bmp_reader_stress_v0_1 SD BMP reader stress test (legacy version)
code/Function/147_nRF52840/xiao_nrf52840_147_sd_unline_record Offline audio record/playback — PDM mic → RAM → I2S speaker
code/Function/147_nRF52840/xiao_nrf52840_147_electronic_quicksand Electronic Quicksand — IMU-driven particle fluid simulation
code/Function/147_nRF52840/xiao_nrf52840_147_wakeup Raise to Wake — IMU motion wake-up with battery status display
code/Function/147_nRF52840/xiao_nrf52840_147_stopwatch Stopwatch — touch-controlled timer on 1.47" display

1.47" ESP32-S3 Plus

Directory Description
code/Function/147_ESP32/xiao_esp32s3_147_graphictest LCD graphics stress test for 1.47" ESP32-S3
code/Function/147_ESP32/xiao_esp32s3_147_sd_photo_frame SD card photo frame — slideshow from BMP files on SD
code/Function/147_ESP32/xiao_esp32s3_147_electronic_quicksand Electronic Quicksand — IMU-driven particle fluid simulation
code/Function/147_ESP32/xiao_esp32s3_147_wakeup Raise to Wake — IMU motion wake-up
code/Function/147_ESP32/xiao_esp32s3_147_snake SNAKE game — touch + buttons + IMU controls
code/Function/147_ESP32/xiao_esp32s3_147_stopwatch Stopwatch — touch-controlled timer
code/Function/147_ESP32/xiao_esp32s3_147_mic_canvas Big Volume Bar — PDM mic peak meter with segmented bar
code/Function/147_ESP32/xiao_esp32s3_147_touch_circle Touch Circle — draw circles on touch points
code/Function/147_ESP32/xiao_esp32s3_147_sd_record SD Recorder — PDM mic → SD WAV → I2S playback
code/Function/147_ESP32/xiao_esp32s3plus_147_sd_bmp_reader_diag_v0_8 SD BMP reader — display BMP files from SD (diagnostic version)
code/Function/147_ESP32/xiao_esp32s3plus_i2s_speaker_test_v1_1_correct_pins I2S speaker test — sine wave via MAX98357A (D11/D12/D13)

1.14" nRF52840 Plus

Directory Description
code/Function/114_nRF52840/xiao_nrf52840_114_graphictest LCD graphics stress test for 1.14" nRF52840
code/Function/114_nRF52840/xiao_nrf52840_114_electronic_quicksand Electronic Quicksand — 22×40 grid, 150 particles, 6px cells
code/Function/114_nRF52840/xiao_nrf52840_114_wakeup Raise to Wake — IMU motion wake-up
code/Function/114_nRF52840/xiao_nrf52840_114_voice_bar Big Volume Bar — PDM mic real-time waveform + segmented meter
code/Function/114_nRF52840/xiao_nrf52840_114_flash_record Flash audio record/playback — PDM mic → InternalFS → I2S speaker
code/Function/114_nRF52840/xiao_nrf52840_114_counter Grove Mech Keycap Counter — ADC key detection via Grove port

1.14" ESP32-S3 Plus

Directory Description
code/Function/114_ESP32/xiao_esp32s3_114_graphictest LCD graphics stress test for 1.14" ESP32-S3
code/Function/114_ESP32/xiao_esp32s3_114_electronic_quicksand Electronic Quicksand — 22×40 grid, 150 particles, 6px cells
code/Function/114_ESP32/xiao_esp32s3_114_wakeup Raise to Wake — IMU motion wake-up with light sleep
code/Function/114_ESP32/xiao_esp32s3_114_flash_record Flash audio record/playback — PDM mic → LittleFS → I2S speaker (no SD card needed)
code/Function/114_ESP32/xiao_esp32s3_114_voice_bar Big Volume Bar — PDM mic real-time waveform + segmented meter
code/Function/114_ESP32/xiao_esp32s3_114_counter Grove Mech Keycap Counter — ADC key detection via Grove port

0.96" nRF52840 Plus

Directory Description
code/Function/096_nRF52840/xiao_nrf52840_096_graphictest LCD graphics stress test for 0.96" nRF52840
code/Function/096_nRF52840/xiao_nrf52840_096_electronic_quicksand Electronic Quicksand adapted for 0.96" 80×160 display
code/Function/096_nRF52840/xiao_nrf52840_096_wakeup Raise to Wake — IMU motion wake-up
code/Function/096_nRF52840/xiao_nrf52840_096_flash_record Flash audio record/playback — PDM mic → InternalFS → I2S speaker

