Classify reused CLI auth tokens

docs/authentication.md

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ sequenceDiagram
     CLI->>CLI: Open browser
     Note over Web: User completes OAuth
     Web->>DB: Resolve opaque token to signed payload
-    Web->>DB: Delete opaque token
+    Web->>DB: Mark opaque token consumed
     Web->>DB: Check fingerprint ownership
     Web->>DB: Create/update session
     loop Every 5s
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ sequenceDiagram
 
 - Signed auth payloads expire after 1 hour
 - Browser login URLs use opaque 43-character tokens instead of exposing the signed auth payload
-- Opaque browser tokens are stored in `verificationToken` under `cli-login:<token>` and consumed with `DELETE ... RETURNING` when onboarding resolves them
+- Opaque browser tokens are stored in `verificationToken` under `cli-login:<token>` and atomically moved to `cli-login-consumed:<token-hash>` when onboarding resolves them; consumed markers scrub the signed auth payload from the `token` column
 - Fingerprint uniqueness: hardware info + 8 random bytes
 - Ownership conflicts blocked and logged
 - Sessions linked to fingerprint_id in database

freebuff/web/src/app/api/auth/cli/code/route.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { z } from 'zod/v4'
 import {
   buildCliAuthCode,
   getCliAuthCodeHashPrefix,
+  getCliAuthCodeTokenIdentifier,
 } from '@/app/onboard/_helpers'
 import { logger } from '@/util/logger'
 
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ export async function POST(req: Request) {
     const loginToken = randomBytes(32).toString('base64url')
 
     await db.insert(schema.verificationToken).values({
-      identifier: `cli-login:${loginToken}`,
+      identifier: getCliAuthCodeTokenIdentifier(loginToken),
       token: authCode,
       expires: new Date(expiresAt),
     })

freebuff/web/src/app/onboard/__tests__/helpers.test.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, test } from 'bun:test'
 import {
   buildCliAuthCode,
   getCliAuthCodeHashPrefix,
+  getCliAuthCodeTokenIdentifier,
+  getConsumedCliAuthCodeTokenIdentifier,
+  getConsumedCliAuthCodeTokenValue,
   isAuthCodeExpired,
   isOpaqueCliAuthCodeToken,
   parseAuthCode,
@@ -118,6 +121,16 @@ describe('freebuff onboard/_helpers', () => {
       )
     })
 
+    test('builds active and consumed token identifiers', () => {
+      expect(getCliAuthCodeTokenIdentifier('token-123')).toBe(
+        'cli-login:token-123',
+      )
+      expect(getConsumedCliAuthCodeTokenIdentifier('token-123')).toBe(
+        'cli-login-consumed:034192845dc489deca291f9f5ae0bb8e5472c991020bf64b3ebc6dec5a1d7e47',
+      )
+      expect(getConsumedCliAuthCodeTokenValue()).toBe('consumed')
+    })
+
     test('resolves an opaque browser token before validation', async () => {
       const expiresAt = '4102444800000'
       const fingerprintHash = genAuthCode(
@@ -134,10 +147,11 @@ describe('freebuff onboard/_helpers', () => {
 
       const result = await resolveCliAuthCode(opaqueToken, async (token) => {
         expect(token).toBe(opaqueToken)
-        return signedAuthCode
+        return { status: 'resolved', authCode: signedAuthCode }
       })
 
       expect(result).toEqual({
+        status: 'ready',
         authCode: signedAuthCode,
         resolvedOpaqueToken: true,
       })
@@ -163,16 +177,47 @@ describe('freebuff onboard/_helpers', () => {
 
       const result = await resolveCliAuthCode(signedAuthCode, async () => {
         lookedUp = true
-        return null
+        return { status: 'missing' }
       })
 
       expect(lookedUp).toBe(false)
       expect(result).toEqual({
+        status: 'ready',
         authCode: signedAuthCode,
         resolvedOpaqueToken: false,
       })
     })
 
+    test('classifies reused opaque browser tokens as already consumed', async () => {
+      const opaqueToken = 'c'.repeat(43)
+
+      const result = await resolveCliAuthCode(opaqueToken, async (token) => {
+        expect(token).toBe(opaqueToken)
+        return { status: 'already_consumed' }
+      })
+
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        status: 'already_consumed',
+        authCode: opaqueToken,
+        resolvedOpaqueToken: false,
+      })
+    })
+
+    test('keeps never-issued opaque browser tokens invalid', async () => {
+      const opaqueToken = 'd'.repeat(43)
+
+      const result = await resolveCliAuthCode(opaqueToken, async (token) => {
+        expect(token).toBe(opaqueToken)
+        return { status: 'missing' }
+      })
+
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        status: 'missing',
+        authCode: opaqueToken,
+        resolvedOpaqueToken: false,
+      })
+    })
+
     test('resolves expired stored payloads so callers can show expired', async () => {
       const expiresAt = '0'
       const fingerprintHash = genAuthCode(
@@ -186,10 +231,10 @@ describe('freebuff onboard/_helpers', () => {
         fingerprintHash,
       )
 
