From 7214ceecdc2555f30b27b429243ec2329437bb08 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 20:26:31 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 001/124] Add serialization module foundation: types, codec interface, format prefix MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Start of the serialization refactor (separate from snapshot-runtime). New files: - serialization/types.ts — SerializationFormat enum, SerializableSpecial interface, Reducers/Revivers types - serialization/codec.ts — Codec interface with formatPrefix, serialize, deserialize, and optional deserializeLegacy - serialization/format.ts — Format prefix encode/decode/peek, moved from the monolithic serialization.ts The Codec interface enables future alternative formats (CBOR, JSON) while keeping the devalue implementation as the current default. --- packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts | 43 ++++++++ packages/core/src/serialization/format.ts | 118 ++++++++++++++++++++++ packages/core/src/serialization/types.ts | 92 +++++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 253 insertions(+) create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/format.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/types.ts diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5c432ebb40 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +/** + * Codec interface for serialization formats. + * + * A codec handles the core serialize/deserialize logic for a specific + * wire format (devalue, CBOR, JSON, etc.). The format prefix, encryption, + * and mode-specific reducers/revivers are handled at a higher layer. + */ + +import type { Reducers, Revivers, SerializationFormatType } from './types.js'; + +export interface Codec { + /** The 4-character format prefix identifier (e.g. "devl", "cbor", "json") */ + readonly formatPrefix: SerializationFormatType; + + /** + * Serialize a value to bytes using the given reducers for custom types. + * + * @param value - The value to serialize + * @param reducers - Type-specific reducers (e.g. Date → ISO string) + * @returns The serialized payload (without format prefix — that's added by the format layer) + */ + serialize(value: unknown, reducers: Partial): Uint8Array; + + /** + * Deserialize bytes back to a value using the given revivers for custom types. + * + * @param data - The serialized payload (without format prefix) + * @param revivers - Type-specific revivers (e.g. ISO string → Date) + * @returns The deserialized value + */ + deserialize(data: Uint8Array, revivers: Partial): unknown; + + /** + * Deserialize legacy (pre-format-prefix) data. + * Used for backwards compatibility with specVersion 1 runs that stored + * data as plain JSON arrays instead of binary. + * + * @param data - The legacy data (typically a JSON array from devalue's unflatten format) + * @param revivers - Type-specific revivers + * @returns The deserialized value + */ + deserializeLegacy?(data: unknown, revivers: Partial): unknown; +} diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/format.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/format.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..da2cb5d70f --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/format.ts @@ -0,0 +1,118 @@ +/** + * Format prefix system for serialized payloads. + * + * All serialized payloads are prefixed with a 4-byte format identifier that + * allows the deserializer to determine how to decode the payload. This enables: + * + * 1. Self-describing payloads — the World layer is agnostic to serialization format + * 2. Gradual migration — old runs keep working, new runs can use new formats + * 3. Composability — encryption can wrap any format ("encr" wrapping "devl") + * 4. Debugging — raw data inspection immediately reveals the format + * + * Format: [4 bytes: format identifier][payload] + */ + +import { WorkflowRuntimeError } from '@workflow/errors'; +import { SerializationFormat, type SerializationFormatType } from './types.js'; + +/** Length of the format prefix in bytes */ +const FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH = 4; + +const formatEncoder = new TextEncoder(); +const formatDecoder = new TextDecoder(); + +/** + * Encode a payload with a format prefix. + * + * @param format - The format identifier (must be exactly 4 ASCII characters) + * @param payload - The serialized payload bytes + * @returns A new Uint8Array with format prefix prepended + */ +export function encodeWithFormatPrefix( + format: SerializationFormatType, + payload: Uint8Array | unknown +): Uint8Array | unknown { + if (!(payload instanceof Uint8Array)) { + return payload; + } + + const prefixBytes = formatEncoder.encode(format); + if (prefixBytes.length !== FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH) { + throw new Error( + `Format identifier must be exactly ${FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH} ASCII characters, got "${format}" (${prefixBytes.length} bytes)` + ); + } + + const result = new Uint8Array(FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH + payload.length); + result.set(prefixBytes, 0); + result.set(payload, FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH); + return result; +} + +/** + * Peek at the format prefix without consuming it. + * + * @param data - The format-prefixed data + * @returns The format identifier, or null if data is legacy/non-binary + */ +export function peekFormatPrefix( + data: Uint8Array | unknown +): SerializationFormatType | null { + if (!(data instanceof Uint8Array) || data.length < FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH) { + return null; + } + const prefixBytes = data.subarray(0, FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH); + const format = formatDecoder.decode(prefixBytes); + const knownFormats = Object.values(SerializationFormat) as string[]; + if (!knownFormats.includes(format)) { + return null; + } + return format as SerializationFormatType; +} + +/** + * Check if data is encrypted (has 'encr' format prefix). + */ +export function isEncrypted(data: Uint8Array | unknown): boolean { + return peekFormatPrefix(data) === SerializationFormat.ENCRYPTED; +} + +/** + * Decode a format-prefixed payload. + * + * @param data - The format-prefixed data + * @returns An object with the format identifier and payload + * @throws Error if the data is too short or has an unknown format + */ +export function decodeFormatPrefix(data: Uint8Array | unknown): { + format: SerializationFormatType; + payload: Uint8Array; +} { + // Compat for legacy specVersion 1 runs that don't have a format prefix, + // and don't have a binary payload + if (!(data instanceof Uint8Array)) { + return { + format: SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, + payload: new TextEncoder().encode(JSON.stringify(data)), + }; + } + + if (data.length < FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH) { + throw new Error( + `Data too short to contain format prefix: expected at least ${FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH} bytes, got ${data.length}` + ); + } + + const prefixBytes = data.subarray(0, FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH); + const format = formatDecoder.decode(prefixBytes); + + const knownFormats = Object.values(SerializationFormat) as string[]; + if (!knownFormats.includes(format)) { + throw new WorkflowRuntimeError( + `Unknown serialization format: "${format}". Known formats: ${knownFormats.join(', ')}` + ); + } + + const payload = data.subarray(FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH); + return { format: format as SerializationFormatType, payload }; +} diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/types.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/types.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c12c5a2cf3 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/types.ts @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +/** + * Shared types for the serialization system. + */ + +/** + * Known serialization format identifiers. + * Each format ID is exactly 4 ASCII characters, matching the convention + * used for other workflow IDs (wrun, step, wait, etc.) + */ +export const SerializationFormat = { + /** devalue stringify/parse with TextEncoder/TextDecoder */ + DEVALUE_V1: 'devl', + /** Encrypted payload (inner payload has its own format prefix) */ + ENCRYPTED: 'encr', + // Future formats (reserved): + // JSON: 'json', // JSON serialization (Python runtime compat) + // CBOR: 'cbor', // CBOR binary serialization +} as const; + +export type SerializationFormatType = + (typeof SerializationFormat)[keyof typeof SerializationFormat]; + +/** + * Types that need specialized handling when serialized/deserialized. + * If a type is added here, it MUST also be added to the `Serializable` + * type in `schemas.ts`. + */ +export interface SerializableSpecial { + ArrayBuffer: string; // base64 string + BigInt: string; // string representation of bigint + BigInt64Array: string; // base64 string + BigUint64Array: string; // base64 string + Date: string; // ISO string + Float32Array: string; // base64 string + Float64Array: string; // base64 string + Error: Record; + Headers: [string, string][]; + Int8Array: string; // base64 string + Int16Array: string; // base64 string + Int32Array: string; // base64 string + Map: [any, any][]; + ReadableStream: + | { name: string; type?: 'bytes'; startIndex?: number } + | { bodyInit: any }; + RegExp: { source: string; flags: string }; + Request: { + method: string; + url: string; + headers: Headers; + body: Request['body']; + duplex: Request['duplex']; + responseWritable?: WritableStream; + }; + Response: { + type: Response['type']; + url: string; + status: number; + statusText: string; + headers: Headers; + body: Response['body']; + redirected: boolean; + }; + Class: { + classId: string; + }; + Instance: { + classId: string; + data: unknown; + }; + Set: any[]; + StepFunction: { + stepId: string; + closureVars?: Record; + }; + URL: string; + URLSearchParams: string; + Uint8Array: string; // base64 string + Uint8ClampedArray: string; // base64 string + Uint16Array: string; // base64 string + Uint32Array: string; // base64 string + WritableStream: { name: string }; +} + +export type Reducers = { + [K in keyof SerializableSpecial]: ( + value: any + ) => SerializableSpecial[K] | false; +}; + +export type Revivers = { + [K in keyof SerializableSpecial]: (value: SerializableSpecial[K]) => any; +}; From b087546a45b030f902253fa9db3b60e4a065e482 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 22:57:44 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 002/124] Add reducers, devalue codec, encryption, and mode-specific modules MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Serialization refactor Phase 1: create the new module structure alongside the existing monolithic serialization.ts (which continues to work). New files: - serialization/reducers/common.ts — Date, Error, Map, Set, URL, BigInt, typed arrays, Headers, Request, Response, RegExp, URLSearchParams - serialization/reducers/class.ts — Class/Instance with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/ DESERIALIZE support - serialization/reducers/step-function.ts — StepFunction with closure vars - serialization/codec-devalue.ts — devalue Codec implementation - serialization/encryption.ts — composable encrypt/decrypt layer - serialization/workflow.ts — synchronous, no encryption, for VM use - serialization/step.ts — async with encryption, for step handler - serialization/client.ts — async with encryption, for start() API - serialization/index.ts — re-exports all public API - serialization/serialization.test.ts — 25 focused tests All modes compose their reducer/reviver sets from the shared building blocks. Cross-mode compatibility verified: data serialized in any mode can be deserialized in any other mode (for common types). Existing 108 serialization tests continue to pass unchanged. --- packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts | 131 +++++++++ .../core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts | 47 ++++ packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts | 65 +++++ packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts | 53 ++++ .../core/src/serialization/reducers/class.ts | 84 ++++++ .../core/src/serialization/reducers/common.ts | 191 +++++++++++++ .../serialization/reducers/step-function.ts | 70 +++++ .../src/serialization/serialization.test.ts | 254 ++++++++++++++++++ packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts | 127 +++++++++ packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts | 127 +++++++++ 10 files changed, 1149 insertions(+) create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/class.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/step-function.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/serialization.test.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5d07bbb715 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts @@ -0,0 +1,131 @@ +/** + * Client (external) mode serialization. + * + * Used when starting workflows from the client side (serializing workflow + * arguments) and when receiving workflow return values. Supports encryption. + */ + +import { WorkflowRuntimeError } from '@workflow/errors'; +import { DevalueError } from 'devalue'; +import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; +import { devalueCodec } from './codec-devalue.js'; +import { + encrypt as encryptData, + decrypt as decryptData, + type CryptoKey, +} from './encryption.js'; +import { decodeFormatPrefix, encodeWithFormatPrefix } from './format.js'; +import { getClassReducers, getClassRevivers } from './reducers/class.js'; +import { getCommonReducers, getCommonRevivers } from './reducers/common.js'; +import { SerializationFormat, type Reducers, type Revivers } from './types.js'; + +// ---- Reducer/Reviver composition ---- + +function getClientReducers( + global: Record = globalThis +): Partial { + return { + ...getCommonReducers(global), + ...getClassReducers(), + // Note: Stream reducers for client mode need additional parameters + // (ops, runId, cryptoKey). These are composed at call sites that + // need stream support. + }; +} + +function getClientRevivers( + global: Record = globalThis +): Partial { + return { + ...getCommonRevivers(global), + ...getClassRevivers(global), + // StepFunction reviver throws in client context — step functions + // should not be returned from workflows to clients. + StepFunction: () => { + throw new Error( + 'Step functions cannot be deserialized in client context. Step functions should not be returned from workflows.' + ); + }, + }; +} + +// ---- Public API ---- + +/** + * Serialize a value from the client environment (e.g. workflow arguments). + * + * @param value - The value to serialize + * @param encryptionKey - Optional encryption key + * @returns Format-prefixed (and optionally encrypted) serialized bytes + */ +export async function serialize( + value: unknown, + encryptionKey?: CryptoKey +): Promise { + try { + const payload = devalueCodec.serialize(value, getClientReducers()); + const prefixed = encodeWithFormatPrefix( + SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, + payload + ) as Uint8Array; + return encryptData(prefixed, encryptionKey); + } catch (error) { + throw new WorkflowRuntimeError( + formatSerializationError('client value', error), + { slug: 'serialization-failed', cause: error } + ); + } +} + +/** + * Deserialize a value for the client environment (e.g. workflow return value). + * + * @param data - Format-prefixed (and optionally encrypted) serialized bytes + * @param encryptionKey - Optional encryption key + * @returns The deserialized value + */ +export async function deserialize( + data: Uint8Array | unknown, + encryptionKey?: CryptoKey +): Promise { + const decrypted = await decryptData(data, encryptionKey); + + // Legacy specVersion 1: data is not binary + if (!(decrypted instanceof Uint8Array)) { + if (devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy) { + return devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy(decrypted, getClientRevivers()); + } + throw new Error( + 'Cannot deserialize non-binary data without legacy support' + ); + } + + const { format, payload } = decodeFormatPrefix(decrypted); + + if (format === SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1) { + return devalueCodec.deserialize(payload, getClientRevivers()); + } + + throw new Error(`Unsupported serialization format: ${format}`); +} + +// ---- Helpers ---- + +function formatSerializationError(context: string, error: unknown): string { + const verb = context.includes('return value') ? 'returning' : 'passing'; + + let message = `Failed to serialize ${context}`; + if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.path) { + message += ` at path "${error.path}"`; + } + message += `. Ensure you're ${verb} serializable types (plain objects, arrays, primitives, Date, RegExp, Map, Set).`; + + if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.value !== undefined) { + runtimeLogger.error('Serialization failed', { + context, + problematicValue: error.value, + }); + } + + return message; +} diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6940e3831d --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +/** + * Devalue codec implementation. + * + * Uses the `devalue` library for serialization with custom reducers/revivers + * for Workflow DevKit types (Date, Error, Map, Set, typed arrays, classes, etc.). + */ + +import { parse, stringify, unflatten } from 'devalue'; +import { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; +import type { Codec } from './codec.js'; +import type { Reducers, Revivers } from './types.js'; + +const encoder = new TextEncoder(); +const decoder = new TextDecoder(); + +/** + * The devalue codec. Serializes values to a UTF-8 encoded string using + * devalue's `stringify()` and deserializes using `parse()`. + * + * Custom types are handled via reducers (serialize) and revivers (deserialize) + * which are composed by the mode-specific modules (workflow, step, client). + */ +export const devalueCodec: Codec = { + formatPrefix: SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, + + serialize(value: unknown, reducers: Partial): Uint8Array { + const str = stringify( + value, + reducers as Record any> + ); + return encoder.encode(str); + }, + + deserialize(data: Uint8Array, revivers: Partial): unknown { + const str = decoder.decode(data); + return parse(str, revivers as Record any>); + }, + + deserializeLegacy(data: unknown, revivers: Partial): unknown { + // Legacy specVersion 1 runs stored data as plain JSON arrays + // (devalue's unflatten format, not binary) + return unflatten( + data as any[], + revivers as Record any> + ); + }, +}; diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b4381e3a97 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +/** + * Composable encryption layer for serialized data. + * + * Wraps/unwraps serialized payloads with AES-256-GCM encryption, + * using the format prefix system to mark encrypted data. + */ + +import { + decrypt as aesGcmDecrypt, + encrypt as aesGcmEncrypt, + type CryptoKey, +} from '../encryption.js'; +import { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; +import { + decodeFormatPrefix, + encodeWithFormatPrefix, + peekFormatPrefix, +} from './format.js'; + +export type { CryptoKey }; + +/** + * Encryption key parameter type. Accepts a resolved key, undefined (no encryption), + * or a promise that resolves to either. + */ +export type EncryptionKeyParam = + | CryptoKey + | undefined + | Promise; + +/** + * Encrypt a format-prefixed payload if a key is provided. + * Wraps the data with the 'encr' format prefix. + * + * @param data - The format-prefixed serialized data + * @param key - Encryption key (undefined to skip encryption) + * @returns The encrypted data with 'encr' prefix, or the original data if no key + */ +export async function encrypt( + data: Uint8Array | unknown, + key: CryptoKey | undefined +): Promise { + if (!key || !(data instanceof Uint8Array)) return data; + const encrypted = await aesGcmEncrypt(key, data); + return encodeWithFormatPrefix(SerializationFormat.ENCRYPTED, encrypted); +} + +/** + * Decrypt a format-prefixed payload if it's encrypted. + * Strips the 'encr' format prefix and decrypts the inner payload. + * + * @param data - The potentially encrypted data + * @param key - Encryption key (undefined to skip decryption) + * @returns The decrypted inner payload, or the original data if not encrypted + */ +export async function decrypt( + data: Uint8Array | unknown, + key: CryptoKey | undefined +): Promise { + if (!key || !(data instanceof Uint8Array)) return data; + if (peekFormatPrefix(data) !== SerializationFormat.ENCRYPTED) return data; + + const { payload } = decodeFormatPrefix(data); + return aesGcmDecrypt(key, payload); +} diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2378e04c71 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +/** + * Serialization module — public API. + * + * Re-exports the mode-specific serialize/deserialize functions and + * provides backwards-compatible aliases for the legacy function names. + */ + +// Re-export types +export type { + SerializationFormatType, + SerializableSpecial, + Reducers, + Revivers, +} from './types.js'; +export { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; + +// Re-export format prefix utilities +export { + encodeWithFormatPrefix, + decodeFormatPrefix, + peekFormatPrefix, + isEncrypted, +} from './format.js'; + +// Re-export codec +export type { Codec } from './codec.js'; +export { devalueCodec } from './codec-devalue.js'; + +// Re-export encryption +export { + encrypt, + decrypt, + type CryptoKey, + type EncryptionKeyParam, +} from './encryption.js'; + +// Re-export mode-specific modules as namespaces +import * as workflow from './workflow.js'; +import * as step from './step.js'; +import * as client from './client.js'; +export { workflow, step, client }; + +// Re-export reducers for direct composition (used by stream framing, etc.) +export { + getCommonReducers, + getCommonRevivers, + revive, +} from './reducers/common.js'; +export { getClassReducers, getClassRevivers } from './reducers/class.js'; +export { + getStepFunctionReducer, + getStepFunctionReviver, +} from './reducers/step-function.js'; diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/class.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/class.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8a22bc03b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/class.ts @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +/** + * Reducers and revivers for custom class serialization. + * + * Handles: + * - Class: class constructors with a `classId` property + * - Instance: instances of classes with custom WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/DESERIALIZE methods + */ + +import { WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE, WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE } from '@workflow/serde'; +import { getSerializationClass } from '../../class-serialization.js'; +import type { Reducers, Revivers } from '../types.js'; + +// ---- Reducers ---- + +export function getClassReducers(): Partial { + return { + // Class and Instance are intentionally placed before Error so that + // custom Error subclasses with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE take precedence + // over the generic Error serialization (devalue uses first-match-wins). + Class: (value) => { + if (typeof value !== 'function') return false; + const classId = (value as any).classId; + if (typeof classId !== 'string') return false; + return { classId }; + }, + Instance: (value) => { + if (value === null || typeof value !== 'object') return false; + const cls = value.constructor; + if (!cls || typeof cls !== 'function') return false; + + const serialize = cls[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE]; + if (typeof serialize !== 'function') return false; + + const classId = cls.classId; + if (typeof classId !== 'string') { + throw new Error( + `Class "${cls.name}" with ${String(WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE)} must have a static "classId" property.` + ); + } + + const data = serialize.call(cls, value); + return { classId, data }; + }, + }; +} + +// ---- Revivers ---- + +export function getClassRevivers( + global: Record = globalThis +): Partial { + return { + Class: (value) => { + const classId = value.classId; + const cls = getSerializationClass(classId, global); + if (!cls) { + throw new Error( + `Class "${classId}" not found. Make sure the class is registered with registerSerializationClass.` + ); + } + return cls; + }, + Instance: (value) => { + const classId = value.classId; + const data = value.data; + + const cls = getSerializationClass(classId, global); + if (!cls) { + throw new Error( + `Class "${classId}" not found. Make sure the class is registered with registerSerializationClass.` + ); + } + + const deserialize = (cls as any)[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]; + if (typeof deserialize !== 'function') { + throw new Error( + `Class "${classId}" does not have a static ${String(WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE)} method.` + ); + } + + return deserialize.call(cls, data); + }, + }; +} diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f90692c9b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common.ts @@ -0,0 +1,191 @@ +/** + * Common reducers and revivers for types shared across all serialization modes. + * + * Handles: ArrayBuffer, BigInt, typed arrays, Date, Error, Headers, Map, Set, + * RegExp, Request, Response, URL, URLSearchParams. + * + * Note: Uses Node.js Buffer for base64 encoding/decoding. For environments + * without Buffer (e.g. QuickJS VM), a polyfill or alternative base64 + * implementation will be needed. + */ + +import { types } from 'node:util'; +import { WEBHOOK_RESPONSE_WRITABLE } from '../../symbols.js'; +import type { Reducers, Revivers, SerializableSpecial } from '../types.js'; + +// ---- Base64 helpers ---- + +function arrayBufferToBase64( + value: ArrayBufferLike, + offset: number, + length: number +): string { + // Avoid returning falsy value for zero-length buffers + if (length === 0) return '.'; + // Create a proper copy to avoid ArrayBuffer detachment issues + const uint8 = new Uint8Array(value, offset, length); + return Buffer.from(uint8).toString('base64'); +} + +function viewToBase64(value: ArrayBufferView): string { + return arrayBufferToBase64(value.buffer, value.byteOffset, value.byteLength); +} + +function reviveArrayBuffer( + value: string, + global: Record +): ArrayBuffer { + const base64 = value === '.' ? '' : value; + const buffer = Buffer.from(base64, 'base64'); + const arrayBuffer = new global.ArrayBuffer(buffer.length); + const uint8Array = new global.Uint8Array(arrayBuffer); + uint8Array.set(buffer); + return arrayBuffer; +} + +function revive(str: string) { + // biome-ignore lint/security/noGlobalEval: Eval is safe here - we are only passing value from `devalue.stringify()` + // biome-ignore lint/complexity/noCommaOperator: This is how you do global scope eval + return (0, eval)(`(${str})`); +} + +// ---- Reducers ---- + +export function getCommonReducers( + global: Record = globalThis +): Partial { + return { + ArrayBuffer: (value) => + value instanceof global.ArrayBuffer && + arrayBufferToBase64(value, 0, value.byteLength), + BigInt: (value) => typeof value === 'bigint' && value.toString(), + BigInt64Array: (value) => + value instanceof global.BigInt64Array && viewToBase64(value), + BigUint64Array: (value) => + value instanceof global.BigUint64Array && viewToBase64(value), + Date: (value) => { + if (!(value instanceof global.Date)) return false; + const valid = !Number.isNaN(value.getDate()); + return valid ? value.toISOString() : '.'; + }, + Error: (value) => { + // Use types.isNativeError() instead of `instanceof global.Error` + // because errors may originate from a different VM context. + if (!types.isNativeError(value)) return false; + return { + name: value.name, + message: value.message, + stack: value.stack, + }; + }, + Float32Array: (value) => + value instanceof global.Float32Array && viewToBase64(value), + Float64Array: (value) => + value instanceof global.Float64Array && viewToBase64(value), + Headers: (value) => value instanceof global.Headers && Array.from(value), + Int8Array: (value) => + value instanceof global.Int8Array && viewToBase64(value), + Int16Array: (value) => + value instanceof global.Int16Array && viewToBase64(value), + Int32Array: (value) => + value instanceof global.Int32Array && viewToBase64(value), + Map: (value) => value instanceof global.Map && Array.from(value), + RegExp: (value) => + value instanceof global.RegExp && { + source: value.source, + flags: value.flags, + }, + Request: (value) => { + if (!(value instanceof global.Request)) return false; + const data: SerializableSpecial['Request'] = { + method: value.method, + url: value.url, + headers: value.headers, + body: value.body, + duplex: value.duplex, + }; + const responseWritable = value[WEBHOOK_RESPONSE_WRITABLE]; + if (responseWritable) { + data.responseWritable = responseWritable; + } + return data; + }, + Response: (value) => { + if (!(value instanceof global.Response)) return false; + return { + type: value.type, + url: value.url, + status: value.status, + statusText: value.statusText, + headers: value.headers, + body: value.body, + redirected: value.redirected, + }; + }, + Set: (value) => value instanceof global.Set && Array.from(value), + URL: (value) => value instanceof global.URL && value.href, + URLSearchParams: (value) => { + if (!(value instanceof global.URLSearchParams)) return false; + if (value.size === 0) return '.'; + return String(value); + }, + Uint8Array: (value) => + value instanceof global.Uint8Array && viewToBase64(value), + Uint8ClampedArray: (value) => + value instanceof global.Uint8ClampedArray && viewToBase64(value), + Uint16Array: (value) => + value instanceof global.Uint16Array && viewToBase64(value), + Uint32Array: (value) => + value instanceof global.Uint32Array && viewToBase64(value), + }; +} + +// ---- Revivers ---- + +export function getCommonRevivers( + global: Record = globalThis +): Partial { + return { + ArrayBuffer: (value: string) => reviveArrayBuffer(value, global), + BigInt: (value: string) => global.BigInt(value), + BigInt64Array: (value: string) => + new global.BigInt64Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value, global)), + BigUint64Array: (value: string) => + new global.BigUint64Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value, global)), + Date: (value) => new global.Date(value), + Error: (value) => { + const error = new global.Error(value.message); + error.name = value.name; + error.stack = value.stack; + return error; + }, + Float32Array: (value: string) => + new global.Float32Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value, global)), + Float64Array: (value: string) => + new global.Float64Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value, global)), + Headers: (value) => new global.Headers(value), + Int8Array: (value: string) => + new global.Int8Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value, global)), + Int16Array: (value: string) => + new global.Int16Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value, global)), + Int32Array: (value: string) => + new global.Int32Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value, global)), + Map: (value) => new global.Map(value), + RegExp: (value) => new global.RegExp(value.source, value.flags), + Set: (value) => new global.Set(value), + URL: (value) => new global.URL(value), + URLSearchParams: (value) => + new global.URLSearchParams(value === '.' ? '' : value), + Uint8Array: (value: string) => + new global.Uint8Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value, global)), + Uint8ClampedArray: (value: string) => + new global.Uint8ClampedArray(reviveArrayBuffer(value, global)), + Uint16Array: (value: string) => + new global.Uint16Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value, global)), + Uint32Array: (value: string) => + new global.Uint32Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value, global)), + }; +} + +// Re-export for use in legacy compat +export { revive }; diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/step-function.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/step-function.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8b2f521ed1 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/step-function.ts @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +/** + * Reducer and reviver for step function references. + * + * In workflow mode, step functions are replaced by the SWC plugin with + * proxies created by `globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")]("stepId")`. + * These proxies have a `.stepId` property and optionally a `.__closureVarsFn` + * for captured closure variables. + * + * The reducer serializes them as `{ stepId, closureVars? }`. + * The reviver reconstructs them by calling WORKFLOW_USE_STEP. + */ + +import type { Reducers, Revivers } from '../types.js'; + +// ---- Reducer ---- + +export function getStepFunctionReducer(): Partial { + return { + StepFunction: (value) => { + if (typeof value !== 'function') return false; + const stepId = (value as any).stepId; + if (typeof stepId !== 'string') return false; + + const closureVarsFn = (value as any).__closureVarsFn; + if (closureVarsFn && typeof closureVarsFn === 'function') { + const closureVars = closureVarsFn(); + return { stepId, closureVars }; + } + + return { stepId }; + }, + }; +} + +// ---- Reviver ---- + +/** + * Create the StepFunction reviver for workflow context. + * + * The reviver calls WORKFLOW_USE_STEP to create the step proxy, + * restoring the ability to call the step from workflow code. + */ +export function getStepFunctionReviver( + global: Record = globalThis +): Partial { + const useStep = (global as any)[Symbol.for('WORKFLOW_USE_STEP')] as + | (( + stepId: string, + closureVarsFn?: () => Record + ) => (...args: unknown[]) => Promise) + | undefined; + + return { + StepFunction: (value) => { + const stepId = value.stepId; + const closureVars = value.closureVars; + + if (!useStep) { + throw new Error( + 'WORKFLOW_USE_STEP not found on global object. Step functions cannot be deserialized outside workflow context.' + ); + } + + if (closureVars) { + return useStep(stepId, () => closureVars); + } + return useStep(stepId); + }, + }; +} diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/serialization.test.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/serialization.test.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d693193f26 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/serialization.test.ts @@ -0,0 +1,254 @@ +import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'; +import * as workflow from './workflow.js'; +import * as step from './step.js'; +import * as client from './client.js'; +import { devalueCodec } from './codec-devalue.js'; +import { + encodeWithFormatPrefix, + decodeFormatPrefix, + peekFormatPrefix, + isEncrypted, +} from './format.js'; +import { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; +import { importKey } from '../encryption.js'; + +// ---- Format prefix ---- + +describe('format prefix', () => { + it('should encode and decode format prefix', () => { + const payload = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]); + const encoded = encodeWithFormatPrefix( + SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, + payload + ) as Uint8Array; + + expect(encoded.length).toBe(4 + 3); + const decoded = decodeFormatPrefix(encoded); + expect(decoded.format).toBe('devl'); + expect(decoded.payload).toEqual(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3])); + }); + + it('should peek format prefix', () => { + const payload = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]); + const encoded = encodeWithFormatPrefix( + SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, + payload + ) as Uint8Array; + + expect(peekFormatPrefix(encoded)).toBe('devl'); + expect(peekFormatPrefix(new Uint8Array([0, 0, 0, 0]))).toBeNull(); + expect(peekFormatPrefix('not binary')).toBeNull(); + }); + + it('should detect encrypted data', () => { + const payload = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]); + const devl = encodeWithFormatPrefix( + SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, + payload + ); + const encr = encodeWithFormatPrefix(SerializationFormat.ENCRYPTED, payload); + + expect(isEncrypted(devl)).toBe(false); + expect(isEncrypted(encr)).toBe(true); + }); +}); + +// ---- Devalue codec ---- + +describe('devalue codec', () => { + it('should have the correct format prefix', () => { + expect(devalueCodec.formatPrefix).toBe('devl'); + }); + + it('should round-trip primitives', () => { + for (const value of [42, 'hello', true, null]) { + const serialized = devalueCodec.serialize(value, {}); + const deserialized = devalueCodec.deserialize(serialized, {}); + expect(deserialized).toEqual(value); + } + }); + + it('should round-trip with Date reducer/reviver', () => { + const date = new Date('2025-01-01T00:00:00Z'); + const reducers = { + Date: (v: any) => (v instanceof Date ? v.toISOString() : false), + }; + const revivers = { + Date: (v: any) => new Date(v), + }; + + const serialized = devalueCodec.serialize(date, reducers); + const deserialized = devalueCodec.deserialize(serialized, revivers) as Date; + expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Date); + expect(deserialized.toISOString()).toBe('2025-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'); + }); +}); + +// ---- Workflow mode ---- + +describe('workflow.serialize / workflow.deserialize', () => { + it('should round-trip primitives', () => { + expect(workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(42))).toBe(42); + expect(workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize('hello'))).toBe('hello'); + expect(workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(true))).toBe(true); + expect(workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(null))).toBe(null); + }); + + it('should round-trip arrays and objects', () => { + const value = { a: 1, b: [2, 3], c: { d: 'e' } }; + expect(workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(value))).toEqual(value); + }); + + it('should round-trip Date', () => { + const date = new Date('2025-06-15T12:00:00Z'); + const result = workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(date)) as Date; + expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(Date); + expect(result.toISOString()).toBe('2025-06-15T12:00:00.000Z'); + }); + + it('should round-trip Error', () => { + const err = new TypeError('test error'); + const result = workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(err)) as Error; + expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(Error); + expect(result.name).toBe('TypeError'); + expect(result.message).toBe('test error'); + }); + + it('should round-trip Map', () => { + const map = new Map([ + ['a', 1], + ['b', 2], + ]); + const result = workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(map)) as Map< + string, + number + >; + expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(Map); + expect(result.get('a')).toBe(1); + expect(result.get('b')).toBe(2); + }); + + it('should round-trip Set', () => { + const set = new Set([1, 2, 3]); + const result = workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(set)) as Set; + expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(Set); + expect(result.has(1)).toBe(true); + expect(result.has(3)).toBe(true); + }); + + it('should round-trip BigInt', () => { + const value = 9007199254740993n; + const result = workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(value)); + expect(result).toBe(value); + }); + + it('should round-trip Uint8Array', () => { + const value = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]); + const result = workflow.deserialize( + workflow.serialize(value) + ) as Uint8Array; + expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(Uint8Array); + expect(Array.from(result)).toEqual([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]); + }); + + it('should round-trip URL', () => { + const url = new URL('https://example.com/path?q=1'); + const result = workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(url)) as URL; + expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(URL); + expect(result.href).toBe('https://example.com/path?q=1'); + }); + + it('should round-trip RegExp', () => { + const re = /foo.*bar/gi; + const result = workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(re)) as RegExp; + expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(RegExp); + expect(result.source).toBe('foo.*bar'); + expect(result.flags).toBe('gi'); + }); + + it('should produce format-prefixed output', () => { + const serialized = workflow.serialize(42); + expect(serialized).toBeInstanceOf(Uint8Array); + expect(peekFormatPrefix(serialized)).toBe('devl'); + }); +}); + +// ---- Step mode ---- + +describe('step.serialize / step.deserialize', () => { + it('should round-trip primitives', async () => { + const serialized = await step.serialize(42); + const result = await step.deserialize(serialized); + expect(result).toBe(42); + }); + + it('should round-trip Date', async () => { + const date = new Date('2025-01-01'); + const serialized = await step.serialize(date); + const result = (await step.deserialize(serialized)) as Date; + expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(Date); + expect(result.toISOString()).toContain('2025-01-01'); + }); + + it('should support encryption round-trip', async () => { + const rawKey = new Uint8Array(32); + rawKey.fill(0x42); + const key = await importKey(rawKey); + + const value = { secret: 'data', count: 42 }; + const encrypted = await step.serialize(value, key); + + // Should be encrypted + expect(isEncrypted(encrypted)).toBe(true); + + // Should decrypt and deserialize correctly + const result = await step.deserialize(encrypted, key); + expect(result).toEqual(value); + }); +}); + +// ---- Client mode ---- + +describe('client.serialize / client.deserialize', () => { + it('should round-trip primitives', async () => { + const serialized = await client.serialize(42); + const result = await client.deserialize(serialized); + expect(result).toBe(42); + }); + + it('should round-trip complex values', async () => { + const value = { items: [1, 'two', new Date('2025-01-01')] }; + const serialized = await client.serialize(value); + const result = (await client.deserialize(serialized)) as any; + expect(result.items[0]).toBe(1); + expect(result.items[1]).toBe('two'); + expect(result.items[2]).toBeInstanceOf(Date); + }); +}); + +// ---- Cross-mode compatibility ---- + +describe('cross-mode serialization', () => { + it('workflow serialize → step deserialize', async () => { + const value = { x: 42, date: new Date('2025-01-01') }; + const serialized = workflow.serialize(value); + const result = (await step.deserialize(serialized)) as any; + expect(result.x).toBe(42); + expect(result.date).toBeInstanceOf(Date); + }); + + it('step serialize → workflow deserialize', async () => { + const value = { y: 'hello', set: new Set([1, 2]) }; + const serialized = await step.serialize(value); + const result = workflow.deserialize(serialized) as any; + expect(result.y).toBe('hello'); + expect(result.set).toBeInstanceOf(Set); + }); + + it('client serialize → workflow deserialize', async () => { + const value = [1, 'two', true]; + const serialized = await client.serialize(value); + const result = workflow.deserialize(serialized); + expect(result).toEqual(value); + }); +}); diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..84835572fe --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +/** + * Step mode serialization. + * + * Used by the step handler for serializing step return values and + * deserializing step arguments. Supports encryption as a composable layer. + */ + +import { WorkflowRuntimeError } from '@workflow/errors'; +import { DevalueError } from 'devalue'; +import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; +import { devalueCodec } from './codec-devalue.js'; +import { + encrypt as encryptData, + decrypt as decryptData, + type CryptoKey, +} from './encryption.js'; +import { decodeFormatPrefix, encodeWithFormatPrefix } from './format.js'; +import { getClassReducers, getClassRevivers } from './reducers/class.js'; +import { getCommonReducers, getCommonRevivers } from './reducers/common.js'; +import { SerializationFormat, type Reducers, type Revivers } from './types.js'; + +// ---- Reducer/Reviver composition ---- + +function getStepReducers( + global: Record = globalThis +): Partial { + return { + ...getCommonReducers(global), + ...getClassReducers(), + // Note: Stream reducers for step mode need additional parameters + // (ops, runId, cryptoKey). These are composed at call sites that + // need stream support. For basic step serialization, common + class + // reducers are sufficient. + }; +} + +function getStepRevivers( + global: Record = globalThis +): Partial { + return { + ...getCommonRevivers(global), + ...getClassRevivers(global), + // StepFunction reviver is intentionally excluded in step mode — + // step functions should not be passed as step return values. + }; +} + +// ---- Public API ---- + +/** + * Serialize a value from the step execution environment. + * + * @param value - The value to serialize + * @param encryptionKey - Optional encryption key + * @returns Format-prefixed (and optionally encrypted) serialized bytes + */ +export async function serialize( + value: unknown, + encryptionKey?: CryptoKey +): Promise { + try { + const payload = devalueCodec.serialize(value, getStepReducers()); + const prefixed = encodeWithFormatPrefix( + SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, + payload + ) as Uint8Array; + return encryptData(prefixed, encryptionKey); + } catch (error) { + throw new WorkflowRuntimeError( + formatSerializationError('step value', error), + { slug: 'serialization-failed', cause: error } + ); + } +} + +/** + * Deserialize a value for the step execution environment. + * + * @param data - Format-prefixed (and optionally encrypted) serialized bytes + * @param encryptionKey - Optional encryption key + * @returns The deserialized value + */ +export async function deserialize( + data: Uint8Array | unknown, + encryptionKey?: CryptoKey +): Promise { + const decrypted = await decryptData(data, encryptionKey); + + // Legacy specVersion 1: data is not binary + if (!(decrypted instanceof Uint8Array)) { + if (devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy) { + return devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy(decrypted, getStepRevivers()); + } + throw new Error( + 'Cannot deserialize non-binary data without legacy support' + ); + } + + const { format, payload } = decodeFormatPrefix(decrypted); + + if (format === SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1) { + return devalueCodec.deserialize(payload, getStepRevivers()); + } + + throw new Error(`Unsupported serialization format: ${format}`); +} + +// ---- Helpers ---- + +function formatSerializationError(context: string, error: unknown): string { + const verb = context.includes('return value') ? 'returning' : 'passing'; + + let message = `Failed to serialize ${context}`; + if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.path) { + message += ` at path "${error.path}"`; + } + message += `. Ensure you're ${verb} serializable types (plain objects, arrays, primitives, Date, RegExp, Map, Set).`; + + if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.value !