Give benefit-unit members aged 16 or over a bedroom under LHA rules

changelog.d/2004.fixed.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+The model now calculates Housing Benefit and national Council Tax Reduction non-dependant deductions under each scheme's rules. Bands include their lower edge. For a non-exempt non-dependant outside remunerative work, including someone on Income Support, income-based JSA or income-related ESA, the council deducts the lowest amount whatever their income. The council bands a couple on its joint gross income plus the family's awards, counting Universal Credit after the benefit cap and before debt deductions, and normally makes one deduction, the higher. Under Wales's working-age scheme, it deducts both members' amounts when their own Universal Credit award assesses either member. It deducts separately for each other adult. The model counts other investment income, ISA interest and ISA dividends in gross income, and treats a self-employment or property loss as nil. Councils apply the claimant and non-dependant exemptions, and for the Universal Credit exemption the model reads Universal Credit's own calculation of earned income. The model gives the England pensioner, Scottish and Welsh Council Tax Reduction schemes their own scales from 2013-14, and follows each jointly liable applicant's own scheme. For the Universal Credit benefit cap, the model now totals welfare benefits without Housing Benefit (`uc_benefit_cap_welfare_benefits`). A caller who supplies the combined total, `benefit_cap_welfare_benefits`, must also supply `housing_benefit_pre_benefit_cap` or `uc_benefit_cap_welfare_benefits` for every benefit unit; otherwise the model raises `ValueError` when it calculates the Universal Credit cap.

changelog.d/2008.fixed.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Give each member of the benefit unit aged 16 or over who is not the claimant or partner a bedroom in the Universal Credit LHA size criteria (UC Regs 2013 Sch 4 para 10(1)(b) and (c)), except a qualifying young person no one is responsible for (para 9(2)(g)) and a household head who does not claim and is not a qualifying young person the renter is responsible for, whom the formula treats as liable for the rent (para 9(2)(d)). The bedroom reads the definition that the housing cost contribution uses (is_benefit_unit_non_dependant_for_universal_credit), and the claim that bears an in-unit non-dependant's contribution has their bedroom.

changelog.d/2014.fixed.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+- Charge Universal Credit, Housing Benefit and national Council Tax Reduction non-dependant deductions for members of the claimant's own benefit unit who are not the claimant, partner or a child or young person, such as an adult son (UC Regs 2013 Sch 4 para 9; HB Regs 2006 and HB (SPC) Regs 2006 reg 3; SI 2012/2885 reg 9 and the Welsh and Scottish equivalents). Housing Benefit and Council Tax Reduction apportion every non-dependant between joint occupiers or jointly liable applicants, a lodger's adult son included, and a household head is never her own benefit unit's non-dependant. Apply the Universal Credit renter exemption from housing cost contributions (Sch 4 para 15) where a claimant, not a partner whom reg 3(3) leaves out of the claim, is blind or receives a listed benefit, armed forces independence payment included (reg 2's attendance allowance), and give the para 16(2)(b) Pension Credit exemption only to the claimant or partner who receives it, so a pensioner's adult son is no longer exempt by her award.