-      const result = await resolveCliAuthCode(
-        'b'.repeat(43),
-        async () => signedAuthCode,
-      )
+      const result = await resolveCliAuthCode('b'.repeat(43), async () => ({
+        status: 'resolved',
+        authCode: signedAuthCode,
+      }))
       const parsed = parseAuthCode(result.authCode)
 
       expect(isAuthCodeExpired(parsed.expiresAt)).toBe(true)

freebuff/web/src/app/onboard/_db.ts

@@ -6,6 +6,13 @@ import { cookies } from 'next/headers'
 
 import { logger } from '@/util/logger'
 
+import {
+  getCliAuthCodeTokenIdentifier,
+  getConsumedCliAuthCodeTokenIdentifier,
+  getConsumedCliAuthCodeTokenValue,
+  type CliAuthCodeTokenConsumeResult,
+} from './_helpers'
+
 type DbTransaction = Parameters<typeof db.transaction>[0] extends (
   tx: infer T,
 ) => any
@@ -34,15 +41,53 @@ export async function hasCliSessionForAuthHash(
 
 export async function consumeCliAuthCodeToken(
   authCodeToken: string,
-): Promise<string | null> {
-  const deleted = await db
-    .delete(schema.verificationToken)
+): Promise<CliAuthCodeTokenConsumeResult> {
+  const activeIdentifier = getCliAuthCodeTokenIdentifier(authCodeToken)
+  const consumedIdentifier =
+    getConsumedCliAuthCodeTokenIdentifier(authCodeToken)
+  const getConsumedTokenStatus =
+    async (): Promise<CliAuthCodeTokenConsumeResult> => {
+      const existingConsumed = await db
+        .select({ id: schema.verificationToken.identifier })
+        .from(schema.verificationToken)
+        .where(eq(schema.verificationToken.identifier, consumedIdentifier))
+        .limit(1)
+
+      return existingConsumed[0]
+        ? { status: 'already_consumed' }
+        : { status: 'missing' }
+    }
+
+  const active = await db
+    .select({ authCode: schema.verificationToken.token })
+    .from(schema.verificationToken)
+    .where(eq(schema.verificationToken.identifier, activeIdentifier))
+    .limit(1)
+  const authCode = active[0]?.authCode
+
+  if (!authCode) {
+    return getConsumedTokenStatus()
+  }
+
+  const consumed = await db
+    .update(schema.verificationToken)
+    .set({
+      identifier: consumedIdentifier,
+      token: getConsumedCliAuthCodeTokenValue(),
+    })
     .where(
-      eq(schema.verificationToken.identifier, `cli-login:${authCodeToken}`),
+      and(
+        eq(schema.verificationToken.identifier, activeIdentifier),
+        eq(schema.verificationToken.token, authCode),
+      ),
     )
-    .returning({ authCode: schema.verificationToken.token })
+    .returning({ id: schema.verificationToken.identifier })
+
+  if (consumed[0]) {
+    return { status: 'resolved', authCode }
+  }
 
-  return deleted[0]?.authCode ?? null
+  return getConsumedTokenStatus()
 }
 
 export async function checkFingerprintConflict(

freebuff/web/src/app/onboard/_helpers.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,13 @@ import { createHash } from 'node:crypto'
 import { genAuthCode } from '@codebuff/common/util/credentials'
 
 const OPAQUE_CLI_AUTH_CODE_TOKEN_RE = /^[A-Za-z0-9_-]{43}$/
+const CLI_AUTH_CODE_TOKEN_IDENTIFIER_PREFIX = 'cli-login:'
+const CONSUMED_CLI_AUTH_CODE_TOKEN_IDENTIFIER_PREFIX = 'cli-login-consumed:'
+const CONSUMED_CLI_AUTH_CODE_TOKEN_VALUE = 'consumed'
+
+function getCliAuthCodeHash(authCode: string): string {
+  return createHash('sha256').update(authCode.trim()).digest('hex')
+}
 
 export function buildCliAuthCode(
   fingerprintId: string,
@@ -17,26 +24,83 @@ export function isOpaqueCliAuthCodeToken(authCode: string): boolean {
 }
 
 export function getCliAuthCodeHashPrefix(authCode: string): string {
-  return createHash('sha256').update(authCode.trim()).digest('hex').slice(0, 12)
+  return getCliAuthCodeHash(authCode).slice(0, 12)
+}
+
+export function getCliAuthCodeTokenIdentifier(authCodeToken: string): string {
+  return `${CLI_AUTH_CODE_TOKEN_IDENTIFIER_PREFIX}${authCodeToken}`
+}
+
+export function getConsumedCliAuthCodeTokenIdentifier(
+  authCodeToken: string,
+): string {
+  return `${CONSUMED_CLI_AUTH_CODE_TOKEN_IDENTIFIER_PREFIX}${getCliAuthCodeHash(
+    authCodeToken,
+  )}`
 }
 