== undefined) { + runtimeLogger.error('Serialization failed', { + context, + problematicValue: error.value, + }); + } + + return message; +} diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..65319ee70a --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +/** + * Workflow mode serialization. + * + * This module provides serialize/deserialize for use inside the workflow + * execution environment (QuickJS VM or Node.js vm). It is: + * - Synchronous (no async operations) + * - No encryption (encryption is handled outside the VM on the host side) + * - Includes class, step function, and common type reducers/revivers + * + * This module is designed to be bundled into the workflow code by esbuild + * and executed inside the sandboxed VM. + */ + +import { WorkflowRuntimeError } from '@workflow/errors'; +import { DevalueError } from 'devalue'; +import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; +import { devalueCodec } from './codec-devalue.js'; +import { decodeFormatPrefix, encodeWithFormatPrefix } from './format.js'; +import { getClassReducers, getClassRevivers } from './reducers/class.js'; +import { getCommonReducers, getCommonRevivers } from './reducers/common.js'; +import { + getStepFunctionReducer, + getStepFunctionReviver, +} from './reducers/step-function.js'; +import { SerializationFormat, type Reducers, type Revivers } from './types.js'; + +// ---- Reducer/Reviver composition ---- + +function getWorkflowReducers( + global: Record = globalThis +): Partial { + return { + ...getCommonReducers(global), + ...getClassReducers(), + ...getStepFunctionReducer(), + // Note: ReadableStream/WritableStream reducers for workflow mode + // are handled separately since they depend on workflow-specific symbols. + // They can be merged in here when stream support is added to the + // snapshot runtime. + }; +} + +function getWorkflowRevivers( + global: Record = globalThis +): Partial { + return { + ...getCommonRevivers(global), + ...getClassRevivers(global), + ...getStepFunctionReviver(global), + }; +} + +// ---- Public API ---- + +/** + * Serialize a value for storage/transmission from the workflow environment. + * + * Returns a Uint8Array with the "devl" format prefix. + * No encryption is applied — the host handles that separately. + * + * @param value - The value to serialize + * @returns Format-prefixed serialized bytes + */ +export function serialize(value: unknown): Uint8Array { + try { + const payload = devalueCodec.serialize(value, getWorkflowReducers()); + return encodeWithFormatPrefix( + SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, + payload + ) as Uint8Array; + } catch (error) { + throw new WorkflowRuntimeError( + formatSerializationError('workflow value', error), + { slug: 'serialization-failed', cause: error } + ); + } +} + +/** + * Deserialize a value received in the workflow environment. + * + * Accepts format-prefixed Uint8Array (current format) or legacy plain + * data (specVersion 1 compat). + * + * @param data - Format-prefixed serialized bytes, or legacy data + * @returns The deserialized value + */ +export function deserialize(data: Uint8Array | unknown): unknown { + // Legacy specVersion 1: data is not binary + if (!(data instanceof Uint8Array)) { + if (devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy) { + return devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy(data, getWorkflowRevivers()); + } + throw new Error( + 'Cannot deserialize non-binary data without legacy support' + ); + } + + const { format, payload } = decodeFormatPrefix(data); + + if (format === SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1) { + return devalueCodec.deserialize(payload, getWorkflowRevivers()); + } + + throw new Error(`Unsupported serialization format: ${format}`); +} + +// ---- Helpers ---- + +function formatSerializationError(context: string, error: unknown): string { + const verb = context.includes('return value') ? 'returning' : 'passing'; + + let message = `Failed to serialize ${context}`; + if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.path) { + message += ` at path "${error.path}"`; + } + message += `. Ensure you're ${verb} serializable types (plain objects, arrays, primitives, Date, RegExp, Map, Set).`; + + if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.value !== undefined) { + runtimeLogger.error('Serialization failed', { + context, + problematicValue: error.value, + }); + } + + return message; +} From f04fd8e9154587c9dc208a92d1daa77fa9ab4da7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 22:59:23 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 003/124] Add sub-path exports for workflow serialization module - Add ./serialization/workflow export to @workflow/core package.json - Add ./internal/serialization re-export to workflow meta-package - The workflow bundle can now import serialize/deserialize via: import { serialize, deserialize } from 'workflow/internal/serialization' Full test suite passes: 493 tests across 22 files (including 25 new serialization module tests). --- packages/core/package.json | 4 ++++ packages/workflow/package.json | 1 + packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts | 12 ++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 17 insertions(+) create mode 100644 packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts diff --git a/packages/core/package.json b/packages/core/package.json index 0bef8e5ce8..f75cfc9c08 100644 --- a/packages/core/package.json +++ b/packages/core/package.json @@ -60,6 +60,10 @@ "types": "./dist/serialization.d.ts", "default": "./dist/serialization.js" }, + "./serialization/workflow": { + "types": "./dist/serialization/workflow.d.ts", + "default": "./dist/serialization/workflow.js" + }, "./serialization-format": { "types": "./dist/serialization-format.d.ts", "default": "./dist/serialization-format.js" diff --git a/packages/workflow/package.json b/packages/workflow/package.json index d9c55a456a..e758aa6666 100644 --- a/packages/workflow/package.json +++ b/packages/workflow/package.json @@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ "./internal/builtins": "./dist/internal/builtins.js", "./internal/private": "./dist/internal/private.js", "./internal/class-serialization": "./dist/internal/class-serialization.js", + "./internal/serialization": "./dist/internal/serialization.js", "./next": "./dist/next.cjs", "./nitro": "./dist/nitro.js", "./nuxt": "./dist/nuxt.js", diff --git a/packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts b/packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3906d5e2c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +/** + * Workflow-mode serialization utilities for the workflow VM bundle. + * + * This module re-exports the workflow-mode serialize/deserialize from + * @workflow/core. It is designed to be imported by the compiled workflow + * bundle (via the SWC plugin or VM bootstrap code) and executed inside + * the sandboxed VM environment. + * + * The serialize/deserialize functions are synchronous and do not use + * encryption — encryption is handled on the host side outside the VM. + */ +export { serialize, deserialize } from '@workflow/core/serialization/workflow'; From 63b21f11dbb6e65cd57c9845fd5484ae0b678f3f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 00:35:48 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 004/124] Address code review feedback MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 1. Fix reducer composition order: Class/Instance reducers now come BEFORE common reducers in all three modes (workflow, step, client). This ensures custom Error subclasses with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE are handled by the Instance reducer before the generic Error reducer (devalue uses first-match-wins semantics). 2. Fix encryption decrypt() to fail fast when encrypted data is encountered without a decryption key, instead of silently returning encrypted bytes that would fail later with an unhelpful format error. 3. Remove Request/Response from common reducers — they don't have matching common revivers, so including them caused asymmetric behavior (serialize as Request, deserialize as plain object). Request/Response handling belongs in mode-specific modules that can provide proper revivers. 4. Document Node.js dependency in the workflow serialization re-export. The current implementation uses node:util and Buffer. For the QuickJS VM (snapshot runtime), these will need polyfills — tracked separately. --- packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts | 8 ++--- packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts | 18 ++++++++-- .../core/src/serialization/reducers/common.ts | 34 +++---------------- packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts | 9 +++-- packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts | 9 +++-- .../workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts | 13 ++++--- 6 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 51 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts index 5d07bbb715..a2f2435082 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts @@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ function getClientReducers( global: Record = globalThis ): Partial { return { - ...getCommonReducers(global), + // Class/Instance reducers MUST come before common reducers because + // devalue uses first-match-wins. The common Error reducer would otherwise + // preempt Instance for custom Error subclasses with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE. ...getClassReducers(), - // Note: Stream reducers for client mode need additional parameters - // (ops, runId, cryptoKey). These are composed at call sites that - // need stream support. + ...getCommonReducers(global), }; } diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts index b4381e3a97..a21d14547f 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts @@ -57,9 +57,21 @@ export async function decrypt( data: Uint8Array | unknown, key: CryptoKey | undefined ): Promise { - if (!key || !(data instanceof Uint8Array)) return data; - if (peekFormatPrefix(data) !== SerializationFormat.ENCRYPTED) return data; + // Non-binary data is returned as-is. + if (!(data instanceof Uint8Array)) return data; + + const format = peekFormatPrefix(data); + + // If the data is encrypted but no key was provided, fail fast. + if (format === SerializationFormat.ENCRYPTED && !key) { + throw new Error( + 'Encrypted payload encountered but no decryption key was provided.' + ); + } + + // If the data is not encrypted, return it unchanged. + if (format !== SerializationFormat.ENCRYPTED) return data; const { payload } = decodeFormatPrefix(data); - return aesGcmDecrypt(key, payload); + return aesGcmDecrypt(key!, payload); } diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common.ts index f90692c9b1..46d89ba8b4 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common.ts @@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ */ import { types } from 'node:util'; -import { WEBHOOK_RESPONSE_WRITABLE } from '../../symbols.js'; -import type { Reducers, Revivers, SerializableSpecial } from '../types.js'; +import type { Reducers, Revivers } from '../types.js'; // ---- Base64 helpers ---- @@ -95,33 +94,10 @@ export function getCommonReducers( source: value.source, flags: value.flags, }, - Request: (value) => { - if (!(value instanceof global.Request)) return false; - const data: SerializableSpecial['Request'] = { - method: value.method, - url: value.url, - headers: value.headers, - body: value.body, - duplex: value.duplex, - }; - const responseWritable = value[WEBHOOK_RESPONSE_WRITABLE]; - if (responseWritable) { - data.responseWritable = responseWritable; - } - return data; - }, - Response: (value) => { - if (!(value instanceof global.Response)) return false; - return { - type: value.type, - url: value.url, - status: value.status, - statusText: value.statusText, - headers: value.headers, - body: value.body, - redirected: value.redirected, - }; - }, + // Request and Response are intentionally NOT in common reducers. + // They require mode-specific revivers (stream handling, etc.) and + // including them here without matching revivers would cause them + // to deserialize as plain objects. Set: (value) => value instanceof global.Set && Array.from(value), URL: (value) => value instanceof global.URL && value.href, URLSearchParams: (value) => { diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts index 84835572fe..32a8fd1a76 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts @@ -24,13 +24,12 @@ import { SerializationFormat, type Reducers, type Revivers } from './types.js'; function getStepReducers( global: Record = globalThis ): Partial { + // Class/Instance reducers MUST come before common reducers because + // devalue uses first-match-wins. The common Error reducer would otherwise + // preempt Instance for custom Error subclasses with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE. return { - ...getCommonReducers(global), ...getClassReducers(), - // Note: Stream reducers for step mode need additional parameters - // (ops, runId, cryptoKey). These are composed at call sites that - // need stream support. For basic step serialization, common + class - // reducers are sufficient. + ...getCommonReducers(global), }; } diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts index 65319ee70a..512273b862 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts @@ -29,14 +29,13 @@ import { SerializationFormat, type Reducers, type Revivers } from './types.js'; function getWorkflowReducers( global: Record = globalThis ): Partial { + // Class/Instance reducers MUST come before common reducers because + // devalue uses first-match-wins. The common Error reducer would otherwise + // preempt Instance for custom Error subclasses with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE. return { - ...getCommonReducers(global), ...getClassReducers(), ...getStepFunctionReducer(), - // Note: ReadableStream/WritableStream reducers for workflow mode - // are handled separately since they depend on workflow-specific symbols. - // They can be merged in here when stream support is added to the - // snapshot runtime. + ...getCommonReducers(global), }; } diff --git a/packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts b/packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts index 3906d5e2c6..8706335af4 100644 --- a/packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts +++ b/packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ /** * Workflow-mode serialization utilities for the workflow VM bundle. * - * This module re-exports the workflow-mode serialize/deserialize from - * @workflow/core. It is designed to be imported by the compiled workflow - * bundle (via the SWC plugin or VM bootstrap code) and executed inside - * the sandboxed VM environment. - * + * Re-exports the workflow-mode serialize/deserialize from @workflow/core. * The serialize/deserialize functions are synchronous and do not use * encryption — encryption is handled on the host side outside the VM. + * + * Note: The current implementation has Node.js dependencies (`node:util` + * for `types.isNativeError()` and `Buffer` for base64 encoding). When + * used inside the Node.js `vm.Context` sandbox (the current runtime), + * these are available. For the QuickJS WASM VM (snapshot runtime), these + * dependencies will need to be replaced with polyfills or alternative + * implementations — that work is tracked on the snapshot-runtime branch. */ export { serialize, deserialize } from '@workflow/core/serialization/workflow'; From fc0e61b340d9e55c51f6d6c2f21af4a7da22b587 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 01:48:29 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 005/124] Move reducer/reviver composition into the devalue codec MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit The Codec interface now takes a SerializationMode ('workflow', 'step', 'client') instead of raw reducers/revivers. The reducer/reviver composition is internal to the devalue codec implementation. This is the right abstraction because reducers/revivers are devalue- specific concepts. A future CBOR codec would handle Date, typed arrays, Map, Set natively via the CBOR type system — it wouldn't use reducers at all. A JSON codec would only support standard JSON types. The mode-specific modules (workflow.ts, step.ts, client.ts) are now simpler — they just pass the mode string to the codec. --- packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts | 56 +----------- .../core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts | 90 +++++++++++++++---- packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts | 51 ++++++++--- packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts | 25 ++---- .../src/serialization/serialization.test.ts | 20 ++--- packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts | 51 +---------- packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts | 62 ++----------- 7 files changed, 143 insertions(+), 212 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts index a2f2435082..40112198da 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts @@ -15,55 +15,17 @@ import { type CryptoKey, } from './encryption.js'; import { decodeFormatPrefix, encodeWithFormatPrefix } from './format.js'; -import { getClassReducers, getClassRevivers } from './reducers/class.js'; -import { getCommonReducers, getCommonRevivers } from './reducers/common.js'; -import { SerializationFormat, type Reducers, type Revivers } from './types.js'; - -// ---- Reducer/Reviver composition ---- - -function getClientReducers( - global: Record = globalThis -): Partial { - return { - // Class/Instance reducers MUST come before common reducers because - // devalue uses first-match-wins. The common Error reducer would otherwise - // preempt Instance for custom Error subclasses with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE. - ...getClassReducers(), - ...getCommonReducers(global), - }; -} - -function getClientRevivers( - global: Record = globalThis -): Partial { - return { - ...getCommonRevivers(global), - ...getClassRevivers(global), - // StepFunction reviver throws in client context — step functions - // should not be returned from workflows to clients. - StepFunction: () => { - throw new Error( - 'Step functions cannot be deserialized in client context. Step functions should not be returned from workflows.' - ); - }, - }; -} - -// ---- Public API ---- +import { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; /** * Serialize a value from the client environment (e.g. workflow arguments). - * - * @param value - The value to serialize - * @param encryptionKey - Optional encryption key - * @returns Format-prefixed (and optionally encrypted) serialized bytes */ export async function serialize( value: unknown, encryptionKey?: CryptoKey ): Promise { try { - const payload = devalueCodec.serialize(value, getClientReducers()); + const payload = devalueCodec.serialize(value, 'client'); const prefixed = encodeWithFormatPrefix( SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, payload @@ -79,10 +41,6 @@ export async function serialize( /** * Deserialize a value for the client environment (e.g. workflow return value). - * - * @param data - Format-prefixed (and optionally encrypted) serialized bytes - * @param encryptionKey - Optional encryption key - * @returns The deserialized value */ export async function deserialize( data: Uint8Array | unknown, @@ -90,10 +48,9 @@ export async function deserialize( ): Promise { const decrypted = await decryptData(data, encryptionKey); - // Legacy specVersion 1: data is not binary if (!(decrypted instanceof Uint8Array)) { if (devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy) { - return devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy(decrypted, getClientRevivers()); + return devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy(decrypted, 'client'); } throw new Error( 'Cannot deserialize non-binary data without legacy support' @@ -103,29 +60,24 @@ export async function deserialize( const { format, payload } = decodeFormatPrefix(decrypted); if (format === SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1) { - return devalueCodec.deserialize(payload, getClientRevivers()); + return devalueCodec.deserialize(payload, 'client'); } throw new Error(`Unsupported serialization format: ${format}`); } -// ---- Helpers ---- - function formatSerializationError(context: string, error: unknown): string { const verb = context.includes('return value') ? 'returning' : 'passing'; - let message = `Failed to serialize ${context}`; if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.path) { message += ` at path "${error.path}"`; } message += `. Ensure you're ${verb} serializable types (plain objects, arrays, primitives, Date, RegExp, Map, Set).`; - if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.value !== undefined) { runtimeLogger.error('Serialization failed', { context, problematicValue: error.value, }); } - return message; } diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts index 6940e3831d..78d244e7fd 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts @@ -1,29 +1,85 @@ /** * Devalue codec implementation. * - * Uses the `devalue` library for serialization with custom reducers/revivers - * for Workflow DevKit types (Date, Error, Map, Set, typed arrays, classes, etc.). + * Uses the `devalue` library for serialization. Handles custom types via + * reducers (serialize) and revivers (deserialize) which are composed + * internally based on the serialization mode. + * + * The reducer/reviver pattern is specific to devalue — other codecs + * (CBOR, JSON) would handle types differently (e.g. CBOR supports Date, + * typed arrays, Map, Set natively). */ import { parse, stringify, unflatten } from 'devalue'; -import { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; -import type { Codec } from './codec.js'; -import type { Reducers, Revivers } from './types.js'; +import { SerializationFormat, type Reducers, type Revivers } from './types.js'; +import type { Codec, SerializationMode } from './codec.js'; +import { getClassReducers, getClassRevivers } from './reducers/class.js'; +import { getCommonReducers, getCommonRevivers } from './reducers/common.js'; +import { + getStepFunctionReducer, + getStepFunctionReviver, +} from './reducers/step-function.js'; const encoder = new TextEncoder(); const decoder = new TextDecoder(); -/** - * The devalue codec. Serializes values to a UTF-8 encoded string using - * devalue's `stringify()` and deserializes using `parse()`. - * - * Custom types are handled via reducers (serialize) and revivers (deserialize) - * which are composed by the mode-specific modules (workflow, step, client). - */ +// ---- Reducer/Reviver composition per mode ---- + +function getReducersForMode(mode: SerializationMode): Partial { + switch (mode) { + case 'workflow': + // Class/Instance MUST come before common (first-match-wins for Error subclasses) + return { + ...getClassReducers(), + ...getStepFunctionReducer(), + ...getCommonReducers(), + }; + case 'step': + return { + ...getClassReducers(), + ...getCommonReducers(), + }; + case 'client': + return { + ...getClassReducers(), + ...getCommonReducers(), + }; + } +} + +function getReviversForMode(mode: SerializationMode): Partial { + switch (mode) { + case 'workflow': + return { + ...getClassRevivers(), + ...getStepFunctionReviver(), + ...getCommonRevivers(), + }; + case 'step': + return { + ...getClassRevivers(), + ...getCommonRevivers(), + }; + case 'client': + return { + ...getClassRevivers(), + ...getCommonRevivers(), + StepFunction: () => { + throw new Error( + 'Step functions cannot be deserialized in client context.' + ); + }, + }; + } +} + +// ---- Codec implementation ---- + export const devalueCodec: Codec = { formatPrefix: SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, - serialize(value: unknown, reducers: Partial): Uint8Array { + serialize(value: unknown, mode: SerializationMode): Uint8Array { + const reducers = getReducersForMode(mode); const str = stringify( value, reducers as Record any> @@ -31,14 +87,14 @@ export const devalueCodec: Codec = { return encoder.encode(str); }, - deserialize(data: Uint8Array, revivers: Partial): unknown { + deserialize(data: Uint8Array, mode: SerializationMode): unknown { + const revivers = getReviversForMode(mode); const str = decoder.decode(data); return parse(str, revivers as Record any>); }, - deserializeLegacy(data: unknown, revivers: Partial): unknown { - // Legacy specVersion 1 runs stored data as plain JSON arrays - // (devalue's unflatten format, not binary) + deserializeLegacy(data: unknown, mode: SerializationMode): unknown { + const revivers = getReviversForMode(mode); return unflatten( data as any[], revivers as Record any> diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts index 5c432ebb40..59b022f2ff 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts @@ -2,42 +2,67 @@ * Codec interface for serialization formats. * * A codec handles the core serialize/deserialize logic for a specific - * wire format (devalue, CBOR, JSON, etc.). The format prefix, encryption, - * and mode-specific reducers/revivers are handled at a higher layer. + * wire format (devalue, CBOR, JSON, etc.). Each codec is responsible + * for handling all supported data types internally — the caller only + * specifies which serialization mode to use. + * + * - **devalue**: Uses custom reducers/revivers for Date, Error, Map, Set, + * typed arrays, class instances, etc. + * - **cbor**: Would handle Date, typed arrays, Map, Set natively via the + * CBOR type system. Class instances would still need custom handling. + * - **json**: Would only support standard JSON types (primitives, arrays, + * plain objects). No Date, Map, Set, typed arrays, etc. */ -import type { Reducers, Revivers, SerializationFormatType } from './types.js'; +import type { SerializationFormatType } from './types.js'; + +/** + * The serialization mode determines which types are supported and how + * they're handled. Different modes compose different sets of type handlers. + * + * - `workflow`: Runs inside the workflow VM. Includes class serialization, + * step function serialization. No stream handling. + * - `step`: Runs in the step handler (Node.js). Includes class serialization. + * No step function serialization. Stream handling at call sites. + * - `client`: Runs on the client side. Includes class serialization. + * No step function serialization. Stream handling at call sites. + */ +export type SerializationMode = 'workflow' | 'step' | 'client'; export interface Codec { /** The 4-character format prefix identifier (e.g. "devl", "cbor", "json") */ readonly formatPrefix: SerializationFormatType; /** - * Serialize a value to bytes using the given reducers for custom types. + * Serialize a value to bytes. + * + * The codec handles all supported types internally based on the mode. * * @param value - The value to serialize - * @param reducers - Type-specific reducers (e.g. Date → ISO string) - * @returns The serialized payload (without format prefix — that's added by the format layer) + * @param mode - The serialization mode + * @returns The serialized payload (without format prefix) */ - serialize(value: unknown, reducers: Partial): Uint8Array; + serialize(value: unknown, mode: SerializationMode): Uint8Array; /** - * Deserialize bytes back to a value using the given revivers for custom types. + * Deserialize bytes back to a value. + * + * The codec handles all supported types internally based on the mode. * * @param data - The serialized payload (without format prefix) - * @param revivers - Type-specific revivers (e.g. ISO string → Date) + * @param mode - The serialization mode * @returns The deserialized value */ - deserialize(data: Uint8Array, revivers: Partial): unknown; + deserialize(data: Uint8Array, mode: SerializationMode): unknown; /** * Deserialize legacy (pre-format-prefix) data. * Used for backwards compatibility with specVersion 1 runs that stored * data as plain JSON arrays instead of binary. * - * @param data - The legacy data (typically a JSON array from devalue's unflatten format) - * @param revivers - Type-specific revivers + * @param data - The legacy data + * @param mode - The serialization mode * @returns The deserialized value */ - deserializeLegacy?(data: unknown, revivers: Partial): unknown; + deserializeLegacy?(data: unknown, mode: SerializationMode): unknown; } diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts index 2378e04c71..95c861657e 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ * Serialization module — public API. * * Re-exports the mode-specific serialize/deserialize functions and - * provides backwards-compatible aliases for the legacy function names. + * the codec/format/encryption abstractions. */ // Re-export types @@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ export type { } from './types.js'; export { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; +// Re-export codec interface and mode type +export type { Codec, SerializationMode } from './codec.js'; +export { devalueCodec } from './codec-devalue.js'; + // Re-export format prefix utilities export { encodeWithFormatPrefix, @@ -22,11 +26,7 @@ export { isEncrypted, } from './format.js'; -// Re-export codec -export type { Codec } from './codec.js'; -export { devalueCodec } from './codec-devalue.js'; - -// Re-export encryption +// Re-export composable encryption export { encrypt, decrypt, @@ -40,14 +40,5 @@ import * as step from './step.js'; import * as client from './client.js'; export { workflow, step, client }; -// Re-export reducers for direct composition (used by stream framing, etc.) -export { - getCommonReducers, - getCommonRevivers, - revive, -} from './reducers/common.js'; -export { getClassReducers, getClassRevivers } from './reducers/class.js'; -export { - getStepFunctionReducer, - getStepFunctionReviver, -} from './reducers/step-function.js'; +// Re-export revive helper (used by legacy compat in serialization.ts) +export { revive } from './reducers/common.js'; diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/serialization.test.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/serialization.test.ts index d693193f26..4f2cad1fd0 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/serialization.test.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/serialization.test.ts @@ -62,23 +62,19 @@ describe('devalue codec', () => { it('should round-trip primitives', () => { for (const value of [42, 'hello', true, null]) { - const serialized = devalueCodec.serialize(value, {}); - const deserialized = devalueCodec.deserialize(serialized, {}); + const serialized = devalueCodec.serialize(value, 'workflow'); + const deserialized = devalueCodec.deserialize(serialized, 'workflow'); expect(deserialized).toEqual(value); } }); - it('should round-trip with Date reducer/reviver', () => { + it('should round-trip Date via workflow mode', () => { const date = new Date('2025-01-01T00:00:00Z'); - const reducers = { - Date: (v: any) => (v instanceof Date ? v.toISOString() : false), - }; - const revivers = { - Date: (v: any) => new Date(v), - }; - - const serialized = devalueCodec.serialize(date, reducers); - const deserialized = devalueCodec.deserialize(serialized, revivers) as Date; + const serialized = devalueCodec.serialize(date, 'workflow'); + const deserialized = devalueCodec.deserialize( + serialized, + 'workflow' + ) as Date; expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Date); expect(deserialized.toISOString()).toBe('2025-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'); }); diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts index 32a8fd1a76..0a4c5b7511 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts @@ -15,50 +15,17 @@ import { type CryptoKey, } from './encryption.js'; import { decodeFormatPrefix, encodeWithFormatPrefix } from './format.js'; -import { getClassReducers, getClassRevivers } from './reducers/class.js'; -import { getCommonReducers, getCommonRevivers } from './reducers/common.js'; -import { SerializationFormat, type Reducers, type Revivers } from './types.js'; - -// ---- Reducer/Reviver composition ---- - -function getStepReducers( - global: Record = globalThis -): Partial { - // Class/Instance reducers MUST come before common reducers because - // devalue uses first-match-wins. The common Error reducer would otherwise - // preempt Instance for custom Error subclasses with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE. - return { - ...getClassReducers(), - ...getCommonReducers(global), - }; -} - -function getStepRevivers( - global: Record = globalThis -): Partial { - return { - ...getCommonRevivers(global), - ...getClassRevivers(global), - // StepFunction reviver is intentionally excluded in step mode — - // step functions should not be passed as step return values. - }; -} - -// ---- Public API ---- +import { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; /** * Serialize a value from the step execution environment. - * - * @param value - The value to serialize - * @param encryptionKey - Optional encryption key - * @returns Format-prefixed (and optionally encrypted) serialized bytes */ export async function serialize( value: unknown, encryptionKey?: CryptoKey ): Promise { try { - const payload = devalueCodec.serialize(value, getStepReducers()); + const payload = devalueCodec.serialize(value, 'step'); const prefixed = encodeWithFormatPrefix( SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, payload @@ -74,10 +41,6 @@ export async function serialize( /** * Deserialize a value for the step execution environment. - * - * @param data - Format-prefixed (and optionally encrypted) serialized bytes - * @param encryptionKey - Optional encryption key - * @returns The deserialized value */ export async function deserialize( data: Uint8Array | unknown, @@ -85,10 +48,9 @@ export async function deserialize( ): Promise { const decrypted = await decryptData(data, encryptionKey); - // Legacy specVersion 1: data is not binary if (!(decrypted instanceof Uint8Array)) { if (devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy) { - return devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy(decrypted, getStepRevivers()); + return devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy(decrypted, 'step'); } throw new Error( 'Cannot deserialize non-binary data without legacy support' @@ -98,29 +60,24 @@ export async function deserialize( const { format, payload } = decodeFormatPrefix(decrypted); if (format === SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1) { - return devalueCodec.deserialize(payload, getStepRevivers()); + return devalueCodec.deserialize(payload, 'step'); } throw new Error(`Unsupported serialization format: ${format}`); } -// ---- Helpers ---- - function formatSerializationError(context: string, error: unknown): string { const verb = context.includes('return value') ? 'returning' : 'passing'; - let message = `Failed to serialize ${context}`; if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.path) { message += ` at path "${error.path}"`; } message += `. Ensure you're ${verb} serializable types (plain objects, arrays, primitives, Date, RegExp, Map, Set).`; - if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.value !== undefined) { runtimeLogger.error('Serialization failed', { context, problematicValue: error.value, }); } - return message; } diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts index 512273b862..081cf37d75 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts @@ -1,14 +1,13 @@ /** * Workflow mode serialization. * - * This module provides serialize/deserialize for use inside the workflow - * execution environment (QuickJS VM or Node.js vm). It is: + * Provides serialize/deserialize for use inside the workflow execution + * environment (QuickJS VM or Node.js vm). It is: * - Synchronous (no async operations) * - No encryption (encryption is handled outside the VM on the host side) - * - Includes class, step function, and common type reducers/revivers * - * This module is designed to be bundled into the workflow code by esbuild - * and executed inside the sandboxed VM. + * Designed to be bundled into the workflow code by esbuild and executed + * inside the sandboxed VM. */ import { WorkflowRuntimeError } from '@workflow/errors'; @@ -16,53 +15,17 @@ import { DevalueError } from 'devalue'; import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; import { devalueCodec } from './codec-devalue.js'; import { decodeFormatPrefix, encodeWithFormatPrefix } from './format.js'; -import { getClassReducers, getClassRevivers } from './reducers/class.js'; -import { getCommonReducers, getCommonRevivers } from './reducers/common.js'; -import { - getStepFunctionReducer, - getStepFunctionReviver, -} from './reducers/step-function.js'; -import { SerializationFormat, type Reducers, type Revivers } from './types.js'; - -// ---- Reducer/Reviver composition ---- - -function getWorkflowReducers( - global: Record = globalThis -): Partial { - // Class/Instance reducers MUST come before common reducers because - // devalue uses first-match-wins. The common Error reducer would otherwise - // preempt Instance for custom Error subclasses with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE. - return { - ...getClassReducers(), - ...getStepFunctionReducer(), - ...getCommonReducers(global), - }; -} - -function getWorkflowRevivers( - global: Record = globalThis -): Partial { - return { - ...getCommonRevivers(global), - ...getClassRevivers(global), - ...getStepFunctionReviver(global), - }; -} - -// ---- Public API ---- +import { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; /** * Serialize a value for storage/transmission from the workflow environment. * - * Returns a Uint8Array with the "devl" format prefix. - * No encryption is applied — the host handles that separately. - * * @param value - The value to serialize * @returns Format-prefixed serialized bytes */ export function serialize(value: unknown): Uint8Array { try { - const payload = devalueCodec.serialize(value, getWorkflowReducers()); + const payload = devalueCodec.serialize(value, 'workflow'); return encodeWithFormatPrefix( SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, payload @@ -78,17 +41,13 @@ export function serialize(value: unknown): Uint8Array { /** * Deserialize a value received in the workflow environment. * - * Accepts format-prefixed Uint8Array (current format) or legacy plain - * data (specVersion 1 compat). - * * @param data - Format-prefixed serialized bytes, or legacy data * @returns The deserialized value */ export function deserialize(data: Uint8Array | unknown): unknown { - // Legacy specVersion 1: data is not binary if (!(data instanceof Uint8Array)) { if (devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy) { - return devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy(data, getWorkflowRevivers()); + return devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy(data, 'workflow'); } throw new Error( 'Cannot deserialize non-binary data without legacy support' @@ -98,29 +57,24 @@ export function deserialize(data: Uint8Array | unknown): unknown { const { format, payload } = decodeFormatPrefix(data); if (format === SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1) { - return devalueCodec.deserialize(payload, getWorkflowRevivers()); + return devalueCodec.deserialize(payload, 'workflow'); } throw new Error(`Unsupported serialization format: ${format}`); } -// ---- Helpers ---- - function formatSerializationError(context: string, error: unknown): string { const verb = context.includes('return value') ? 'returning' : 'passing'; - let message = `Failed to serialize ${context}`; if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.path) { message += ` at path "${error.path}"`; } message += `. Ensure you're ${verb} serializable types (plain objects, arrays, primitives, Date, RegExp, Map, Set).`; - if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.value !== undefined) { runtimeLogger.error('Serialization failed', { context, problematicValue: error.value, }); } - return message; } From d0c912997a949e5768e4b6ebf665ded7f99b36f0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 12:26:51 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 006/124] Replace SerializationFormatType enum with open-ended FormatPrefix type MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit The format prefix is now a branded string type validated by isFormatPrefix() — any 4-character [a-z0-9] string is valid. This removes the hard-coded enum of known formats, making the system truly open for extension: type FormatPrefix = string & { __brand: 'FormatPrefix' }; function isFormatPrefix(value: string): value is FormatPrefix; The SerializationFormat object still provides well-known constants ('devl', 'encr') but they're now just typed constants, not an exhaustive enum. peekFormatPrefix() and decodeFormatPrefix() use isFormatPrefix() for validation instead of checking against a known list. Unknown but valid prefixes (e.g. 'cbor', 'json', 'v2b1') are accepted — the caller decides whether they can handle the format. 6 new isFormatPrefix tests covering: valid strings, too short, too long, uppercase, special characters. 1 new test for unknown-but-valid prefixes. --- packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts | 4 +- packages/core/src/serialization/format.ts | 56 +++++++++--------- packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts | 4 +- .../src/serialization/serialization.test.ts | 57 ++++++++++++++++++- packages/core/src/serialization/types.ts | 34 +++++++---- 5 files changed, 111 insertions(+), 44 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts index 59b022f2ff..a30b4fb350 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ * plain objects). No Date, Map, Set, typed arrays, etc. */ -import type { SerializationFormatType } from './types.js'; +import type { FormatPrefix } from './types.js'; /** * The serialization mode determines which types are supported and how @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ export type SerializationMode = 'workflow' | 'step' | 'client'; export interface Codec { /** The 4-character format prefix identifier (e.g. "devl", "cbor", "json") */ - readonly formatPrefix: SerializationFormatType; + readonly formatPrefix: FormatPrefix; /** * Serialize a value to bytes. diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/format.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/format.ts index da2cb5d70f..0be3b5f005 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/format.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/format.ts @@ -10,10 +10,16 @@ * 4. Debugging — raw data inspection immediately reveals the format * * Format: [4 bytes: format identifier][payload] + * + * The format prefix is open-ended — any 4-character [a-z0-9] string is valid. + * This allows new codecs to be added without modifying this module. */ -import { WorkflowRuntimeError } from '@workflow/errors'; -import { SerializationFormat, type SerializationFormatType } from './types.js'; +import { + SerializationFormat, + isFormatPrefix, + type FormatPrefix, +} from './types.js'; /** Length of the format prefix in bytes */ const FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH = 4; @@ -24,12 +30,12 @@ const formatDecoder = new TextDecoder(); /** * Encode a payload with a format prefix. * - * @param format - The format identifier (must be exactly 4 ASCII characters) + * @param format - The format identifier (4 chars, [a-z0-9]) * @param payload - The serialized payload bytes * @returns A new Uint8Array with format prefix prepended */ export function encodeWithFormatPrefix( - format: SerializationFormatType, + format: FormatPrefix, payload: Uint8Array | unknown ): Uint8Array | unknown { if (!(payload instanceof Uint8Array)) { @@ -37,12 +43,6 @@ export function encodeWithFormatPrefix( } const prefixBytes = formatEncoder.encode(format); - if (prefixBytes.length !== FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH) { - throw new Error( - `Format identifier must be exactly ${FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH} ASCII characters, got "${format}" (${prefixBytes.length} bytes)` - ); - } - const result = new Uint8Array(FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH + payload.length); result.set(prefixBytes, 0); result.set(payload, FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH); @@ -52,22 +52,22 @@ export function encodeWithFormatPrefix( /** * Peek at the format prefix without consuming it. * + * Returns the prefix if it's a valid format prefix ([a-z0-9]{4}), + * or null if the data is legacy/non-binary or doesn't start with a + * valid prefix. + * * @param data - The format-prefixed data - * @returns The format identifier, or null if data is legacy/non-binary + * @returns The format prefix, or null */ export function peekFormatPrefix( data: Uint8Array | unknown -): SerializationFormatType | null { +): FormatPrefix | null { if (!(data instanceof Uint8Array) || data.length < FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH) { return null; } const prefixBytes = data.subarray(0, FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH); - const format = formatDecoder.decode(prefixBytes); - const knownFormats = Object.values(SerializationFormat) as string[]; - if (!knownFormats.includes(format)) { - return null; - } - return format as SerializationFormatType; + const str = formatDecoder.decode(prefixBytes); + return isFormatPrefix(str) ? str : null; } /** @@ -81,15 +81,14 @@ export function isEncrypted(data: Uint8Array | unknown): boolean { * Decode a format-prefixed payload. * * @param data - The format-prefixed data - * @returns An object with the format identifier and payload - * @throws Error if the data is too short or has an unknown format + * @returns An object with the format prefix and payload + * @throws Error if the data is too short or has an invalid prefix */ export function decodeFormatPrefix(data: Uint8Array | unknown): { - format: SerializationFormatType; + format: FormatPrefix; payload: Uint8Array; } { - // Compat for legacy specVersion 1 runs that don't have a format prefix, - // and don't have a binary payload + // Compat for legacy specVersion 1 runs that don't have a format prefix if (!(data instanceof Uint8Array)) { return { format: SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, @@ -104,15 +103,14 @@ export function decodeFormatPrefix(data: Uint8Array | unknown): { } const prefixBytes = data.subarray(0, FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH); - const format = formatDecoder.decode(prefixBytes); + const str = formatDecoder.decode(prefixBytes); - const knownFormats = Object.values(SerializationFormat) as string[]; - if (!knownFormats.includes(format)) { - throw new WorkflowRuntimeError( - `Unknown serialization format: "${format}". Known formats: ${knownFormats.join(', ')}` + if (!isFormatPrefix(str)) { + throw new Error( + `Invalid format prefix: "${str}". Must be 4 characters of [a-z0-9].` ); } const payload = data.subarray(FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH); - return { format: format as SerializationFormatType, payload }; + return { format: str, payload }; } diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts index 95c861657e..531913b410 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts @@ -7,12 +7,12 @@ // Re-export types export type { - SerializationFormatType, + FormatPrefix, SerializableSpecial, Reducers, Revivers, } from './types.js'; -export { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; +export { SerializationFormat, isFormatPrefix } from './types.js'; // Re-export codec interface and mode type export type { Codec, SerializationMode } from './codec.js'; diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/serialization.test.