docs/book/programs/gov/dwp/housing-benefit.ipynb

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
     "\n",
     "1. **Eligible rent**: the rent the benunit is liable for (`benunit_rent`). Where the Local Housing Allowance applies (`LHA_eligible`: renting, and no member in social housing), the eligible rent is the maximum rent (LHA), which is the LHA rate for the Housing Benefit category of dwelling (`housing_benefit_LHA_category`: the shared accommodation rate for a young individual with no non-dependant, or a claimant entitled to one bedroom who lacks exclusive use of self-contained accommodation, unless the severe disability premium applies, reg 13D(2)) or, where the rent is lower, the rent (`LHA_cap`; SI 2006/213 regs [12D(2)(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/213/regulation/12D) and [13D(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/213/regulation/13D)).\n",
     "2. **Applicable amount** (`housing_benefit_applicable_amount`): a personal allowance derived from the benunit's composition (single, couple, lone parent) and age, plus any disability/carer premiums. This is the \"minimum income\" the household needs before HB tapers begin.\n",
-    "3. **Means test** (`housing_benefit_entitlement`): the appropriate maximum Housing Benefit is the eligible rent less `housing_benefit_non_dep_deductions` for any non-dependant adults living in the household ([reg. 70](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/213/regulation/70)). The published `withdrawal_rate` (currently 0.65) of the benunit's `housing_benefit_applicable_income` in excess of the applicable amount is deducted from that maximum ([SSCBA 1992 s. 130(3)(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1992/4/section/130), [reg. 71](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/213/regulation/71)). Because the LHA caps the eligible rent, the taper comes off the LHA: a private tenant with rent above the LHA and income above the applicable amount receives the LHA less the taper, not the lower of the LHA and the rent less the taper. The pension-age regulations (SI 2006/214) have the same rules at regs 12D, 13D, 50 and 51, and the Northern Ireland regulations at SR 2006/405 regs 13C, 14D, 68 and 69 and SR 2006/406 regs 13C, 14D, 48 and 49. Applicable income counts earnings, pensions and benefits net of the income tax and National Insurance on them. Income derived from capital (rent from property, interest and dividends) is not income: regulation 46(4) of the Housing Benefit Regulations 2006 treats it as capital, and Schedule 5 paragraph 22 of the pension-age regulations disregards it. The capital counts instead through `housing_benefit_tariff_income` and the capital limit. Rent for letting part of the home is the exception: it counts, less £20 a week per occupier.\n",
+    "3. **Means test** (`housing_benefit_entitlement`): the appropriate maximum Housing Benefit is the eligible rent less `housing_benefit_non_dep_deductions` for any non-dependant adults living in the household ([reg. 70](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/213/regulation/70)). Under reg 74 (SI 2006/214 reg 55), for a non-dependant aged 18 or over in remunerative work (16 hours a week or more) the council deducts the amount for the band containing their normal gross weekly income, counting a couple's joint income and including each band's lower edge; for one not in remunerative work it deducts the lowest amount. It makes one deduction for a couple, the higher. Councils make no deduction for full-time students, State Pension Credit recipients, or under-25s on Income Support, income-based JSA or Universal Credit without earned income, and none for any non-dependant if the claimant or partner is blind or receives Attendance Allowance, the DLA care component, the PIP daily living component or Armed Forces Independence Payment. The published `withdrawal_rate` (currently 0.65) of the benunit's `housing_benefit_applicable_income` in excess of the applicable amount is deducted from that maximum ([SSCBA 1992 s. 130(3)(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1992/4/section/130), [reg. 71](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/213/regulation/71)). Because the LHA caps the eligible rent, the taper comes off the LHA: a private tenant with rent above the LHA and income above the applicable amount receives the LHA less the taper, not the lower of the LHA and the rent less the taper. The pension-age regulations (SI 2006/214) have the same rules at regs 12D, 13D, 50 and 51, and the Northern Ireland regulations at SR 2006/405 regs 13C, 14D, 68 and 69 and SR 2006/406 regs 13C, 14D, 48 and 49. Applicable income counts earnings, pensions and benefits net of the income tax and National Insurance on them. Income derived from capital (rent from property, interest and dividends) is not income: regulation 46(4) of the Housing Benefit Regulations 2006 treats it as capital, and Schedule 5 paragraph 22 of the pension-age regulations disregards it. The capital counts instead through `housing_benefit_tariff_income` and the capital limit. Rent for letting part of the home is the exception: it counts, less £20 a week per occupier.\n",
     "   If the claimant or partner is on Universal Credit, Income Support, income-based Jobseeker's Allowance or income-related Employment and Support Allowance (`housing_benefit_on_passporting_benefit`), the whole of the family's earnings, other income and capital is disregarded ([SI 2006/213 Sch. 4 para. 12](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/213/schedule/4/paragraph/12), [Sch. 5 para. 4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/213/schedule/5/paragraph/4) and [Sch. 6 para. 5](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/213/schedule/6/paragraph/5); Northern Ireland: [SR 2006/405 Sch. 5 para. 12](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisr/2006/405/schedule/5/paragraph/12), [Sch. 6 para. 4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisr/2006/405/schedule/6/paragraph/4) and [Sch. 7 para. 5](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisr/2006/405/schedule/7/paragraph/5)). `housing_benefit_applicable_income` and `housing_benefit_assessable_capital` are then zero, so the award is that maximum. This applies at any age: a mixed-age couple whose younger member is on one of these benefits is assessed under the working-age regulations ([SI 2006/213 reg. 5(1)(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/213/regulation/5)). Income Support, income-based Jobseeker's Allowance and income-related Employment and Support Allowance count when a positive amount is paid on the claimant's or partner's award (`in_receipt_of_income_support_jsa_ib_or_esa_ir`, which reads `claimant_or_partner_jsa_income` and `claimant_or_partner_esa_income`). Another member's own award, such as a non-dependant's, is payable to them and does not passport the claimant. A person is on Universal Credit on any day they are entitled to it, whether it is in payment or not ([reg. 2(3B)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/213/regulation/2)); PolicyEngine reads that as Universal Credit above nil before the benefit cap and deductions (`is_uc_entitled`), for a family that claims it, so the passport adds no circular dependency through the benefit cap. The universal credit limb applies from 28 October 2013 in Great Britain and 8 May 2018 in Northern Ireland (`gov.dwp.housing_benefit.means_test.universal_credit_passport`). It matters only where Housing Benefit is paid alongside Universal Credit, for specified or temporary accommodation, which the eligibility rules above do not yet model.\n",
     "4. **Benefit cap** (`housing_benefit`): the post-means-test award is finally reduced by `housing_benefit_benefit_cap_reduction`, the excess of the family's welfare benefits over the Housing Benefit cap (`housing_benefit_benefit_cap`, SI 2006/213 reg 75CA), leaving at least 50 pence a week (reg 75D). The cap does not apply where the claimant or couple is entitled to working tax credit (reg 75E), the claimant or partner receives a benefit listed in reg 75F, or the claim is under the pension-age regulations (reg 5). Universal Credit has its own cap.\n",
     "\n",