+export function getConsumedCliAuthCodeTokenValue(): string {
+  return CONSUMED_CLI_AUTH_CODE_TOKEN_VALUE
+}
+
+export type CliAuthCodeTokenConsumeResult =
+  | { status: 'resolved'; authCode: string }
+  | { status: 'already_consumed' }
+  | { status: 'missing' }
+
+export type CliAuthCodeResolution =
+  | {
+      status: 'ready'
+      authCode: string
+      resolvedOpaqueToken: boolean
+    }
+  | {
+      status: 'already_consumed'
+      authCode: string
+      resolvedOpaqueToken: false
+    }
+  | {
+      status: 'missing'
+      authCode: string
+      resolvedOpaqueToken: false
+    }
+
 export async function resolveCliAuthCode(
   authCode: string,
-  consumeCliAuthCodeToken: (authCodeToken: string) => Promise<string | null>,
-): Promise<{ authCode: string; resolvedOpaqueToken: boolean }> {
+  consumeCliAuthCodeToken: (
+    authCodeToken: string,
+  ) => Promise<CliAuthCodeTokenConsumeResult>,
+): Promise<CliAuthCodeResolution> {
   const normalizedAuthCode = authCode.trim()
   if (!isOpaqueCliAuthCodeToken(normalizedAuthCode)) {
-    return { authCode: normalizedAuthCode, resolvedOpaqueToken: false }
+    return {
+      status: 'ready',
+      authCode: normalizedAuthCode,
+      resolvedOpaqueToken: false,
+    }
   }
 
-  const signedAuthCode = await consumeCliAuthCodeToken(normalizedAuthCode)
-  if (!signedAuthCode) {
-    return { authCode: normalizedAuthCode, resolvedOpaqueToken: false }
+  const tokenResult = await consumeCliAuthCodeToken(normalizedAuthCode)
+  if (tokenResult.status === 'resolved') {
+    return {
+      status: 'ready',
+      authCode: tokenResult.authCode,
+      resolvedOpaqueToken: true,
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (tokenResult.status === 'already_consumed') {
+    return {
+      status: 'already_consumed',
+      authCode: normalizedAuthCode,
+      resolvedOpaqueToken: false,
+    }
   }
 
   return {
-    authCode: signedAuthCode,
-    resolvedOpaqueToken: true,
+    status: 'missing',
+    authCode: normalizedAuthCode,
+    resolvedOpaqueToken: false,
   }
 }
 

freebuff/web/src/app/onboard/page.tsx

@@ -99,8 +99,37 @@ const Onboard = async ({ searchParams }: PageProps) => {
     )
   }
 
-  const { authCode: resolvedAuthCode, resolvedOpaqueToken } =
-    await resolveCliAuthCode(authCode, consumeCliAuthCodeToken)
+  const authCodeResolution = await resolveCliAuthCode(
+    authCode,
+    consumeCliAuthCodeToken,
+  )
+
+  if (authCodeResolution.status === 'already_consumed') {
+    logger.info(
+      {
+        authCodeLength: authCode.length,
+        authCodeTrimmedLength: authCode.trim().length,
+        authCodeHashPrefix: getCliAuthCodeHashPrefix(authCode),
+        isOpaqueAuthCodeToken: isOpaqueCliAuthCodeToken(authCode),
+        userId: user.id,
+      },
+      'Reused Freebuff CLI auth code token',
+    )
+
+    return (
+      <StatusCard
+        title="Login link already used"
+        description="This browser login link has already been used."
+        message="Return to your terminal to continue, or restart Freebuff if it is still waiting for login."
+      />
+    )
+  }
+
+  const {
+    authCode: resolvedAuthCode,
+    resolvedOpaqueToken,
+    status: authCodeResolutionStatus,
+  } = authCodeResolution
   const { fingerprintId, expiresAt, receivedHash } =
     parseAuthCode(resolvedAuthCode)
   const { valid, expectedHash: fingerprintHash } = validateAuthCode(
@@ -117,6 +146,7 @@ const Onboard = async ({ searchParams }: PageProps) => {
         authCodeTrimmedLength: authCode.trim().length,
         authCodeHashPrefix: getCliAuthCodeHashPrefix(authCode),
         isOpaqueAuthCodeToken: isOpaqueCliAuthCodeToken(authCode),
+        authCodeResolutionStatus,
         resolvedAuthCode: resolvedOpaqueToken,
         resolvedAuthCodeLength: resolvedAuthCode.length,
         userId: user.id,

web/src/app/api/auth/cli/code/route.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { z } from 'zod/v4'
 import {
   buildCliAuthCode,
   getCliAuthCodeHashPrefix,
+  getCliAuthCodeTokenIdentifier,
 } from '@/app/onboard/_helpers'
 import { logger } from '@/util/logger'
 
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ export async function POST(req: Request) {
     const loginToken = randomBytes(32).toString('base64url')
 
     await db.insert(schema.verificationToken).values({
-      identifier: `cli-login:${loginToken}`,
+      identifier: getCliAuthCodeTokenIdentifier(loginToken),
       token: authCode,
       expires: new Date(expiresAt),
     })