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/serialization.test.ts index 4f2cad1fd0..5b4f9aafaa 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/serialization.test.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/serialization.test.ts @@ -9,9 +9,50 @@ import { peekFormatPrefix, isEncrypted, } from './format.js'; -import { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; +import { SerializationFormat, isFormatPrefix } from './types.js'; import { importKey } from '../encryption.js'; +// ---- isFormatPrefix type guard ---- + +describe('isFormatPrefix', () => { + it('should accept valid 4-char lowercase alphanumeric strings', () => { + expect(isFormatPrefix('devl')).toBe(true); + expect(isFormatPrefix('cbor')).toBe(true); + expect(isFormatPrefix('json')).toBe(true); + expect(isFormatPrefix('encr')).toBe(true); + expect(isFormatPrefix('abcd')).toBe(true); + expect(isFormatPrefix('v2b1')).toBe(true); + expect(isFormatPrefix('0000')).toBe(true); + expect(isFormatPrefix('9999')).toBe(true); + expect(isFormatPrefix('ab12')).toBe(true); + }); + + it('should reject strings that are too short', () => { + expect(isFormatPrefix('')).toBe(false); + expect(isFormatPrefix('a')).toBe(false); + expect(isFormatPrefix('ab')).toBe(false); + expect(isFormatPrefix('abc')).toBe(false); + }); + + it('should reject strings that are too long', () => { + expect(isFormatPrefix('abcde')).toBe(false); + expect(isFormatPrefix('abcdef')).toBe(false); + }); + + it('should reject uppercase characters', () => { + expect(isFormatPrefix('DEVL')).toBe(false); + expect(isFormatPrefix('Devl')).toBe(false); + expect(isFormatPrefix('devL')).toBe(false); + }); + + it('should reject special characters', () => { + expect(isFormatPrefix('de-l')).toBe(false); + expect(isFormatPrefix('de_l')).toBe(false); + expect(isFormatPrefix('de.l')).toBe(false); + expect(isFormatPrefix('de l')).toBe(false); + }); +}); + // ---- Format prefix ---- describe('format prefix', () => { @@ -40,6 +81,20 @@ describe('format prefix', () => { expect(peekFormatPrefix('not binary')).toBeNull(); }); + it('should accept unknown but valid format prefixes', () => { + // A future codec can use any [a-z0-9]{4} prefix + const payload = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]); + const encoded = encodeWithFormatPrefix( + 'cbor' as any, + payload + ) as Uint8Array; + expect(peekFormatPrefix(encoded)).toBe('cbor'); + + const decoded = decodeFormatPrefix(encoded); + expect(decoded.format).toBe('cbor'); + expect(decoded.payload).toEqual(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3])); + }); + it('should detect encrypted data', () => { const payload = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]); const devl = encodeWithFormatPrefix( diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/types.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/types.ts index c12c5a2cf3..41150e0654 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/types.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/types.ts @@ -2,23 +2,37 @@ * Shared types for the serialization system. */ +// ---- Format Prefix ---- + +/** + * A format prefix is exactly 4 lowercase alphanumeric characters [a-z0-9]. + * + * This is a branded string type — use `isFormatPrefix()` to validate + * at runtime. The `SerializationFormat` object provides well-known + * constants, but codecs may define additional prefixes. + */ +export type FormatPrefix = string & { readonly __brand: 'FormatPrefix' }; + +/** + * Runtime type guard for format prefix strings. + * + * Validates that a string is exactly 4 characters of [a-z0-9]. + */ +export function isFormatPrefix(value: string): value is FormatPrefix { + return value.length === 4 && /^[a-z0-9]{4}$/.test(value); +} + /** - * Known serialization format identifiers. - * Each format ID is exactly 4 ASCII characters, matching the convention - * used for other workflow IDs (wrun, step, wait, etc.) + * Well-known format prefix constants. Codecs may define additional ones. */ export const SerializationFormat = { /** devalue stringify/parse with TextEncoder/TextDecoder */ - DEVALUE_V1: 'devl', + DEVALUE_V1: 'devl' as FormatPrefix, /** Encrypted payload (inner payload has its own format prefix) */ - ENCRYPTED: 'encr', - // Future formats (reserved): - // JSON: 'json', // JSON serialization (Python runtime compat) - // CBOR: 'cbor', // CBOR binary serialization + ENCRYPTED: 'encr' as FormatPrefix, } as const; -export type SerializationFormatType = - (typeof SerializationFormat)[keyof typeof SerializationFormat]; +// ---- Serializable Types ---- /** * Types that need specialized handling when serialized/deserialized. From 10fd0050bb2c369dec28c510d2a2c9fa8c890d15 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 12:38:02 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 007/124] Add cross-module compatibility tests MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Proves that data serialized by the new modules can be deserialized by the old serialization.ts functions, and vice versa. This validates that the new modules are wire-format compatible and safe for incremental migration: - new workflow.serialize → old hydrateStepReturnValue (primitives, Date, Map, nested) - old dehydrateStepReturnValue → new workflow.deserialize (primitives, Date, nested) - old dehydrateWorkflowArguments → new workflow.deserialize - new client.serialize → old hydrateWorkflowArguments - new step.serialize + encryption → old hydrateStepArguments + decryption - old dehydrateStepArguments + encryption → new step.deserialize + decryption All 11 tests pass, confirming the new and old modules produce identical wire formats and can coexist during the migration. --- .../core/src/serialization/compat.test.ts | 185 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 185 insertions(+) create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/compat.test.ts diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/compat.test.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/compat.test.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b8e2580d1c --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/compat.test.ts @@ -0,0 +1,185 @@ +/** + * Compatibility tests: verify that data serialized by the new modules + * can be deserialized by the old serialization.ts functions, and vice versa. + * + * This ensures the new modules are safe to use alongside the old code + * during the migration period. + */ + +import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'; +import * as workflow from './workflow.js'; +import * as step from './step.js'; +import * as client from './client.js'; +import { + dehydrateWorkflowArguments, + hydrateWorkflowArguments, + dehydrateWorkflowReturnValue, + hydrateWorkflowReturnValue, + dehydrateStepArguments, + hydrateStepArguments, + dehydrateStepReturnValue, + hydrateStepReturnValue, +} from '../serialization.js'; +import { importKey } from '../encryption.js'; + +const testData = { + primitives: [42, 'hello', true, null], + date: new Date('2025-06-15T12:00:00Z'), + error: Object.assign(new Error('test'), { name: 'TypeError' }), + map: new Map([ + ['a', 1], + ['b', 2], + ]), + set: new Set([1, 2, 3]), + bigint: 9007199254740993n, + uint8: new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]), + url: new URL('https://example.com'), + regexp: /foo.*bar/gi, + nested: { + items: [1, 'two', new Date('2025-01-01')], + inner: { x: 42 }, + }, +}; + +describe('new workflow.serialize → old hydrateStepReturnValue', () => { + it('should round-trip primitives', async () => { + for (const val of testData.primitives) { + const serialized = workflow.serialize(val); + const hydrated = await hydrateStepReturnValue( + serialized, + 'run-123', + undefined + ); + expect(hydrated).toEqual(val); + } + }); + + it('should round-trip Date', async () => { + const serialized = workflow.serialize(testData.date); + const hydrated = (await hydrateStepReturnValue( + serialized, + 'run-123', + undefined + )) as Date; + expect(hydrated).toBeInstanceOf(Date); + expect(hydrated.toISOString()).toBe('2025-06-15T12:00:00.000Z'); + }); + + it('should round-trip Map', async () => { + const serialized = workflow.serialize(testData.map); + const hydrated = (await hydrateStepReturnValue( + serialized, + 'run-123', + undefined + )) as Map; + expect(hydrated).toBeInstanceOf(Map); + expect(hydrated.get('a')).toBe(1); + }); + + it('should round-trip nested objects', async () => { + const serialized = workflow.serialize(testData.nested); + const hydrated = (await hydrateStepReturnValue( + serialized, + 'run-123', + undefined + )) as any; + expect(hydrated.items[0]).toBe(1); + expect(hydrated.items[2]).toBeInstanceOf(Date); + expect(hydrated.inner.x).toBe(42); + }); +}); + +describe('old dehydrateStepReturnValue → new workflow.deserialize', () => { + it('should round-trip primitives', async () => { + for (const val of testData.primitives) { + const dehydrated = await dehydrateStepReturnValue( + val, + 'run-123', + undefined, + [] + ); + const deserialized = workflow.deserialize(dehydrated); + expect(deserialized).toEqual(val); + } + }); + + it('should round-trip Date', async () => { + const dehydrated = await dehydrateStepReturnValue( + testData.date, + 'run-123', + undefined, + [] + ); + const deserialized = workflow.deserialize(dehydrated) as Date; + expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Date); + expect(deserialized.toISOString()).toBe('2025-06-15T12:00:00.000Z'); + }); + + it('should round-trip nested objects', async () => { + const dehydrated = await dehydrateStepReturnValue( + testData.nested, + 'run-123', + undefined, + [] + ); + const deserialized = workflow.deserialize(dehydrated) as any; + expect(deserialized.items[0]).toBe(1); + expect(deserialized.items[2]).toBeInstanceOf(Date); + }); +}); + +describe('old dehydrateWorkflowArguments → new workflow.deserialize', () => { + it('should round-trip when unencrypted', async () => { + const dehydrated = await dehydrateWorkflowArguments( + [42, 'hello'], + 'run-123', + undefined + ); + const deserialized = workflow.deserialize(dehydrated); + expect(deserialized).toEqual([42, 'hello']); + }); +}); + +describe('new client.serialize → old hydrateWorkflowArguments', () => { + it('should round-trip when unencrypted', async () => { + const serialized = await client.serialize([42, 'hello']); + const hydrated = await hydrateWorkflowArguments( + serialized, + 'run-123', + undefined + ); + expect(hydrated).toEqual([42, 'hello']); + }); +}); + +describe('encryption compat: new step.serialize → old hydrateStepArguments', () => { + it('should round-trip with encryption', async () => { + const rawKey = new Uint8Array(32); + rawKey.fill(0x42); + const key = await importKey(rawKey); + + const value = { x: 42, date: new Date('2025-01-01') }; + const serialized = await step.serialize(value, key); + const hydrated = (await hydrateStepArguments( + serialized, + 'run-123', + key + )) as any; + expect(hydrated.x).toBe(42); + expect(hydrated.date).toBeInstanceOf(Date); + }); +}); + +describe('encryption compat: old dehydrateStepArguments → new step.deserialize', () => { + it('should round-trip with encryption', async () => { + const rawKey = new Uint8Array(32); + rawKey.fill(0x42); + const key = await importKey(rawKey); + + const value = { x: 42, date: new Date('2025-01-01') }; + const dehydrated = await dehydrateStepArguments(value, 'run-123', key); + const deserialized = (await step.deserialize(dehydrated, key)) as any; + expect(deserialized.x).toBe(42); + expect(deserialized.date).toBeInstanceOf(Date); + }); +}); From 9ac7f9cc2e5b91546e85aaaf1739f5306b358de6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 14:02:19 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 008/124] Add snapshots storage interface to World and implement in world-local Phase 1 of the VM snapshot runtime (RFC #1298). World interface changes (packages/world): - Add SnapshotMetadata type (lastEventId, createdAt) with zod schema - Add snapshots sub-interface to Storage: save(), load(), delete() - Export new types and schema from @workflow/world world-local implementation (packages/world-local): - Filesystem-based snapshot storage in {dataDir}/snapshots/ - {runId}.bin for serialized VM snapshot data - {runId}.json for metadata (lastEventId, createdAt) - save() overwrites existing snapshots (atomic via ensureDir + write) - load() returns null if no snapshot exists - delete() removes both files - Wired into createStorage() with tracing instrumentation --- packages/world-local/src/storage/index.ts | 3 + .../src/storage/snapshots-storage.ts | 80 +++++++++++++++++++ packages/world/src/index.ts | 2 + packages/world/src/interfaces.ts | 46 +++++++++++ packages/world/src/snapshots.ts | 10 +++ 5 files changed, 141 insertions(+) create mode 100644 packages/world-local/src/storage/snapshots-storage.ts create mode 100644 packages/world/src/snapshots.ts diff --git a/packages/world-local/src/storage/index.ts b/packages/world-local/src/storage/index.ts index 0c7e106e6f..886996f1b0 100644 --- a/packages/world-local/src/storage/index.ts +++ b/packages/world-local/src/storage/index.ts @@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { instrumentObject } from '../instrumentObject.js'; import { createEventsStorage } from './events-storage.js'; import { createHooksStorage } from './hooks-storage.js'; import { createRunsStorage } from './runs-storage.js'; +import { createSnapshotsStorage } from './snapshots-storage.js'; import { createStepsStorage } from './steps-storage.js'; /** @@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ export function createStorage(basedir: string): Storage { steps: createStepsStorage(basedir), events: createEventsStorage(basedir), hooks: createHooksStorage(basedir), + snapshots: createSnapshotsStorage(basedir), }; // Instrument all storage methods with tracing @@ -30,5 +32,6 @@ export function createStorage(basedir: string): Storage { steps: instrumentObject('world.steps', storage.steps), events: instrumentObject('world.events', storage.events), hooks: instrumentObject('world.hooks', storage.hooks), + snapshots: instrumentObject('world.snapshots', storage.snapshots), }; } diff --git a/packages/world-local/src/storage/snapshots-storage.ts b/packages/world-local/src/storage/snapshots-storage.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5c89680b56 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/world-local/src/storage/snapshots-storage.ts @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +import path from 'node:path'; +import type { SnapshotMetadata } from '@workflow/world'; +import { SnapshotMetadataSchema } from '@workflow/world'; +import { + deleteJSON, + ensureDir, + readBuffer, + readJSON, + write, + writeJSON, +} from '../fs.js'; + +/** + * Create the snapshots sub-storage for a local World implementation. + * + * Snapshots are stored as two files per run: + * {basedir}/snapshots/{runId}.bin — serialized VM snapshot (binary) + * {basedir}/snapshots/{runId}.json — metadata (lastEventId, createdAt) + */ +export function createSnapshotsStorage(basedir: string) { + const snapshotsDir = path.join(basedir, 'snapshots'); + + function binPath(runId: string): string { + return path.join(snapshotsDir, `${runId}.bin`); + } + + function metadataPath(runId: string): string { + return path.join(snapshotsDir, `${runId}.json`); + } + + return { + async save( + runId: string, + data: Uint8Array, + metadata: SnapshotMetadata + ): Promise { + await ensureDir(snapshotsDir); + // Write both files — overwrite any existing snapshot for this run + await Promise.all([ + write(binPath(runId), Buffer.from(data), { overwrite: true }), + writeJSON(metadataPath(runId), metadata, { overwrite: true }), + ]); + }, + + async load( + runId: string + ): Promise<{ data: Uint8Array; metadata: SnapshotMetadata } | null> { + // Read metadata first — if it doesn't exist, there's no snapshot + const metadata = await readJSON( + metadataPath(runId), + SnapshotMetadataSchema + ); + if (!metadata) return null; + + try { + const dataBuf = await readBuffer(binPath(runId)); + return { + data: new Uint8Array( + dataBuf.buffer, + dataBuf.byteOffset, + dataBuf.byteLength + ), + metadata, + }; + } catch (error: any) { + if (error.code === 'ENOENT') { + return null; + } + throw error; + } + }, + + async delete(runId: string): Promise { + await Promise.all([ + deleteJSON(binPath(runId)), + deleteJSON(metadataPath(runId)), + ]); + }, + }; +} diff --git a/packages/world/src/index.ts b/packages/world/src/index.ts index 7822032f8a..85860c93a3 100644 --- a/packages/world/src/index.ts +++ b/packages/world/src/index.ts @@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ export { LegacySerializedDataSchemaV1, SerializedDataSchema, } from './serialization.js'; +export type * from './snapshots.js'; +export { SnapshotMetadataSchema } from './snapshots.js'; export type * from './shared.js'; export { PaginatedResponseSchema, diff --git a/packages/world/src/interfaces.ts b/packages/world/src/interfaces.ts index 201eb99698..76edf69c2f 100644 --- a/packages/world/src/interfaces.ts +++ b/packages/world/src/interfaces.ts @@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import type { RunCreatedEventRequest, } from './events.js'; import type { GetHookParams, Hook, ListHooksParams } from './hooks.js'; +import type { SnapshotMetadata } from './snapshots.js'; import type { Queue } from './queue.js'; import type { GetWorkflowRunParams, @@ -173,6 +174,51 @@ export interface Storage { getByToken(token: string, params?: GetHookParams): Promise; list(params: ListHooksParams): Promise>; }; + + /** + * VM snapshot storage for the snapshot-based runtime. + * + * Snapshots capture the state of the QuickJS WASM VM at a suspension point, + * allowing workflow execution to resume from the exact point of suspension + * instead of replaying the full event log. + * + * The metadata (including lastEventId) is stored alongside the snapshot data + * so that on restore, only events created after the snapshot need to be fetched. + */ + snapshots: { + /** + * Save a VM snapshot for a workflow run. + * Each save overwrites the previous snapshot for this run. + * + * @param runId - The workflow run ID + * @param data - The serialized snapshot bytes (from QuickJS.serializeSnapshot()) + * @param metadata - Snapshot metadata including the last processed event ID + */ + save( + runId: string, + data: Uint8Array, + metadata: SnapshotMetadata + ): Promise; + + /** + * Load the most recent VM snapshot for a workflow run. + * Returns null if no snapshot exists (first invocation). + * + * @param runId - The workflow run ID + * @returns The snapshot data and metadata, or null if not found + */ + load( + runId: string + ): Promise<{ data: Uint8Array; metadata: SnapshotMetadata } | null>; + + /** + * Delete the snapshot for a workflow run. + * Called when the workflow reaches a terminal state (completed, failed, cancelled). + * + * @param runId - The workflow run ID + */ + delete(runId: string): Promise; + }; } /** diff --git a/packages/world/src/snapshots.ts b/packages/world/src/snapshots.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2f66307079 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/world/src/snapshots.ts @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +import { z } from 'zod'; + +export const SnapshotMetadataSchema = z.object({ + /** The last event ID that was processed before this snapshot was taken */ + lastEventId: z.string().nullable(), + /** Timestamp when the snapshot was created */ + createdAt: z.coerce.date(), +}); + +export type SnapshotMetadata = z.infer; From 5dc097fb93607dc3f09bbdb888bb3abec1ff4139 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 14:08:52 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 009/124] Add snapshot runtime skeleton with QuickJS VM setup MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Phase 2 of the VM snapshot runtime (RFC #1298). - Add quickjs-wasi dependency to @workflow/core - Create snapshot-runtime.ts with the basic structure: - runSnapshotWorkflow() entry point - Fresh VM creation with deterministic WASI clock and seeded Math.random - Snapshot restore path (TODO: event processing) - Host function stubs for useStep, sleep, createHook via Symbol.for() - Interrupt handler (30s timeout) - Memory limit (64MB) - Snapshot serialization on suspension The useStep, sleep, and createHook host functions are stubs with TODO markers — the basic VM lifecycle and snapshot/restore flow is in place. --- packages/core/package.json | 1 + packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 260 ++++++++++++++++++ pnpm-lock.yaml | 8 + 3 files changed, 269 insertions(+) create mode 100644 packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts diff --git a/packages/core/package.json b/packages/core/package.json index f75cfc9c08..12bebe4709 100644 --- a/packages/core/package.json +++ b/packages/core/package.json @@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ "devalue": "5.6.3", "ms": "2.1.3", "nanoid": "5.1.6", + "quickjs-wasi": "0.2.0", "seedrandom": "3.0.5", "ulid": "catalog:", "zod": "catalog:" diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..21993e1d1d --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -0,0 +1,260 @@ +/** + * Snapshot-based workflow runtime. + * + * Instead of replaying the full event log on every invocation, this runtime: + * 1. Runs workflow code in a QuickJS WASM VM (via quickjs-wasi) + * 2. Snapshots the VM state when the workflow suspends + * 3. Restores the VM from the snapshot on resumption + * 4. Only fetches events since the last snapshot + * + * This is an alternative to the event-replay runtime in workflow.ts. + */ + +import seedrandom from 'seedrandom'; +import { QuickJS } from 'quickjs-wasi'; +import type { Event, SnapshotMetadata, WorkflowRun } from '@workflow/world'; + +// ---- Types ---- + +interface PendingOperation { + type: 'step' | 'hook' | 'wait'; + correlationId: string; + /** The resolve function handle stored in the VM (for resolving after restore) */ + resolveCallbackId: number; + /** The reject function handle stored in the VM */ + rejectCallbackId: number; + /** Step-specific metadata */ + stepMetadata?: { + stepId: string; + stepName: string; + }; + /** Wait-specific metadata */ + waitMetadata?: { + resumeAt: Date; + }; + /** Hook-specific metadata */ + hookMetadata?: { + token?: string; + }; +} + +export interface SnapshotRuntimeResult { + /** The workflow completed with this result */ + completed?: unknown; + /** The workflow suspended with these pending operations */ + suspended?: { + pendingOperations: PendingOperation[]; + snapshot: Uint8Array; + lastEventId: string | null; + }; + /** The workflow failed with this error */ + failed?: { + message: string; + stack?: string; + name?: string; + }; +} + +export interface SnapshotRuntimeOptions { + /** The compiled workflow bundle code (workflow mode output from SWC) */ + workflowCode: string; + /** The workflow run entity */ + workflowRun: WorkflowRun; + /** All events for the run (first invocation) or delta events (subsequent) */ + events: Event[]; + /** Existing snapshot to restore from, or null for first invocation */ + existingSnapshot: { + data: Uint8Array; + metadata: SnapshotMetadata; + } | null; + /** The WASM module bytes for quickjs-wasi */ + wasm?: ArrayBuffer | Uint8Array; + /** Encryption key for data, if enabled */ + encryptionKey?: unknown; +} + +// ---- Runtime ---- + +/** + * Execute a workflow using the snapshot-based runtime. + */ +export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( + options: SnapshotRuntimeOptions +): Promise { + const { workflowCode, workflowRun, events, existingSnapshot, wasm } = options; + + const startedAt = workflowRun.startedAt ? +workflowRun.startedAt : Date.now(); + + // Deterministic seed (same as the event-replay runtime) + const seed = `${workflowRun.runId}:${workflowRun.workflowName}:${startedAt}`; + const rng = seedrandom(seed); + + // Track pending operations (correlationId -> deferred info) + const pendingOperations = new Map(); + + // Track the last event ID we've processed + let lastEventId: string | null = + existingSnapshot?.metadata.lastEventId ?? null; + for (const event of events) { + lastEventId = event.eventId; + } + + let vm: QuickJS; + + if (existingSnapshot) { + // ---- RESTORE from snapshot ---- + const snapshot = QuickJS.deserializeSnapshot(existingSnapshot.data); + vm = await QuickJS.restore(snapshot, { + wasm, + wasi: { + now: () => BigInt(startedAt) * 1_000_000n, + }, + memoryLimit: 64 * 1024 * 1024, // 64 MB + interruptHandler: createInterruptHandler(), + }); + + // Re-register host callbacks + // TODO: re-register useStep, createHook, sleep callbacks + // TODO: read __pendingOps from VM to rebuild pendingOperations map + // TODO: process delta events to resolve pending promises + } else { + // ---- FIRST RUN: create fresh VM ---- + vm = await QuickJS.create({ + wasm, + wasi: { + now: () => BigInt(startedAt) * 1_000_000n, + }, + memoryLimit: 64 * 1024 * 1024, // 64 MB + interruptHandler: createInterruptHandler(), + }); + + // Override Math.random with seeded PRNG + { + using randomFn = vm.newFunction('random', () => vm.newNumber(rng())); + using math = vm.global.getProp('Math'); + math.setProp('random', randomFn); + } + + // Install workflow primitives on globalThis via symbols + installWorkflowPrimitives(vm, pendingOperations, rng); + + // Execute the workflow bundle + const evalResult = vm.evalCode(workflowCode, 'workflow.js'); + if (evalResult.isException) { + const exc = vm.getException(); + const error = vm.dump(exc) as Error; + exc.dispose(); + evalResult.dispose(); + vm.dispose(); + return { + failed: { + message: error.message ?? 'Workflow evaluation failed', + stack: error.stack, + name: error.name, + }, + }; + } + evalResult.dispose(); + + // Execute pending jobs (microtasks from the workflow code) + vm.executePendingJobs(); + } + + // Check if the workflow completed or suspended + if (pendingOperations.size === 0) { + // Workflow completed — extract the result + // TODO: read the workflow return value from the VM + vm.dispose(); + return { completed: undefined }; + } + + // Workflow suspended — snapshot the VM + const snapshot = vm.snapshot(); + const serialized = QuickJS.serializeSnapshot(snapshot); + vm.dispose(); + + return { + suspended: { + pendingOperations: Array.from(pendingOperations.values()), + snapshot: serialized, + lastEventId, + }, + }; +} + +// ---- Host function installations ---- + +function installWorkflowPrimitives( + vm: QuickJS, + pendingOperations: Map, + rng: seedrandom.PRNG +) { + // useStep: globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")] + { + using sym = vm.newSymbolFor('WORKFLOW_USE_STEP'); + // The useStep function returns a function that, when called with args, + // creates a step invocation and returns a promise + using useStepFactory = vm.newFunction('useStep', function (...args) { + const stepId = args[0].toString(); + + // Return a function that, when called, creates the step invocation + using innerFn = vm.newFunction(`step_${stepId}`, function (..._stepArgs) { + const correlationId = `step_${generateUlid(rng)}`; + const deferred = vm.newPromise(); + + // TODO: Store resolve/reject handles on __resolvers global for + // retrieval after snapshot restore + + pendingOperations.set(correlationId, { + type: 'step', + correlationId, + resolveCallbackId: 0, // TODO + rejectCallbackId: 0, // TODO + stepMetadata: { + stepId, + stepName: stepId, // TODO: resolve actual step name + }, + }); + + return deferred.handle; + }); + + return innerFn.dup(); + }); + vm.setProp(vm.global, sym, useStepFactory); + } + + // sleep: globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_SLEEP")] + { + using sym = vm.newSymbolFor('WORKFLOW_SLEEP'); + using sleepFn = vm.newFunction('sleep', function (..._args) { + // TODO: parse duration, create wait invocation, return promise + return vm.getUndefined(); + }); + vm.setProp(vm.global, sym, sleepFn); + } + + // createHook: globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_CREATE_HOOK")] + { + using sym = vm.newSymbolFor('WORKFLOW_CREATE_HOOK'); + using createHookFn = vm.newFunction('createHook', function (..._args) { + // TODO: create hook invocation, return hook object + return vm.newObject(); + }); + vm.setProp(vm.global, sym, createHookFn); + } +} + +// ---- Helpers ---- + +function createInterruptHandler(): () => boolean { + const start = Date.now(); + const timeout = 30_000; // 30 second timeout + return () => Date.now() - start > timeout; +} + +function generateUlid(_rng: seedrandom.PRNG): string { + // TODO: implement deterministic ULID generation using the seeded RNG + // For now, use a simple counter-based approach + return `${Date.now().toString(36)}${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2, 8)}`; +} diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml index 58ebeea400..3aa20dc806 100644 --- a/pnpm-lock.yaml +++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml @@ -579,6 +579,9 @@ importers: nanoid: specifier: 5.1.6 version: 5.1.6 + quickjs-wasi: + specifier: 0.2.0 + version: 0.2.0 seedrandom: specifier: 3.0.5 version: 3.0.5 @@ -13926,6 +13929,9 @@ packages: resolution: {integrity: sha512-WuyALRjWPDGtt/wzJiadO5AXY+8hZ80hVpe6MyivgraREW751X3SbhRvG3eLKOYN+8VEvqLcf3wdnt44Z4S4SA==} engines: {node: '>=10'} + quickjs-wasi@0.2.0: + resolution: {integrity: sha512-Qb1sI+8+NjuHU/GXNBv4AQ/LkNG1/LJDLL6JTUsrDec3oP7Q3qbb5zaTPZTcmXOWdgA0VDD0dV/ef/SweK2jgA==} + quote-unquote@1.0.0: resolution: {integrity: sha512-twwRO/ilhlG/FIgYeKGFqyHhoEhqgnKVkcmqMKi2r524gz3ZbDTcyFt38E9xjJI2vT+KbRNHVbnJ/e0I25Azwg==} @@ -30672,6 +30678,8 @@ snapshots: quick-lru@5.1.1: {} + quickjs-wasi@0.2.0: {} + quote-unquote@1.0.0: {} radix-ui@1.4.3(@types/react-dom@19.1.9(@types/react@19.1.13))(@types/react@19.1.13)(react-dom@19.2.3(react@19.2.3))(react@19.2.3): From 40024be2a3e2a8739cc12bb112ef96af39a48fc8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 14:25:54 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 010/124] Add snapshot runtime proof-of-concept test Demonstrates the core snapshot/restore mechanism with a compiled workflow pattern: - useStep implemented inside QuickJS as JS code (not host functions) - Pending step resolve/reject functions stored on globalThis.__resolvers - Step metadata (stepId, args) preserved across snapshot/restore - Multi-step workflow: snapshot at each suspension, restore and resolve, workflow continues from exact suspension point - Both tests pass: simple workflow + metadata preservation --- .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts | 270 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 270 insertions(+) create mode 100644 packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8d07ee1471 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts @@ -0,0 +1,270 @@ +/** + * Standalone test for the snapshot runtime. + * + * Proves the core mechanism: run workflow code in QuickJS, suspend on a step, + * snapshot, restore, resolve the step, and verify the workflow completes. + */ + +import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'; +import { QuickJS } from 'quickjs-wasi'; + +describe('snapshot runtime - proof of concept', () => { + it('should run a simple workflow, snapshot on step, restore and complete', async () => { + // ---- Phase 1: First run — workflow hits a step and suspends ---- + + const vm1 = await QuickJS.create(); + + // Track pending step invocations on the host side + const pendingSteps = new Map< + string, + { resolve: (val: any) => void; reject: (val: any) => void } + >(); + let stepCounter = 0; + + // Install the WORKFLOW_USE_STEP symbol + // This must return a FUNCTION that, when called with args, returns a Promise + { + using useStepFactory = vm1.newFunction('useStep', (...args) => { + const stepId = args[0].toString(); + + // Return a function that creates a deferred promise when called + using fn = vm1.newFunction(`step_${stepId}`, (...stepArgs) => { + const correlationId = `step_${stepCounter++}`; + const deferred = vm1.newPromise(); + + // Store the resolve/reject functions on a global for retrieval after restore + { + using resolvers = vm1.global.getProp('__resolvers'); + using resolveHandle = vm1.evalCode( + `(function(v) { globalThis['__resolve_${correlationId}'] = v; })` + ); + // Actually, simpler approach: store the resolve func directly on globalThis + vm1.setProp( + vm1.global, + `__resolve_${correlationId}`, + deferred.handle.getProp('then') + ); + } + + // Actually, let's use a much simpler approach: + // Store the resolve function on globalThis keyed by correlationId + vm1 + .unwrapResult( + vm1.evalCode(` + globalThis.__pending = globalThis.__pending || {}; + globalThis.__pending["${correlationId}"] = {}; + `) + ) + .dispose(); + + // We need to store the resolve function handle so we can call it after restore + // The simplest way: eval code that creates the promise and stores the resolve func + // on the global, all inside QuickJS + return deferred.handle; + }); + + return fn.dup(); + }); + + using sym = vm1.newSymbolFor('WORKFLOW_USE_STEP'); + vm1.setProp(vm1.global, sym, useStepFactory); + } + + // Nope — this approach of mixing host-side Deferred with QuickJS-side storage + // is getting complicated. Let me try a fully QuickJS-side approach instead. + vm1.dispose(); + + // ---- Take 2: Do everything inside QuickJS ---- + + const vm = await QuickJS.create(); + + // Install useStep: returns a function that, when called, creates a promise + // and stores the resolve/reject on globalThis.__resolvers[correlationId] + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode(` + globalThis.__private_workflows = new Map(); + globalThis.__resolvers = {}; + globalThis.__stepCounter = 0; + globalThis.__pendingStepIds = []; + + globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")] = function(stepId) { + return function(...args) { + const correlationId = "step_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); + globalThis.__pendingStepIds.push(correlationId); + return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { + globalThis.__resolvers[correlationId] = { resolve, reject, stepId, args }; + }); + }; + }; + `) + ).dispose(); + + // Evaluate a simple compiled workflow bundle + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode(` + // Simulated compiled workflow (what the SWC plugin would produce) + var add = globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")]("step//./test//add"); + + async function simple(i) { + const a = await add(i, 7); + const b = await add(a, 8); + return b; + } + simple.workflowId = "workflow//./test//simple"; + globalThis.__private_workflows.set("workflow//./test//simple", simple); + `) + ).dispose(); + + // Run the workflow + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode(` + const workflowFn = globalThis.__private_workflows.get("workflow//./test//simple"); + globalThis.__workflowResult = undefined; + globalThis.__workflowError = undefined; + workflowFn(10).then( + result => { globalThis.__workflowResult = result; }, + error => { globalThis.__workflowError = error.message; } + ); + `) + ).dispose(); + vm.executePendingJobs(); + + // Check: workflow should be suspended on first step + const pendingIds1 = vm.dump( + vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode('globalThis.__pendingStepIds')) + ); + expect(pendingIds1).toEqual(['step_0']); + + // Check: workflow result should not be set yet + const result1 = vm.dump( + vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode('globalThis.__workflowResult')) + ); + expect(result1).toBeUndefined(); + + // ---- Phase 2: Snapshot the VM ---- + + const snapshot = vm.snapshot(); + const serialized = QuickJS.serializeSnapshot(snapshot); + vm.dispose(); + + // ---- Phase 3: Restore and resolve the first step ---- + + const vm2 = await QuickJS.restore(QuickJS.deserializeSnapshot(serialized)); + + // Resolve step_0 with result: add(10, 7) = 17 + vm2 + .unwrapResult( + vm2.evalCode(` + globalThis.__resolvers["step_0"].resolve(17); + `) + ) + .dispose(); + vm2.executePendingJobs(); + + // The workflow should now be suspended on step_1 + const pendingIds2 = vm2.dump( + vm2.unwrapResult(vm2.evalCode('globalThis.__pendingStepIds')) + ); + expect(pendingIds2).toEqual(['step_0', 'step_1']); + + // ---- Phase 4: Snapshot again, restore, resolve the second step ---- + + const snapshot2 = vm2.snapshot(); + const serialized2 = QuickJS.serializeSnapshot(snapshot2); + vm2.dispose(); + + const vm3 = await QuickJS.restore(QuickJS.deserializeSnapshot(serialized2)); + + // Resolve step_1 with result: add(17, 8) = 25 + vm3 + .unwrapResult( + vm3.evalCode(` + globalThis.__resolvers["step_1"].resolve(25); + `) + ) + .dispose(); + vm3.executePendingJobs(); + + // The workflow should now be complete + const finalResult = vm3.dump( + vm3.unwrapResult(vm3.evalCode('globalThis.__workflowResult')) + ); + expect(finalResult).toBe(25); + + vm3.dispose(); + }); + + it('should preserve step metadata across snapshot/restore', async () => { + const vm = await QuickJS.create(); + + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode(` + globalThis.__private_workflows = new Map(); + globalThis.__resolvers = {}; + globalThis.__stepCounter = 0; + + globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")] = function(stepId) { + return function(...args) { + const correlationId = "step_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); + return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { + globalThis.__resolvers[correlationId] = { + resolve, reject, stepId, + args: JSON.stringify(args), + }; + }); + }; + }; + + var add = globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")]("step//./test//add"); + + async function workflow(x) { + 'use workflow'; + const result = await add(x, 5); + return result; + } + globalThis.__private_workflows.set("test", workflow); + + globalThis.__workflowResult = undefined; + globalThis.__private_workflows.get("test")(42).then( + r => { globalThis.__workflowResult = r; } + ); + `) + ).dispose(); + vm.executePendingJobs(); + + // Check the pending step has the right metadata + const resolverInfo = vm.dump( + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode(` + const r = globalThis.__resolvers["step_0"]; + ({ stepId: r.stepId, args: r.args }) + `) + ) + ); + expect(resolverInfo).toEqual({ + stepId: 'step//./test//add', + args: '[42,5]', + }); + + // Snapshot, restore, resolve + const snapshot = vm.snapshot(); + vm.dispose(); + + const vm2 = await QuickJS.restore(snapshot); + vm2 + .unwrapResult( + vm2.evalCode(` + globalThis.__resolvers["step_0"].resolve(47); + `) + ) + .dispose(); + vm2.executePendingJobs(); + + const result = vm2.dump( + vm2.unwrapResult(vm2.evalCode('globalThis.__workflowResult')) + ); + expect(result).toBe(47); + + vm2.dispose(); + }); +}); From dca86527566e4d423df5ecec15ecc25d908f1d9e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 14:32:40 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 011/124] Implement snapshot runtime with full event processing MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit The snapshot runtime (runSnapshotWorkflow) now handles the complete workflow lifecycle: - First run: bootstrap VM with workflow primitives, evaluate compiled workflow bundle, start workflow function, process any existing events - Snapshot: capture VM state when workflow suspends on step/sleep - Restore: deserialize snapshot, process delta events to resolve/reject pending promises, execute pending jobs - Completion: detect workflow result or error Workflow primitives (useStep, sleep) are implemented as JavaScript code inside the QuickJS VM, not as host function callbacks. This keeps the implementation simple — the host communicates by evaluating small JS snippets to resolve/reject promises. 7 tests covering: simple completion, step suspension, snapshot/restore with step completion, multi-step across 3 snapshots, sleep suspension and wake, step failure with try/catch. --- .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts | 483 ++++++++++-------- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 413 +++++++++------ 2 files changed, 530 insertions(+), 366 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts index 8d07ee1471..dcd9b29439 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts @@ -1,270 +1,307 @@ -/** - * Standalone test for the snapshot runtime. - * - * Proves the core mechanism: run workflow code in QuickJS, suspend on a step, - * snapshot, restore, resolve the step, and verify the workflow completes. - */ - import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'; import { QuickJS } from 'quickjs-wasi'; +import { runSnapshotWorkflow } from './snapshot-runtime.js'; + +function makeRun(overrides: Record = {}) { + return { + runId: 'wrun_test123', + workflowName: 'test-workflow', + status: 'running' as const, + startedAt: new Date('2025-01-01T00:00:00Z'), + createdAt: new Date('2025-01-01T00:00:00Z'), + updatedAt: new Date('2025-01-01T00:00:00Z'), + specVersion: 2, + ...overrides, + }; +} + +describe('runSnapshotWorkflow', () => { + it('should run a simple workflow with no steps to completion', async () => { + const result = await runSnapshotWorkflow({ + workflowCode: ` + globalThis.__private_workflows = new Map(); + async function hello() { return 42; } + hello.workflowId = "workflow//test//hello"; + globalThis.__private_workflows.set("workflow//test//hello", hello); + `, + workflowId: 'workflow//test//hello', + workflowRun: makeRun(), + events: [], + existingSnapshot: null, + }); -describe('snapshot runtime - proof of concept', () => { - it('should run a simple workflow, snapshot on step, restore and complete', async () => { - // ---- Phase 1: First run — workflow hits a step and suspends ---- - - const vm1 = await QuickJS.create(); - - // Track pending step invocations on the host side - const pendingSteps = new Map< - string, - { resolve: (val: any) => void; reject: (val: any) => void } - >(); - let stepCounter = 0; - - // Install the WORKFLOW_USE_STEP symbol - // This must return a FUNCTION that, when called with args, returns a Promise - { - using useStepFactory = vm1.newFunction('useStep', (...args) => { - const stepId = args[0].toString(); + expect(result.completed).toBeDefined(); + expect(result.completed?.result).toBe('42'); + }); - // Return a function that creates a deferred promise when called - using fn = vm1.newFunction(`step_${stepId}`, (...stepArgs) => { - const correlationId = `step_${stepCounter++}`; - const deferred = vm1.newPromise(); + it('should suspend on first step and return pending operations', async () => { + const result = await runSnapshotWorkflow({ + workflowCode: ` + var add = globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")]("step//test//add"); + async function workflow() { + var a = await add(10, 7); + return a; + } + workflow.workflowId = "workflow//test//workflow"; + globalThis.__private_workflows.set("workflow//test//workflow", workflow); + `, + workflowId: 'workflow//test//workflow', + workflowRun: makeRun(), + events: [], + existingSnapshot: null, + }); - // Store the resolve/reject functions on a global for retrieval after restore - { - using resolvers = vm1.global.getProp('__resolvers'); - using resolveHandle = vm1.evalCode( - `(function(v) { globalThis['__resolve_${correlationId}'] = v; })` - ); - // Actually, simpler approach: store the resolve func directly on globalThis - vm1.setProp( - vm1.global, - `__resolve_${correlationId}`, - deferred.handle.getProp('then') - ); - } + expect(result.suspended).toBeDefined(); + expect(result.suspended?.pendingOperations).toHaveLength(1); + expect(result.suspended?.pendingOperations[0]).toMatchObject({ + type: 'step', + stepId: 'step//test//add', + correlationId: 'step_0', + }); + expect(result.suspended?.snapshot).toBeInstanceOf(Uint8Array); + }); - // Actually, let's use a much simpler approach: - // Store the resolve function on globalThis keyed by correlationId - vm1 - .unwrapResult( - vm1.evalCode(` - globalThis.__pending = globalThis.__pending || {}; - globalThis.__pending["${correlationId}"] = {}; - `) - ) - .dispose(); + it('should restore from snapshot and complete after step resolves', async () => { + const r1 = await runSnapshotWorkflow({ + workflowCode: ` + var add = globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")]("step//test//add"); + async function workflow() { return await add(10, 7); } + workflow.workflowId = "workflow//test//workflow"; + globalThis.__private_workflows.set("workflow//test//workflow", workflow); + `, + workflowId: 'workflow//test//workflow', + workflowRun: makeRun(), + events: [], + existingSnapshot: null, + }); + expect(r1.suspended).toBeDefined(); + + const r2 = await runSnapshotWorkflow({ + workflowCode: '', + workflowId: 'workflow//test//workflow', + workflowRun: makeRun(), + events: [ + { + eventId: 'evnt_001', + runId: 'wrun_test123', + eventType: 'step_completed', + correlationId: 'step_0', + eventData: { output: 17 }, + createdAt: new Date(), + }, + ], + existingSnapshot: { + data: r1.suspended!.snapshot, + metadata: { lastEventId: null, createdAt: new Date() }, + }, + }); - // We need to store the resolve function handle so we can call it after restore - // The simplest way: eval code that creates the promise and stores the resolve func - // on the global, all inside QuickJS - return deferred.handle; - }); + expect(r2.completed?.result).toBe('17'); + }); - return fn.dup(); - }); + it('should handle multi-step workflows across multiple snapshots', async () => { + const code = ` + var add = globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")]("step//test//add"); + async function workflow() { + var a = await add(10, 7); + var b = await add(a, 8); + return b; + } + workflow.workflowId = "workflow//test//workflow"; + globalThis.__private_workflows.set("workflow//test//workflow", workflow); + `; + const run = makeRun(); + + const r1 = await runSnapshotWorkflow({ + workflowCode: code, + workflowId: 'workflow//test//workflow', + workflowRun: run, + events: [], + existingSnapshot: null, + }); + expect(r1.suspended?.pendingOperations[0]?.correlationId).toBe('step_0'); + + const r2 = await runSnapshotWorkflow({ + workflowCode: '', + workflowId: 'workflow//test//workflow', + workflowRun: run, + events: [ + { + eventId: 'evnt_001', + runId: run.runId, + eventType: 'step_completed', + correlationId: 'step_0', + eventData: { output: 17 }, + createdAt: new Date(), + }, + ], + existingSnapshot: { + data: r1.suspended!.snapshot, + metadata: { lastEventId: null, createdAt: new Date() }, + }, + }); + expect(r2.suspended?.pendingOperations[0]?.correlationId).toBe('step_1'); + + const r3 = await runSnapshotWorkflow({ + workflowCode: '', + workflowId: 'workflow//test//workflow', + workflowRun: run, + events: [ + { + eventId: 'evnt_002', + runId: run.runId, + eventType: 'step_completed', + correlationId: 'step_1', + eventData: { output: 25 }, + createdAt: new Date(), + }, + ], + existingSnapshot: { + data: r2.suspended!.snapshot, + metadata: { lastEventId: 'evnt_001', createdAt: new Date() }, + }, + }); + expect(r3.completed?.result).toBe('25'); + }); - using sym = vm1.newSymbolFor('WORKFLOW_USE_STEP'); - vm1.setProp(vm1.global, sym, useStepFactory); - } + it('should handle sleep suspension and wake', async () => { + const r1 = await runSnapshotWorkflow({ + workflowCode: ` + async function workflow() { + await globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_SLEEP")]("5s"); + return "woke up"; + } + workflow.workflowId = "workflow//test//workflow"; + globalThis.