0.96" ESP32-S3 Plus

Directory Description
code/Function/096_ESP32/xiao_esp32s3_096_graphictest LCD graphics benchmark — 10 primitives with per-op timing
code/Function/096_ESP32/xiao_esp32s3_096_electronic_quicksand Electronic Quicksand — IMU-driven particle fluid simulation
code/Function/096_ESP32/xiao_esp32s3_096_wakeup Raise to Wake — IMU motion wake-up (light sleep)
code/Function/096_ESP32/xiao_esp32s3_096_flash_record Flash audio record/playback — PDM mic → LittleFS → I2S speaker (needs SPIFFS partition)

Tips & Known Issues

  1. Board package: Use Seeed nRF52 Boards (v1.1.13+). This SDK corrects the D17/D19 pin swap on earlier XIAO nRF52840 revisions.

  2. Serial port not detected: A known low-level bug in the nRF52 SDK may prevent the USB serial port from being recognized. Install Adafruit_TinyUSB (also available via Arduino Library Manager) and add to every sketch:

    #include <Adafruit_TinyUSB.h>

  3. Seeed_GFX conflicts with TFT_eSPI: Remove any existing TFT_eSPI library before installing Seeed_GFX. The two conflict.

  4. Missing Seeed_Arduino_FS: If the compiler reports Seeed_Arduino_FS missing, install it from GitHub or via Arduino Library Manager.

  5. IMU driver: All six boards use the LSM6DS3 IMU. Install Seeed_Arduino_LSM6DS3 (or SparkFun LSM6DS3). Some demo sketches contain a QMI8658 fallback path in code, but the hardware is LSM6DS3 only.

  6. SdFat for nRF52: The nRF52 SDK bundles its own SdFat library. Do not install a separate SdFat version — it will conflict.

  7. Color inversion on 1.47" display: If colors appear inverted (black ↔ white, red ↔ cyan, green ↔ purple, yellow ↔ blue), toggle tft.invertDisplay(false) or tft.invertDisplay(true) after tft.init() and rotation setup. This is an LCD inversion issue, not an RGB/BGR byte-order problem.

  8. SquareLine Studio workflow: To use SquareLine-generated UIs on these boards:

    • a. Design the UI in SquareLine Studio and export the project template
    • b. Extract the package and copy the UI library folder into your Arduino libraries
    • c. Copy the screen driver.h into the exported Arduino sketch folder
    • d. Install Seeed_GFX library
    • e. Install Seeed LVGL library and copy its lv_conf.h to your Arduino library path

  9. Shared SPI bus (LCD + SD): The LCD and SD card share the same SPI bus. After each LCD refresh, re-initialize the SD card before accessing it again:

    sdCard.begin(SdSpiConfig(SD_CS_PIN, SHARED_SPI, freq, &SPI));

    Otherwise SD reads may fail or hang after LCD operations.

  10. GraphicTest with SD card inserted: Some GraphicTest sketches may hang on cold boot with an SD card inserted (especially during Lines rendering). Remove the SD card before running GraphicTest, or use the SD image reader demo if you need SD + LCD simultaneously.

  11. ESP32 flash_record needs a SPIFFS partition: The 1.14" and 0.96" ESP32-S3 flash recorder demos store the WAV in LittleFS, which needs a SPIFFS partition. In Arduino IDE select Tools > Partition Scheme > "Default with spiffs (3MB APP/1.5MB SPIFFS)" before uploading — otherwise LittleFS.begin() fails and the screen shows "Write failed / Check flash".

Required Libraries

Library Purpose Source
Seeed nRF52 Boards nRF52840 board package (v1.1.13+) Arduino Boards Manager
esp32 Boards by Espressif ESP32-S3 board package (3.3.11+) Arduino Boards Manager
Seeed_GFX Display graphics (replaces TFT_eSPI) GitHub / Library Manager
GFX Library for Arduino Display graphics (Arduino_GFX, used by 0.96" and several demos) Arduino Library Manager
Seeed_Arduino_LSM6DS3 LSM6DS3 IMU driver GitHub / Library Manager
Seeed_Arduino_FS Filesystem abstraction GitHub / Library Manager
Adafruit_TinyUSB USB serial patch for nRF52 GitHub / Library Manager
SdFat SD card (bundled with nRF52 SDK) Included in Seeed nRF52 Boards
PDM PDM microphone (bundled with nRF52 SDK) Included in Seeed nRF52 Boards

Wiki

User-facing documentation is published on the Seeed Studio Wiki. Look under Sensor → LCD Displays → Display Gadgets.

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