🧪 SystemUnite4

Automated Bioreactor & Incubation Controller

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Overview

SystemUnite4 is an embedded master controller engineered to automate microbial incubation and bioprocess regulation using dual temperature monitoring, heating control, aeration management, Bluetooth telemetry, and an LCD user interface.

Features

SystemUnite4 is an embedded master controller engineered to automate micro-environmental incubation and bioprocess parameter regulation. The system features multi-zone digital temperature monitoring, automated heating actuators, dual-channel aeration management, and full wireless telemetry via Bluetooth.

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🔬 System Overview & Architecture

The core firmware maintains closed-loop thermal regulation and timed gas injection for biological growth chambers (such as microbial incubators or bioreactors).

Key Features

• Dual-Zone Thermal Monitoring: Interfaced with DS18B20 digital temperature sensors over Dallas OneWire protocol for high accuracy (T_1 and T_2).
• Closed-Loop Actuation: Dynamic switching for upper and bottom heating elements based on real-time temperature feedback against user-defined targets.
• Dual Aeration System: Multi-channel air generator control (AIR1 / AIR2) to support aerobic fermentation or oxygenation cycles.
• Wireless Telemetry (UART/Bluetooth): Remote control interface (Serial1) receiving real-time commands (START, STOP, TEMP, TIME, AIR) and transmitting live diagnostics.
• Local User Interface (I2C LCD): High-contrast $16\times 2$ LCD screen utilizing I2C bus serialization (0x27) displaying real-time process indicators, setpoints, and countdown timers.

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⚡ Hardware Pinout & Wiring Configuration

Component / Subsystem	Pin Name	Arduino Pin	Description
DS18B20 Sensors	ONE_WIRE_BUS	Pin 9	Digital temperature data bus (Dual Sensor)
Blue Status LED	startLed	Pin 24	Operational state indicator
Red Status LED	stopeLed	Pin 25	Emergency / Standby indicator
Air Status LED	airGeneratorLed	Pin 26	Aeration active indicator
Heater 1 Indicator	heaterLed1	Pin 27	Upper heater status LED
Heater 2 Indicator	heaterLed2	Pin 28	Bottom heater status LED
Aeration Relay 1	airGenerator1	Pin 42	Primary air injection relay
Aeration Relay 2	airGenerator2	Pin 43	Secondary air injection relay
Upper Heater Relay	upperHeater	Pin 44	Upper heating element actuator
Bottom Heater Relay	bottomHeater	Pin 45	Lower heating element actuator
I2C LCD Module	SDA / SCL	Dedicated I2C	System status & display
Bluetooth Module	Serial1 (RX1/TX1)	Hardware UART	Remote telemetry interface

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📡 Wireless Bluetooth Serial Protocol (UART)

The system responds to incoming character strings structured as follows:

Command Structure	Description / Example	Action Taken
START	START	Initiates closed-loop process & timer
STOP	STOP	Immediately cuts off all heaters and air pumps
TEMP:<val>	TEMP:37	Sets desired thermal threshold ($37^\circ\text{C}$)
TIME:<sec>	TIME:1800	Sets process execution timer ($1800\text{ seconds}$)
AIR1:ON / AIR1:OFF	AIR1:ON	Toggles primary aeration pump
AIR2:ON / AIR2:OFF	AIR2:ON	Toggles secondary aeration pump

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👥 Academic & Engineering Credits

Academic Supervision

• Prof. Dr. Salah Badr
• Dr. Ragab Qasem
• Mr. Mostafa Fathy

🛠️ Installation & Dependencies

To compile and upload this project using the Arduino IDE:

1. Install the following libraries via the Arduino Library Manager:
   • OneWire (by Paul Stoffregen)
   • DallasTemperature (by Miles Burton)
   • LiquidCrystal_I2C (by Frank de Brabander)
2. Connect your Arduino Mega 2560 or target microcontroller.
3. Select the correct COM port and upload SystemUnite4.ino.