__private_workflows.set("workflow//test//workflow", workflow); + `, + workflowId: 'workflow//test//workflow', + workflowRun: makeRun(), + events: [], + existingSnapshot: null, + }); + expect(r1.suspended).toBeDefined(); + expect(r1.suspended?.pendingOperations[0]).toMatchObject({ + type: 'wait', + correlationId: 'wait_0', + }); - // Nope — this approach of mixing host-side Deferred with QuickJS-side storage - // is getting complicated. Let me try a fully QuickJS-side approach instead. - vm1.dispose(); + const r2 = await runSnapshotWorkflow({ + workflowCode: '', + workflowId: 'workflow//test//workflow', + workflowRun: makeRun(), + events: [ + { + eventId: 'evnt_001', + runId: 'wrun_test123', + eventType: 'wait_completed', + correlationId: 'wait_0', + createdAt: new Date(), + }, + ], + existingSnapshot: { + data: r1.suspended!.snapshot, + metadata: { lastEventId: null, createdAt: new Date() }, + }, + }); + expect(r2.completed?.result).toBe('"woke up"'); + }); - // ---- Take 2: Do everything inside QuickJS ---- + it('should handle step failure with try/catch in workflow', async () => { + const r1 = await runSnapshotWorkflow({ + workflowCode: ` + var fail = globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")]("step//test//fail"); + async function workflow() { + try { await fail(); return "nope"; } + catch (e) { return "caught: " + e.message; } + } + workflow.workflowId = "workflow//test//workflow"; + globalThis.__private_workflows.set("workflow//test//workflow", workflow); + `, + workflowId: 'workflow//test//workflow', + workflowRun: makeRun(), + events: [], + existingSnapshot: null, + }); + expect(r1.suspended).toBeDefined(); + + const r2 = await runSnapshotWorkflow({ + workflowCode: '', + workflowId: 'workflow//test//workflow', + workflowRun: makeRun(), + events: [ + { + eventId: 'evnt_001', + runId: 'wrun_test123', + eventType: 'step_failed', + correlationId: 'step_0', + eventData: { error: { message: 'boom' } }, + createdAt: new Date(), + }, + ], + existingSnapshot: { + data: r1.suspended!.snapshot, + metadata: { lastEventId: null, createdAt: new Date() }, + }, + }); + expect(r2.completed?.result).toBe('"caught: boom"'); + }); +}); +describe('raw QuickJS proof of concept', () => { + it('should run, snapshot, restore, and complete', async () => { const vm = await QuickJS.create(); - // Install useStep: returns a function that, when called, creates a promise - // and stores the resolve/reject on globalThis.__resolvers[correlationId] vm.unwrapResult( vm.evalCode(` globalThis.__private_workflows = new Map(); globalThis.__resolvers = {}; + globalThis.__pending = []; globalThis.__stepCounter = 0; - globalThis.__pendingStepIds = []; + globalThis.__workflowResult = undefined; globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")] = function(stepId) { - return function(...args) { - const correlationId = "step_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); - globalThis.__pendingStepIds.push(correlationId); - return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { - globalThis.__resolvers[correlationId] = { resolve, reject, stepId, args }; + return function() { + var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); + var cid = "step_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); + globalThis.__pending.push({ type: "step", correlationId: cid, stepId: stepId }); + return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { + globalThis.__resolvers[cid] = { resolve: resolve, reject: reject }; }); }; }; - `) - ).dispose(); - - // Evaluate a simple compiled workflow bundle - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode(` - // Simulated compiled workflow (what the SWC plugin would produce) - var add = globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")]("step//./test//add"); - - async function simple(i) { - const a = await add(i, 7); - const b = await add(a, 8); - return b; - } - simple.workflowId = "workflow//./test//simple"; - globalThis.__private_workflows.set("workflow//./test//simple", simple); - `) - ).dispose(); - // Run the workflow - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode(` - const workflowFn = globalThis.__private_workflows.get("workflow//./test//simple"); - globalThis.__workflowResult = undefined; - globalThis.__workflowError = undefined; - workflowFn(10).then( - result => { globalThis.__workflowResult = result; }, - error => { globalThis.__workflowError = error.message; } - ); + var add = globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")]("step//test//add"); + async function simple(i) { var a = await add(i, 7); var b = await add(a, 8); return b; } + globalThis.__private_workflows.set("test", simple); + globalThis.__private_workflows.get("test")(10).then(function(r) { globalThis.__workflowResult = r; }); `) ).dispose(); vm.executePendingJobs(); - // Check: workflow should be suspended on first step - const pendingIds1 = vm.dump( - vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode('globalThis.__pendingStepIds')) - ); - expect(pendingIds1).toEqual(['step_0']); - - // Check: workflow result should not be set yet - const result1 = vm.dump( - vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode('globalThis.__workflowResult')) - ); - expect(result1).toBeUndefined(); - - // ---- Phase 2: Snapshot the VM ---- - - const snapshot = vm.snapshot(); - const serialized = QuickJS.serializeSnapshot(snapshot); + const snap1 = vm.snapshot(); vm.dispose(); - // ---- Phase 3: Restore and resolve the first step ---- - - const vm2 = await QuickJS.restore(QuickJS.deserializeSnapshot(serialized)); - - // Resolve step_0 with result: add(10, 7) = 17 + const vm2 = await QuickJS.restore(snap1); vm2 .unwrapResult( - vm2.evalCode(` - globalThis.__resolvers["step_0"].resolve(17); - `) + vm2.evalCode('globalThis.__resolvers["step_0"].resolve(17);') ) .dispose(); vm2.executePendingJobs(); - - // The workflow should now be suspended on step_1 - const pendingIds2 = vm2.dump( - vm2.unwrapResult(vm2.evalCode('globalThis.__pendingStepIds')) - ); - expect(pendingIds2).toEqual(['step_0', 'step_1']); - - // ---- Phase 4: Snapshot again, restore, resolve the second step ---- - - const snapshot2 = vm2.snapshot(); - const serialized2 = QuickJS.serializeSnapshot(snapshot2); + const snap2 = vm2.snapshot(); vm2.dispose(); - const vm3 = await QuickJS.restore(QuickJS.deserializeSnapshot(serialized2)); - - // Resolve step_1 with result: add(17, 8) = 25 + const vm3 = await QuickJS.restore(snap2); vm3 .unwrapResult( - vm3.evalCode(` - globalThis.__resolvers["step_1"].resolve(25); - `) + vm3.evalCode('globalThis.__resolvers["step_1"].resolve(25);') ) .dispose(); vm3.executePendingJobs(); - // The workflow should now be complete - const finalResult = vm3.dump( - vm3.unwrapResult(vm3.evalCode('globalThis.__workflowResult')) - ); - expect(finalResult).toBe(25); - + expect( + vm3.dump(vm3.unwrapResult(vm3.evalCode('globalThis.__workflowResult'))) + ).toBe(25); vm3.dispose(); }); - - it('should preserve step metadata across snapshot/restore', async () => { - const vm = await QuickJS.create(); - - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode(` - globalThis.__private_workflows = new Map(); - globalThis.__resolvers = {}; - globalThis.__stepCounter = 0; - - globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")] = function(stepId) { - return function(...args) { - const correlationId = "step_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); - return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { - globalThis.__resolvers[correlationId] = { - resolve, reject, stepId, - args: JSON.stringify(args), - }; - }); - }; - }; - - var add = globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")]("step//./test//add"); - - async function workflow(x) { - 'use workflow'; - const result = await add(x, 5); - return result; - } - globalThis.__private_workflows.set("test", workflow); - - globalThis.__workflowResult = undefined; - globalThis.__private_workflows.get("test")(42).then( - r => { globalThis.__workflowResult = r; } - ); - `) - ).dispose(); - vm.executePendingJobs(); - - // Check the pending step has the right metadata - const resolverInfo = vm.dump( - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode(` - const r = globalThis.__resolvers["step_0"]; - ({ stepId: r.stepId, args: r.args }) - `) - ) - ); - expect(resolverInfo).toEqual({ - stepId: 'step//./test//add', - args: '[42,5]', - }); - - // Snapshot, restore, resolve - const snapshot = vm.snapshot(); - vm.dispose(); - - const vm2 = await QuickJS.restore(snapshot); - vm2 - .unwrapResult( - vm2.evalCode(` - globalThis.__resolvers["step_0"].resolve(47); - `) - ) - .dispose(); - vm2.executePendingJobs(); - - const result = vm2.dump( - vm2.unwrapResult(vm2.evalCode('globalThis.__workflowResult')) - ); - expect(result).toBe(47); - - vm2.dispose(); - }); }); diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 21993e1d1d..10e819c230 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -7,7 +7,10 @@ * 3. Restores the VM from the snapshot on resumption * 4. Only fetches events since the last snapshot * - * This is an alternative to the event-replay runtime in workflow.ts. + * The workflow primitives (useStep, sleep, createHook) are implemented as + * JavaScript code running inside the QuickJS VM. The host communicates with + * the VM by evaluating small JS snippets to read pending operations and + * resolve/reject promises. */ import seedrandom from 'seedrandom'; @@ -16,38 +19,37 @@ import type { Event, SnapshotMetadata, WorkflowRun } from '@workflow/world'; // ---- Types ---- -interface PendingOperation { - type: 'step' | 'hook' | 'wait'; +export interface PendingStep { + type: 'step'; correlationId: string; - /** The resolve function handle stored in the VM (for resolving after restore) */ - resolveCallbackId: number; - /** The reject function handle stored in the VM */ - rejectCallbackId: number; - /** Step-specific metadata */ - stepMetadata?: { - stepId: string; - stepName: string; - }; - /** Wait-specific metadata */ - waitMetadata?: { - resumeAt: Date; - }; - /** Hook-specific metadata */ - hookMetadata?: { - token?: string; - }; + stepId: string; + /** JSON-serialized arguments */ + args: string; + /** Whether a step_created event already exists for this step */ + hasCreatedEvent: boolean; +} + +export interface PendingWait { + type: 'wait'; + correlationId: string; + /** ISO string of when to resume */ + resumeAt: string; + /** Whether a wait_created event already exists for this wait */ + hasCreatedEvent: boolean; } +export type PendingOperation = PendingStep | PendingWait; + export interface SnapshotRuntimeResult { - /** The workflow completed with this result */ - completed?: unknown; - /** The workflow suspended with these pending operations */ + /** The workflow completed with this result (serialized) */ + completed?: { result: string }; + /** The workflow suspended with pending operations */ suspended?: { pendingOperations: PendingOperation[]; snapshot: Uint8Array; lastEventId: string | null; }; - /** The workflow failed with this error */ + /** The workflow failed */ failed?: { message: string; stack?: string; @@ -58,41 +60,103 @@ export interface SnapshotRuntimeResult { export interface SnapshotRuntimeOptions { /** The compiled workflow bundle code (workflow mode output from SWC) */ workflowCode: string; + /** The workflow ID (e.g. "workflow//./workflows/1_simple//simple") */ + workflowId: string; /** The workflow run entity */ workflowRun: WorkflowRun; - /** All events for the run (first invocation) or delta events (subsequent) */ + /** Events to process: all events for first run, delta events for subsequent */ events: Event[]; /** Existing snapshot to restore from, or null for first invocation */ existingSnapshot: { data: Uint8Array; metadata: SnapshotMetadata; } | null; - /** The WASM module bytes for quickjs-wasi */ + /** The WASM module bytes for quickjs-wasi (optional, auto-loaded if omitted) */ wasm?: ArrayBuffer | Uint8Array; - /** Encryption key for data, if enabled */ - encryptionKey?: unknown; } -// ---- Runtime ---- +// ---- VM Bootstrap Code ---- /** - * Execute a workflow using the snapshot-based runtime. + * JavaScript code that runs inside the QuickJS VM to set up the workflow + * primitives. This sets up: + * - globalThis.__private_workflows (Map) - workflow registry + * - globalThis.__resolvers (Object) - pending promise resolve/reject functions + * - globalThis.__pending (Array) - metadata about pending operations + * - globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")] - step proxy factory + * - globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_SLEEP")] - sleep function */ +const VM_BOOTSTRAP = ` +globalThis.__private_workflows = new Map(); +globalThis.__resolvers = {}; +globalThis.__pending = []; +globalThis.__stepCounter = 0; +globalThis.__workflowResult = undefined; +globalThis.__workflowError = undefined; + +globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")] = function(stepId, closureVarsFn) { + return function() { + var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); + var correlationId = "step_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); + globalThis.__pending.push({ + type: "step", + correlationId: correlationId, + stepId: stepId, + args: JSON.stringify(args), + closureVars: closureVarsFn ? JSON.stringify(closureVarsFn()) : undefined, + hasCreatedEvent: false, + }); + return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { + globalThis.__resolvers[correlationId] = { resolve: resolve, reject: reject }; + }); + }; +}; + +globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_SLEEP")] = function(param) { + var correlationId = "wait_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); + var resumeAt; + if (typeof param === "number") { + resumeAt = new Date(Date.now() + param).toISOString(); + } else if (typeof param === "string") { + var match = param.match(/^(\\d+)([smhd])$/); + if (match) { + var value = parseInt(match[1]); + var unit = match[2]; + var ms = value * (unit === "s" ? 1000 : unit === "m" ? 60000 : unit === "h" ? 3600000 : 86400000); + resumeAt = new Date(Date.now() + ms).toISOString(); + } else { + resumeAt = new Date(param).toISOString(); + } + } else if (param instanceof Date) { + resumeAt = param.toISOString(); + } else { + throw new Error("Invalid sleep parameter: " + param); + } + globalThis.__pending.push({ + type: "wait", + correlationId: correlationId, + resumeAt: resumeAt, + hasCreatedEvent: false, + }); + return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { + globalThis.__resolvers[correlationId] = { resolve: resolve, reject: reject }; + }); +}; +`; + +// ---- Runtime ---- + export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( options: SnapshotRuntimeOptions ): Promise { - const { workflowCode, workflowRun, events, existingSnapshot, wasm } = options; + const { workflowCode, workflowId, workflowRun, events, existingSnapshot } = + options; const startedAt = workflowRun.startedAt ? +workflowRun.startedAt : Date.now(); - // Deterministic seed (same as the event-replay runtime) const seed = `${workflowRun.runId}:${workflowRun.workflowName}:${startedAt}`; const rng = seedrandom(seed); - // Track pending operations (correlationId -> deferred info) - const pendingOperations = new Map(); - - // Track the last event ID we've processed let lastEventId: string | null = existingSnapshot?.metadata.lastEventId ?? null; for (const event of events) { @@ -105,156 +169,219 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( // ---- RESTORE from snapshot ---- const snapshot = QuickJS.deserializeSnapshot(existingSnapshot.data); vm = await QuickJS.restore(snapshot, { - wasm, - wasi: { - now: () => BigInt(startedAt) * 1_000_000n, - }, - memoryLimit: 64 * 1024 * 1024, // 64 MB + wasm: options.wasm, + wasi: { now: () => BigInt(startedAt) * 1_000_000n }, + memoryLimit: 64 * 1024 * 1024, interruptHandler: createInterruptHandler(), }); - // Re-register host callbacks - // TODO: re-register useStep, createHook, sleep callbacks - // TODO: read __pendingOps from VM to rebuild pendingOperations map - // TODO: process delta events to resolve pending promises + // Process delta events + processEvents(vm, events); + vm.executePendingJobs(); } else { - // ---- FIRST RUN: create fresh VM ---- + // ---- FIRST RUN ---- vm = await QuickJS.create({ - wasm, - wasi: { - now: () => BigInt(startedAt) * 1_000_000n, - }, - memoryLimit: 64 * 1024 * 1024, // 64 MB + wasm: options.wasm, + wasi: { now: () => BigInt(startedAt) * 1_000_000n }, + memoryLimit: 64 * 1024 * 1024, interruptHandler: createInterruptHandler(), }); - // Override Math.random with seeded PRNG + // Seeded Math.random { using randomFn = vm.newFunction('random', () => vm.newNumber(rng())); using math = vm.global.getProp('Math'); math.setProp('random', randomFn); } - // Install workflow primitives on globalThis via symbols - installWorkflowPrimitives(vm, pendingOperations, rng); + // Bootstrap workflow primitives + vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode(VM_BOOTSTRAP, 'bootstrap.js')).dispose(); // Execute the workflow bundle const evalResult = vm.evalCode(workflowCode, 'workflow.js'); if (evalResult.isException) { - const exc = vm.getException(); - const error = vm.dump(exc) as Error; - exc.dispose(); - evalResult.dispose(); - vm.dispose(); - return { - failed: { - message: error.message ?? 'Workflow evaluation failed', - stack: error.stack, - name: error.name, - }, - }; + return extractError(vm, evalResult, 'Workflow evaluation failed'); } evalResult.dispose(); - // Execute pending jobs (microtasks from the workflow code) + // Start the workflow function + const startResult = vm.evalCode(` + var __wfn = globalThis.__private_workflows.get(${JSON.stringify(workflowId)}); + if (!__wfn) throw new Error("Workflow not found: " + ${JSON.stringify(workflowId)}); + __wfn().then( + function(result) { globalThis.__workflowResult = JSON.stringify(result); }, + function(error) { globalThis.__workflowError = error.message || String(error); } + ); + `); + if (startResult.isException) { + return extractError(vm, startResult, 'Failed to start workflow'); + } + startResult.dispose(); + + // Process any existing events (replay for first run) + processEvents(vm, events); vm.executePendingJobs(); } - // Check if the workflow completed or suspended - if (pendingOperations.size === 0) { - // Workflow completed — extract the result - // TODO: read the workflow return value from the VM - vm.dispose(); - return { completed: undefined }; - } + // ---- Check result ---- + return checkWorkflowState(vm, lastEventId); +} - // Workflow suspended — snapshot the VM - const snapshot = vm.snapshot(); - const serialized = QuickJS.serializeSnapshot(snapshot); - vm.dispose(); +// ---- Event Processing ---- - return { - suspended: { - pendingOperations: Array.from(pendingOperations.values()), - snapshot: serialized, - lastEventId, - }, - }; +function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): void { + for (const event of events) { + const cid = event.correlationId; + if (!cid) continue; + + const escapedCid = cid.replace(/"/g, '\\"'); + + const eventData = + 'eventData' in event + ? (event.eventData as Record) + : undefined; + + switch (event.eventType) { + case 'step_completed': { + const output = eventData?.output; + const serialized = + output !== undefined ? JSON.stringify(output) : 'undefined'; + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode( + `if(globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]){` + + `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve(${serialized});` + + `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];}` + ) + ).dispose(); + markCreated(vm, escapedCid); + break; + } + case 'step_failed': { + const errorData = eventData?.error as + | Record + | undefined; + const msg = (errorData?.message as string) ?? 'Step failed'; + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode( + `if(globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]){` + + `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].reject(new Error(${JSON.stringify(msg)}));` + + `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];}` + ) + ).dispose(); + markCreated(vm, escapedCid); + break; + } + case 'wait_completed': { + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode( + `if(globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]){` + + `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve();` + + `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];}` + ) + ).dispose(); + markCreated(vm, escapedCid); + break; + } + case 'step_created': + case 'step_started': + case 'step_retrying': + case 'wait_created': { + markCreated(vm, escapedCid); + break; + } + } + } } -// ---- Host function installations ---- +function markCreated(vm: QuickJS, escapedCid: string): void { + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode( + `var __p=globalThis.__pending.find(function(p){return p.correlationId==="${escapedCid}";});` + + `if(__p)__p.hasCreatedEvent=true;` + ) + ).dispose(); +} + +// ---- State Checking ---- -function installWorkflowPrimitives( +function checkWorkflowState( vm: QuickJS, - pendingOperations: Map, - rng: seedrandom.PRNG -) { - // useStep: globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")] + lastEventId: string | null +): SnapshotRuntimeResult { + // Check completed { - using sym = vm.newSymbolFor('WORKFLOW_USE_STEP'); - // The useStep function returns a function that, when called with args, - // creates a step invocation and returns a promise - using useStepFactory = vm.newFunction('useStep', function (...args) { - const stepId = args[0].toString(); - - // Return a function that, when called, creates the step invocation - using innerFn = vm.newFunction(`step_${stepId}`, function (..._stepArgs) { - const correlationId = `step_${generateUlid(rng)}`; - const deferred = vm.newPromise(); - - // TODO: Store resolve/reject handles on __resolvers global for - // retrieval after snapshot restore - - pendingOperations.set(correlationId, { - type: 'step', - correlationId, - resolveCallbackId: 0, // TODO - rejectCallbackId: 0, // TODO - stepMetadata: { - stepId, - stepName: stepId, // TODO: resolve actual step name - }, - }); - - return deferred.handle; - }); - - return innerFn.dup(); - }); - vm.setProp(vm.global, sym, useStepFactory); + using h = vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode('globalThis.__workflowResult')); + if (!h.isUndefined) { + const result = h.toString(); + vm.dispose(); + return { completed: { result } }; + } } - // sleep: globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_SLEEP")] + // Check failed { - using sym = vm.newSymbolFor('WORKFLOW_SLEEP'); - using sleepFn = vm.newFunction('sleep', function (..._args) { - // TODO: parse duration, create wait invocation, return promise - return vm.getUndefined(); - }); - vm.setProp(vm.global, sym, sleepFn); + using h = vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode('globalThis.__workflowError')); + if (!h.isUndefined) { + const message = h.toString(); + vm.dispose(); + return { failed: { message } }; + } } - // createHook: globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_CREATE_HOOK")] + // Check suspended { - using sym = vm.newSymbolFor('WORKFLOW_CREATE_HOOK'); - using createHookFn = vm.newFunction('createHook', function (..._args) { - // TODO: create hook invocation, return hook object - return vm.newObject(); - }); - vm.setProp(vm.global, sym, createHookFn); + using h = vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode('Object.keys(globalThis.__resolvers).length > 0') + ); + if (vm.dump(h)) { + using pendingH = vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode( + `globalThis.__pending.filter(function(p){return!!globalThis.__resolvers[p.correlationId];})` + ) + ); + const pendingOps = vm.dump(pendingH) as PendingOperation[]; + + const snapshot = vm.snapshot(); + const serialized = QuickJS.serializeSnapshot(snapshot); + vm.dispose(); + + return { + suspended: { + pendingOperations: pendingOps, + snapshot: serialized, + lastEventId, + }, + }; + } } + + vm.dispose(); + return { failed: { message: 'Workflow ended in unknown state' } }; } // ---- Helpers ---- +function extractError( + vm: QuickJS, + result: ReturnType, + fallbackMessage: string +): SnapshotRuntimeResult { + const exc = vm.getException(); + const error = vm.dump(exc) as Error | null; + exc.dispose(); + result.dispose(); + vm.dispose(); + return { + failed: { + message: error?.message ?? fallbackMessage, + stack: error?.stack, + name: error?.name, + }, + }; +} + function createInterruptHandler(): () => boolean { const start = Date.now(); - const timeout = 30_000; // 30 second timeout + const timeout = 30_000; return () => Date.now() - start > timeout; } - -function generateUlid(_rng: seedrandom.PRNG): string { - // TODO: implement deterministic ULID generation using the seeded RNG - // For now, use a simple counter-based approach - return `${Date.now().toString(36)}${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2, 8)}`; -} From b62671e2098408f4a9ad608a2d65d0089fa062b1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 14:39:05 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 012/124] Wire snapshot runtime into workflowEntrypoint with WORKFLOW_RUNTIME=snapshot flag MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit - Add snapshot-entrypoint.ts that handles the full lifecycle: snapshot load → event fetching → runSnapshotWorkflow → result handling (create events, queue steps, save/delete snapshots) - Add feature flag: set WORKFLOW_RUNTIME=snapshot to use the new runtime - When enabled, the snapshot path runs before the event-replay path - Step queuing matches the existing step handler's expected payload format - Wait handling includes timeout calculation for delayed re-queuing - Extract workflow ID from SWC-compiled bundle's manifest comment --- packages/core/src/runtime.ts | 23 ++ .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 332 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 355 insertions(+) create mode 100644 packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime.ts index ad3df0059a..7b063a54e5 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime.ts @@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ import { import { getErrorName, getErrorStack, normalizeUnknownError } from './types.js'; import { buildWorkflowSuspensionMessage } from './util.js'; import { runWorkflow } from './workflow.js'; +import { runWorkflowWithSnapshots } from './runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.js'; + +const USE_SNAPSHOT_RUNTIME = process.env.WORKFLOW_RUNTIME === 'snapshot'; export type { Event, WorkflowRun }; export { WorkflowSuspension } from './global.js'; @@ -188,6 +191,26 @@ export function workflowEntrypoint( return; } + // --- Snapshot runtime (opt-in via WORKFLOW_RUNTIME=snapshot) --- + if (USE_SNAPSHOT_RUNTIME) { + runtimeLogger.info('Using snapshot runtime', { + workflowRunId: runId, + }); + const snapshotResult = await runWorkflowWithSnapshots({ + workflowCode, + workflowName, + workflowRun, + }); + if (snapshotResult?.timeoutSeconds !== undefined) { + return { + timeoutSeconds: snapshotResult.timeoutSeconds, + }; + } + return; + } + + // --- Event-replay runtime (default) --- + // Load all events into memory before running const events = await getAllWorkflowRunEvents( workflowRun.runId diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2e5fc1130b --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -0,0 +1,332 @@ +/** + * Snapshot runtime integration with the Workflow DevKit. + * + * This module provides the entry point for running workflows using the + * snapshot-based runtime instead of the event-replay runtime. + */ + +import { WorkflowAPIError } from '@workflow/errors'; +import { + SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, + type Event, + type WorkflowRun, +} from '@workflow/world'; +import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; +import { getAllWorkflowRunEvents, queueMessage } from './helpers.js'; +import { getWorld } from './world.js'; +import { + runSnapshotWorkflow, + type PendingStep, + type PendingWait, +} from './snapshot-runtime.js'; + +/** + * Run a workflow using the snapshot runtime. + * + * This replaces the event-replay path (runWorkflow + EventsConsumer) with: + * 1. Check for existing snapshot + * 2. If snapshot exists: restore + process delta events + * 3. If no snapshot: first run with full event log + * 4. On suspension: save snapshot + create events + queue steps + * 5. On completion: create run_completed + delete snapshot + * 6. On failure: create run_failed + delete snapshot + */ +export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { + workflowCode: string; + workflowName: string; + workflowRun: WorkflowRun; +}): Promise<{ timeoutSeconds?: number } | void> { + const { workflowCode, workflowName, workflowRun } = params; + const world = getWorld(); + const runId = workflowRun.runId; + + // Extract workflow ID from the code's manifest comment + const workflowId = extractWorkflowId(workflowCode, workflowName); + if (!workflowId) { + throw new Error( + `Could not find workflow ID for "${workflowName}" in the workflow bundle` + ); + } + + // Check for existing snapshot + const existingSnapshot = await world.snapshots.load(runId); + + let events: Event[]; + if (existingSnapshot) { + // Fetch only events since the last snapshot + const allEvents: Event[] = []; + let cursor: string | null = existingSnapshot.metadata.lastEventId; + let hasMore = true; + + while (hasMore) { + const response = await world.events.list({ + runId, + pagination: { + sortOrder: 'asc', + cursor: cursor ?? undefined, + limit: 1000, + }, + }); + allEvents.push(...response.data); + cursor = response.cursor ?? null; + hasMore = response.cursor !== null && response.cursor !== undefined; + } + + events = allEvents; + runtimeLogger.info('Snapshot runtime: restoring from snapshot', { + workflowRunId: runId, + deltaEvents: events.length, + lastEventId: existingSnapshot.metadata.lastEventId, + }); + } else { + // First run: load all events + events = await getAllWorkflowRunEvents(runId); + runtimeLogger.info('Snapshot runtime: first run', { + workflowRunId: runId, + totalEvents: events.length, + }); + } + + // Check for elapsed waits + const now = Date.now(); + const completedWaitIds = new Set( + events + .filter((e) => e.eventType === 'wait_completed') + .map((e) => e.correlationId) + ); + for (const event of events) { + if ( + event.eventType === 'wait_created' && + event.correlationId && + !completedWaitIds.has(event.correlationId) + ) { + const eventData = + 'eventData' in event + ? (event.eventData as Record) + : undefined; + const resumeAt = eventData?.resumeAt; + if (resumeAt && now >= new Date(resumeAt as string).getTime()) { + try { + const result = await world.events.create(runId, { + eventType: 'wait_completed', + specVersion: SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, + correlationId: event.correlationId, + }); + if (result.event) events.push(result.event); + } catch (err) { + if (WorkflowAPIError.is(err) && err.status === 409) continue; + throw err; + } + } + } + } + + // Run the snapshot runtime + const result = await runSnapshotWorkflow({ + workflowCode, + workflowId, + workflowRun, + events, + existingSnapshot, + }); + + if (result.completed) { + // Workflow completed + runtimeLogger.info('Snapshot runtime: workflow completed', { + workflowRunId: runId, + }); + + // Delete the snapshot + await world.snapshots.delete(runId); + + // Create run_completed event + try { + await world.events.create(runId, { + eventType: 'run_completed', + specVersion: SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, + eventData: { + output: JSON.parse(result.completed.result), + }, + }); + } catch (err) { + if ( + WorkflowAPIError.is(err) && + (err.status === 409 || err.status === 410) + ) { + runtimeLogger.warn( + 'Workflow already finished, skipping run_completed', + { workflowRunId: runId } + ); + return; + } + throw err; + } + } else if (result.suspended) { + // Workflow suspended + const { pendingOperations, snapshot, lastEventId } = result.suspended; + + runtimeLogger.info('Snapshot runtime: workflow suspended', { + workflowRunId: runId, + pendingSteps: pendingOperations.filter((p) => p.type === 'step').length, + pendingWaits: pendingOperations.filter((p) => p.type === 'wait').length, + }); + + // Save the snapshot + await world.snapshots.save(runId, snapshot, { + lastEventId, + createdAt: new Date(), + }); + + // Create events and queue steps for pending operations + let minTimeoutSeconds: number | undefined; + + for (const op of pendingOperations) { + if (op.type === 'step' && !op.hasCreatedEvent) { + const step = op as PendingStep; + + // Create step_created event + try { + await world.events.create(runId, { + eventType: 'step_created', + specVersion: SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, + correlationId: step.correlationId, + eventData: { + stepName: step.stepId, + input: JSON.parse(step.args), + }, + }); + } catch (err) { + if (WorkflowAPIError.is(err) && err.status === 409) continue; + throw err; + } + + // Queue the step execution + // The queue name is __wkf_step_ + // The step handler expects: workflowName, workflowRunId, workflowStartedAt, stepId + const startedAtMs = workflowRun.startedAt + ? +workflowRun.startedAt + : Date.now(); + await queueMessage( + world, + `__wkf_step_${step.stepId}`, + { + workflowName: workflowRun.workflowName, + workflowRunId: runId, + workflowStartedAt: startedAtMs, + stepId: step.correlationId, + requestedAt: new Date(), + }, + { + idempotencyKey: step.correlationId, + } + ); + } else if (op.type === 'wait' && !op.hasCreatedEvent) { + const wait = op as PendingWait; + + // Create wait_created event + try { + await world.events.create(runId, { + eventType: 'wait_created', + specVersion: SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, + correlationId: wait.correlationId, + eventData: { + resumeAt: new Date(wait.resumeAt), + }, + }); + } catch (err) { + if (WorkflowAPIError.is(err) && err.status === 409) continue; + throw err; + } + + // Calculate timeout for re-queuing the workflow + const resumeMs = new Date(wait.resumeAt).getTime() - Date.now(); + const timeoutSeconds = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(resumeMs / 1000)); + if ( + minTimeoutSeconds === undefined || + timeoutSeconds < minTimeoutSeconds + ) { + minTimeoutSeconds = timeoutSeconds; + } + } + } + + if (minTimeoutSeconds !== undefined) { + return { timeoutSeconds: minTimeoutSeconds }; + } + } else if (result.failed) { + // Workflow failed + runtimeLogger.error('Snapshot runtime: workflow failed', { + workflowRunId: runId, + errorName: result.failed.name, + errorMessage: result.failed.message, + }); + + // Delete the snapshot + await world.snapshots.delete(runId); + + // Create run_failed event + try { + await world.events.create(runId, { + eventType: 'run_failed', + specVersion: SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, + eventData: { + error: { + message: result.failed.message, + stack: result.failed.stack, + }, + }, + }); + } catch (err) { + if ( + WorkflowAPIError.is(err) && + (err.status === 409 || err.status === 410) + ) { + runtimeLogger.warn('Workflow already finished, skipping run_failed', { + workflowRunId: runId, + }); + return; + } + throw err; + } + } +} + +// ---- Helpers ---- + +/** + * Extract the workflow ID from the compiled bundle's manifest comment. + * The SWC plugin generates a comment like: + * /**__internal_workflows{"workflows":{"file.ts":{"name":{"workflowId":"workflow//..."}}}}* / + */ +function extractWorkflowId( + workflowCode: string, + workflowName: string +): string | null { + const match = workflowCode.match(/\/\*\*__internal_workflows(.*?)\*\//); + if (!match) return null; + + try { + const manifest = JSON.parse(match[1]); + const workflows = manifest.workflows; + if (!workflows) return null; + + // Search all files for a matching workflow name + for (const file of Object.values(workflows) as Record< + string, + { workflowId: string } + >[]) { + for (const [name, info] of Object.entries(file)) { + if ( + name === workflowName || + info.workflowId.endsWith(`//${workflowName}`) + ) { + return info.workflowId; + } + } + } + } catch { + // JSON parse failed — malformed manifest + } + + return null; +} From f72dc1aab998b27e9ec26e1a76111f95134c9097 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 14:48:09 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 013/124] Add Web API stubs and fix workflow ID extraction for snapshot runtime MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit The snapshot runtime now successfully: 1. Evaluates the compiled workflow bundle in QuickJS 2. Suspends on the first step call 3. Snapshots the VM state 4. Creates step_created events and queues step execution Web API stubs added for TransformStream, ReadableStream, WritableStream, TextEncoder, TextDecoder, Headers, URL, console — these are referenced by the compiled bundle but not needed for basic step/sleep workflows. Remaining issue: step_created events use raw JSON for step input args, but the step handler expects devalue-serialized data. This is the data serialization boundary that needs to be resolved (RFC #1298 discusses moving devalue inside the QuickJS VM). --- .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 48 ++----------------- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 33 +++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index 2e5fc1130b..3369d68670 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -40,13 +40,9 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { const world = getWorld(); const runId = workflowRun.runId; - // Extract workflow ID from the code's manifest comment - const workflowId = extractWorkflowId(workflowCode, workflowName); - if (!workflowId) { - throw new Error( - `Could not find workflow ID for "${workflowName}" in the workflow bundle` - ); - } + // The workflowName from the queue topic is already the full workflow ID + // (e.g. "workflow//./workflows/1_simple//simple") + const workflowId = workflowName; // Check for existing snapshot const existingSnapshot = await world.snapshots.load(runId); @@ -292,41 +288,3 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { } // ---- Helpers ---- - -/** - * Extract the workflow ID from the compiled bundle's manifest comment. - * The SWC plugin generates a comment like: - * /**__internal_workflows{"workflows":{"file.ts":{"name":{"workflowId":"workflow//..."}}}}* / - */ -function extractWorkflowId( - workflowCode: string, - workflowName: string -): string | null { - const match = workflowCode.match(/\/\*\*__internal_workflows(.*?)\*\//); - if (!match) return null; - - try { - const manifest = JSON.parse(match[1]); - const workflows = manifest.workflows; - if (!workflows) return null; - - // Search all files for a matching workflow name - for (const file of Object.values(workflows) as Record< - string, - { workflowId: string } - >[]) { - for (const [name, info] of Object.entries(file)) { - if ( - name === workflowName || - info.workflowId.endsWith(`//${workflowName}`) - ) { - return info.workflowId; - } - } - } - } catch { - // JSON parse failed — malformed manifest - } - - return null; -} diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 10e819c230..7d5900542f 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -94,6 +94,39 @@ globalThis.__stepCounter = 0; globalThis.__workflowResult = undefined; globalThis.__workflowError = undefined; +// Stubs for Web APIs that the workflow bundle may reference but are not +// available in QuickJS. These are only needed if the workflow uses streams, +// which are not yet supported in the snapshot runtime. +if (typeof TransformStream === "undefined") { + globalThis.TransformStream = function() { throw new Error("TransformStream not supported in snapshot runtime"); }; +} +if (typeof ReadableStream === "undefined") { + globalThis.ReadableStream = function() { throw new Error("ReadableStream not supported in snapshot runtime"); }; +} +if (typeof WritableStream === "undefined") { + globalThis.WritableStream = function() { throw new Error("WritableStream not supported in snapshot runtime"); }; +} +if (typeof TextEncoder === "undefined") { + globalThis.TextEncoder = function() {}; + globalThis.TextEncoder.prototype.encode = function(s) { return new Uint8Array(0); }; +} +if (typeof TextDecoder === "undefined") { + globalThis.TextDecoder = function() {}; + globalThis.TextDecoder.prototype.decode = function() { return ""; }; +} +if (typeof Headers === "undefined") { + globalThis.Headers = function() {}; +} +if (typeof URL === "undefined") { + globalThis.URL = function(u) { this.href = u; this.toString = function() { return u; }; }; +} +if (typeof console === "undefined") { + globalThis.console = { log: function(){}, error: function(){}, warn: function(){}, info: function(){} }; +} +// Stub exports/module for CJS bundle format +globalThis.exports = {}; +globalThis.module = { exports: globalThis.exports }; + globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")] = function(stepId, closureVarsFn) { return function() { var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); From f366660846ff431e883665f650040cef0a6e8aa8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 12:46:00 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 014/124] Use workflow.serialize() for step arguments and results in snapshot runtime The step_created events now contain properly devalue-serialized input data (Uint8Array with 'devl' format prefix) instead of raw JSON. This makes the step handler's hydrateStepArguments() work correctly. When processing step_completed events, the output is deserialized via workflow.deserialize() on the host side before passing to the QuickJS VM as JSON. This handles the devalue format prefix correctly. Also properly serializes the run_completed output. --- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 5 +++-- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 15 ++++++++++++++- 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index 3369d68670..02d7ba1cd4 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import { type WorkflowRun, } from '@workflow/world'; import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; +import { workflow as workflowSerde } from '../serialization/index.js'; import { getAllWorkflowRunEvents, queueMessage } from './helpers.js'; import { getWorld } from './world.js'; import { @@ -141,7 +142,7 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { eventType: 'run_completed', specVersion: SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, eventData: { - output: JSON.parse(result.completed.result), + output: workflowSerde.serialize(JSON.parse(result.completed.result)), }, }); } catch (err) { @@ -188,7 +189,7 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { correlationId: step.correlationId, eventData: { stepName: step.stepId, - input: JSON.parse(step.args), + input: workflowSerde.serialize(JSON.parse(step.args)), }, }); } catch (err) { diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 7d5900542f..575b5747e0 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import seedrandom from 'seedrandom'; import { QuickJS } from 'quickjs-wasi'; import type { Event, SnapshotMetadata, WorkflowRun } from '@workflow/world'; +import { workflow as workflowSerde } from '../serialization/index.js'; // ---- Types ---- @@ -276,7 +277,19 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): void { switch (event.eventType) { case 'step_completed': { - const output = eventData?.output; + const rawOutput = eventData?.output; + // The output may be devalue-serialized (Uint8Array with format prefix) + // or a plain value (from the snapshot runtime's JSON path). + // Deserialize it on the host side, then pass as JSON to the VM. + let output: unknown; + try { + output = + rawOutput instanceof Uint8Array + ? workflowSerde.deserialize(rawOutput) + : rawOutput; + } catch { + output = rawOutput; + } const serialized = output !== undefined ? JSON.stringify(output) : 'undefined'; vm.unwrapResult( From b007abe74d780de01321054c339965d1eea699ae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 12:57:33 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 015/124] Fix step argument serialization format for step handler compatibility Step arguments are now wrapped in { args: [...], closureVars?: {...} } before being serialized with workflow.serialize(), matching the format expected by the step handler's hydrateStepArguments(). The step handler successfully: - Receives the step message - Deserializes the step arguments - Executes the step function (add(10, 7)) - Handles retry on retryable errors - Completes the step and re-queues the workflow --- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 7 ++++++- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 2 ++ 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index 02d7ba1cd4..43718d7a05 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -189,7 +189,12 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { correlationId: step.correlationId, eventData: { stepName: step.stepId, - input: workflowSerde.serialize(JSON.parse(step.args)), + input: workflowSerde.serialize({ + args: JSON.parse(step.args), + ...(step.closureVars + ? { closureVars: JSON.parse(step.closureVars) } + : {}), + }), }, }); } catch (err) { diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 575b5747e0..6eb7778faa 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ export interface PendingStep { stepId: string; /** JSON-serialized arguments */ args: string; + /** JSON-serialized closure variables, if any */ + closureVars?: string; /** Whether a step_created event already exists for this step */ hasCreatedEvent: boolean; } From 5e7aeabbc36c5a9e0958c172201823b70ca78d38 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 13:04:43 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 016/124] Add VM-compatible workflow serializer (no Node.js deps) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit New files: - serialization/base64.ts — pure-JS base64 encode/decode (no Buffer) - serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts — VM-compatible reducers using instanceof Error instead of types.isNativeError(), pure-JS base64 instead of Buffer - serialization/codec-devalue-vm.ts — devalue codec using VM reducers - serialization/workflow-vm.ts — VM workflow serialize/deserialize The VM serializer produces the EXACT same wire format as the Node.js serializer (devl-prefixed devalue data). Verified by 14 tests including critical cross-compatibility: - VM serialize → Node.js hydrateStepArguments (step handler path) - Node.js dehydrateStepReturnValue → VM deserialize (step result path) - Pure-JS base64 matches Node.js Buffer base64 Sub-path export: @workflow/core/serialization/workflow-vm Re-export: workflow/internal/serialization now points to workflow-vm --- packages/core/package.json | 4 + packages/core/src/serialization/base64.ts | 61 ++++++ .../src/serialization/codec-devalue-vm.ts | 93 ++++++++++ .../src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts | 140 ++++++++++++++ .../src/serialization/workflow-vm.test.ts | 174 ++++++++++++++++++ .../core/src/serialization/workflow-vm.ts | 65 +++++++ .../workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts | 20 +- 7 files changed, 545 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-) create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/base64.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue-vm.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/workflow-vm.test.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/workflow-vm.ts diff --git a/packages/core/package.json b/packages/core/package.json index 12bebe4709..dc593634cb 100644 --- a/packages/core/package.json +++ b/packages/core/package.json @@ -64,6 +64,10 @@ "types": "./dist/serialization/workflow.d.ts", "default": "./dist/serialization/workflow.js" }, + "./serialization/workflow-vm": { + "types": "./dist/serialization/workflow-vm.d.ts", + "default": "./dist/serialization/workflow-vm.js" + }, "./serialization-format": { "types": "./dist/serialization-format.d.ts", "default": "./dist/serialization-format.js" diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/base64.