policyengine_uk/parameters/gov/dwp/housing_benefit/non_dep_deduction/age_threshold.yaml

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
-description: A non dependent deduction is provided under Housing Benefit for filers at or above this age threshold.
+description: Housing Benefit makes a non-dependant deduction only for non-dependants at or above this age.
 metadata:
   label: Housing benefit non dependent deduction age threshold
   period: year
   unit: year
-  reference: 
-    - title: The Housing Benefit Regulations 2006 sec. 74 (1)
-      href: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/213/regulation/74/2024-04-01
+  reference:
+    - title: The Housing Benefit Regulations 2006 reg. 74(1)
+      href: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/213/regulation/74
+    - title: The Housing Benefit (Persons who have attained the qualifying age for state pension credit) Regulations 2006 reg. 55(1)
+      href: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/214/regulation/55
 
 values:
-  2019-04-01: 18
+  2006-03-06: 18

policyengine_uk/parameters/gov/dwp/housing_benefit/non_dep_deduction/income_related_benefit_age_limit.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+description: Housing Benefit makes no deduction for a non-dependant under this age who is on Income Support or income-based Jobseeker's Allowance, or entitled to Universal Credit calculated on the basis that they have no earned income.
+values:
+  2006-03-06: 25
+metadata:
+  label: Housing Benefit non-dependant income-related benefit exemption age limit
+  unit: year
+  period: year
+  reference:
+    - title: The Housing Benefit Regulations 2006 reg. 74(8)
+      href: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/213/regulation/74
+    - title: The Housing Benefit (Persons who have attained the qualifying age for state pension credit) Regulations 2006 reg. 55(8)
+      href: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/214/regulation/55