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/base64.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fbecf6058f --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/base64.ts @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +/** + * Pure JavaScript base64 encode/decode. + * + * Used in place of Node.js Buffer for environments without it (QuickJS VM). + * These functions work on Uint8Array inputs/outputs. + */ + +const CHARS = + 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/'; + +const LOOKUP = new Uint8Array(256); +for (let i = 0; i < CHARS.length; i++) { + LOOKUP[CHARS.charCodeAt(i)] = i; +} + +/** + * Encode a Uint8Array to a base64 string. + */ +export function base64Encode(bytes: Uint8Array): string { + const len = bytes.length; + let result = ''; + + for (let i = 0; i < len; i += 3) { + const b0 = bytes[i]; + const b1 = i + 1 < len ? bytes[i + 1] : 0; + const b2 = i + 2 < len ? bytes[i + 2] : 0; + + result += CHARS[(b0 >> 2) & 0x3f]; + result += CHARS[((b0 << 4) | (b1 >> 4)) & 0x3f]; + result += i + 1 < len ? CHARS[((b1 << 2) | (b2 >> 6)) & 0x3f] : '='; + result += i + 2 < len ? CHARS[b2 & 0x3f] : '='; + } + + return result; +} + +/** + * Decode a base64 string to a Uint8Array. + */ +export function base64Decode(str: string): Uint8Array { + // Remove padding + let len = str.length; + if (str[len - 1] === '=') len--; + if (str[len - 1] === '=') len--; + + const bytes = new Uint8Array(Math.floor((len * 3) / 4)); + let p = 0; + + for (let i = 0; i < len; i += 4) { + const c0 = LOOKUP[str.charCodeAt(i)]; + const c1 = LOOKUP[str.charCodeAt(i + 1)]; + const c2 = i + 2 < len ? LOOKUP[str.charCodeAt(i + 2)] : 0; + const c3 = i + 3 < len ? LOOKUP[str.charCodeAt(i + 3)] : 0; + + bytes[p++] = (c0 << 2) | (c1 >> 4); + if (i + 2 < len) bytes[p++] = ((c1 << 4) | (c2 >> 2)) & 0xff; + if (i + 3 < len) bytes[p++] = ((c2 << 6) | c3) & 0xff; + } + + return bytes; +} diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue-vm.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue-vm.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3713132058 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue-vm.ts @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +/** + * VM-compatible devalue codec. + * + * Same as codec-devalue.ts but uses VM-compatible reducers/revivers + * (no Node.js Buffer, no node:util). Safe to bundle into the QuickJS VM. + */ + +import { parse, stringify, unflatten } from 'devalue'; +import { SerializationFormat, type Reducers, type Revivers } from './types.js'; +import type { Codec, SerializationMode } from './codec.js'; +import { getClassReducers, getClassRevivers } from './reducers/class.js'; +import { getCommonReducers, getCommonRevivers } from './reducers/common-vm.js'; +import { + getStepFunctionReducer, + getStepFunctionReviver, +} from './reducers/step-function.js'; + +const encoder = new TextEncoder(); +const decoder = new TextDecoder(); + +function getReducersForMode(mode: SerializationMode): Partial { + switch (mode) { + case 'workflow': + return { + ...getClassReducers(), + ...getStepFunctionReducer(), + ...getCommonReducers(), + }; + case 'step': + return { + ...getClassReducers(), + ...getCommonReducers(), + }; + case 'client': + return { + ...getClassReducers(), + ...getCommonReducers(), + }; + } +} + +function getReviversForMode(mode: SerializationMode): Partial { + switch (mode) { + case 'workflow': + return { + ...getClassRevivers(), + ...getStepFunctionReviver(), + ...getCommonRevivers(), + }; + case 'step': + return { + ...getClassRevivers(), + ...getCommonRevivers(), + }; + case 'client': + return { + ...getClassRevivers(), + ...getCommonRevivers(), + StepFunction: () => { + throw new Error( + 'Step functions cannot be deserialized in client context.' + ); + }, + }; + } +} + +export const devalueVmCodec: Codec = { + formatPrefix: SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, + + serialize(value: unknown, mode: SerializationMode): Uint8Array { + const reducers = getReducersForMode(mode); + const str = stringify( + value, + reducers as Record any> + ); + return encoder.encode(str); + }, + + deserialize(data: Uint8Array, mode: SerializationMode): unknown { + const revivers = getReviversForMode(mode); + const str = decoder.decode(data); + return parse(str, revivers as Record any>); + }, + + deserializeLegacy(data: unknown, mode: SerializationMode): unknown { + const revivers = getReviversForMode(mode); + return unflatten( + data as any[], + revivers as Record any> + ); + }, +}; diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a1510c939c --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts @@ -0,0 +1,140 @@ +/** + * VM-compatible common reducers and revivers. + * + * Identical to common.ts but without Node.js dependencies: + * - Uses pure-JS base64 instead of Buffer + * - Uses `instanceof Error` instead of `types.isNativeError()` + * + * This module is safe to bundle into the QuickJS WASM VM. + */ + +import { base64Decode, base64Encode } from '../base64.js'; +import type { Reducers, Revivers } from '../types.js'; + +// ---- Base64 helpers ---- + +function arrayBufferToBase64( + value: ArrayBufferLike, + offset: number, + length: number +): string { + if (length === 0) return '.'; + const uint8 = new Uint8Array(value, offset, length); + return base64Encode(uint8); +} + +function viewToBase64(value: ArrayBufferView): string { + return arrayBufferToBase64(value.buffer, value.byteOffset, value.byteLength); +} + +function reviveArrayBuffer(value: string): ArrayBuffer { + const base64 = value === '.' ? '' : value; + const bytes = base64Decode(base64); + return bytes.buffer as ArrayBuffer; +} + +// ---- Reducers ---- + +export function getCommonReducers(): Partial { + return { + ArrayBuffer: (value) => + value instanceof ArrayBuffer && + arrayBufferToBase64(value, 0, value.byteLength), + BigInt: (value) => typeof value === 'bigint' && value.toString(), + BigInt64Array: (value) => + value instanceof BigInt64Array && viewToBase64(value), + BigUint64Array: (value) => + value instanceof BigUint64Array && viewToBase64(value), + Date: (value) => { + if (!(value instanceof Date)) return false; + const valid = !Number.isNaN(value.getDate()); + return valid ? value.toISOString() : '.'; + }, + Error: (value) => { + // In the VM, use instanceof Error (no node:util available) + if (!(value instanceof Error)) return false; + return { + name: value.name, + message: value.message, + stack: value.stack, + }; + }, + Float32Array: (value) => + value instanceof Float32Array && viewToBase64(value), + Float64Array: (value) => + value instanceof Float64Array && viewToBase64(value), + Int8Array: (value) => value instanceof Int8Array && viewToBase64(value), + Int16Array: (value) => value instanceof Int16Array && viewToBase64(value), + Int32Array: (value) => value instanceof Int32Array && viewToBase64(value), + Map: (value) => value instanceof Map && Array.from(value), + RegExp: (value) => + value instanceof RegExp && { + source: value.source, + flags: value.flags, + }, + // Request/Response are not available in the VM — omitted + Set: (value) => value instanceof Set && Array.from(value), + URL: (value) => { + // URL may not be available in QuickJS — check typeof + if (typeof URL !== 'undefined' && value instanceof URL) return value.href; + return false; + }, + URLSearchParams: (value) => { + if ( + typeof URLSearchParams !== 'undefined' && + value instanceof URLSearchParams + ) { + if (value.size === 0) return '.'; + return String(value); + } + return false; + }, + Uint8Array: (value) => value instanceof Uint8Array && viewToBase64(value), + Uint8ClampedArray: (value) => + value instanceof Uint8ClampedArray && viewToBase64(value), + Uint16Array: (value) => value instanceof Uint16Array && viewToBase64(value), + Uint32Array: (value) => value instanceof Uint32Array && viewToBase64(value), + }; +} + +// ---- Revivers ---- + +export function getCommonRevivers(): Partial { + return { + ArrayBuffer: (value: string) => reviveArrayBuffer(value), + BigInt: (value: string) => BigInt(value), + BigInt64Array: (value: string) => + new BigInt64Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value)), + BigUint64Array: (value: string) => + new BigUint64Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value)), + Date: (value) => new Date(value), + Error: (value) => { + const error = new Error(value.message); + error.name = value.name; + error.stack = value.stack; + return error; + }, + Float32Array: (value: string) => new Float32Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value)), + Float64Array: (value: string) => new Float64Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value)), + Int8Array: (value: string) => new Int8Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value)), + Int16Array: (value: string) => new Int16Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value)), + Int32Array: (value: string) => new Int32Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value)), + Map: (value) => new Map(value), + RegExp: (value) => new RegExp(value.source, value.flags), + Set: (value) => new Set(value), + URL: (value) => { + if (typeof URL !== 'undefined') return new URL(value); + return value; + }, + URLSearchParams: (value) => { + if (typeof URLSearchParams !== 'undefined') + return new URLSearchParams(value === '.' ? '' : value); + return value; + }, + Uint8Array: (value: string) => new Uint8Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value)), + Uint8ClampedArray: (value: string) => + new Uint8ClampedArray(reviveArrayBuffer(value)), + Uint16Array: (value: string) => new Uint16Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value)), + Uint32Array: (value: string) => new Uint32Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value)), + }; +} diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow-vm.test.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow-vm.test.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..23604f61f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow-vm.test.ts @@ -0,0 +1,174 @@ +/** + * Tests for the VM-compatible workflow serializer. + * + * Verifies that: + * 1. The VM serializer produces the same wire format as the Node.js serializer + * 2. Data serialized by the VM can be deserialized by Node.js and vice versa + * 3. The pure-JS base64 implementation is correct + */ + +import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'; +import { base64Decode, base64Encode } from './base64.js'; +import { + serialize as vmSerialize, + deserialize as vmDeserialize, +} from './workflow-vm.js'; +import { + serialize as nodeSerialize, + deserialize as nodeDeserialize, +} from './workflow.js'; +import { peekFormatPrefix } from './format.js'; + +describe('base64 encode/decode', () => { + it('should round-trip empty buffer', () => { + const encoded = base64Encode(new Uint8Array(0)); + expect(encoded).toBe(''); + const decoded = base64Decode(encoded); + expect(decoded.length).toBe(0); + }); + + it('should round-trip small buffers', () => { + for (const bytes of [ + new Uint8Array([0]), + new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]), + new Uint8Array([255]), + new Uint8Array([0, 0, 0]), + ]) { + const encoded = base64Encode(bytes); + const decoded = base64Decode(encoded); + expect(Array.from(decoded)).toEqual(Array.from(bytes)); + } + }); + + it('should match Node.js Buffer base64', () => { + const data = new Uint8Array([72, 101, 108, 108, 111]); // "Hello" + const jsBase64 = base64Encode(data); + const nodeBase64 = Buffer.from(data).toString('base64'); + expect(jsBase64).toBe(nodeBase64); + }); + + it('should decode Node.js Buffer base64', () => { + const data = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]); + const nodeBase64 = Buffer.from(data).toString('base64'); + const decoded = base64Decode(nodeBase64); + expect(Array.from(decoded)).toEqual(Array.from(data)); + }); +}); + +describe('VM workflow serializer', () => { + it('should produce format-prefixed output', () => { + const serialized = vmSerialize(42); + expect(serialized).toBeInstanceOf(Uint8Array); + expect(peekFormatPrefix(serialized)).toBe('devl'); + }); + + it('should round-trip primitives', () => { + for (const val of [42, 'hello', true, null, undefined]) { + expect(vmDeserialize(vmSerialize(val))).toEqual(val); + } + }); + + it('should round-trip Date', () => { + const date = new Date('2025-01-01T00:00:00Z'); + const result = vmDeserialize(vmSerialize(date)) as Date; + expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(Date); + expect(result.toISOString()).toBe('2025-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'); + }); + + it('should round-trip Map', () => { + const map = new Map([ + ['a', 1], + ['b', 2], + ]); + const result = vmDeserialize(vmSerialize(map)) as Map; + expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(Map); + expect(result.get('a')).toBe(1); + }); + + it('should round-trip Uint8Array', () => { + const u8 = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]); + const result = vmDeserialize(vmSerialize(u8)) as Uint8Array; + expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(Uint8Array); + expect(Array.from(result)).toEqual([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]); + }); + + it('should round-trip nested objects', () => { + const val = { a: 1, b: [2, new Date('2025-01-01')], c: { d: 'e' } }; + const result = vmDeserialize(vmSerialize(val)) as any; + expect(result.a).toBe(1); + expect(result.b[0]).toBe(2); + expect(result.b[1]).toBeInstanceOf(Date); + expect(result.c.d).toBe('e'); + }); +}); + +describe('VM ↔ Node.js cross-compatibility', () => { + it('VM serialize → Node.js deserialize', () => { + const values = [ + 42, + 'hello', + new Date('2025-06-15'), + new Map([['x', 1]]), + new Set([1, 2, 3]), + new Uint8Array([10, 20, 30]), + { nested: { arr: [1, 2, 3] } }, + ]; + for (const val of values) { + const vmBytes = vmSerialize(val); + const nodeResult = nodeDeserialize(vmBytes); + const vmResult = vmDeserialize(vmBytes); + // Both should produce equivalent values + expect(JSON.stringify(nodeResult)).toBe(JSON.stringify(vmResult)); + } + }); + + it('Node.js serialize → VM deserialize', () => { + const values = [ + 42, + 'hello', + new Date('2025-06-15'), + new Map([['x', 1]]), + new Set([1, 2, 3]), + new Uint8Array([10, 20, 30]), + { nested: { arr: [1, 2, 3] } }, + ]; + for (const val of values) { + const nodeBytes = nodeSerialize(val); + const vmResult = vmDeserialize(nodeBytes); + const nodeResult = nodeDeserialize(nodeBytes); + expect(JSON.stringify(vmResult)).toBe(JSON.stringify(nodeResult)); + } + }); + + it('step args format: VM serialize → Node.js hydrateStepArguments', async () => { + // This is the critical path: VM serializes step args, step handler deserializes + const { hydrateStepArguments } = await import('../serialization.js'); + + const stepInput = { args: [10, 7], closureVars: { x: 42 } }; + const vmBytes = vmSerialize(stepInput); + + const hydrated = (await hydrateStepArguments( + vmBytes, + 'run-123', + undefined + )) as any; + expect(hydrated.args).toEqual([10, 7]); + expect(hydrated.closureVars).toEqual({ x: 42 }); + }); + + it('step result format: Node.js dehydrateStepReturnValue → VM deserialize', async () => { + // This is the other critical path: step handler serializes result, VM deserializes + const { dehydrateStepReturnValue } = await import('../serialization.js'); + + const result = { sum: 17, computed: true }; + const nodeBytes = await dehydrateStepReturnValue( + result, + 'run-123', + undefined, + [] + ); + const vmResult = vmDeserialize(nodeBytes) as any; + expect(vmResult.sum).toBe(17); + expect(vmResult.computed).toBe(true); + }); +}); diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow-vm.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow-vm.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f786fee445 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow-vm.ts @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +/** + * VM-compatible workflow mode serialization. + * + * This module is designed to be bundled into the QuickJS WASM VM. + * It has NO Node.js dependencies (no Buffer, no node:util). + * + * Produces and consumes the same wire format as the Node.js workflow.ts — + * format-prefixed devalue data ("devl" + devalue.stringify output). + */ + +import { devalueVmCodec } from './codec-devalue-vm.js'; +import { SerializationFormat, isFormatPrefix } from './types.js'; + +const FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH = 4; +const encoder = new TextEncoder(); +const decoder = new TextDecoder(); + +/** + * Serialize a value to format-prefixed bytes. + * + * @param value - The value to serialize + * @returns Uint8Array with "devl" prefix + devalue payload + */ +export function serialize(value: unknown): Uint8Array { + const payload = devalueVmCodec.serialize(value, 'workflow'); + const prefix = encoder.encode(SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1); + const result = new Uint8Array(prefix.length + payload.length); + result.set(prefix, 0); + result.set(payload, prefix.length); + return result; +} + +/** + * Deserialize format-prefixed bytes back to a value. + * + * @param data - Uint8Array with format prefix, or legacy non-binary data + * @returns The deserialized value + */ +export function deserialize(data: Uint8Array | unknown): unknown { + // Legacy: non-binary data + if (!(data instanceof Uint8Array)) { + if (devalueVmCodec.deserializeLegacy) { + return devalueVmCodec.deserializeLegacy(data, 'workflow'); + } + throw new Error( + 'Cannot deserialize non-binary data without legacy support' + ); + } + + if (data.length < FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH) { + throw new Error('Data too short to contain format prefix'); + } + + const prefixStr = decoder.decode(data.subarray(0, FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH)); + if (!isFormatPrefix(prefixStr)) { + throw new Error(`Invalid format prefix: "${prefixStr}"`); + } + + if (prefixStr === SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1) { + const payload = data.subarray(FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH); + return devalueVmCodec.deserialize(payload, 'workflow'); + } + + throw new Error(`Unsupported serialization format: ${prefixStr}`); +} diff --git a/packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts b/packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts index 8706335af4..1706d787a6 100644 --- a/packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts +++ b/packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ /** - * Workflow-mode serialization utilities for the workflow VM bundle. + * Workflow-mode serialization for the VM bundle. * - * Re-exports the workflow-mode serialize/deserialize from @workflow/core. - * The serialize/deserialize functions are synchronous and do not use - * encryption — encryption is handled on the host side outside the VM. - * - * Note: The current implementation has Node.js dependencies (`node:util` - * for `types.isNativeError()` and `Buffer` for base64 encoding). When - * used inside the Node.js `vm.Context` sandbox (the current runtime), - * these are available. For the QuickJS WASM VM (snapshot runtime), these - * dependencies will need to be replaced with polyfills or alternative - * implementations — that work is tracked on the snapshot-runtime branch. + * Re-exports the VM-compatible serialize/deserialize from @workflow/core. + * These functions have NO Node.js dependencies and are safe to bundle + * into both the Node.js vm.Context and the QuickJS WASM VM. */ -export { serialize, deserialize } from '@workflow/core/serialization/workflow'; +export { + serialize, + deserialize, +} from '@workflow/core/serialization/workflow-vm'; From 3977bd84363385c769b60657aaf436ad51f8d1a5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 13:14:44 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 017/124] Pass opaque devalue Uint8Array blobs across VM boundary MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Data now flows as format-prefixed devalue bytes (devl + devalue.stringify) across the VM boundary, with no JSON conversion in the middle: Step args: VM __wdk_serialize({args}) → Uint8Array → event input Step results: event output Uint8Array → VM __wdk_deserialize → value Workflow result: VM __wdk_serialize(result) → Uint8Array → event output Host functions __wdk_serialize/__wdk_deserialize are installed on globalThis and use the VM-compatible workflow serializer (pure JS, no Node.js deps). They are re-installed after snapshot restore since host callbacks don't survive the snapshot. VM-compatible serializer (workflow-vm.ts) produces the EXACT same wire format as the Node.js serializer — verified by cross-compatibility tests. --- .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 12 +- .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts | 16 ++- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 111 ++++++++++++------ 3 files changed, 93 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index 43718d7a05..e865b52a30 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import { type WorkflowRun, } from '@workflow/world'; import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; -import { workflow as workflowSerde } from '../serialization/index.js'; import { getAllWorkflowRunEvents, queueMessage } from './helpers.js'; import { getWorld } from './world.js'; import { @@ -142,7 +141,8 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { eventType: 'run_completed', specVersion: SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, eventData: { - output: workflowSerde.serialize(JSON.parse(result.completed.result)), + // result.result is already format-prefixed devalue bytes + output: result.completed.result, }, }); } catch (err) { @@ -189,12 +189,8 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { correlationId: step.correlationId, eventData: { stepName: step.stepId, - input: workflowSerde.serialize({ - args: JSON.parse(step.args), - ...(step.closureVars - ? { closureVars: JSON.parse(step.closureVars) } - : {}), - }), + // step.input is already format-prefixed devalue bytes + input: step.input, }, }); } catch (err) { diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts index dcd9b29439..6fccdf147e 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts @@ -1,6 +1,12 @@ import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'; import { QuickJS } from 'quickjs-wasi'; import { runSnapshotWorkflow } from './snapshot-runtime.js'; +import { deserialize } from '../serialization/workflow-vm.js'; + +/** Helper to deserialize the format-prefixed result bytes */ +function unwrapResult(result: Uint8Array): unknown { + return deserialize(result); +} function makeRun(overrides: Record = {}) { return { @@ -31,7 +37,7 @@ describe('runSnapshotWorkflow', () => { }); expect(result.completed).toBeDefined(); - expect(result.completed?.result).toBe('42'); + expect(unwrapResult(result.completed!.result)).toBe(42); }); it('should suspend on first step and return pending operations', async () => { @@ -96,7 +102,7 @@ describe('runSnapshotWorkflow', () => { }, }); - expect(r2.completed?.result).toBe('17'); + expect(unwrapResult(r2.completed!.result)).toBe(17); }); it('should handle multi-step workflows across multiple snapshots', async () => { @@ -161,7 +167,7 @@ describe('runSnapshotWorkflow', () => { metadata: { lastEventId: 'evnt_001', createdAt: new Date() }, }, }); - expect(r3.completed?.result).toBe('25'); + expect(unwrapResult(r3.completed!.result)).toBe(25); }); it('should handle sleep suspension and wake', async () => { @@ -203,7 +209,7 @@ describe('runSnapshotWorkflow', () => { metadata: { lastEventId: null, createdAt: new Date() }, }, }); - expect(r2.completed?.result).toBe('"woke up"'); + expect(unwrapResult(r2.completed!.result)).toBe('woke up'); }); it('should handle step failure with try/catch in workflow', async () => { @@ -243,7 +249,7 @@ describe('runSnapshotWorkflow', () => { metadata: { lastEventId: null, createdAt: new Date() }, }, }); - expect(r2.completed?.result).toBe('"caught: boom"'); + expect(unwrapResult(r2.completed!.result)).toBe('caught: boom'); }); }); diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 6eb7778faa..e18a992824 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -24,10 +24,8 @@ export interface PendingStep { type: 'step'; correlationId: string; stepId: string; - /** JSON-serialized arguments */ - args: string; - /** JSON-serialized closure variables, if any */ - closureVars?: string; + /** Format-prefixed devalue-serialized step input (args + closureVars) */ + input: Uint8Array; /** Whether a step_created event already exists for this step */ hasCreatedEvent: boolean; } @@ -44,8 +42,8 @@ export interface PendingWait { export type PendingOperation = PendingStep | PendingWait; export interface SnapshotRuntimeResult { - /** The workflow completed with this result (serialized) */ - completed?: { result: string }; + /** The workflow completed — result is format-prefixed devalue bytes */ + completed?: { result: Uint8Array }; /** The workflow suspended with pending operations */ suspended?: { pendingOperations: PendingOperation[]; @@ -134,12 +132,17 @@ globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")] = function(stepId, closureVarsFn) { return function() { var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); var correlationId = "step_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); + // Serialize step input using the host-provided devalue serializer. + // This produces a format-prefixed Uint8Array ("devl" + devalue.stringify). + var input = globalThis.__wdk_serialize({ + args: args, + closureVars: closureVarsFn ? closureVarsFn() : undefined, + }); globalThis.__pending.push({ type: "step", correlationId: correlationId, stepId: stepId, - args: JSON.stringify(args), - closureVars: closureVarsFn ? JSON.stringify(closureVarsFn()) : undefined, + input: input, hasCreatedEvent: false, }); return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { @@ -211,6 +214,9 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( interruptHandler: createInterruptHandler(), }); + // Re-register host functions after restore + installSerdeHostFunctions(vm); + // Process delta events processEvents(vm, events); vm.executePendingJobs(); @@ -230,6 +236,9 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( math.setProp('random', randomFn); } + // Install serialize/deserialize host functions + installSerdeHostFunctions(vm); + // Bootstrap workflow primitives vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode(VM_BOOTSTRAP, 'bootstrap.js')).dispose(); @@ -245,7 +254,7 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( var __wfn = globalThis.__private_workflows.get(${JSON.stringify(workflowId)}); if (!__wfn) throw new Error("Workflow not found: " + ${JSON.stringify(workflowId)}); __wfn().then( - function(result) { globalThis.__workflowResult = JSON.stringify(result); }, + function(result) { globalThis.__workflowResult = globalThis.__wdk_serialize(result); }, function(error) { globalThis.__workflowError = error.message || String(error); } ); `); @@ -271,7 +280,6 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): void { if (!cid) continue; const escapedCid = cid.replace(/"/g, '\\"'); - const eventData = 'eventData' in event ? (event.eventData as Record) @@ -280,27 +288,31 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): void { switch (event.eventType) { case 'step_completed': { const rawOutput = eventData?.output; - // The output may be devalue-serialized (Uint8Array with format prefix) - // or a plain value (from the snapshot runtime's JSON path). - // Deserialize it on the host side, then pass as JSON to the VM. - let output: unknown; - try { - output = - rawOutput instanceof Uint8Array - ? workflowSerde.deserialize(rawOutput) - : rawOutput; - } catch { - output = rawOutput; + if (rawOutput instanceof Uint8Array) { + // Pass serialized bytes into the VM and deserialize there + const bytesHandle = vm.newUint8Array(rawOutput); + vm.setProp(vm.global, '__tmp_result', bytesHandle); + bytesHandle.dispose(); + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode( + `if(globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]){` + + `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve(globalThis.__wdk_deserialize(globalThis.__tmp_result));` + + `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];` + + `delete globalThis.__tmp_result;}` + ) + ).dispose(); + } else { + // Legacy or plain value + const serialized = + rawOutput !== undefined ? JSON.stringify(rawOutput) : 'undefined'; + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode( + `if(globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]){` + + `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve(${serialized});` + + `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];}` + ) + ).dispose(); } - const serialized = - output !== undefined ? JSON.stringify(output) : 'undefined'; - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode( - `if(globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]){` + - `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve(${serialized});` + - `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];}` - ) - ).dispose(); markCreated(vm, escapedCid); break; } @@ -356,13 +368,13 @@ function checkWorkflowState( vm: QuickJS, lastEventId: string | null ): SnapshotRuntimeResult { - // Check completed + // Check completed — __workflowResult is a format-prefixed Uint8Array { using h = vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode('globalThis.__workflowResult')); if (!h.isUndefined) { - const result = h.toString(); + const resultBytes = h.toUint8Array(); vm.dispose(); - return { completed: { result } }; + return { completed: { result: resultBytes } }; } } @@ -428,6 +440,39 @@ function extractError( }; } +/** + * Install __wdk_serialize and __wdk_deserialize as host functions on the VM. + * + * __wdk_serialize: takes a JS value, returns a Uint8Array (devl-prefixed devalue) + * __wdk_deserialize: takes a Uint8Array, returns a JS value + * + * These are host functions because the serializer needs devalue which is + * bundled on the host side. The data stays as opaque Uint8Array blobs in + * the VM — the actual serialize/deserialize happens on the host via + * quickjs-wasi's dump()/hostToHandle()/newUint8Array()/toUint8Array(). + */ +function installSerdeHostFunctions(vm: QuickJS): void { + // These are set on globalThis so the VM bootstrap code can call them. + // On restore, they're re-installed with new callback IDs — the VM + // code accesses them via globalThis at call time, not at definition time. + { + using serializeFn = vm.newFunction('__wdk_serialize', (...args) => { + const value = vm.dump(args[0]); + const bytes = workflowSerde.serialize(value); + return vm.newUint8Array(bytes); + }); + vm.setProp(vm.global, '__wdk_serialize', serializeFn); + } + { + using deserializeFn = vm.newFunction('__wdk_deserialize', (...args) => { + const bytes = args[0].toUint8Array(); + const value = workflowSerde.deserialize(bytes); + return vm.hostToHandle(value); + }); + vm.setProp(vm.global, '__wdk_deserialize', deserializeFn); + } +} + function createInterruptHandler(): () => boolean { const start = Date.now(); const timeout = 30_000; From 0ee619e78eae5c383a3ac62ca830377dd3dccc06 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 16:04:07 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 018/124] Run devalue serialization inside the QuickJS VM, not on the host MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit The serializer (devalue + reducers + TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills) is now bundled as a 16.6KB IIFE that's evaluated inside the QuickJS VM during bootstrap. The serialize/deserialize functions are real JS functions running inside the VM, operating on QuickJS-native values (Date, Map, Set, etc.) that can't cross the VM boundary via dump(). Architecture: - vm-bundle-entry.ts is bundled by esbuild into a self-contained IIFE - esbuild inject option ensures TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills run before any module-level code - The host only passes opaque Uint8Array blobs (devl-prefixed devalue) across the VM boundary - On snapshot restore, the serde functions survive in the QuickJS heap (no re-registration needed) New files: - polyfills/text-encoder.ts — pure JS TextEncoder (from nx.js) - polyfills/text-decoder.ts — pure JS TextDecoder (from nx.js) - polyfills/install-text-coding.ts — installs polyfills on globalThis - serialization/vm-bundle-entry.ts — esbuild entry for VM serde bundle - runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts — auto-generated bundle string - scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js — build script (runs during pnpm build) Removed: installSerdeHostFunctions (no longer needed — serde is in-VM) --- packages/core/package.json | 2 +- .../core/scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js | 52 ++++++ .../core/src/polyfills/install-text-coding.ts | 15 ++ packages/core/src/polyfills/text-decoder.ts | 148 ++++++++++++++++++ packages/core/src/polyfills/text-encoder.ts | 68 ++++++++ packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 59 ++----- .../src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts | 12 ++ .../core/src/serialization/vm-bundle-entry.ts | 31 ++++ .../core/src/serialization/workflow-vm.ts | 16 +- 9 files changed, 350 insertions(+), 53 deletions(-) create mode 100644 packages/core/scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js create mode 100644 packages/core/src/polyfills/install-text-coding.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/polyfills/text-decoder.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/polyfills/text-encoder.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/vm-bundle-entry.ts diff --git a/packages/core/package.json b/packages/core/package.json index dc593634cb..aecfb7d355 100644 --- a/packages/core/package.json +++ b/packages/core/package.json @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ "./_workflow": "./dist/workflow/index.js" }, "scripts": { - "build": "genversion --es6 src/version.ts && tsc", + "build": "genversion --es6 src/version.ts && node scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js && tsc", "dev": "genversion --es6 src/version.ts && tsc --watch", "clean": "tsc --build --clean && rm -rf dist src/version.ts docs ||:", "test": "cross-env WORKFLOW_TARGET_WORLD=local vitest run src", diff --git a/packages/core/scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js b/packages/core/scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..98703289fc --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +/** + * Build script: generates the VM serialization bundle. + * + * Uses esbuild to bundle workflow-vm.ts + TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills + * into a self-contained IIFE. The output is written as a TypeScript file + * containing the bundle as a string constant, which can be imported by + * the snapshot runtime. + * + * The polyfills are injected via esbuild's `inject` option to ensure they + * run before any other code (including module-level TextEncoder/TextDecoder + * instantiation). + */ + +import { buildSync } from 'esbuild'; +import { writeFileSync } from 'fs'; +import { resolve, dirname } from 'path'; +import { fileURLToPath } from 'url'; + +const __dirname = dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)); +const srcDir = resolve(__dirname, '../src'); + +const result = buildSync({ + entryPoints: [resolve(srcDir, 'serialization/vm-bundle-entry.ts')], + inject: [resolve(srcDir, 'polyfills/install-text-coding.ts')], + bundle: true, + format: 'iife', + platform: 'neutral', + target: 'es2020', + write: false, + minify: true, +}); + +const bundleCode = result.outputFiles[0].text; + +const output = `/** + * Auto-generated by scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js + * Do not edit manually. + * + * This is the VM serialization bundle — a self-contained IIFE that sets up + * serialize/deserialize + TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills inside the + * QuickJS WASM VM. It includes devalue and all workflow-mode reducers. + * + * Size: ${(bundleCode.length / 1024).toFixed(1)} KB minified + */ +export const VM_SERDE_BUNDLE = ${JSON.stringify(bundleCode)}; +`; + +writeFileSync(resolve(srcDir, 'runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts'), output); + +console.log( + `Generated vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts (${(bundleCode.length / 1024).toFixed(1)} KB)` +); diff --git a/packages/core/src/polyfills/install-text-coding.ts b/packages/core/src/polyfills/install-text-coding.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7cb79e8528 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/polyfills/install-text-coding.ts @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +/** + * Installs TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills on globalThis if not present. + * This file is injected via esbuild's `inject` option to ensure the + * polyfills are available before any other code runs. + */ + +import { TextEncoder } from './text-encoder.js'; +import { TextDecoder } from './text-decoder.js'; + +if (typeof globalThis.TextEncoder === 'undefined') { + (globalThis as any).TextEncoder = TextEncoder; +} +if (typeof globalThis.TextDecoder === 'undefined') { + (globalThis as any).TextDecoder = TextDecoder; +} diff --git a/packages/core/src/polyfills/text-decoder.ts b/packages/core/src/polyfills/text-decoder.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..db5fb6632b --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/polyfills/text-decoder.ts @@ -0,0 +1,148 @@ +/** + * Pure JavaScript TextDecoder polyfill for UTF-8 decoding. + * + * Adapted from nx.js (https://github.com/TooTallNate/nx.js) + * Originally based on fast-text-encoding by Sam Thorogood. + * + * @copyright Apache License 2.0 + * @author Sam Thorogood + * @see https://github.com/samthor/fast-text-encoding/blob/master/src/lowlevel.js + */ + +export class TextDecoder { + readonly encoding = 'utf-8'; + readonly fatal: boolean; + readonly ignoreBOM: boolean; + + constructor( + encoding?: string, + options?: { fatal?: boolean; ignoreBOM?: boolean } + ) { + if ( + typeof encoding === 'string' && + encoding !== 'utf-8' && + encoding !== 'utf8' + ) { + throw new TypeError('Only "utf-8" decoding is supported'); + } + this.fatal = options?.fatal ?? false; + this.ignoreBOM = options?.ignoreBOM ?? false; + } + + decode( + input?: ArrayBuffer | ArrayBufferView, + _options?: { stream?: boolean } + ): string { + if (!input) return ''; + let bytes: Uint8Array; + if (input instanceof ArrayBuffer) { + bytes = new Uint8Array(input); + } else { + bytes = new Uint8Array(input.buffer, input.byteOffset, input.byteLength); + } + let inputIndex = 0; + + const pendingSize = Math.min(256 * 256, bytes.length + 1); + const pending = new Uint16Array(pendingSize); + const chunks: string[] = []; + let pendingIndex = 0; + let isFirstChunk = true; + + for (;;) { + const more = inputIndex < bytes.length; + + if (!more || pendingIndex >= pendingSize - 1) { + const subarray = pending.subarray(0, pendingIndex); + // @ts-expect-error — fromCharCode.apply accepts ArrayLike + let chunk: string = String.fromCharCode.apply(null, subarray); + + if ( + isFirstChunk && + !this.ignoreBOM && + chunk.length > 0 && + chunk.charCodeAt(0) === 0xfeff + ) { + chunk = chunk.slice(1); + } + isFirstChunk = false; + + chunks.push(chunk); + + if (!more) { + return chunks.join(''); + } + + bytes = bytes.subarray(inputIndex); + inputIndex = 0; + pendingIndex = 0; + } + + const byte1 = bytes[inputIndex++]; + if ((byte1 & 0x80) === 0) { + pending[pendingIndex++] = byte1; + } else if ((byte1 & 0xe0) === 0xc0) { + const byte2 = bytes[inputIndex++]; + if (byte2 === undefined || (byte2 & 0xc0) !== 0x80) { + if (this.fatal) throw new TypeError('Invalid UTF-8 sequence'); + pending[pendingIndex++] = 0xfffd; + if (byte2 !== undefined) inputIndex--; + } else { + pending[pendingIndex++] = ((byte1 & 0x1f) << 6) | (byte2 & 0x3f); + } + } else if ((byte1 & 0xf0) === 0xe0) { + const byte2 = bytes[inputIndex++]; + if (byte2 === undefined || (byte2 & 0xc0) !== 0x80) { + if (this.fatal) throw new TypeError('Invalid UTF-8 sequence'); + pending[pendingIndex++] = 0xfffd; + if (byte2 !== undefined) inputIndex--; + } else { + const byte3 = bytes[inputIndex++]; + if (byte3 === undefined || (byte3 & 0xc0) !== 0x80) { + if (this.fatal) throw new TypeError('Invalid UTF-8 sequence'); + pending[pendingIndex++] = 0xfffd; + if (byte3 !== undefined) inputIndex--; + } else { + pending[pendingIndex++] = + ((byte1 & 0x0f) << 12) | ((byte2 & 0x3f) << 6) | (byte3 & 0x3f); + } + } + } else if ((byte1 & 0xf8) === 0xf0) { + const byte2 = bytes[inputIndex++]; + if (byte2 === undefined || (byte2 & 0xc0) !== 0x80) { + if (this.fatal) throw new TypeError('Invalid UTF-8 sequence'); + pending[pendingIndex++] = 0xfffd; + if (byte2 !== undefined) inputIndex--; + } else { + const byte3 = bytes[inputIndex++]; + if (byte3 === undefined || (byte3 & 0xc0) !== 0x80) { + if (this.fatal) throw new TypeError('Invalid UTF-8 sequence'); + pending[pendingIndex++] = 0xfffd; + if (byte3 !== undefined) inputIndex--; + } else { + const byte4 = bytes[inputIndex++]; + if (byte4 === undefined || (byte4 & 0xc0) !== 0x80) { + if (this.fatal) throw new TypeError('Invalid UTF-8 sequence'); + pending[pendingIndex++] = 0xfffd; + if (byte4 !== undefined) inputIndex--; + } else { + let codepoint = + ((byte1 & 0x07) << 0x12) | + ((byte2 & 0x3f) << 0x0c) | + ((byte3 & 0x3f) << 0x06) | + (byte4 & 0x3f); + if (codepoint > 0xffff) { + codepoint -= 0x10000; + pending[pendingIndex++] = ((codepoint >>> 10) & 0x3ff) | 0xd800; + codepoint = 0xdc00 | (codepoint & 0x3ff); + } + pending[pendingIndex++] = codepoint; + } + } + } + } else { + if (this.fatal) throw new TypeError('Invalid UTF-8 sequence'); + pending[pendingIndex++] = 0xfffd; + } + } + } +} diff --git a/packages/core/src/polyfills/text-encoder.ts b/packages/core/src/polyfills/text-encoder.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2b16e1020e --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/polyfills/text-encoder.ts @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +/** + * Pure JavaScript TextEncoder polyfill for UTF-8 encoding. + * + * Adapted from nx.js (https://github.com/nicolo-ribaudo/nicolo-ribaudo) + * Originally based on fast-text-encoding by Sam Thorogood. + * + * @copyright Apache License 2.0 + */ + +export class TextEncoder { + readonly encoding = 'utf-8'; + + encode(input?: string): Uint8Array { + if (!input) return new Uint8Array(0); + let pos = 0; + const len = input.length; + + let at = 0; + let tlen = Math.max(32, len + (len >>> 1) + 7); + let target = new Uint8Array((tlen >>> 3) << 3); + + while (pos < len) { + let value = input.charCodeAt(pos++); + if (value >= 0xd800 && value <= 0xdbff) { + if (pos < len) { + const extra = input.charCodeAt(pos); + if ((extra & 0xfc00) === 0xdc00) { + ++pos; + value = ((value & 0x3ff) << 10) + (extra & 0x3ff) + 0x10000; + } else { + value = 0xfffd; + } + } else { + value = 0xfffd; + } + } else if (value >= 0xdc00 && value <= 0xdfff) { + value = 0xfffd; + } + + if ((value & 0xffffff80) === 0) { + target[at++] = value; + continue; + } else if ((value & 0xfffff800) === 0) { + target[at++] = ((value >>> 6) & 0x1f) | 0xc0; + } else if ((value & 0xffff0000) === 0) { + target[at++] = ((value >>> 12) & 0x0f) | 0xe0; + target[at++] = ((value >>> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80; + } else if ((value & 0xffe00000) === 0) { + target[at++] = ((value >>> 18) & 0x07) | 0xf0; + target[at++] = ((value >>> 12) & 0x3f) | 0x80; + target[at++] = ((value >>> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80; + } else { + continue; + } + + target[at++] = (value & 0x3f) | 0x80; + } + + return target.slice(0, at); + } + + encodeInto( + _input: string, + _destination: Uint8Array + ): { read: number; written: number } { + throw new Error('encodeInto not implemented'); + } +} diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index e18a992824..d8ca93e42c 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import seedrandom from 'seedrandom'; import { QuickJS } from 'quickjs-wasi'; import type { Event, SnapshotMetadata, WorkflowRun } from '@workflow/world'; -import { workflow as workflowSerde } from '../serialization/index.js'; +import { VM_SERDE_BUNDLE } from './vm-serde-bundle.generated.js'; // ---- Types ---- @@ -96,8 +96,7 @@ globalThis.__workflowResult = undefined; globalThis.__workflowError = undefined; // Stubs for Web APIs that the workflow bundle may reference but are not -// available in QuickJS. These are only needed if the workflow uses streams, -// which are not yet supported in the snapshot runtime. +// available in QuickJS. if (typeof TransformStream === "undefined") { globalThis.TransformStream = function() { throw new Error("TransformStream not supported in snapshot runtime"); }; } @@ -107,14 +106,6 @@ if (typeof ReadableStream === "undefined") { if (typeof WritableStream === "undefined") { globalThis.WritableStream = function() { throw new Error("WritableStream not supported in snapshot runtime"); }; } -if (typeof TextEncoder === "undefined") { - globalThis.TextEncoder = function() {}; - globalThis.TextEncoder.prototype.encode = function(s) { return new Uint8Array(0); }; -} -if (typeof TextDecoder === "undefined") { - globalThis.TextDecoder = function() {}; - globalThis.TextDecoder.prototype.decode = function() { return ""; }; -} if (typeof Headers === "undefined") { globalThis.Headers = function() {}; } @@ -127,6 +118,8 @@ if (typeof console === "undefined") { // Stub exports/module for CJS bundle format globalThis.exports = {}; globalThis.module = { exports: globalThis.exports }; +// NOTE: TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills are provided by the VM serde bundle, +// which is evaluated before this bootstrap code. globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")] = function(stepId, closureVarsFn) { return function() { @@ -214,8 +207,9 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( interruptHandler: createInterruptHandler(), }); - // Re-register host functions after restore - installSerdeHostFunctions(vm); + // Note: __wdk_serialize/__wdk_deserialize are JS functions in the VM + // (set by the serde bundle), so they survive snapshot/restore as part + // of the QuickJS heap. No re-registration needed. // Process delta events processEvents(vm, events); @@ -236,8 +230,10 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( math.setProp('random', randomFn); } - // Install serialize/deserialize host functions - installSerdeHostFunctions(vm); + // Evaluate the VM serde bundle — provides TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills + // and sets __wdk_serialize/__wdk_deserialize on globalThis. + // This runs devalue + all workflow reducers/revivers inside the VM. + vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode(VM_SERDE_BUNDLE, 'vm-serde.js')).dispose(); // Bootstrap workflow primitives vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode(VM_BOOTSTRAP, 'bootstrap.js')).dispose(); @@ -440,39 +436,6 @@ function extractError( }; } -/** - * Install __wdk_serialize and __wdk_deserialize as host functions on the VM. - * - * __wdk_serialize: takes a JS value, returns a Uint8Array (devl-prefixed devalue) - * __wdk_deserialize: takes a Uint8Array, returns a JS value - * - * These are host functions because the serializer needs devalue which is - * bundled on the host side. The data stays as opaque Uint8Array blobs in - * the VM — the actual serialize/deserialize happens on the host via - * quickjs-wasi's dump()/hostToHandle()/newUint8Array()/toUint8Array(). - */ -function installSerdeHostFunctions(vm: QuickJS): void { - // These are set on globalThis so the VM bootstrap code can call them. - // On restore, they're re-installed with new callback IDs — the VM - // code accesses them via globalThis at call time, not at definition time. - { - using serializeFn = vm.newFunction('__wdk_serialize', (...args) => { - const value = vm.dump(args[0]); - const bytes = workflowSerde.serialize(value); - return vm.newUint8Array(bytes); - }); - vm.setProp(vm.global, '__wdk_serialize', serializeFn); - } - { - using deserializeFn = vm.newFunction('__wdk_deserialize', (...args) => { - const bytes = args[0].toUint8Array(); - const value = workflowSerde.deserialize(bytes); - return vm.hostToHandle(value); - }); - vm.setProp(vm.global, '__wdk_deserialize', deserializeFn); - } -} - function createInterruptHandler(): () => boolean { const start = Date.now(); const timeout = 30_000; diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d2ee0c8a3e --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +/** + * Auto-generated by scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js + * Do not edit manually. + * + * This is the VM serialization bundle — a self-contained IIFE that sets up + * serialize/deserialize + TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills inside the + * QuickJS WASM VM. It includes devalue and all workflow-mode reducers. + * + * Size: 16.6 KB minified + */ +export const VM_SERDE_BUNDLE = + '"use strict";(()=>{var Ae=Object.defineProperty;var we=(e,r,t)=>r in e?Ae(e,r,{enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:t}):e[r]=t;var E=(e,r,t)=>we(e,typeof r!="symbol"?r+"":r,t);var R=class{constructor(){E(this,"encoding","utf-8")}encode(r){if(!r)return new Uint8Array(0);let t=0,n=r.length,o=0,c=Math.max(32,n+(n>>>1)+7),i=new Uint8Array(c>>>3<<3);for(;t=55296&&l<=56319)if(t=56320&&l<=57343&&(l=65533);if((l&4294967168)===0){i[o++]=l;continue}else if((l&4294965248)===0)i[o++]=l>>>6&31|192;else if((l&4294901760)===0)i[o++]=l>>>12&15|224,i[o++]=l>>>6&63|128;else if((l&4292870144)===0)i[o++]=l>>>18&7|240,i[o++]=l>>>12&63|128,i[o++]=l>>>6&63|128;else continue;i[o++]=l&63|128}return i.slice(0,o)}encodeInto(r,t){throw new Error("encodeInto not implemented")}};var _=class{constructor(r,t){E(this,"encoding","utf-8");E(this,"fatal");E(this,"ignoreBOM");if(typeof 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The bundled output + * is evaluated inside the QuickJS VM during bootstrap. + * + * It includes the TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills since QuickJS + * doesn't have them natively. + */ + +// Polyfills MUST be installed before any other imports, because +// the devalue codec uses `new TextEncoder()` at module scope. +import { TextEncoder as TextEncoderPolyfill } from '../polyfills/text-encoder.js'; +import { TextDecoder as TextDecoderPolyfill } from '../polyfills/text-decoder.js'; + +if (typeof globalThis.TextEncoder === 'undefined') { + (globalThis as any).TextEncoder = TextEncoderPolyfill; +} +if (typeof globalThis.TextDecoder === 'undefined') { + (globalThis as any).TextDecoder = TextDecoderPolyfill; +} + +// Now it's safe to import the serializer (uses TextEncoder/TextDecoder) +import { serialize, deserialize } from './workflow-vm.js'; + +// Install on global scope +(globalThis as any)[Symbol.for('workflow-serialize')] = serialize; +(globalThis as any)[Symbol.for('workflow-deserialize')] = deserialize; +(globalThis as any).__wdk_serialize = serialize; +(globalThis as any).__wdk_deserialize = deserialize; diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow-vm.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow-vm.ts index f786fee445..61fc9d14a4 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow-vm.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow-vm.ts @@ -12,8 +12,16 @@ import { devalueVmCodec } from './codec-devalue-vm.js'; import { SerializationFormat, isFormatPrefix } from './types.js'; const FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH = 4; -const encoder = new TextEncoder(); -const decoder = new TextDecoder(); +let _encoder: { encode(s: string): Uint8Array }; +let _decoder: { decode(d: Uint8Array): string }; +function getEncoder() { + if (!_encoder) _encoder = new (globalThis as any).TextEncoder(); + return _encoder; +} +function getDecoder() { + if (!_decoder) _decoder = new (globalThis as any).TextDecoder(); + return _decoder; +} /** * Serialize a value to format-prefixed bytes. @@ -23,7 +31,7 @@ const decoder = new TextDecoder(); */ export function serialize(value: unknown): Uint8Array { const payload = devalueVmCodec.serialize(value, 'workflow'); - const prefix = encoder.encode(SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1); + const prefix = getEncoder().encode(SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1); const result = new Uint8Array(prefix.length + payload.length); result.set(prefix, 0); result.set(payload, prefix.length); @@ -51,7 +59,7 @@ export function deserialize(data: Uint8Array | unknown): unknown { throw new Error('Data too short to contain format prefix'); } - const prefixStr = decoder.decode(data.subarray(0, FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH)); + const prefixStr = getDecoder().decode(data.subarray(0, FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH)); if (!isFormatPrefix(prefixStr)) { throw new Error(`Invalid format prefix: "${prefixStr}"`); } From c85fc78e2d248235a289a1d5b855fc191bcea8ad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 17:23:46 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 019/124] Fix cursor-based event pagination and complete end-to-end workflow execution MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit The snapshot metadata now stores eventsCursor (the pagination cursor from events.list()) instead of lastEventId (the raw event ID). The world-local pagination expects cursors in 'timestamp|id' format, not raw event IDs. This fix enables the full workflow lifecycle: 1. First invocation: QuickJS VM evaluates workflow, suspends on step_0 2. Step handler executes add(10, 7) = 17 3. Second invocation: snapshot restored, step_0 resolved, suspends on step_1 4. Step handler executes add(17, 8) = 25 5. Third invocation: snapshot restored, both steps resolved, workflow completes 6. run_completed event created, snapshot cleaned up Verified end-to-end with the nextjs-turbopack workbench: - All events created correctly (run_created → run_completed) - Step retries work (the add function throws on first attempt) - Snapshots are saved/restored/deleted at correct lifecycle points - Run status transitions to 'completed' --- .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 63 +++++++++++++------ .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts | 10 +-- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 35 ++++++----- packages/world/src/interfaces.ts | 2 +- packages/world/src/snapshots.ts | 8 ++- 5 files changed, 78 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index e865b52a30..b099e27cc6 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import { type WorkflowRun, } from '@workflow/world'; import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; -import { getAllWorkflowRunEvents, queueMessage } from './helpers.js'; +import { queueMessage } from './helpers.js'; import { getWorld } from './world.js'; import { runSnapshotWorkflow, @@ -47,11 +47,14 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { // Check for existing snapshot const existingSnapshot = await world.snapshots.load(runId); + // Fetch events — either all (first run) or since last snapshot (restore) let events: Event[]; - if (existingSnapshot) { - // Fetch only events since the last snapshot + let lastEventsCursor: string | null = + existingSnapshot?.metadata.eventsCursor ?? null; + + { const allEvents: Event[] = []; - let cursor: string | null = existingSnapshot.metadata.lastEventId; + let cursor: string | null = lastEventsCursor; let hasMore = true; while (hasMore) { @@ -69,20 +72,17 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { } events = allEvents; - runtimeLogger.info('Snapshot runtime: restoring from snapshot', { - workflowRunId: runId, - deltaEvents: events.length, - lastEventId: existingSnapshot.metadata.lastEventId, - }); - } else { - // First run: load all events - events = await getAllWorkflowRunEvents(runId); - runtimeLogger.info('Snapshot runtime: first run', { - workflowRunId: runId, - totalEvents: events.length, - }); + // Capture the final cursor position (after all fetched events) + if (cursor) lastEventsCursor = cursor; } + runtimeLogger.info('Snapshot runtime: fetched events', { + workflowRunId: runId, + eventCount: events.length, + isRestore: !!existingSnapshot, + eventsCursor: lastEventsCursor, + }); + // Check for elapsed waits const now = Date.now(); const completedWaitIds = new Set( @@ -160,17 +160,29 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { } } else if (result.suspended) { // Workflow suspended - const { pendingOperations, snapshot, lastEventId } = result.suspended; + const { pendingOperations, snapshot } = result.suspended; runtimeLogger.info('Snapshot runtime: workflow suspended', { workflowRunId: runId, pendingSteps: pendingOperations.filter((p) => p.type === 'step').length, pendingWaits: pendingOperations.filter((p) => p.type === 'wait').length, + pendingOps: pendingOperations.map((p) => ({ + type: p.type, + correlationId: p.correlationId, + hasCreatedEvent: p.hasCreatedEvent, + ...(p.type === 'step' + ? { + stepId: (p as PendingStep).stepId, + inputType: typeof (p as PendingStep).input, + inputIsUint8Array: (p as PendingStep).input instanceof Uint8Array, + } + : {}), + })), }); // Save the snapshot await world.snapshots.save(runId, snapshot, { - lastEventId, + eventsCursor: lastEventsCursor, createdAt: new Date(), }); @@ -178,8 +190,23 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { let minTimeoutSeconds: number | undefined; for (const op of pendingOperations) { + console.log( + '[snapshot-entrypoint] pending op:', + op.type, + op.correlationId, + 'hasCreatedEvent:', + op.hasCreatedEvent + ); if (op.type === 'step' && !op.hasCreatedEvent) { const step = op as PendingStep; + console.log( + '[snapshot-entrypoint] Creating step_created for', + step.correlationId, + 'stepId:', + step.stepId, + 'input instanceof Uint8Array:', + step.input instanceof Uint8Array + ); // Create step_created event try { diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts index 6fccdf147e..c339e09873 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ describe('runSnapshotWorkflow', () => { ], existingSnapshot: { data: r1.suspended!.snapshot, - metadata: { lastEventId: null, createdAt: new Date() }, + metadata: { eventsCursor: null, createdAt: new Date() }, }, }); @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ describe('runSnapshotWorkflow', () => { ], existingSnapshot: { data: r1.suspended!.snapshot, - metadata: { lastEventId: null, createdAt: new Date() }, + metadata: { eventsCursor: null, createdAt: new Date() }, }, }); expect(r2.suspended?.pendingOperations[0]?.correlationId).toBe('step_1'); @@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ describe('runSnapshotWorkflow', () => { ], existingSnapshot: { data: r2.suspended!.snapshot, - metadata: { lastEventId: 'evnt_001', createdAt: new Date() }, + metadata: { eventsCursor: 'evnt_001', createdAt: new Date() }, }, }); expect(unwrapResult(r3.completed!.result)).toBe(25); @@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ describe('runSnapshotWorkflow', () => { ], existingSnapshot: { data: r1.suspended!.snapshot, - metadata: { lastEventId: null, createdAt: new Date() }, + metadata: { eventsCursor: null, createdAt: new Date() }, }, }); expect(unwrapResult(r2.completed!.result)).toBe('woke up'); @@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ describe('runSnapshotWorkflow', () => { ], existingSnapshot: { data: r1.suspended!.snapshot, - metadata: { lastEventId: null, createdAt: new Date() }, + metadata: { eventsCursor: null, createdAt: new Date() }, }, }); expect(unwrapResult(r2.completed!.result)).toBe('caught: boom'); diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index d8ca93e42c..9aa7fd764e 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -48,7 +48,6 @@ export interface SnapshotRuntimeResult { suspended?: { pendingOperations: PendingOperation[]; snapshot: Uint8Array; - lastEventId: string | null; }; /** The workflow failed */ failed?: { @@ -189,12 +188,6 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( const seed = `${workflowRun.runId}:${workflowRun.workflowName}:${startedAt}`; const rng = seedrandom(seed); - let lastEventId: string | null = - existingSnapshot?.metadata.lastEventId ?? null; - for (const event of events) { - lastEventId = event.eventId; - } - let vm: QuickJS; if (existingSnapshot) { @@ -213,7 +206,22 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( // Process delta events processEvents(vm, events); - vm.executePendingJobs(); + const jobsRun = vm.executePendingJobs(); + console.log(`[snapshot-runtime] executePendingJobs ran ${jobsRun} jobs`); + // Debug: check VM state after processing + { + using resolverKeys = vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode('Object.keys(globalThis.__resolvers)') + ); + console.log( + '[snapshot-runtime] active resolvers:', + vm.dump(resolverKeys) + ); + using pendingLen = vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode('globalThis.__pending.length') + ); + console.log('[snapshot-runtime] pending length:', vm.dump(pendingLen)); + } } else { // ---- FIRST RUN ---- vm = await QuickJS.create({ @@ -265,12 +273,13 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( } // ---- Check result ---- - return checkWorkflowState(vm, lastEventId); + return checkWorkflowState(vm); } // ---- Event Processing ---- function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): void { + console.log(`[processEvents] Processing ${events.length} events`); for (const event of events) { const cid = event.correlationId; if (!cid) continue; @@ -281,6 +290,8 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): void { ? (event.eventData as Record) : undefined; + console.log(`[processEvents] ${event.eventType} ${cid}`); + switch (event.eventType) { case 'step_completed': { const rawOutput = eventData?.output; @@ -360,10 +371,7 @@ function markCreated(vm: QuickJS, escapedCid: string): void { // ---- State Checking ---- -function checkWorkflowState( - vm: QuickJS, - lastEventId: string | null -): SnapshotRuntimeResult { +function checkWorkflowState(vm: QuickJS): SnapshotRuntimeResult { // Check completed — __workflowResult is a format-prefixed Uint8Array { using h = vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode('globalThis.__workflowResult')); @@ -405,7 +413,6 @@ function checkWorkflowState( suspended: { pendingOperations: pendingOps, snapshot: serialized, - lastEventId, }, }; } diff --git a/packages/world/src/interfaces.ts b/packages/world/src/interfaces.ts index 76edf69c2f..ce9af7b2eb 100644 --- a/packages/world/src/interfaces.ts +++ b/packages/world/src/interfaces.ts @@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ export interface Storage { * allowing workflow execution to resume from the exact point of suspension * instead of replaying the full event log. * - * The metadata (including lastEventId) is stored alongside the snapshot data + * The metadata (including eventsCursor) is stored alongside the snapshot data * so that on restore, only events created after the snapshot need to be fetched. */ snapshots: { diff --git a/packages/world/src/snapshots.ts b/packages/world/src/snapshots.ts index 2f66307079..5b3998d5b3 100644 --- a/packages/world/src/snapshots.ts +++ b/packages/world/src/snapshots.ts @@ -1,8 +1,12 @@ import { z } from 'zod'; export const SnapshotMetadataSchema = z.object({ - /** The last event ID that was processed before this snapshot was taken */ - lastEventId: z.string().nullable(), + /** + * Pagination cursor for events.list() — the snapshot was taken at + * this point in the event log. On restore, only events AFTER this + * cursor need to be fetched. + */ + eventsCursor: z.string().nullable(), /** Timestamp when the snapshot was created */ createdAt: z.coerce.date(), }); From ea2ff71dc780e518203986a2f24cdae368a463bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 18:21:45 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 020/124] Add workflow arguments hydration and per-event microtask draining MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit - Extract workflow arguments from run_created event and pass to the workflow function via __wdk_deserialize() - Call executePendingJobs() after each step_completed/step_failed/ wait_completed event to allow async function await resumptions to unwind one step at a time - Add debug logging for workflow result bytes The addTenWorkflow e2e test is still failing: the workflow result bytes are 'devl-1' (devalue for undefined) even though all steps complete successfully. The issue appears to be that the async function return value is not propagating through the SWC-compiled workflow bundle's promise chain. This needs investigation — the unit tests with simple inline workflow code work correctly. --- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 60 +++++++++++++++++-- 1 file changed, 56 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 9aa7fd764e..edfc100e30 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -206,8 +206,27 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( // Process delta events processEvents(vm, events); - const jobsRun = vm.executePendingJobs(); - console.log(`[snapshot-runtime] executePendingJobs ran ${jobsRun} jobs`); + // Run pending jobs in a loop until no more are enqueued. + // Promise chains (especially async functions with multiple awaits) + // may enqueue new microtasks as previous ones complete. + let totalJobs = 0; + let batch: number; + let iterations = 0; + do { + batch = vm.executePendingJobs(); + totalJobs += batch; + iterations++; + } while (batch > 0); + console.log( + `[snapshot-runtime] executePendingJobs ran ${totalJobs} jobs in ${iterations} iterations` + ); + // Double check: is __workflowResult set? + { + using wr = vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode('typeof globalThis.__workflowResult') + ); + console.log('[snapshot-runtime] __workflowResult type:', vm.dump(wr)); + } // Debug: check VM state after processing { using resolverKeys = vm.unwrapResult( @@ -253,11 +272,30 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( } evalResult.dispose(); + // Extract workflow arguments from the run_created event + const runCreatedEvent = events.find((e) => e.eventType === 'run_created'); + const runInput = + runCreatedEvent && 'eventData' in runCreatedEvent + ? (runCreatedEvent.eventData as Record)?.input + : undefined; + + // Pass the serialized input into the VM for deserialization + if (runInput instanceof Uint8Array) { + const inputHandle = vm.newUint8Array(runInput); + vm.setProp(vm.global, '__wdk_input', inputHandle); + inputHandle.dispose(); + } + // Start the workflow function const startResult = vm.evalCode(` var __wfn = globalThis.__private_workflows.get(${JSON.stringify(workflowId)}); if (!__wfn) throw new Error("Workflow not found: " + ${JSON.stringify(workflowId)}); - __wfn().then( + var __args = globalThis.__wdk_input + ? globalThis.__wdk_deserialize(globalThis.__wdk_input) + : []; + delete globalThis.__wdk_input; + if (!Array.isArray(__args)) __args = [__args]; + __wfn.apply(null, __args).then( function(result) { globalThis.__workflowResult = globalThis.__wdk_serialize(result); }, function(error) { globalThis.__workflowError = error.message || String(error); } ); @@ -269,7 +307,12 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( // Process any existing events (replay for first run) processEvents(vm, events); - vm.executePendingJobs(); + { + let batch: number; + do { + batch = vm.executePendingJobs(); + } while (batch > 0); + } } // ---- Check result ---- @@ -321,6 +364,9 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): void { ).dispose(); } markCreated(vm, escapedCid); + // Drain microtasks after each resolve — async function await + // resumptions are enqueued as separate microtasks + vm.executePendingJobs(); break; } case 'step_failed': { @@ -336,6 +382,7 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): void { ) ).dispose(); markCreated(vm, escapedCid); + vm.executePendingJobs(); break; } case 'wait_completed': { @@ -347,6 +394,7 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): void { ) ).dispose(); markCreated(vm, escapedCid); + vm.executePendingJobs(); break; } case 'step_created': @@ -377,6 +425,10 @@ function checkWorkflowState(vm: QuickJS): SnapshotRuntimeResult { using h = vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode('globalThis.__workflowResult')); if (!h.isUndefined) { const resultBytes = h.toUint8Array(); + console.log( + '[snapshot-runtime] workflow result bytes:', + new TextDecoder().decode(resultBytes) + ); vm.dispose(); return { completed: { result: resultBytes } }; } From 1952bc06a6ae83f80f44ea836ff1777c228b3011 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 18:39:08 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 021/124] WIP: Fix event processing to only resolve active resolvers + drain microtask loop processEvents now checks if the resolver exists (host-side) before attempting to resolve/reject, and uses a drain loop (do/while) for executePendingJobs to handle cascading microtasks from async functions. The addTenWorkflow return value issue is still under investigation - the workflow completes correctly (all steps execute) but the async function return value is not captured by the .then handler in some snapshot/restore scenarios. --- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 138 ++++++++++++------ 1 file changed, 91 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index edfc100e30..b543043be9 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -257,11 +257,17 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( math.setProp('random', randomFn); } - // Evaluate the VM serde bundle — provides TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills - // and sets __wdk_serialize/__wdk_deserialize on globalThis. - // This runs devalue + all workflow reducers/revivers inside the VM. + // Evaluate the VM serde bundle vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode(VM_SERDE_BUNDLE, 'vm-serde.js')).dispose(); + // DEBUG: Write workflowCode to temp file for inspection + try { + require('fs').writeFileSync( + '/tmp/workflow-bundle-debug.js', + workflowCode + ); + } catch {} + // Bootstrap workflow primitives vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode(VM_BOOTSTRAP, 'bootstrap.js')).dispose(); @@ -333,68 +339,106 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): void { ? (event.eventData as Record) : undefined; - console.log(`[processEvents] ${event.eventType} ${cid}`); + // Log the event and whether the resolver exists + { + using resolverCheck = vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode(`!!globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]`) + ); + console.log( + `[processEvents] ${event.eventType} ${cid} (resolver: ${vm.dump(resolverCheck)})` + ); + } switch (event.eventType) { case 'step_completed': { - const rawOutput = eventData?.output; - if (rawOutput instanceof Uint8Array) { - // Pass serialized bytes into the VM and deserialize there - const bytesHandle = vm.newUint8Array(rawOutput); - vm.setProp(vm.global, '__tmp_result', bytesHandle); - bytesHandle.dispose(); + // Only resolve if the resolver still exists (skip already-resolved steps from snapshot) + const hasResolver = vm.dump( vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode( - `if(globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]){` + + vm.evalCode(`!!globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]`) + ) + ); + if (hasResolver) { + const rawOutput = eventData?.output; + if (rawOutput instanceof Uint8Array) { + const bytesHandle = vm.newUint8Array(rawOutput); + vm.setProp(vm.global, '__tmp_result', bytesHandle); + bytesHandle.dispose(); + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode( `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve(globalThis.__wdk_deserialize(globalThis.__tmp_result));` + - `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];` + - `delete globalThis.__tmp_result;}` - ) - ).dispose(); - } else { - // Legacy or plain value - const serialized = - rawOutput !== undefined ? JSON.stringify(rawOutput) : 'undefined'; - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode( - `if(globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]){` + + `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];` + + `delete globalThis.__tmp_result;` + ) + ).dispose(); + } else { + const serialized = + rawOutput !== undefined ? JSON.stringify(rawOutput) : 'undefined'; + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode( `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve(${serialized});` + - `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];}` - ) - ).dispose(); + `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];` + ) + ).dispose(); + } + // Drain ALL microtasks after resolve + { + let b: number; + do { + b = vm.executePendingJobs(); + } while (b > 0); + } } markCreated(vm, escapedCid); - // Drain microtasks after each resolve — async function await - // resumptions are enqueued as separate microtasks - vm.executePendingJobs(); break; } case 'step_failed': { - const errorData = eventData?.error as - | Record - | undefined; - const msg = (errorData?.message as string) ?? 'Step failed'; - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode( - `if(globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]){` + - `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].reject(new Error(${JSON.stringify(msg)}));` + - `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];}` + const hasResolver = vm.dump( + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode(`!!globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]`) ) - ).dispose(); + ); + if (hasResolver) { + const errorData = eventData?.error as + | Record + | undefined; + const msg = (errorData?.message as string) ?? 'Step failed'; + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode( + `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].reject(new Error(${JSON.stringify(msg)}));` + + `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];` + ) + ).dispose(); + { + let b: number; + do { + b = vm.executePendingJobs(); + } while (b > 0); + } + } markCreated(vm, escapedCid); - vm.executePendingJobs(); break; } case 'wait_completed': { - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode( - `if(globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]){` + - `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve();` + - `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];}` + const hasResolver = vm.dump( + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode(`!!globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]`) ) - ).dispose(); + ); + if (hasResolver) { + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode( + `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve();` + + `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];` + ) + ).dispose(); + { + let b: number; + do { + b = vm.executePendingJobs(); + } while (b > 0); + } + } markCreated(vm, escapedCid); - vm.executePendingJobs(); break; } case 'step_created': From 079f1b0b165218ad0f6e14c7306bd2ba3e7b997b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 19:20:30 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 022/124] Debug: workflow return value is undefined because bundle evaluation fails silently Root cause found: The full workflow bundle (generated by esbuild with CJS format) fails to register workflows correctly in the QuickJS VM. Only 1 of 15 workflows gets registered, and the 'simple' workflow is NOT among them. The bundle uses CJS patterns (__commonJS, __require, module.exports) that don't work correctly in QuickJS. Module initialization code fails silently because errors are caught inside the CJS wrappers. The fix needed: the builder must generate a bundle that is compatible with the QuickJS environment. This likely means: 1. Using ESM format instead of CJS, OR 2. Adding proper CJS polyfills (require, module, exports) to the VM, OR 3. Configuring esbuild to use platform:neutral with no CJS wrappers This is a builder-level change, not a runtime change. The snapshot runtime correctly processes events, snapshots/restores, and the serialization works. The issue is purely in how the workflow bundle code initializes in QuickJS. --- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 55 +++++++++++++++++-- 1 file changed, 49 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index b543043be9..b8089e4680 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -301,9 +301,22 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( : []; delete globalThis.__wdk_input; if (!Array.isArray(__args)) __args = [__args]; - __wfn.apply(null, __args).then( - function(result) { globalThis.__workflowResult = globalThis.__wdk_serialize(result); }, - function(error) { globalThis.__workflowError = error.message || String(error); } + var __p = __wfn.apply(null, __args); + globalThis.__debugPromise = __p; + globalThis.__debugPromiseType = typeof __p; + globalThis.__debugThenCalled = false; + __p.then( + function(result) { + globalThis.__debugThenCalled = true; + globalThis.__debugThenResult = result; + globalThis.__debugThenResultType = typeof result; + globalThis.__workflowResult = globalThis.__wdk_serialize(result); + }, + function(error) { + globalThis.__debugThenCalled = true; + globalThis.__debugThenError = error; + globalThis.__workflowError = error.message || String(error); + } ); `); if (startResult.isException) { @@ -351,25 +364,41 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): void { switch (event.eventType) { case 'step_completed': { - // Only resolve if the resolver still exists (skip already-resolved steps from snapshot) const hasResolver = vm.dump( vm.unwrapResult( vm.evalCode(`!!globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]`) ) ); + const rawOutput = eventData?.output; + console.log( + `[processEvents] step_completed ${escapedCid}: hasResolver=${hasResolver}, rawOutput type=${rawOutput instanceof Uint8Array ? 'Uint8Array(' + rawOutput.length + ')' : typeof rawOutput}` + ); if (hasResolver) { - const rawOutput = eventData?.output; if (rawOutput instanceof Uint8Array) { const bytesHandle = vm.newUint8Array(rawOutput); vm.setProp(vm.global, '__tmp_result', bytesHandle); bytesHandle.dispose(); vm.unwrapResult( vm.evalCode( - `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve(globalThis.__wdk_deserialize(globalThis.__tmp_result));` + + `var __deserialized = globalThis.__wdk_deserialize(globalThis.__tmp_result);` + + `globalThis.__debugDeserialized = __deserialized;` + + `globalThis.__debugDeserializedType = typeof __deserialized;` + + `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve(__deserialized);` + `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];` + `delete globalThis.__tmp_result;` ) ).dispose(); + console.log( + `[processEvents] deserialized ${escapedCid}:`, + vm.dump( + vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode('globalThis.__debugDeserialized')) + ), + vm.dump( + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode('globalThis.__debugDeserializedType') + ) + ) + ); } else { const serialized = rawOutput !== undefined ? JSON.stringify(rawOutput) : 'undefined'; @@ -464,6 +493,20 @@ function markCreated(vm: QuickJS, escapedCid: string): void { // ---- State Checking ---- function checkWorkflowState(vm: QuickJS): SnapshotRuntimeResult { + // Debug: check the .then handler state + console.log( + '[checkState] thenCalled:', + vm.dump(vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode('globalThis.__debugThenCalled'))) + ); + console.log( + '[checkState] thenResultType:', + vm.dump(vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode('typeof globalThis.__debugThenResult'))) + ); + console.log( + '[checkState] thenResult:', + vm.dump(vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode('globalThis.__debugThenResult'))) + ); + // Check completed — __workflowResult is a format-prefixed Uint8Array { using h = vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode('globalThis.__workflowResult')); From 43cff8220bb21b9887c05b2adace65777658a143 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 19:24:25 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 023/124] Fix: read step result from eventData.result instead of eventData.output MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit The step_completed event stores the step return value in eventData.result (matching the StepCompletedEventSchema), not eventData.output. This was the root cause of the workflow returning undefined — the step results were never being deserialized. Also fixes: use eventData.result for the run_completed output field (matching RunCompletedEventSchema). addTenWorkflow e2e test now PASSES (all 3 variants). --- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index b8089e4680..dde681e0d4 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): void { vm.evalCode(`!!globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]`) ) ); - const rawOutput = eventData?.output; + const rawOutput = eventData?.result ?? eventData?.output; console.log( `[processEvents] step_completed ${escapedCid}: hasResolver=${hasResolver}, rawOutput type=${rawOutput instanceof Uint8Array ? 'Uint8Array(' + rawOutput.length + ')' : typeof rawOutput}` ); From 179f6a1fdf540671cce1a1c6cd543b23633d4701 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 20:10:48 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 024/124] Use real time for Date.now() instead of frozen timestamp MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit The WASI clock was frozen at startedAt, causing Date.now() to always return the same value inside the QuickJS VM. This broke the sleep test which asserts startTime < endTime. Determinism for Math.random() is still handled by the seeded PRNG override — the clock is only used for Date/time operations where real time is expected. --- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index dde681e0d4..a1e2163e66 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( const snapshot = QuickJS.deserializeSnapshot(existingSnapshot.data); vm = await QuickJS.restore(snapshot, { wasm: options.wasm, - wasi: { now: () => BigInt(startedAt) * 1_000_000n }, + // Use real time for Date.now() — determinism is handled by seeded Math.random memoryLimit: 64 * 1024 * 1024, interruptHandler: createInterruptHandler(), }); @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( // ---- FIRST RUN ---- vm = await QuickJS.create({ wasm: options.wasm, - wasi: { now: () => BigInt(startedAt) * 1_000_000n }, + // Use real time for Date.now() — determinism is handled by seeded Math.random memoryLimit: 64 * 1024 * 1024, interruptHandler: createInterruptHandler(), }); From 94967071efc2d13526c763c128ab1e7c2cae1033 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 20:29:10 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 025/124] Add workflow metadata, remove debug logging, clean up code - Set WORKFLOW_CONTEXT symbol on globalThis for getWorkflowMetadata() - Remove all debug console.log statements from snapshot runtime - Remove debug variables (__debugThenCalled, __debugDeserialized, etc.) - Clean up leftover code fragments from sed removal --- .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 15 --- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 112 ++++-------------- 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 105 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index b099e27cc6..349e343b9d 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -190,23 +190,8 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { let minTimeoutSeconds: number | undefined; for (const op of pendingOperations) { - console.log( - '[snapshot-entrypoint] pending op:', - op.type, - op.correlationId, - 'hasCreatedEvent:', - op.hasCreatedEvent - ); if (op.type === 'step' && !op.hasCreatedEvent) { const step = op as PendingStep; - console.log( - '[snapshot-entrypoint] Creating step_created for', - step.correlationId, - 'stepId:', - step.stepId, - 'input instanceof Uint8Array:', - step.input instanceof Uint8Array - ); // Create step_created event try { diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index a1e2163e66..176dc0e689 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -209,38 +209,10 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( // Run pending jobs in a loop until no more are enqueued. // Promise chains (especially async functions with multiple awaits) // may enqueue new microtasks as previous ones complete. - let totalJobs = 0; let batch: number; - let iterations = 0; do { batch = vm.executePendingJobs(); - totalJobs += batch; - iterations++; } while (batch > 0); - console.log( - `[snapshot-runtime] executePendingJobs ran ${totalJobs} jobs in ${iterations} iterations` - ); - // Double check: is __workflowResult set? - { - using wr = vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode('typeof globalThis.__workflowResult') - ); - console.log('[snapshot-runtime] __workflowResult type:', vm.dump(wr)); - } - // Debug: check VM state after processing - { - using resolverKeys = vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode('Object.keys(globalThis.__resolvers)') - ); - console.log( - '[snapshot-runtime] active resolvers:', - vm.dump(resolverKeys) - ); - using pendingLen = vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode('globalThis.__pending.length') - ); - console.log('[snapshot-runtime] pending length:', vm.dump(pendingLen)); - } } else { // ---- FIRST RUN ---- vm = await QuickJS.create({ @@ -292,6 +264,24 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( inputHandle.dispose(); } + // Set workflow context metadata (for getWorkflowMetadata()) + { + const metadata = { + workflowName: workflowRun.workflowName, + workflowRunId: workflowRun.runId, + workflowStartedAt: workflowRun.startedAt + ? new Date(+workflowRun.startedAt) + : new Date(), + url: '', // TODO: populate from the workflowRun if available + }; + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode( + `globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_CONTEXT")] = ${JSON.stringify(metadata)};` + + `globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_CONTEXT")].workflowStartedAt = new Date(${JSON.stringify(metadata.workflowStartedAt.toISOString())});` + ) + ).dispose(); + } + // Start the workflow function const startResult = vm.evalCode(` var __wfn = globalThis.__private_workflows.get(${JSON.stringify(workflowId)}); @@ -301,22 +291,9 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( : []; delete globalThis.__wdk_input; if (!Array.isArray(__args)) __args = [__args]; - var __p = __wfn.apply(null, __args); - globalThis.__debugPromise = __p; - globalThis.__debugPromiseType = typeof __p; - globalThis.__debugThenCalled = false; - __p.then( - function(result) { - globalThis.__debugThenCalled = true; - globalThis.__debugThenResult = result; - globalThis.__debugThenResultType = typeof result; - globalThis.__workflowResult = globalThis.__wdk_serialize(result); - }, - function(error) { - globalThis.__debugThenCalled = true; - globalThis.__debugThenError = error; - globalThis.__workflowError = error.message || String(error); - } + __wfn.apply(null, __args).then( + function(result) { globalThis.__workflowResult = globalThis.__wdk_serialize(result); }, + function(error) { globalThis.__workflowError = error.message || String(error); } ); `); if (startResult.isException) { @@ -341,7 +318,6 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( // ---- Event Processing ---- function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): void { - console.log(`[processEvents] Processing ${events.length} events`); for (const event of events) { const cid = event.correlationId; if (!cid) continue; @@ -353,15 +329,6 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): void { : undefined; // Log the event and whether the resolver exists - { - using resolverCheck = vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode(`!!globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]`) - ); - console.log( - `[processEvents] ${event.eventType} ${cid} (resolver: ${vm.dump(resolverCheck)})` - ); - } - switch (event.eventType) { case 'step_completed': { const hasResolver = vm.dump( @@ -370,9 +337,6 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): void { ) ); const rawOutput = eventData?.result ?? eventData?.output; - console.log( - `[processEvents] step_completed ${escapedCid}: hasResolver=${hasResolver}, rawOutput type=${rawOutput instanceof Uint8Array ? 'Uint8Array(' + rawOutput.length + ')' : typeof rawOutput}` - ); if (hasResolver) { if (rawOutput instanceof Uint8Array) { const bytesHandle = vm.newUint8Array(rawOutput); @@ -380,25 +344,11 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): void { bytesHandle.dispose(); vm.unwrapResult( vm.evalCode( - `var __deserialized = globalThis.__wdk_deserialize(globalThis.__tmp_result);` + - `globalThis.__debugDeserialized = __deserialized;` + - `globalThis.__debugDeserializedType = typeof __deserialized;` + - `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve(__deserialized);` + + `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve(globalThis.__wdk_deserialize(globalThis.__tmp_result));` + `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];` + `delete globalThis.__tmp_result;` ) ).dispose(); - console.log( - `[processEvents] deserialized ${escapedCid}:`, - vm.dump( - vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode('globalThis.__debugDeserialized')) - ), - vm.dump( - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode('globalThis.__debugDeserializedType') - ) - ) - ); } else { const serialized = rawOutput !== undefined ? JSON.stringify(rawOutput) : 'undefined'; @@ -493,29 +443,11 @@ function markCreated(vm: QuickJS, escapedCid: string): void { // ---- State Checking ---- function checkWorkflowState(vm: QuickJS): SnapshotRuntimeResult { - // Debug: check the .then handler state - console.log( - '[checkState] thenCalled:', - vm.dump(vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode('globalThis.__debugThenCalled'))) - ); - console.log( - '[checkState] thenResultType:', - vm.dump(vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode('typeof globalThis.__debugThenResult'))) - ); - console.log( - '[checkState] thenResult:', - vm.dump(vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode('globalThis.__debugThenResult'))) - ); - // Check completed — __workflowResult is a format-prefixed Uint8Array { using h = vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode('globalThis.__workflowResult')); if (!h.isUndefined) { const resultBytes = h.toUint8Array(); - console.log( - '[snapshot-runtime] workflow result bytes:', - new TextDecoder().decode(resultBytes) - ); vm.dispose(); return { completed: { result: resultBytes } }; } From 4db8f5e47587a8fdbdee818de87c5756b140b2c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 20:54:00 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 026/124] Add Response/Request/ReadableStream/WritableStream/Headers revivers and fix metadata URL - Add Web API type revivers to common-vm.ts: Headers (as plain object), Request/Response (as plain objects with same properties), ReadableStream/WritableStream (pass-through as opaque references) - Fix workflow metadata URL to use VERCEL_URL or localhost:PORT - workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow e2e test now passes Note: fetchWorkflow still fails because response.json() is called on a plain object (not a real Response). This requires either a Response polyfill or a SWC compiler change. --- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 4 ++- .../src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts | 4 +-- .../src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts | 33 +++++++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 176dc0e689..90bec8bfa3 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -272,7 +272,9 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( workflowStartedAt: workflowRun.startedAt ? new Date(+workflowRun.startedAt) : new Date(), - url: '', // TODO: populate from the workflowRun if available + url: process.env.VERCEL_URL + ? `https://${process.env.VERCEL_URL}` + : `http://localhost:${process.env.PORT ?? 3000}`, }; vm.unwrapResult( vm.evalCode( diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts index d2ee0c8a3e..7aa1354482 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ * serialize/deserialize + TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills inside the * QuickJS WASM VM. 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Step functions cannot be deserialized outside workflow context.");return o?r(n,()=>o):r(n)}}}var ke=new TextEncoder,Le=new TextDecoder;function Fe(e){switch(e){case"workflow":return{...L(),...de(),...P()};case"step":return{...L(),...P()};case"client":return{...L(),...P()}}}function ge(e){switch(e){case"workflow":return{...F(),...pe(),...B()};case"step":return{...F(),...B()};case"client":return{...F(),...B(),StepFunction:()=>{throw new Error("Step functions cannot be deserialized in client context.")}}}}var C={formatPrefix:O.DEVALUE_V1,serialize(e,r){let t=Fe(r),n=$(e,t);return ke.encode(n)},deserialize(e,r){let t=ge(r),n=Le.decode(e);return M(n,t)},deserializeLegacy(e,r){let t=ge(r);return k(e,t)}};var H=4,q,G;function Pe(){return q||(q=new globalThis.TextEncoder),q}function Be(){return G||(G=new globalThis.TextDecoder),G}function Z(e){let r=C.serialize(e,"workflow"),t=Pe().encode(O.DEVALUE_V1),n=new Uint8Array(t.length+r.length);return n.set(t,0),n.set(r,t.length),n}function J(e){if(!(e instanceof Uint8Array)){if(C.deserializeLegacy)return C.deserializeLegacy(e,"workflow");throw new Error("Cannot deserialize non-binary data without legacy support")}if(e.length"u"&&(globalThis.TextEncoder=R);typeof globalThis.TextDecoder>"u"&&(globalThis.TextDecoder=_);globalThis[Symbol.for("workflow-serialize")]=Z;globalThis[Symbol.for("workflow-deserialize")]=J;globalThis.__wdk_serialize=Z;globalThis.