policyengine_uk/parameters/gov/local_authorities/england/council_tax_reduction/pensioners/non_dep_deduction/amount.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+description: England pensioner Council Tax Reduction deducts this weekly amount for each non-dependant aged 18 or over, by the non-dependant's normal gross weekly income if they are in remunerative work; a non-dependant not in remunerative work pays the lowest amount.
+
+# Sums from paragraph 8 of Schedule 1 to the Council Tax Reduction Schemes
+# (Prescribed Requirements) (England) Regulations 2012 (SI 2012/2885), as
+# substituted for each financial year by the amending instruments in the
+# references. Each year's sums apply from 1 April.
+brackets:
+- threshold:
+    2013-04-01: 0
+  amount:
+    2013-04-01: 3.65
+    2014-04-01: 3.7
+    2015-04-01: 3.74
+    2016-04-01: 3.77
+    2017-04-01: 3.8
+    2018-04-01: 3.9
+    2019-04-01: 4
+    2020-04-01: 4.05
+    2021-04-01: 4.05
+    2022-04-01: 4.2
+    2023-04-01: 4.6
+    2024-04-01: 4.9
+    2025-04-01: 5
+    2026-04-01: 5.2
+- threshold:
+    2013-04-01: 186
+    2014-04-01: 188
+    2015-04-01: 189
+    2016-04-01: 195
+    2017-04-01: 196.95
+    2018-04-01: 202.85
+    2019-04-01: 207.7
+    2020-04-01: 217
+    2021-04-01: 217
+    2022-04-01: 224
+    2023-04-01: 236
+    2024-04-01: 256
+    2025-04-01: 266
+    2026-04-01: 279
+  amount:
+    2013-04-01: 7.25
+    2014-04-01: 7.45
+    2015-04-01: 7.52
+    2016-04-01: 7.58
+    2017-04-01: 7.65
+    2018-04-01: 7.9
+    2019-04-01: 8.1
+    2020-04-01: 8.25
+    2021-04-01: 8.3
+    2022-04-01: 8.55
+    2023-04-01: 9.4
+    2024-04-01: 10.05
+    2025-04-01: 10.2
+    2026-04-01: 10.6
+- threshold:
+    2013-04-01: 322
+    2014-04-01: 326
+    2015-04-01: 328
+    2016-04-01: 338
+    2017-04-01: 341.4
+    2018-04-01: 351.65
+    2019-04-01: 360.1
+    2020-04-01: 377
+    2021-04-01: 377
+    2022-04-01: 389
+    2023-04-01: 410
+    2024-04-01: 445
+    2025-04-01: 463
+    2026-04-01: 485
+  amount:
+    2013-04-01: 9.15
+    2014-04-01: 9.4
+    2015-04-01: 9.49
+    2016-04-01: 9.56
+    2017-04-01: 9.65
+    2018-04-01: 9.95
+    2019-04-01: 10.2
+    2020-04-01: 10.35
+    2021-04-01: 10.4
+    2022-04-01: 10.7
+    2023-04-01: 11.8
+    2024-04-01: 12.6
+    2025-04-01: 12.8
+    2026-04-01: 13.3
+- threshold:
+    2013-04-01: 401
+    2014-04-01: 406
+    2015-04-01: 408
+    2016-04-01: 420
+    2017-04-01: 424.2
+    2018-04-01: 436.9
+    2019-04-01: 447.4
+    2020-04-01: 469
+    2021-04-01: 469
+    2022-04-01: 484
+    2023-04-01: 511
+    2024-04-01: 554
+    2025-04-01: 577
+    2026-04-01: 605
+  amount:
+    2013-04-01: 10.95
+    2014-04-01: 11.25
+    2015-04-01: 11.36
+    2016-04-01: 11.45
+    2017-04-01: 11.55
+    2018-04-01: 11.9
+    2019-04-01: 12.2
+    2020-04-01: 12.4
+    2021-04-01: 12.45
+    2022-04-01: 12.85
+    2023-04-01: 14.15
+    2024-04-01: 15.1
+    2025-04-01: 15.35
+    2026-04-01: 15.95
+metadata:
+  label: England pensioner CTR non-dependant deduction
+  amount_unit: currency-GBP
+  threshold_unit: currency-GBP
+  period: week
+  type: single_amount
+  economy: false
+  propagate_metadata_to_children: true
+  uprating: gov.benefit_uprating_cpi
+  reference:
+    - title: Council Tax Reduction Schemes (Prescribed Requirements) (England) Regulations 2012, Sch. 1 para. 8
+      href: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2012/2885/schedule/1/paragraph/8
+    - title: SI 2012/3085, sums for 2013-14
+      href: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2012/3085/made
+    - title: SI 2013/3181, sums for 2014-15
+      href: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/3181/made
+    - title: SI 2014/3312, sums for 2015-16
+      href: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2014/3312/made
+    - title: SI 2015/2041, sums for 2016-17
+      href: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2015/2041/made
+    - title: SI 2016/1262, sums for 2017-18
+      href: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2016/1262/made
+    - title: SI 2017/1305, sums for 2018-19
+      href: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2017/1305/made
+    - title: SI 2018/1346, sums for 2019-20
+      href: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2018/1346/made
+    - title: SI 2020/23, sums for 2020-21
+      href: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2020/23/made
+    - title: SI 2021/29, sums for 2021-22
+      href: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2021/29/made
+    - title: SI 2022/25, sums for 2022-23
+      href: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2022/25/made
+    - title: SI 2023/16, sums for 2023-24
+      href: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2023/16/made
+    - title: SI 2024/29, sums for 2024-25
+      href: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2024/29/made
+    - title: SI 2025/39, sums for 2025-26
+      href: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/39/made
+    - title: SI 2026/27, sums for 2026-27
+      href: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2026/27/made

policyengine_uk/parameters/gov/local_authorities/england/council_tax_reduction/pensioners/non_dep_deduction/exempt_universal_credit_without_earned_income.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+description: England pensioner Council Tax Reduction makes no deduction for a non-dependant entitled to Universal Credit calculated on the basis that they have no earned income, from the year this applies (Sch. 1 para. 8(8)(c)).
+values:
+  2013-04-01: false
+  2015-04-01: true
+metadata:
+  label: England pensioner CTR exempts non-dependants on Universal Credit without earned income
+  unit: bool
+  period: year
+  reference:
+    - title: SI 2012/2885 Sch. 1 para. 8(8)(c), inserted for 2015-16 by SI 2014/3312 reg. 2(5)(a)(vi)
+      href: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2014/3312/regulation/2/made