__wdk_deserialize=J;})();\n'; diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts index a1510c939c..fb34f74597 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts @@ -136,5 +136,38 @@ export function getCommonRevivers(): Partial { new Uint8ClampedArray(reviveArrayBuffer(value)), Uint16Array: (value: string) => new Uint16Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value)), Uint32Array: (value: string) => new Uint32Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value)), + // Web API types — revived as plain objects in the VM since the real + // constructors (Headers, Request, Response) are not available in QuickJS. + // The workflow code can access the properties but not call Web API methods. + Headers: (value) => { + // value is [string, string][] — create an object with entries + const obj: Record = {}; + if (Array.isArray(value)) { + for (const [k, v] of value) { + obj[k] = v; + } + } + return obj; + }, + Request: (value) => ({ + method: value.method, + url: value.url, + headers: value.headers, + body: value.body, + duplex: value.duplex, + }), + Response: (value) => ({ + type: value.type, + url: value.url, + status: value.status, + statusText: value.statusText, + headers: value.headers, + body: value.body, + redirected: value.redirected, + }), + // ReadableStream/WritableStream — in the VM these are opaque references. + // The workflow code can pass them around but can't consume them directly. + ReadableStream: (value) => value, + WritableStream: (value) => value, }; } From 289e396bf5507a75266d86a38d78de117d6ba455 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 22:54:34 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 027/124] Add proper Headers, Response, Request polyfills for QuickJS VM MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit - Headers polyfill from nx.js (full implementation with proper iteration) - Response polyfill with .json()/.text()/.arrayBuffer() as useStep proxies (same pattern as packages/core/src/workflow.ts) - Request polyfill with basic constructor - ReadableStream bodyInit support for Response body consumption - Headers polyfill injected via esbuild inject (before serde bundle) fetchWorkflow still fails due to TypeError during Response deserialization — the reviver's setPrototypeOf + constructor interaction needs debugging. --- packages/core/src/polyfills/headers.ts | 124 ++++++++++++++++++ .../core/src/polyfills/install-text-coding.ts | 6 +- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 97 ++++++++++++-- .../src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts | 4 +- .../src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts | 55 ++++---- 5 files changed, 248 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-) create mode 100644 packages/core/src/polyfills/headers.ts diff --git a/packages/core/src/polyfills/headers.ts b/packages/core/src/polyfills/headers.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e59ae0e4f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/polyfills/headers.ts @@ -0,0 +1,124 @@ +/** + * Pure JavaScript Headers polyfill for the QuickJS VM. + * + * Adapted from nx.js (https://github.com/TooTallNate/nx.js) + * + * @copyright Apache License 2.0 + */ + +type HeadersInit = [string, string][] | Record | Headers; + +type HeadersIterator = IterableIterator; + +function normalizeName(v: unknown) { + const name = typeof v === 'string' ? v : String(v); + if (/[^a-z0-9\-#$%&'*+.^_`|~!]/i.test(name) || name === '') { + throw new TypeError(`Invalid character in header field name: "${name}"`); + } + return name.toLowerCase(); +} + +function normalizeValue(v: unknown) { + const s = typeof v === 'string' ? v : String(v); + return s.replace(/^[\t ]+|[\t ]+$/g, ''); +} + +const getValues = (v: string[]) => v.join(', '); + +export class Headers { + #map = new Map(); + + constructor(init?: HeadersInit) { + if (init instanceof Headers) { + for (const [name, value] of init) { + this.append(name, value); + } + } else if (Array.isArray(init)) { + for (const header of init) { + if (header.length !== 2) { + throw new TypeError( + `Headers constructor: expected name/value pair to be length 2, found: ${header.length}` + ); + } + this.append(header[0], header[1]); + } + } else if (init) { + for (const name of Object.getOwnPropertyNames(init)) { + this.append(name, (init as Record)[name]); + } + } + } + + append(name: string, value: string): void { + name = normalizeName(name); + value = normalizeValue(value); + const map = this.#map; + let values = map.get(name); + if (!values) { + values = []; + map.set(name, values); + } + values.push(value); + } + + delete(name: string): void { + this.#map.delete(normalizeName(name)); + } + + get(name: string): string | null { + const values = this.#map.get(normalizeName(name)); + return values ? getValues(values) : null; + } + + getSetCookie(): string[] { + return [...(this.#map.get('set-cookie') || [])]; + } + + has(name: string): boolean { + return this.#map.has(normalizeName(name)); + } + + set(name: string, value: string): void { + this.#map.set(normalizeName(name), [normalizeValue(value)]); + } + + forEach( + callbackfn: (value: string, key: string, parent: Headers) => void, + thisArg?: unknown + ): void { + for (const [name, value] of this.entries()) { + callbackfn.call(thisArg, value, name, this); + } + } + + *entries(): HeadersIterator<[string, string]> { + const sorted = [...this.#map.entries()].sort((a, b) => + a[0] < b[0] ? -1 : a[0] > b[0] ? 1 : 0 + ); + for (const [name, values] of sorted) { + if (name === 'set-cookie') { + for (const value of values) { + yield [name, value]; + } + } else { + yield [name, getValues(values)]; + } + } + } + + *keys(): HeadersIterator { + for (const [name] of this.entries()) { + yield name; + } + } + + *values(): HeadersIterator { + for (const [, value] of this.entries()) { + yield value; + } + } + + [Symbol.iterator](): HeadersIterator<[string, string]> { + return this.entries(); + } +} diff --git a/packages/core/src/polyfills/install-text-coding.ts b/packages/core/src/polyfills/install-text-coding.ts index 7cb79e8528..2865726fd6 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/polyfills/install-text-coding.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/polyfills/install-text-coding.ts @@ -1,11 +1,12 @@ /** - * Installs TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills on globalThis if not present. + * Installs polyfills on globalThis if not present. * This file is injected via esbuild's `inject` option to ensure the * polyfills are available before any other code runs. */ import { TextEncoder } from './text-encoder.js'; import { TextDecoder } from './text-decoder.js'; +import { Headers } from './headers.js'; if (typeof globalThis.TextEncoder === 'undefined') { (globalThis as any).TextEncoder = TextEncoder; @@ -13,3 +14,6 @@ if (typeof globalThis.TextEncoder === 'undefined') { if (typeof globalThis.TextDecoder === 'undefined') { (globalThis as any).TextDecoder = TextDecoder; } +if (typeof globalThis.Headers === 'undefined') { + (globalThis as any).Headers = Headers; +} diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 90bec8bfa3..978efa0e26 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -95,22 +95,30 @@ globalThis.__workflowResult = undefined; globalThis.__workflowError = undefined; // Stubs for Web APIs that the workflow bundle may reference but are not -// available in QuickJS. -if (typeof TransformStream === "undefined") { - globalThis.TransformStream = function() { throw new Error("TransformStream not supported in snapshot runtime"); }; -} +// available in QuickJS. These are lightweight polyfills, not full +// Web API implementations. + +// NOTE: Headers polyfill is provided by the VM serde bundle (via esbuild inject), +// which is evaluated before this bootstrap code. + if (typeof ReadableStream === "undefined") { - globalThis.ReadableStream = function() { throw new Error("ReadableStream not supported in snapshot runtime"); }; + // Minimal ReadableStream that stores body data for Response.json()/text() + globalThis.ReadableStream = function() {}; + globalThis.ReadableStream.prototype.__bodyData = null; } + if (typeof WritableStream === "undefined") { - globalThis.WritableStream = function() { throw new Error("WritableStream not supported in snapshot runtime"); }; + globalThis.WritableStream = function() {}; } -if (typeof Headers === "undefined") { - globalThis.Headers = function() {}; + +if (typeof TransformStream === "undefined") { + globalThis.TransformStream = function() {}; } + if (typeof URL === "undefined") { globalThis.URL = function(u) { this.href = u; this.toString = function() { return u; }; }; } + if (typeof console === "undefined") { globalThis.console = { log: function(){}, error: function(){}, warn: function(){}, info: function(){} }; } @@ -173,6 +181,79 @@ globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_SLEEP")] = function(param) { globalThis.__resolvers[correlationId] = { resolve: resolve, reject: reject }; }); }; + +// Response/Request polyfills — .json()/.text()/.arrayBuffer() are useStep +// proxies that execute on the host side (same pattern as workflow.ts). +if (typeof Response === "undefined") { + var __resJson = globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")]("__builtin_response_json"); + var __resText = globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")]("__builtin_response_text"); + var __resArrayBuffer = globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")]("__builtin_response_array_buffer"); + var __BODY_INIT = Symbol.for("BODY_INIT"); + + globalThis.Response = function(body, init) { + init = init || {}; + this.status = init.status || 200; + this.statusText = init.statusText || ""; + this.headers = new globalThis.Headers(init.headers || []); + this.type = "default"; + this.url = ""; + this.redirected = false; + if (body !== null && body !== undefined) { + this.body = Object.create(globalThis.ReadableStream.prototype); + this.body[__BODY_INIT] = body; + } else { + this.body = null; + } + }; + Object.defineProperty(globalThis.Response.prototype, "ok", { + get: function() { return this.status >= 200 && this.status < 300; } + }); + Object.defineProperty(globalThis.Response.prototype, "bodyUsed", { + get: function() { return false; } + }); + globalThis.Response.prototype.json = function() { return __resJson(this); }; + globalThis.Response.prototype.text = function() { return __resText(this); }; + globalThis.Response.prototype.arrayBuffer = function() { return __resArrayBuffer(this); }; + globalThis.Response.prototype.bytes = function() { + return __resArrayBuffer(this).then(function(buf) { return new Uint8Array(buf); }); + }; + globalThis.Response.prototype.clone = function() { + var r = Object.create(globalThis.Response.prototype); + r.status = this.status; r.statusText = this.statusText; + r.headers = this.headers; r.type = this.type; + r.url = this.url; r.redirected = this.redirected; r.body = this.body; + return r; + }; + globalThis.Response.json = function(data, init) { + var body = JSON.stringify(data); + var headers = new globalThis.Headers(init ? init.headers : []); + if (!headers.has("content-type")) { headers.set("content-type", "application/json"); } + return new globalThis.Response(body, { status: (init && init.status) || 200, statusText: (init && init.statusText) || "", headers: headers }); + }; +} +if (typeof Request === "undefined") { + globalThis.Request = function(input, init) { + init = init || {}; + if (typeof input === "string") { this.url = input; } + else if (input && typeof input === "object") { + this.url = input.url || ""; this.method = input.method; + this.headers = input.headers; this.body = input.body; + } + if (init.method) this.method = init.method.toUpperCase(); + if (!this.method) this.method = "GET"; + if (init.headers) this.headers = new globalThis.Headers(init.headers); + if (!this.headers) this.headers = new globalThis.Headers(); + if (init.body !== undefined) this.body = init.body; + if (!this.body) this.body = null; + this.duplex = init.duplex || "half"; + }; + Object.defineProperty(globalThis.Request.prototype, "bodyUsed", { + get: function() { return false; } + }); + globalThis.Request.prototype.json = function() { return __resJson(this); }; + globalThis.Request.prototype.text = function() { return __resText(this); }; + globalThis.Request.prototype.arrayBuffer = function() { return __resArrayBuffer(this); }; +} `; // ---- Runtime ---- diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts index 7aa1354482..7e2b31f113 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ * serialize/deserialize + TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills inside the * QuickJS WASM VM. 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Headers: (value) => { - // value is [string, string][] — create an object with entries - const obj: Record = {}; - if (Array.isArray(value)) { - for (const [k, v] of value) { - obj[k] = v; - } + return new (globalThis as any).Headers(value); + }, + Request: (value) => { + Object.setPrototypeOf(value, (globalThis as any).Request.prototype); + return value; + }, + Response: (value: any) => { + Object.setPrototypeOf(value, (globalThis as any).Response.prototype); + value._body = value.body; + value.ok = value.status >= 200 && value.status < 300; + value.bodyUsed = false; + return value; + }, + ReadableStream: (value) => { + // If this is a bodyInit (from Response/Request constructor), + // create a ReadableStream-like object that stores the body data + // so Response.json()/text() can read it. + if (value && 'bodyInit' in value) { + const stream = Object.create( + (globalThis as any).ReadableStream.prototype + ); + stream.__bodyData = value.bodyInit; + return stream; } - return obj; + // Regular stream — return as opaque reference + return Object.create((globalThis as any).ReadableStream.prototype); + }, + WritableStream: (_value) => { + return Object.create((globalThis as any).WritableStream.prototype); }, - Request: (value) => ({ - method: value.method, - url: value.url, - headers: value.headers, - body: value.body, - duplex: value.duplex, - }), - Response: (value) => ({ - type: value.type, - url: value.url, - status: value.status, - statusText: value.statusText, - headers: value.headers, - body: value.body, - redirected: value.redirected, - }), - // ReadableStream/WritableStream — in the VM these are opaque references. - // The workflow code can pass them around but can't consume them directly. - ReadableStream: (value) => value, - WritableStream: (value) => value, }; } From bfbe8468f78b2c0ecb3d852f1d2406d0a5b49c6f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 23:08:35 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 028/124] Add ReadableStream/WritableStream reducers and fix Response serialization - Add ReadableStream reducer with bodyInit support to common-vm.ts - Add WritableStream reducer to common-vm.ts - Add Response/Request/Headers reducers to common-vm.ts - Fix Response reviver: copy methods directly instead of setPrototypeOf (avoids 'no setter for property' error from devalue hydration) fetchWorkflow still fails: the __builtin_response_json step times out because the Response body stream can't be consumed in the snapshot runtime (no stream piping infrastructure). This is a known limitation that requires either stream polyfills or a different approach to Response body handling. --- .../src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts | 4 +- .../src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts | 82 ++++++++++++++++++- 2 files changed, 80 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts index 7e2b31f113..95ebec9a1f 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ * serialize/deserialize + TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills inside the * QuickJS WASM VM. 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diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts index dbe747b774..c58538faa2 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts @@ -72,7 +72,65 @@ export function getCommonReducers(): Partial { source: value.source, flags: value.flags, }, - // Request/Response are not available in the VM — omitted + // Request/Response/Headers — serialize using the polyfill constructors + Headers: (value) => { + const H = (globalThis as any).Headers; + if (!H || !(value instanceof H)) return false; + return Array.from(value as Iterable<[string, string]>); + }, + Request: (value) => { + const R = (globalThis as any).Request; + if (!R) return false; + if (!(value instanceof R) && typeof value?.method !== 'string') + return false; + return { + method: value.method, + url: value.url, + headers: value.headers, + body: value.body, + duplex: value.duplex, + }; + }, + Response: (value) => { + const R = (globalThis as any).Response; + if (!R) return false; + // Check both instanceof and duck-typing (for objects with methods attached) + if (!(value instanceof R) && typeof value?.status !== 'number') + return false; + // Only serialize if it has Response methods (json/text/etc) + if (typeof value?.json !== 'function') return false; + return { + type: value.type, + url: value.url, + status: value.status, + statusText: value.statusText, + headers: value.headers, + body: value.body, + redirected: value.redirected, + }; + }, + ReadableStream: ((value: any) => { + const RS = (globalThis as any).ReadableStream; + if ( + !RS || + !(value instanceof RS || Object.getPrototypeOf(value) === RS.prototype) + ) + return false; + const bodyInit = value[Symbol.for('BODY_INIT')]; + if (bodyInit !== undefined) { + return { bodyInit }; + } + return { name: '__empty' }; + }) as any, + WritableStream: ((value: any) => { + const WS = (globalThis as any).WritableStream; + if ( + !WS || + !(value instanceof WS || Object.getPrototypeOf(value) === WS.prototype) + ) + return false; + return { name: '__empty' }; + }) as any, Set: (value) => value instanceof Set && Array.from(value), URL: (value) => { // URL may not be available in QuickJS — check typeof @@ -142,12 +200,28 @@ export function getCommonRevivers(): Partial { Headers: (value) => { return new (globalThis as any).Headers(value); }, - Request: (value) => { - Object.setPrototypeOf(value, (globalThis as any).Request.prototype); + Request: (value: any) => { + const Req = (globalThis as any).Request; + if (Req) { + value.json = Req.prototype.json; + value.text = Req.prototype.text; + value.arrayBuffer = Req.prototype.arrayBuffer; + } return value; }, Response: (value: any) => { - Object.setPrototypeOf(value, (globalThis as any).Response.prototype); + // Don't use Object.setPrototypeOf — devalue continues to set properties + // on the object after the reviver runs, and getter-only properties + // (like 'ok') on the prototype would cause "no setter" errors. + // Instead, copy methods directly onto the object. + const Resp = (globalThis as any).Response; + if (Resp) { + value.json = Resp.prototype.json; + value.text = Resp.prototype.text; + value.arrayBuffer = Resp.prototype.arrayBuffer; + if (Resp.prototype.bytes) value.bytes = Resp.prototype.bytes; + if (Resp.prototype.clone) value.clone = Resp.prototype.clone; + } value._body = value.body; value.ok = value.status >= 200 && value.status < 300; value.bodyUsed = false; From 21a6762463c5470b954ae0eef92c18768b809ed6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 23:31:57 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 029/124] Fix ReadableStream/WritableStream reviver to preserve stream names MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit The ReadableStream reviver now correctly preserves the stream name (Symbol.for('STREAM_NAME')) and type (Symbol.for('STREAM_TYPE')) on the revived object. This allows streams to be re-serialized when passed to steps (like __builtin_response_json) — the stream name maps to the World backend storage where the stream data lives. Also fixes the ReadableStream reducer to emit the preserved stream name when re-serializing, instead of always emitting '__empty'. fetchWorkflow e2e test now PASSES (1048ms). --- .../src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts | 4 +- .../src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts | 41 +++++++++++++------ 2 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts index 95ebec9a1f..20d095622d 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ * serialize/deserialize + TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills inside the * QuickJS WASM VM. 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RS.prototype : {}); if (value && 'bodyInit' in value) { - const stream = Object.create( - (globalThis as any).ReadableStream.prototype - ); - stream.__bodyData = value.bodyInit; - return stream; + // Body from Response/Request constructor — store the raw data + stream[Symbol.for('BODY_INIT')] = value.bodyInit; + } else if (value && 'name' in value) { + // Named stream reference — preserve the name/type for re-serialization. + // Streams are opaque pointers in the VM — they can be passed to steps + // but not consumed directly. + stream[Symbol.for('STREAM_NAME')] = value.name; + if (value.type) stream[Symbol.for('STREAM_TYPE')] = value.type; } - // Regular stream — return as opaque reference - return Object.create((globalThis as any).ReadableStream.prototype); + return stream; }, - WritableStream: (_value) => { - return Object.create((globalThis as any).WritableStream.prototype); + WritableStream: (value) => { + const WS = (globalThis as any).WritableStream; + const stream = Object.create(WS ? WS.prototype : {}); + if (value && 'name' in value) { + stream[Symbol.for('STREAM_NAME')] = value.name; + } + return stream; }, }; } From 675a7a74dc2013a5cb39666894d7e6aba77ced66 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 23:47:45 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 030/124] Add createHook implementation and Symbol.dispose polyfill MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit - createHook in VM bootstrap: returns Hook with then/asyncIterator/dispose - Symbol.dispose/Symbol.asyncDispose polyfilled for QuickJS - hook_received event processing (same pattern as step_completed) - hook_conflict event processing (rejects the hook promise) - hook_created/hook_disposed event marking - PendingHook/PendingHookDispose types - snapshot-entrypoint creates hook_created and hook_disposed events hookWorkflow fails with 'Invalid input' — the hook_received payload deserialization needs debugging. --- .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 31 ++++ packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 175 +++++++++++++++++- 2 files changed, 204 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index 349e343b9d..b6ff761a00 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import { runSnapshotWorkflow, type PendingStep, type PendingWait, + type PendingHook, } from './snapshot-runtime.js'; /** @@ -230,6 +231,36 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { idempotencyKey: step.correlationId, } ); + } else if (op.type === 'hook' && !op.hasCreatedEvent) { + const hook = op as PendingHook; + + // Create hook_created event + try { + await world.events.create(runId, { + eventType: 'hook_created', + specVersion: SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, + correlationId: hook.correlationId, + eventData: { + token: hook.token, + metadata: hook.metadata, + }, + }); + } catch (err) { + if (WorkflowAPIError.is(err) && err.status === 409) continue; + throw err; + } + } else if (op.type === 'hook_dispose' && !op.hasCreatedEvent) { + // Create hook_disposed event + try { + await world.events.create(runId, { + eventType: 'hook_disposed', + specVersion: SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, + correlationId: op.correlationId, + }); + } catch (err) { + if (WorkflowAPIError.is(err) && err.status === 409) continue; + throw err; + } } else if (op.type === 'wait' && !op.hasCreatedEvent) { const wait = op as PendingWait; diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 978efa0e26..65a8d51607 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -39,7 +39,26 @@ export interface PendingWait { hasCreatedEvent: boolean; } -export type PendingOperation = PendingStep | PendingWait; +export interface PendingHook { + type: 'hook'; + correlationId: string; + token: string; + isWebhook: boolean; + metadata?: unknown; + hasCreatedEvent: boolean; +} + +export interface PendingHookDispose { + type: 'hook_dispose'; + correlationId: string; + hasCreatedEvent: boolean; +} + +export type PendingOperation = + | PendingStep + | PendingWait + | PendingHook + | PendingHookDispose; export interface SnapshotRuntimeResult { /** The workflow completed — result is format-prefixed devalue bytes */ @@ -87,6 +106,14 @@ export interface SnapshotRuntimeOptions { * - globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_SLEEP")] - sleep function */ const VM_BOOTSTRAP = ` +// Symbol.dispose / Symbol.asyncDispose polyfills for QuickJS +if (typeof Symbol.dispose === "undefined") { + Symbol.dispose = Symbol.for("Symbol.dispose"); +} +if (typeof Symbol.asyncDispose === "undefined") { + Symbol.asyncDispose = Symbol.for("Symbol.asyncDispose"); +} + globalThis.__private_workflows = new Map(); globalThis.__resolvers = {}; globalThis.__pending = []; @@ -254,6 +281,84 @@ if (typeof Request === "undefined") { globalThis.Request.prototype.text = function() { return __resText(this); }; globalThis.Request.prototype.arrayBuffer = function() { return __resArrayBuffer(this); }; } + +// createHook — returns a Hook object that is both a Thenable and AsyncIterable. +// Each await/yield creates a new promise keyed by the same correlationId. +// The promise is resolved when a hook_received event arrives. +globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_CREATE_HOOK")] = function(options) { + options = options || {}; + var token = options.token || ("tok_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++)); + var correlationId = "hook_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); + var isDisposed = false; + var hasCreatedEvent = false; + + // Register in pending operations + globalThis.__pending.push({ + type: "hook", + correlationId: correlationId, + token: token, + isWebhook: !!options.isWebhook, + metadata: options.metadata, + hasCreatedEvent: false, + }); + + // Each await creates a new promise for the next payload. + // The correlationId stays the same — the resolver is replaced each time. + function createHookPromise() { + return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { + globalThis.__resolvers[correlationId] = { resolve: resolve, reject: reject }; + }); + } + + function disposeHook() { + if (isDisposed) return; + isDisposed = true; + // Signal to the entrypoint to create a hook_disposed event + globalThis.__pending.push({ + type: "hook_dispose", + correlationId: correlationId, + hasCreatedEvent: false, + }); + // If there's a pending resolver, resolve it with undefined to break the iterator + if (globalThis.__resolvers[correlationId]) { + globalThis.__resolvers[correlationId].resolve(undefined); + delete globalThis.__resolvers[correlationId]; + } + } + + var hook = { + token: token, + then: function(onFulfilled, onRejected) { + return createHookPromise().then(onFulfilled, onRejected); + }, + dispose: disposeHook, + }; + + // Symbol.dispose for explicit resource management + hook[Symbol.dispose] = disposeHook; + + // AsyncIterable — yields payloads until disposed + hook[Symbol.asyncIterator] = function() { + return { + next: function() { + if (isDisposed) { + return Promise.resolve({ done: true, value: undefined }); + } + return createHookPromise().then(function(value) { + // If disposed while waiting, signal done + if (isDisposed) return { done: true, value: undefined }; + return { done: false, value: value }; + }); + }, + return: function() { + disposeHook(); + return Promise.resolve({ done: true, value: undefined }); + }, + }; + }; + + return hook; +}; `; // ---- Runtime ---- @@ -503,10 +608,76 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): void { markCreated(vm, escapedCid); break; } + case 'hook_received': { + const hasResolver = vm.dump( + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode(`!!globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]`) + ) + ); + if (hasResolver) { + const rawPayload = eventData?.payload ?? eventData?.result; + if (rawPayload instanceof Uint8Array) { + const bytesHandle = vm.newUint8Array(rawPayload); + vm.setProp(vm.global, '__tmp_result', bytesHandle); + bytesHandle.dispose(); + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode( + `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve(globalThis.__wdk_deserialize(globalThis.__tmp_result));` + + `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];` + + `delete globalThis.__tmp_result;` + ) + ).dispose(); + } else { + const serialized = + rawPayload !== undefined + ? JSON.stringify(rawPayload) + : 'undefined'; + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode( + `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve(${serialized});` + + `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];` + ) + ).dispose(); + } + { + let b: number; + do { + b = vm.executePendingJobs(); + } while (b > 0); + } + } + markCreated(vm, escapedCid); + break; + } + case 'hook_conflict': { + const hasResolver = vm.dump( + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode(`!!globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]`) + ) + ); + if (hasResolver) { + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode( + `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].reject(new Error("Hook token conflict"));` + + `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];` + ) + ).dispose(); + { + let b: number; + do { + b = vm.executePendingJobs(); + } while (b > 0); + } + } + markCreated(vm, escapedCid); + break; + } case 'step_created': case 'step_started': case 'step_retrying': - case 'wait_created': { + case 'wait_created': + case 'hook_created': + case 'hook_disposed': { markCreated(vm, escapedCid); break; } From d962a23db13a4843c2a920cc44faf1d215b3becc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 00:25:25 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 031/124] Fix hooks: serialize metadata, include all pending hooks, add isWebhook MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Three fixes that make hookWorkflow e2e test pass: 1. Serialize hook metadata with workflowSerde.serialize() — the getHookByToken deserialization expects devalue format, not raw objects 2. Include all pending hooks in the suspended operations list, not just those with active resolvers — webhooks created upfront (before any await) need hook_created events even though they don't have resolvers yet 3. Pass isWebhook flag through to the hook_created event data so world-local registers the hook correctly for webhook routing hookWorkflow e2e test now PASSES. webhookWorkflow still fails — webhook-specific issues (respondWith Response deserialization, WASM memory on large payloads). --- .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 8 ++++++-- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 19 ++++++++++++++++--- 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index b6ff761a00..e804e54c13 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import { type WorkflowRun, } from '@workflow/world'; import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; +import { workflow as workflowSerde } from '../serialization/index.js'; import { queueMessage } from './helpers.js'; import { getWorld } from './world.js'; import { @@ -242,8 +243,11 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { correlationId: hook.correlationId, eventData: { token: hook.token, - metadata: hook.metadata, - }, + metadata: hook.metadata + ? workflowSerde.serialize(hook.metadata) + : undefined, + ...(hook.isWebhook ? { isWebhook: true } : {}), + } as any, }); } catch (err) { if (WorkflowAPIError.is(err) && err.status === 409) continue; diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 65a8d51607..fccd26d544 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -506,9 +506,11 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( // ---- Event Processing ---- function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): void { + console.log(`[processEvents] ${events.length} events`); for (const event of events) { const cid = event.correlationId; if (!cid) continue; + console.log(`[processEvents] ${event.eventType} ${cid}`); const escapedCid = cid.replace(/"/g, '\\"'); const eventData = @@ -614,8 +616,14 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): void { vm.evalCode(`!!globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]`) ) ); + console.log( + `[hook_received] cid=${cid} hasResolver=${hasResolver} eventData keys=${eventData ? Object.keys(eventData) : 'none'}` + ); if (hasResolver) { const rawPayload = eventData?.payload ?? eventData?.result; + console.log( + `[hook_received] rawPayload type=${rawPayload instanceof Uint8Array ? 'Uint8Array(' + rawPayload.length + ')' : typeof rawPayload}` + ); if (rawPayload instanceof Uint8Array) { const bytesHandle = vm.newUint8Array(rawPayload); vm.setProp(vm.global, '__tmp_result', bytesHandle); @@ -712,20 +720,25 @@ function checkWorkflowState(vm: QuickJS): SnapshotRuntimeResult { using h = vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode('globalThis.__workflowError')); if (!h.isUndefined) { const message = h.toString(); + console.log(`[checkWorkflowState] FAILED: ${message}`); vm.dispose(); return { failed: { message } }; } } - // Check suspended + // Check suspended — the workflow is suspended if there are active resolvers + // OR pending operations that haven't been created yet (e.g. hooks created + // upfront but not yet awaited) { using h = vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode('Object.keys(globalThis.__resolvers).length > 0') + vm.evalCode( + 'Object.keys(globalThis.__resolvers).length > 0 || globalThis.__pending.some(function(p){return!p.hasCreatedEvent;})' + ) ); if (vm.dump(h)) { using pendingH = vm.unwrapResult( vm.evalCode( - `globalThis.__pending.filter(function(p){return!!globalThis.__resolvers[p.correlationId];})` + `globalThis.__pending.filter(function(p){return!!globalThis.__resolvers[p.correlationId] || !p.hasCreatedEvent;})` ) ); const pendingOps = vm.dump(pendingH) as PendingOperation[]; From 866fec6814f2ef58ed6286a7e0d95f47d40b53cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 00:39:36 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 032/124] Fix webhook metadata serialization, increase memory limit to 256MB MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit - Serialize hook metadata inside the VM with __wdk_serialize() so Response objects in metadata are properly handled by devalue reducers - Remove double-serialization of metadata in the entrypoint - Increase QuickJS memory limit to 256MB (from 64MB) - Remove unused workflowSerde import from entrypoint webhookWorkflow still fails with stack overflow during Request payload deserialization — the 716-byte webhook payload causes deep JS recursion in the devalue parser that exceeds QuickJS's call stack. --- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 6 ++---- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 10 ++++++---- 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index e804e54c13..81bb54850b 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import { type WorkflowRun, } from '@workflow/world'; import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; -import { workflow as workflowSerde } from '../serialization/index.js'; import { queueMessage } from './helpers.js'; import { getWorld } from './world.js'; import { @@ -243,9 +242,8 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { correlationId: hook.correlationId, eventData: { token: hook.token, - metadata: hook.metadata - ? workflowSerde.serialize(hook.metadata) - : undefined, + // metadata is already devalue-serialized (Uint8Array) from the VM + metadata: hook.metadata, ...(hook.isWebhook ? { isWebhook: true } : {}), } as any, }); diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index fccd26d544..ffea30b976 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -292,13 +292,15 @@ globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_CREATE_HOOK")] = function(options) { var isDisposed = false; var hasCreatedEvent = false; - // Register in pending operations + // Register in pending operations. + // Serialize metadata inside the VM so Response/Request objects are + // properly handled by the devalue reducers before crossing the boundary. globalThis.__pending.push({ type: "hook", correlationId: correlationId, token: token, isWebhook: !!options.isWebhook, - metadata: options.metadata, + metadata: options.metadata ? globalThis.__wdk_serialize(options.metadata) : undefined, hasCreatedEvent: false, }); @@ -382,7 +384,7 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( vm = await QuickJS.restore(snapshot, { wasm: options.wasm, // Use real time for Date.now() — determinism is handled by seeded Math.random - memoryLimit: 64 * 1024 * 1024, + memoryLimit: 256 * 1024 * 1024, interruptHandler: createInterruptHandler(), }); @@ -404,7 +406,7 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( vm = await QuickJS.create({ wasm: options.wasm, // Use real time for Date.now() — determinism is handled by seeded Math.random - memoryLimit: 64 * 1024 * 1024, + memoryLimit: 256 * 1024 * 1024, interruptHandler: createInterruptHandler(), }); From 08c0d665c3dc80fca380a1ce2aadbe63d9de136a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 00:54:44 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 033/124] Fix Headers polyfill: replace private field with regular property Replace #map (ES2022 private field) with _map in the Headers polyfill. esbuild downlevels private fields to WeakMap + Symbol.hasInstance which causes infinite instanceof recursion in QuickJS. Also optimize Headers constructor to build the map directly instead of calling append() in a loop, reducing call stack depth. webhookWorkflow still fails: QuickJS on WASI disables JS_SetMaxStackSize, so stack overflow from accumulated call depth (full bundle eval + async iterator + event processing + devalue parse + reviver chain) causes a hard WASM trap that cannot be caught. This needs a quickjs-wasi fix to either enable JS_SetMaxStackSize on WASI or increase the default stack. --- packages/core/src/polyfills/headers.ts | 43 +++++++++++-------- .../src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts | 4 +- 2 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/polyfills/headers.ts b/packages/core/src/polyfills/headers.ts index e59ae0e4f2..d5f878a019 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/polyfills/headers.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/polyfills/headers.ts @@ -26,25 +26,30 @@ function normalizeValue(v: unknown) { const getValues = (v: string[]) => v.join(', '); export class Headers { - #map = new Map(); + private _map = new Map(); constructor(init?: HeadersInit) { + // Build the map directly to minimize call stack depth + // (important for QuickJS WASM where stack space is limited) + const map = this._map; if (init instanceof Headers) { - for (const [name, value] of init) { - this.append(name, value); + for (const [k, v] of init._map) { + map.set(k, [...v]); } } else if (Array.isArray(init)) { - for (const header of init) { - if (header.length !== 2) { - throw new TypeError( - `Headers constructor: expected name/value pair to be length 2, found: ${header.length}` - ); - } - this.append(header[0], header[1]); + for (let i = 0; i < init.length; i++) { + const h = init[i]; + const n = normalizeName(h[0]); + const v = normalizeValue(h[1]); + const a = map.get(n); + if (a) a.push(v); + else map.set(n, [v]); } } else if (init) { - for (const name of Object.getOwnPropertyNames(init)) { - this.append(name, (init as Record)[name]); + for (const k of Object.getOwnPropertyNames(init)) { + map.set(normalizeName(k), [ + normalizeValue((init as Record)[k]), + ]); } } } @@ -52,7 +57,7 @@ export class Headers { append(name: string, value: string): void { name = normalizeName(name); value = normalizeValue(value); - const map = this.#map; + const map = this._map; let values = map.get(name); if (!values) { values = []; @@ -62,24 +67,24 @@ export class Headers { } delete(name: string): void { - this.#map.delete(normalizeName(name)); + this._map.delete(normalizeName(name)); } get(name: string): string | null { - const values = this.#map.get(normalizeName(name)); + const values = this._map.get(normalizeName(name)); return values ? getValues(values) : null; } getSetCookie(): string[] { - return [...(this.#map.get('set-cookie') || [])]; + return [...(this._map.get('set-cookie') || [])]; } has(name: string): boolean { - return this.#map.has(normalizeName(name)); + return this._map.has(normalizeName(name)); } set(name: string, value: string): void { - this.#map.set(normalizeName(name), [normalizeValue(value)]); + this._map.set(normalizeName(name), [normalizeValue(value)]); } forEach( @@ -92,7 +97,7 @@ export class Headers { } *entries(): HeadersIterator<[string, string]> { - const sorted = [...this.#map.entries()].sort((a, b) => + const sorted = [...this._map.entries()].sort((a, b) => a[0] < b[0] ? -1 : a[0] > b[0] ? 1 : 0 ); for (const [name, values] of sorted) { diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts index 20d095622d..2c263decd3 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ * serialize/deserialize + TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills inside the * QuickJS WASM VM. 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The async function resumption + req.text() step creation exceeds the WASM call stack. Needs quickjs-wasi stack increase. --- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 37 +++++++++++++++++-- 1 file changed, 34 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index ffea30b976..39b0e997a6 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -238,9 +238,40 @@ if (typeof Response === "undefined") { Object.defineProperty(globalThis.Response.prototype, "bodyUsed", { get: function() { return false; } }); - globalThis.Response.prototype.json = function() { return __resJson(this); }; - globalThis.Response.prototype.text = function() { return __resText(this); }; - globalThis.Response.prototype.arrayBuffer = function() { return __resArrayBuffer(this); }; + // The builtin response methods create step invocations that serialize + // only the essential response data (not methods/prototype) to avoid + // deep serialization stack during __wdk_serialize. + function __serializeResponseForStep(resp) { + return globalThis.__wdk_serialize({ + args: [{ + status: resp.status, + statusText: resp.statusText, + url: resp.url, + type: resp.type, + redirected: resp.redirected, + headers: resp.headers, + body: resp.body, + }], + }); + } + globalThis.Response.prototype.json = function() { + var cid = "step_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); + var input = __serializeResponseForStep(this); + globalThis.__pending.push({ type: "step", correlationId: cid, stepId: "__builtin_response_json", input: input, hasCreatedEvent: false }); + return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { globalThis.__resolvers[cid] = { resolve: resolve, reject: reject }; }); + }; + globalThis.Response.prototype.text = function() { + var cid = "step_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); + var input = __serializeResponseForStep(this); + globalThis.__pending.push({ type: "step", correlationId: cid, stepId: "__builtin_response_text", input: input, hasCreatedEvent: false }); + return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { globalThis.__resolvers[cid] = { resolve: resolve, reject: reject }; }); + }; + globalThis.Response.prototype.arrayBuffer = function() { + var cid = "step_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); + var input = __serializeResponseForStep(this); + globalThis.__pending.push({ type: "step", correlationId: cid, stepId: "__builtin_response_array_buffer", input: input, hasCreatedEvent: false }); + return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { globalThis.__resolvers[cid] = { resolve: resolve, reject: reject }; }); + }; globalThis.Response.prototype.bytes = function() { return __resArrayBuffer(this).then(function(buf) { return new Uint8Array(buf); }); }; From 88625ca0c64cd667e95e170b649ef386014315a4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 01:19:16 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 035/124] Fix infinite recursion in Request/Response reducers + event loop processing MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 1. Request/Response reducers now require instanceof OR a method-specific check (.json/.clone) instead of duck-typing on method/status alone. The old duck-typing matched the reducer's own plain-object output, causing infinite recursion during re-serialization. 2. Event processing now loops processEvents + executePendingJobs to handle events that arrive for hooks not yet awaited. After resolving one hook and draining jobs, new resolvers may be created for subsequent hooks. Re-processing events matches these new resolvers. webhookWorkflow now processes correctly (no more stack overflow). The 3 webhooks are received, req.text() steps are created and executed. Test times out at 60s due to multiple snapshot/restore round-trips for each webhook (hook_received → snapshot → step → re-invoke). --- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 38 ++++++++++++------- .../src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts | 4 +- .../src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts | 13 ++++--- 3 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 39b0e997a6..24c6059967 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -423,15 +423,21 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( // (set by the serde bundle), so they survive snapshot/restore as part // of the QuickJS heap. No re-registration needed. - // Process delta events - processEvents(vm, events); - // Run pending jobs in a loop until no more are enqueued. - // Promise chains (especially async functions with multiple awaits) - // may enqueue new microtasks as previous ones complete. - let batch: number; + // Process events and drain jobs in a loop. Events may resolve promises + // that unblock workflow code, which then creates NEW resolvers for + // subsequent events. Re-processing events matches these new resolvers + // against events that were already delivered. + let maxIterations = 100; // safety limit + let madeProgress: boolean; do { - batch = vm.executePendingJobs(); - } while (batch > 0); + madeProgress = false; + processEvents(vm, events); + let batch: number; + do { + batch = vm.executePendingJobs(); + if (batch > 0) madeProgress = true; + } while (batch > 0); + } while (madeProgress && --maxIterations > 0); } else { // ---- FIRST RUN ---- vm = await QuickJS.create({ @@ -522,13 +528,19 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( } startResult.dispose(); - // Process any existing events (replay for first run) - processEvents(vm, events); + // Process events and drain jobs in a loop (same as restore path) { - let batch: number; + let maxIterations = 100; + let madeProgress: boolean; do { - batch = vm.executePendingJobs(); - } while (batch > 0); + madeProgress = false; + processEvents(vm, events); + let batch: number; + do { + batch = vm.executePendingJobs(); + if (batch > 0) madeProgress = true; + } while (batch > 0); + } while (madeProgress && --maxIterations > 0); } } diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts index 2c263decd3..03a2d63644 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ * serialize/deserialize + TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills inside the * QuickJS WASM VM. 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diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts index 9e1591a6b2..2b70ab3b62 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts @@ -81,8 +81,12 @@ export function getCommonReducers(): Partial { Request: (value) => { const R = (globalThis as any).Request; if (!R) return false; - if (!(value instanceof R) && typeof value?.method !== 'string') + // Use instanceof OR check for the Request-specific .json method + // (duck-typing on method/url alone would match plain objects and + // cause infinite recursion since the reducer output also has those) + if (!(value instanceof R) && typeof value?.json !== 'function') return false; + if (typeof value?.method !== 'string') return false; return { method: value.method, url: value.url, @@ -94,11 +98,10 @@ export function getCommonReducers(): Partial { Response: (value) => { const R = (globalThis as any).Response; if (!R) return false; - // Check both instanceof and duck-typing (for objects with methods attached) - if (!(value instanceof R) && typeof value?.status !== 'number') + // Use instanceof OR check for Response-specific .clone method + if (!(value instanceof R) && typeof value?.clone !== 'function') return false; - // Only serialize if it has Response methods (json/text/etc) - if (typeof value?.json !== 'function') return false; + if (typeof value?.status !== 'number') return false; return { type: value.type, url: value.url, From ba3a8c155ab7ff8b20ca24051b70bf4b9cf49de0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 13:27:12 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 036/124] Fix build failures and snapshot runtime bugs - Add stub snapshots storage to world-vercel and world-postgres to satisfy the Storage interface (fixes build) - Fix Response serialization in snapshot VM: pass actual Response object through __wdk_serialize so devalue's Response reducer fires and the step handler can reconstruct a real Response with .json()/.text() methods - Fix step_failed error message extraction: handle string errorData format (not just object), matching the event-replay runtime's behavior - Fix processEvents to return whether it resolved anything, enabling the outer loop to re-iterate when new resolvers are created - Add WEBHOOK_RESPONSE_WRITABLE symbol support to VM Request reducer/reviver --- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 46 ++++++++++--------- .../src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts | 4 +- .../src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts | 12 ++++- packages/world-postgres/src/index.ts | 21 +++++++++ packages/world-vercel/src/storage.ts | 22 +++++++++ 5 files changed, 80 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 24c6059967..a43deaf4a3 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -238,20 +238,13 @@ if (typeof Response === "undefined") { Object.defineProperty(globalThis.Response.prototype, "bodyUsed", { get: function() { return false; } }); - // The builtin response methods create step invocations that serialize - // only the essential response data (not methods/prototype) to avoid - // deep serialization stack during __wdk_serialize. + // The builtin response methods serialize the Response object directly + // so that devalue's Response reducer fires and produces the correct + // type tag for the step handler's Response reviver (which creates a + // real native Response with .json()/.text() methods). function __serializeResponseForStep(resp) { return globalThis.__wdk_serialize({ - args: [{ - status: resp.status, - statusText: resp.statusText, - url: resp.url, - type: resp.type, - redirected: resp.redirected, - headers: resp.headers, - body: resp.body, - }], + args: [resp], }); } globalThis.Response.prototype.json = function() { @@ -427,11 +420,10 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( // that unblock workflow code, which then creates NEW resolvers for // subsequent events. Re-processing events matches these new resolvers // against events that were already delivered. - let maxIterations = 100; // safety limit + let maxIterations = 100; let madeProgress: boolean; do { - madeProgress = false; - processEvents(vm, events); + madeProgress = processEvents(vm, events); let batch: number; do { batch = vm.executePendingJobs(); @@ -533,8 +525,7 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( let maxIterations = 100; let madeProgress: boolean; do { - madeProgress = false; - processEvents(vm, events); + madeProgress = processEvents(vm, events); let batch: number; do { batch = vm.executePendingJobs(); @@ -550,7 +541,8 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( // ---- Event Processing ---- -function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): void { +function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): boolean { + let resolved = false; console.log(`[processEvents] ${events.length} events`); for (const event of events) { const cid = event.correlationId; @@ -596,6 +588,7 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): void { } // Drain ALL microtasks after resolve { + resolved = true; let b: number; do { b = vm.executePendingJobs(); @@ -612,10 +605,14 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): void { ) ); if (hasResolver) { - const errorData = eventData?.error as - | Record - | undefined; - const msg = (errorData?.message as string) ?? 'Step failed'; + const errorData = eventData?.error; + const msg = + typeof errorData === 'string' + ? errorData + : typeof errorData === 'object' && errorData !== null + ? (((errorData as Record).message as string) ?? + 'Step failed') + : 'Step failed'; vm.unwrapResult( vm.evalCode( `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].reject(new Error(${JSON.stringify(msg)}));` + @@ -623,6 +620,7 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): void { ) ).dispose(); { + resolved = true; let b: number; do { b = vm.executePendingJobs(); @@ -646,6 +644,7 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): void { ) ).dispose(); { + resolved = true; let b: number; do { b = vm.executePendingJobs(); @@ -693,6 +692,7 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): void { ).dispose(); } { + resolved = true; let b: number; do { b = vm.executePendingJobs(); @@ -716,6 +716,7 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): void { ) ).dispose(); { + resolved = true; let b: number; do { b = vm.executePendingJobs(); @@ -736,6 +737,7 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): void { } } } + return resolved; } function markCreated(vm: QuickJS, escapedCid: string): void { diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts index 03a2d63644..9d77881b88 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ * serialize/deserialize + TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills inside the * QuickJS WASM VM. 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diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts index 2b70ab3b62..250caeded5 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts @@ -87,13 +87,19 @@ export function getCommonReducers(): Partial { if (!(value instanceof R) && typeof value?.json !== 'function') return false; if (typeof value?.method !== 'string') return false; - return { + const data: any = { method: value.method, url: value.url, headers: value.headers, body: value.body, duplex: value.duplex, }; + // Include the webhook response writable stream if present + const responseWritable = value[Symbol.for('WEBHOOK_RESPONSE_WRITABLE')]; + if (responseWritable) { + data.responseWritable = responseWritable; + } + return data; }, Response: (value) => { const R = (globalThis as any).Response; @@ -219,6 +225,10 @@ export function getCommonRevivers(): Partial { value.text = Req.prototype.text; value.arrayBuffer = Req.prototype.arrayBuffer; } + // Carry over the webhook response writable stream to the symbol property + if (value.responseWritable) { + value[Symbol.for('WEBHOOK_RESPONSE_WRITABLE')] = value.responseWritable; + } return value; }, Response: (value: any) => { diff --git a/packages/world-postgres/src/index.ts b/packages/world-postgres/src/index.ts index 6f2993e3db..a1089147c6 100644 --- a/packages/world-postgres/src/index.ts +++ b/packages/world-postgres/src/index.ts @@ -12,12 +12,33 @@ import { } from './storage.js'; import { createStreamer } from './streamer.js'; +function createSnapshotsStorage(): Storage['snapshots'] { + return { + async save() { + throw new Error( + 'Snapshot storage is not yet implemented for world-postgres' + ); + }, + async load() { + throw new Error( + 'Snapshot storage is not yet implemented for world-postgres' + ); + }, + async delete() { + throw new Error( + 'Snapshot storage is not yet implemented for world-postgres' + ); + }, + }; +} + function createStorage(drizzle: Drizzle): Storage { return { runs: createRunsStorage(drizzle), events: createEventsStorage(drizzle), hooks: createHooksStorage(drizzle), steps: createStepsStorage(drizzle), + snapshots: createSnapshotsStorage(), }; } diff --git a/packages/world-vercel/src/storage.ts b/packages/world-vercel/src/storage.ts index af80647f5d..531226d11d 100644 --- a/packages/world-vercel/src/storage.ts +++ b/packages/world-vercel/src/storage.ts @@ -10,6 +10,26 @@ import { getWorkflowRun, listWorkflowRuns } from './runs.js'; import { getStep, listWorkflowRunSteps } from './steps.js'; import type { APIConfig } from './utils.js'; +function createSnapshotsStorage(): Storage['snapshots'] { + return { + async save() { + throw new Error( + 'Snapshot storage is not yet implemented for world-vercel' + ); + }, + async load() { + throw new Error( + 'Snapshot storage is not yet implemented for world-vercel' + ); + }, + async delete() { + throw new Error( + 'Snapshot storage is not yet implemented for world-vercel' + ); + }, + }; +} + export function createStorage(config?: APIConfig): Storage { const storage: Storage = { // Storage interface with namespaced methods @@ -37,6 +57,7 @@ export function createStorage(config?: APIConfig): Storage { getByToken: (token) => getHookByToken(token, config), list: (params) => listHooks(params, config), }, + snapshots: createSnapshotsStorage(), }; // Instrument all storage methods with tracing @@ -46,5 +67,6 @@ export function createStorage(config?: APIConfig): Storage { steps: instrumentObject('world.steps', storage.steps), events: instrumentObject('world.events', storage.events), hooks: instrumentObject('world.hooks', storage.hooks), + snapshots: instrumentObject('world.snapshots', storage.snapshots), }; } From b7c2b5af5aca6e0fb5ce2e9ff72d7dce559d0c38 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 13:35:59 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 037/124] Add CI job for snapshot runtime e2e tests Add a non-blocking e2e-snapshot-runtime job that runs the nextjs-turbopack workbench app with WORKFLOW_RUNTIME=snapshot against world-local. Results are reported in the PR summary but do not block merging, since the snapshot runtime has known gaps for newer test features (StepFunction serialization, this/instance methods, hook.dispose, error stack traces). --- .github/workflows/tests.yml | 76 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 74 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests.yml b/.github/workflows/tests.yml index 03fd2313c9..fe4536594c 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/tests.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/tests.yml @@ -401,6 +401,65 @@ jobs: retention-days: 7 if-no-files-found: ignore + e2e-snapshot-runtime: + name: E2E Snapshot Runtime (nextjs-turbopack) + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + timeout-minutes: 30 + if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'workflow-server-test') }} + + env: + TURBO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TURBO_TOKEN }} + TURBO_TEAM: ${{ vars.TURBO_TEAM }} + WORKFLOW_PUBLIC_MANIFEST: '1' + + steps: + - name: Checkout Repo + uses: actions/checkout@v4 + with: + ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }} + + - name: Setup environment + uses: ./.github/actions/setup-workflow-dev + with: + install-dependencies: 'false' + build-packages: 'false' + + - name: Install Dependencies + run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile + + - name: Run Initial Build + run: pnpm turbo run build --filter='!./workbench/*' + + - name: Prepare workbench path + id: prepare-workbench + uses: ./.github/actions/prepare-workbench-path + with: + app-name: nextjs-turbopack + + - name: Run E2E Tests (Snapshot Runtime) + run: | + cd "${{ steps.prepare-workbench.outputs.workbench_app_path }}" && WORKFLOW_RUNTIME=snapshot pnpm dev & + echo "starting tests in 10 seconds" && sleep 10 + pnpm run test:e2e --reporter=default --reporter=json --outputFile=e2e-snapshot-runtime.json + env: + NODE_OPTIONS: "--enable-source-maps" + APP_NAME: nextjs-turbopack + WORKBENCH_APP_PATH: ${{ steps.prepare-workbench.outputs.workbench_app_path }} + DEPLOYMENT_URL: "http://localhost:3000" + + - name: Generate E2E summary + if: always() + run: node .github/scripts/aggregate-e2e-results.js . --job-name "E2E Snapshot Runtime (nextjs-turbopack)" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY || true + + - name: Upload E2E results + if: always() + uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4 + with: + name: e2e-results-snapshot-runtime + path: e2e-snapshot-runtime.json + retention-days: 7 + if-no-files-found: ignore + e2e-local-prod: name: E2E Local Prod Tests (${{ matrix.app.name }} - ${{ matrix.app.canary && 'canary' || 'stable' }}) runs-on: ubuntu-latest @@ -707,7 +766,7 @@ jobs: summary: name: E2E Summary runs-on: ubuntu-latest - needs: [e2e-vercel-prod, e2e-local-dev, e2e-local-prod, e2e-local-postgres, e2e-windows, e2e-community] + needs: [e2e-vercel-prod, e2e-local-dev, e2e-local-prod, e2e-local-postgres, e2e-windows, e2e-community, e2e-snapshot-runtime] if: always() && !cancelled() timeout-minutes: 10 @@ -740,6 +799,7 @@ jobs: POSTGRES_STATUS="${{ needs.e2e-local-postgres.result }}" WINDOWS_STATUS="${{ needs.e2e-windows.result }}" COMMUNITY_STATUS="${{ needs.e2e-community.result }}" + SNAPSHOT_STATUS="${{ needs.e2e-snapshot-runtime.result }}" echo "vercel=$VERCEL_STATUS" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT echo "local-dev=$LOCAL_DEV_STATUS" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT @@ -747,8 +807,9 @@ jobs: echo "postgres=$POSTGRES_STATUS" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT echo "windows=$WINDOWS_STATUS" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT echo "community=$COMMUNITY_STATUS" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT + echo "snapshot=$SNAPSHOT_STATUS" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT - # Community world failures are warnings, not errors + # Community world and snapshot runtime failures are warnings, not errors if [[ "$VERCEL_STATUS" == "failure" || "$LOCAL_DEV_STATUS" == "failure" || "$LOCAL_PROD_STATUS" == "failure" || "$POSTGRES_STATUS" == "failure" || "$WINDOWS_STATUS" == "failure" ]]; then echo "has_failures=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT else @@ -800,6 +861,17 @@ jobs: Check the [workflow run](${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}) for details. + - name: Append snapshot runtime status to PR comment + if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && needs.e2e-snapshot-runtime.result != 'skipped' + uses: marocchino/sticky-pull-request-comment@v2 + with: + header: e2e-test-results + append: true + message: | + + --- + ${{ needs.e2e-snapshot-runtime.result == 'success' && '✅' || '⚠️' }} **Snapshot runtime tests** (non-blocking): ${{ needs.e2e-snapshot-runtime.result }} + # Final required check: passes only when unit + all E2E jobs succeed e2e-required-check: name: E2E Required Check From 4e2fed020c11b1b29323940799961bfc4ef04ea4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 14:11:44 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 038/124] Fix 9 more e2e tests: error propagation, FatalError, step functions, this serialization Error propagation (2 tests fixed): - Capture full error object (name, message, stack) in VM rejection handler instead of just the message string - Apply source map remapping via remapErrorStack() in snapshot entrypoint before creating run_failed events, matching event-replay runtime behavior - Use workflow module specifier as QuickJS eval filename so stack frames reference the correct file for source map matching FatalError.is() catchability (1 test fixed): - Create errors with name='FatalError' and fatal=true in step_failed handler, matching event-replay runtime which always creates FatalError instances for step failures. This enables FatalError.is() detection in workflow catch blocks. StepFunction serialization (3 tests fixed): - Set stepId and __closureVarsFn on step proxy functions returned by WORKFLOW_USE_STEP, enabling the StepFunction reducer to detect and serialize step function references when passed as arguments. this/instance method serialization (3 tests fixed): - Capture 'this' context in the useStep proxy and include it as thisVal in the serialized step input, matching the event-replay runtime's behavior for method invocations like MyClass.method() and fn.call(obj). Also: - Remove debug console.log statements and temp file writes - Replace console.log with runtimeLogger for error reporting --- .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 13 +++- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 68 ++++++++++++------- 2 files changed, 54 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index 81bb54850b..a2b2ad5762 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ import { type WorkflowRun, } from '@workflow/world'; import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; +import { parseWorkflowName } from '@workflow/utils/parse-name'; +import { remapErrorStack } from '../source-map.js'; import { queueMessage } from './helpers.js'; import { getWorld } from './world.js'; import { @@ -297,7 +299,14 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { return { timeoutSeconds: minTimeoutSeconds }; } } else if (result.failed) { - // Workflow failed + // Workflow failed — remap stack trace using inline source maps + let errorStack = result.failed.stack; + if (errorStack) { + const parsedName = parseWorkflowName(workflowName); + const filename = parsedName?.moduleSpecifier || workflowName; + errorStack = remapErrorStack(errorStack, filename, workflowCode); + } + runtimeLogger.error('Snapshot runtime: workflow failed', { workflowRunId: runId, errorName: result.failed.name, @@ -315,7 +324,7 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { eventData: { error: { message: result.failed.message, - stack: result.failed.stack, + stack: errorStack, }, }, }); diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index a43deaf4a3..164829e723 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import seedrandom from 'seedrandom'; import { QuickJS } from 'quickjs-wasi'; import type { Event, SnapshotMetadata, WorkflowRun } from '@workflow/world'; +import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; import { VM_SERDE_BUNDLE } from './vm-serde-bundle.generated.js'; // ---- Types ---- @@ -156,14 +157,17 @@ globalThis.module = { exports: globalThis.exports }; // which is evaluated before this bootstrap code. globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")] = function(stepId, closureVarsFn) { - return function() { + var fn = function() { var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); var correlationId = "step_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); + // Capture 'this' for method invocations (e.g., MyClass.method()) + var thisVal = (this !== undefined && this !== null && this !== globalThis) ? this : undefined; // Serialize step input using the host-provided devalue serializer. // This produces a format-prefixed Uint8Array ("devl" + devalue.stringify). var input = globalThis.__wdk_serialize({ args: args, closureVars: closureVarsFn ? closureVarsFn() : undefined, + thisVal: thisVal, }); globalThis.__pending.push({ type: "step", @@ -176,6 +180,11 @@ globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")] = function(stepId, closureVarsFn) { globalThis.__resolvers[correlationId] = { resolve: resolve, reject: reject }; }); }; + // Set stepId on the proxy so the StepFunction reducer can detect and + // serialize step function references (e.g. when passed as arguments). + fn.stepId = stepId; + if (closureVarsFn) fn.__closureVarsFn = closureVarsFn; + return fn; }; globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_SLEEP")] = function(param) { @@ -449,19 +458,13 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( // Evaluate the VM serde bundle vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode(VM_SERDE_BUNDLE, 'vm-serde.js')).dispose(); - // DEBUG: Write workflowCode to temp file for inspection - try { - require('fs').writeFileSync( - '/tmp/workflow-bundle-debug.js', - workflowCode - ); - } catch {} - // Bootstrap workflow primitives vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode(VM_BOOTSTRAP, 'bootstrap.js')).dispose(); - // Execute the workflow bundle - const evalResult = vm.evalCode(workflowCode, 'workflow.js'); + // Execute the workflow bundle — use the workflowId as the eval filename + // so QuickJS stack traces reference the workflow name, enabling source map + // remapping by remapErrorStack (which matches frames by filename). + const evalResult = vm.evalCode(workflowCode, workflowId || 'workflow.js'); if (evalResult.isException) { return extractError(vm, evalResult, 'Workflow evaluation failed'); } @@ -512,7 +515,13 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( if (!Array.isArray(__args)) __args = [__args]; __wfn.apply(null, __args).then( function(result) { globalThis.__workflowResult = globalThis.__wdk_serialize(result); }, - function(error) { globalThis.__workflowError = error.message || String(error); } + function(error) { + globalThis.__workflowError = { + message: error.message || String(error), + stack: error.stack || "", + name: error.name || "Error" + }; + } ); `); if (startResult.isException) { @@ -543,11 +552,9 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): boolean { let resolved = false; - console.log(`[processEvents] ${events.length} events`); for (const event of events) { const cid = event.correlationId; if (!cid) continue; - console.log(`[processEvents] ${event.eventType} ${cid}`); const escapedCid = cid.replace(/"/g, '\\"'); const eventData = @@ -613,10 +620,14 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): boolean { ? (((errorData as Record).message as string) ?? 'Step failed') : 'Step failed'; + // Create a FatalError (matching event-replay behavior where all + // step_failed events produce FatalError instances, enabling + // FatalError.is() detection in workflow catch blocks). vm.unwrapResult( vm.evalCode( - `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].reject(new Error(${JSON.stringify(msg)}));` + - `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];` + `(function(){var e=new Error(${JSON.stringify(msg)});e.name="FatalError";e.fatal=true;` + + `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].reject(e);` + + `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];})()` ) ).dispose(); { @@ -660,14 +671,8 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): boolean { vm.evalCode(`!!globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]`) ) ); - console.log( - `[hook_received] cid=${cid} hasResolver=${hasResolver} eventData keys=${eventData ? Object.keys(eventData) : 'none'}` - ); if (hasResolver) { const rawPayload = eventData?.payload ?? eventData?.result; - console.log( - `[hook_received] rawPayload type=${rawPayload instanceof Uint8Array ? 'Uint8Array(' + rawPayload.length + ')' : typeof rawPayload}` - ); if (rawPayload instanceof Uint8Array) { const bytesHandle = vm.newUint8Array(rawPayload); vm.setProp(vm.global, '__tmp_result', bytesHandle); @@ -766,10 +771,23 @@ function checkWorkflowState(vm: QuickJS): SnapshotRuntimeResult { { using h = vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode('globalThis.__workflowError')); if (!h.isUndefined) { - const message = h.toString(); - console.log(`[checkWorkflowState] FAILED: ${message}`); + const errorObj = vm.dump(h) as + | { message: string; stack?: string; name?: string } + | string; + const failed = + typeof errorObj === 'string' + ? { message: errorObj } + : { + message: errorObj.message, + stack: errorObj.stack || undefined, + name: errorObj.name || undefined, + }; + runtimeLogger.error('Snapshot runtime: workflow failed in VM', { + errorMessage: failed.message, + errorName: failed.name, + }); vm.dispose(); - return { failed: { message } }; + return { failed }; } } From d11c8205e0031f6f01eba8baf7e3ef294468f3ab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 15:26:41 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 039/124] Fix snapshot runtime: globally unique correlationIds, cursor tracking, and hook conflicts MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Three bugs fixed: 1. CorrelationIds (step_0, hook_0, wait_0) were not globally unique across runs, causing file collisions in world-local hooks storage. Now all correlationIds are prefixed with the runId (e.g. wrun_xxx_step_0). 2. Event cursor tracking was broken — the pagination loop's cursor variable ended at null after the final empty page, so the snapshot was always saved with a stale cursor. This caused events to be re-fetched and re-processed on every invocation, leading to duplicate hook payloads. 3. Hook token conflict error message now matches the event-replay runtime ('already in use by another workflow'), and hook_conflict events properly re-queue the workflow for processing. --- .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 35 +++++++++--- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 56 +++++++++++++------ 2 files changed, 66 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index a2b2ad5762..a29e07382d 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -6,22 +6,22 @@ */ import { WorkflowAPIError } from '@workflow/errors'; +import { parseWorkflowName } from '@workflow/utils/parse-name'; import { - SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, type Event, + SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, type WorkflowRun, } from '@workflow/world'; import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; -import { parseWorkflowName } from '@workflow/utils/parse-name'; import { remapErrorStack } from '../source-map.js'; import { queueMessage } from './helpers.js'; -import { getWorld } from './world.js'; import { - runSnapshotWorkflow, + type PendingHook, type PendingStep, type PendingWait, - type PendingHook, + runSnapshotWorkflow, } from './snapshot-runtime.js'; +import { getWorld } from './world.js'; /** * Run a workflow using the snapshot runtime. @@ -70,8 +70,13 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { }, }); allEvents.push(...response.data); - cursor = response.cursor ?? null; - hasMore = response.cursor !== null && response.cursor !== undefined; + // Update the cursor to the last successfully fetched page's cursor. + // Only update when we got results — the final empty-page response + // returns cursor=null which we must NOT use (it would reset the cursor). + if (response.cursor) { + cursor = response.cursor; + } + hasMore = response.data.length > 0 && response.cursor != null; } events = allEvents; @@ -238,7 +243,7 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { // Create hook_created event try { - await world.events.create(runId, { + const result = await world.events.create(runId, { eventType: 'hook_created', specVersion: SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, correlationId: hook.correlationId, @@ -249,6 +254,20 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { ...(hook.isWebhook ? { isWebhook: true } : {}), } as any, }); + + // If the storage detected a token conflict, it creates a hook_conflict + // event instead of hook_created. Re-queue the workflow so the snapshot + // runtime can process the conflict event and fail the workflow gracefully. + if (result.event?.eventType === 'hook_conflict') { + await queueMessage( + world, + `__wkf_workflow_${workflowRun.workflowName}`, + { + runId, + }, + { idempotencyKey: `hook_conflict_${hook.correlationId}` } + ); + } } catch (err) { if (WorkflowAPIError.is(err) && err.status === 409) continue; throw err; diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 164829e723..3cf9be9648 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ * resolve/reject promises. */ -import seedrandom from 'seedrandom'; -import { QuickJS } from 'quickjs-wasi'; import type { Event, SnapshotMetadata, WorkflowRun } from '@workflow/world'; +import { QuickJS } from 'quickjs-wasi'; +import seedrandom from 'seedrandom'; import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; import { VM_SERDE_BUNDLE } from './vm-serde-bundle.generated.js'; @@ -121,6 +121,9 @@ globalThis.__pending = []; globalThis.__stepCounter = 0; globalThis.__workflowResult = undefined; globalThis.__workflowError = undefined; +// __runIdPrefix is set before bootstrap to make correlationIds globally unique +// across runs. Falls back to empty string for backward compatibility. +var __cidPrefix = globalThis.__runIdPrefix || ""; // Stubs for Web APIs that the workflow bundle may reference but are not // available in QuickJS. These are lightweight polyfills, not full @@ -159,7 +162,7 @@ globalThis.module = { exports: globalThis.exports }; globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")] = function(stepId, closureVarsFn) { var fn = function() { var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); - var correlationId = "step_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); + var correlationId = __cidPrefix + "step_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); // Capture 'this' for method invocations (e.g., MyClass.method()) var thisVal = (this !== undefined && this !== null && this !== globalThis) ? this : undefined; // Serialize step input using the host-provided devalue serializer. @@ -188,7 +191,7 @@ globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")] = function(stepId, closureVarsFn) { }; globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_SLEEP")] = function(param) { - var correlationId = "wait_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); + var correlationId = __cidPrefix + "wait_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); var resumeAt; if (typeof param === "number") { resumeAt = new Date(Date.now() + param).toISOString(); @@ -257,19 +260,19 @@ if (typeof Response === "undefined") { }); } globalThis.Response.prototype.json = function() { - var cid = "step_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); + var cid = __cidPrefix + "step_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); var input = __serializeResponseForStep(this); globalThis.__pending.push({ type: "step", correlationId: cid, stepId: "__builtin_response_json", input: input, hasCreatedEvent: false }); return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { globalThis.__resolvers[cid] = { resolve: resolve, reject: reject }; }); }; globalThis.Response.prototype.text = function() { - var cid = "step_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); + var cid = __cidPrefix + "step_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); var input = __serializeResponseForStep(this); globalThis.__pending.push({ type: "step", correlationId: cid, stepId: "__builtin_response_text", input: input, hasCreatedEvent: false }); return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { globalThis.__resolvers[cid] = { resolve: resolve, reject: reject }; }); }; globalThis.Response.prototype.arrayBuffer = function() { - var cid = "step_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); + var cid = __cidPrefix + "step_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); var input = __serializeResponseForStep(this); globalThis.__pending.push({ type: "step", correlationId: cid, stepId: "__builtin_response_array_buffer", input: input, hasCreatedEvent: false }); return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { globalThis.__resolvers[cid] = { resolve: resolve, reject: reject }; }); @@ -320,8 +323,8 @@ if (typeof Request === "undefined") { // The promise is resolved when a hook_received event arrives. globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_CREATE_HOOK")] = function(options) { options = options || {}; - var token = options.token || ("tok_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++)); - var correlationId = "hook_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); + var token = options.token || (__cidPrefix + "tok_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++)); + var correlationId = __cidPrefix + "hook_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); var isDisposed = false; var hasCreatedEvent = false; @@ -458,6 +461,15 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( // Evaluate the VM serde bundle vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode(VM_SERDE_BUNDLE, 'vm-serde.js')).dispose(); + // Set the runId prefix for globally unique correlationIds. + // Must be set before VM_BOOTSTRAP runs so that step/hook/wait + // correlationIds include the runId prefix and don't collide across runs. + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode( + `globalThis.__runIdPrefix = ${JSON.stringify(workflowRun.runId + '_')};` + ) + ).dispose(); + // Bootstrap workflow primitives vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode(VM_BOOTSTRAP, 'bootstrap.js')).dispose(); @@ -613,19 +625,28 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): boolean { ); if (hasResolver) { const errorData = eventData?.error; - const msg = - typeof errorData === 'string' + const isErrorObject = + typeof errorData === 'object' && errorData !== null; + const msg = isErrorObject + ? (((errorData as Record).message as string) ?? + 'Step failed') + : typeof errorData === 'string' ? errorData - : typeof errorData === 'object' && errorData !== null - ? (((errorData as Record).message as string) ?? - 'Step failed') - : 'Step failed'; + : 'Step failed'; + // Extract the error stack from the event (set by the step handler) + const errorStack = + (isErrorObject + ? (errorData as Record).stack + : undefined) ?? (eventData?.stack as string | undefined); // Create a FatalError (matching event-replay behavior where all // step_failed events produce FatalError instances, enabling // FatalError.is() detection in workflow catch blocks). + const stackAssignment = errorStack + ? `e.stack=${JSON.stringify(errorStack)};` + : ''; vm.unwrapResult( vm.evalCode( - `(function(){var e=new Error(${JSON.stringify(msg)});e.name="FatalError";e.fatal=true;` + + `(function(){var e=new Error(${JSON.stringify(msg)});e.name="FatalError";e.fatal=true;${stackAssignment}` + `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].reject(e);` + `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];})()` ) @@ -714,9 +735,10 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): boolean { ) ); if (hasResolver) { + const conflictToken = (eventData?.token as string) ?? 'unknown'; vm.unwrapResult( vm.evalCode( - `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].reject(new Error("Hook token conflict"));` + + `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].reject(new Error(${JSON.stringify(`Hook token "${conflictToken}" is already in use by another workflow`)}));` + `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];` ) ).dispose(); From 30d483eab4d16e8b1f3d204df2e9a61ca6056808 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 17:37:24 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 040/124] Buffer unconsumed hook_received payloads in VM heap for snapshot survival MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit In the event-replay runtime, hook_received events that arrive before the hook is awaited are buffered in a payloadsQueue. The snapshot runtime had no equivalent — events were just skipped and relied on re-scanning within the same invocation. This failed across invocations when the cursor advanced past the unconsumed event. Now hook_received payloads without a resolver are buffered in globalThis.__hookPayloadBuffer inside the QuickJS VM heap, surviving snapshot/restore. createHookPromise() drains the buffer before parking a new resolver, matching event-replay behavior. Also tracks processed hook_received event IDs in the VM heap to prevent double-delivery when the outer processEvents loop re-scans, and handles self-conflicts from concurrent stale-snapshot invocations gracefully. --- .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 35 ++++++--- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 74 ++++++++++++++++++- 2 files changed, 98 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index a29e07382d..1ba210ff5a 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -255,18 +255,33 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { } as any, }); - // If the storage detected a token conflict, it creates a hook_conflict - // event instead of hook_created. Re-queue the workflow so the snapshot - // runtime can process the conflict event and fail the workflow gracefully. + // If the storage detected a token conflict, check whether it's a + // self-conflict (our own hook re-created from a stale snapshot) or a + // real conflict with another workflow. Self-conflicts are harmless: + // the hook entity already exists with our correlationId. if (result.event?.eventType === 'hook_conflict') { - await queueMessage( - world, - `__wkf_workflow_${workflowRun.workflowName}`, - { + // Check if our hook entity already exists (self-conflict) + let isSelfConflict = false; + try { + const { data: existingHooks } = await world.hooks.list({ runId, - }, - { idempotencyKey: `hook_conflict_${hook.correlationId}` } - ); + }); + isSelfConflict = existingHooks.some( + (h) => h.hookId === hook.correlationId + ); + } catch { + // If hooks.list fails, assume it's a real conflict + } + if (!isSelfConflict) { + await queueMessage( + world, + `__wkf_workflow_${workflowRun.workflowName}`, + { + runId, + }, + { idempotencyKey: `hook_conflict_${hook.correlationId}` } + ); + } } } catch (err) { if (WorkflowAPIError.is(err) && err.status === 409) continue; diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 3cf9be9648..455f8687e0 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -121,6 +121,10 @@ globalThis.__pending = []; globalThis.__stepCounter = 0; globalThis.__workflowResult = undefined; globalThis.__workflowError = undefined; +// Buffer for hook_received payloads that arrive before the hook is awaited. +// Keyed by correlationId → array of payloads (preserves delivery order). +// This mirrors the event-replay runtime's payloadsQueue in hook.ts. +globalThis.__hookPayloadBuffer = {}; // __runIdPrefix is set before bootstrap to make correlationIds globally unique // across runs. Falls back to empty string for backward compatibility. var __cidPrefix = globalThis.__runIdPrefix || ""; @@ -343,6 +347,13 @@ globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_CREATE_HOOK")] = function(options) { // Each await creates a new promise for the next payload. // The correlationId stays the same — the resolver is replaced each time. function createHookPromise() { + // Check the payload buffer first — if a hook_received event arrived + // before this hook was awaited, the payload was buffered in the VM + // heap. Drain it immediately (matching event-replay payloadsQueue). + var buf = globalThis.__hookPayloadBuffer[correlationId]; + if (buf && buf.length > 0) { + return Promise.resolve(buf.shift()); + } return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { globalThis.__resolvers[correlationId] = { resolve: resolve, reject: reject }; }); @@ -687,13 +698,30 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): boolean { break; } case 'hook_received': { + // Check if this event was already processed (delivered or buffered) + // in this invocation or a prior one (tracked in the VM heap so it + // survives snapshot/restore). Prevents double-delivery when the + // outer loop re-scans events. + const alreadyProcessed = event.eventId + ? vm.dump( + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode( + `!!(globalThis.__hookPayloadBuffer.__processedEventIds && globalThis.__hookPayloadBuffer.__processedEventIds[${JSON.stringify(event.eventId)}])` + ) + ) + ) + : false; + if (alreadyProcessed) { + markCreated(vm, escapedCid); + break; + } const hasResolver = vm.dump( vm.unwrapResult( vm.evalCode(`!!globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]`) ) ); + const rawPayload = eventData?.payload ?? eventData?.result; if (hasResolver) { - const rawPayload = eventData?.payload ?? eventData?.result; if (rawPayload instanceof Uint8Array) { const bytesHandle = vm.newUint8Array(rawPayload); vm.setProp(vm.global, '__tmp_result', bytesHandle); @@ -717,6 +745,15 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): boolean { ) ).dispose(); } + // Mark this event as processed in the VM heap to prevent + // double-delivery on re-scan or snapshot restore. + if (event.eventId) { + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode( + `(globalThis.__hookPayloadBuffer.__processedEventIds = globalThis.__hookPayloadBuffer.__processedEventIds || {})[${JSON.stringify(event.eventId)}] = true;` + ) + ).dispose(); + } { resolved = true; let b: number; @@ -724,6 +761,41 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): boolean { b = vm.executePendingJobs(); } while (b > 0); } + } else { + // No resolver yet — buffer the payload in the VM heap so it + // survives snapshot/restore. When createHookPromise() is called + // later, it will drain this buffer first (matching the event- + // replay runtime's payloadsQueue behavior). + const eventIdJs = event.eventId + ? JSON.stringify(event.eventId) + : 'null'; + const bufferAndTrack = + `(globalThis.__hookPayloadBuffer["${escapedCid}"] = globalThis.__hookPayloadBuffer["${escapedCid}"] || [])` + + `.push(%PAYLOAD%);` + + (event.eventId + ? `(globalThis.__hookPayloadBuffer.__processedEventIds = globalThis.__hookPayloadBuffer.__processedEventIds || {})[${eventIdJs}] = true;` + : ''); + if (rawPayload instanceof Uint8Array) { + const bytesHandle = vm.newUint8Array(rawPayload); + vm.setProp(vm.global, '__tmp_result', bytesHandle); + bytesHandle.dispose(); + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode( + bufferAndTrack.replace( + '%PAYLOAD%', + 'globalThis.__wdk_deserialize(globalThis.__tmp_result)' + ) + 'delete globalThis.__tmp_result;' + ) + ).dispose(); + } else { + const serialized = + rawPayload !== undefined + ? JSON.stringify(rawPayload) + : 'undefined'; + vm.unwrapResult( + vm.evalCode(bufferAndTrack.replace('%PAYLOAD%', serialized)) + ).dispose(); + } } markCreated(vm, escapedCid); break; From ccae5d2e84f55f89977b990f2f4358db8a347686 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 17:53:44 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 041/124] Skip hook creation when hook entity already exists (stale-snapshot race) Check if the hook entity already exists before calling events.create for hook_created. This prevents concurrent stale-snapshot invocations from creating spurious hook_conflict events that pollute the event log and interfere with workflow progression. --- .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 49 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index 1ba210ff5a..43f82c4468 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -241,7 +241,19 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { } else if (op.type === 'hook' && !op.hasCreatedEvent) { const hook = op as PendingHook; - // Create hook_created event + // Create hook_created event. + // First check if our hook entity already exists (stale-snapshot race + // where a concurrent invocation already created it). Skip entirely + // to avoid creating spurious hook_conflict events. + try { + const { data: existingHooks } = await world.hooks.list({ runId }); + if (existingHooks.some((h) => h.hookId === hook.correlationId)) { + continue; + } + } catch { + // If hooks.list fails, proceed with creation attempt + } + try { const result = await world.events.create(runId, { eventType: 'hook_created', @@ -255,33 +267,18 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { } as any, }); - // If the storage detected a token conflict, check whether it's a - // self-conflict (our own hook re-created from a stale snapshot) or a - // real conflict with another workflow. Self-conflicts are harmless: - // the hook entity already exists with our correlationId. + // If the storage detected a real token conflict with another + // workflow's hook, re-queue so the snapshot runtime can process + // the conflict event and fail the workflow gracefully. if (result.event?.eventType === 'hook_conflict') { - // Check if our hook entity already exists (self-conflict) - let isSelfConflict = false; - try { - const { data: existingHooks } = await world.hooks.list({ + await queueMessage( + world, + `__wkf_workflow_${workflowRun.workflowName}`, + { runId, - }); - isSelfConflict = existingHooks.some( - (h) => h.hookId === hook.correlationId - ); - } catch { - // If hooks.list fails, assume it's a real conflict - } - if (!isSelfConflict) { - await queueMessage( - world, - `__wkf_workflow_${workflowRun.workflowName}`, - { - runId, - }, - { idempotencyKey: `hook_conflict_${hook.correlationId}` } - ); - } + }, + { idempotencyKey: `hook_conflict_${hook.correlationId}` } + ); } } catch (err) { if (WorkflowAPIError.is(err) && err.status === 409) continue; From 806ffe375c95b185faa49419c3dcf2862e21b0ae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 18:04:31 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 042/124] Use real ULIDs for snapshot runtime correlationIds MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Replace the runId-prefixed counter approach (wrun_xxx_step_0) with proper ULIDs (step_01ABCDEF...) matching the event-replay runtime format. The ulid package is bundled into the VM serde bundle via esbuild, using the seeded Math.random PRNG for deterministic generation. Also fixes snapshot-runtime unit tests: update makeRun() to match current WorkflowRun type, use dynamic correlationId capture instead of hardcoded step_0/step_1/wait_0 values, and fix eventData.output → eventData.result. --- .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts | 42 ++++++++++++------- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 27 ++++-------- .../src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts | 4 +- .../core/src/serialization/vm-bundle-entry.ts | 12 +++++- 4 files changed, 47 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts index c339e09873..f11709770e 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'; import { QuickJS } from 'quickjs-wasi'; -import { runSnapshotWorkflow } from './snapshot-runtime.js'; +import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'; import { deserialize } from '../serialization/workflow-vm.js'; +import { runSnapshotWorkflow } from './snapshot-runtime.js'; /** Helper to deserialize the format-prefixed result bytes */ function unwrapResult(result: Uint8Array): unknown { @@ -11,8 +11,13 @@ function unwrapResult(result: Uint8Array): unknown { function makeRun(overrides: Record = {}) { return { runId: 'wrun_test123', + deploymentId: 'dpl_test', workflowName: 'test-workflow', + input: undefined, status: 'running' as const, + output: undefined, + error: undefined, + completedAt: undefined, startedAt: new Date('2025-01-01T00:00:00Z'), createdAt: new Date('2025-01-01T00:00:00Z'), updatedAt: new Date('2025-01-01T00:00:00Z'), @@ -62,8 +67,10 @@ describe('runSnapshotWorkflow', () => { expect(result.suspended?.pendingOperations[0]).toMatchObject({ type: 'step', stepId: 'step//test//add', - correlationId: 'step_0', }); + expect(result.suspended?.pendingOperations[0].correlationId).toMatch( + /^step_[0-9A-Z]{26}$/ + ); expect(result.suspended?.snapshot).toBeInstanceOf(Uint8Array); }); @@ -81,6 +88,7 @@ describe('runSnapshotWorkflow', () => { existingSnapshot: null, }); expect(r1.suspended).toBeDefined(); + const stepCid = r1.suspended!.pendingOperations[0].correlationId; const r2 = await runSnapshotWorkflow({ workflowCode: '', @@ -91,8 +99,8 @@ describe('runSnapshotWorkflow', () => { eventId: 'evnt_001', runId: 'wrun_test123', eventType: 'step_completed', - correlationId: 'step_0', - eventData: { output: 17 }, + correlationId: stepCid, + eventData: { result: 17 }, createdAt: new Date(), }, ], @@ -125,7 +133,8 @@ describe('runSnapshotWorkflow', () => { events: [], existingSnapshot: null, }); - expect(r1.suspended?.pendingOperations[0]?.correlationId).toBe('step_0'); + const step1Cid = r1.suspended?.pendingOperations[0]?.correlationId; + expect(step1Cid).toMatch(/^step_[0-9A-Z]{26}$/); const r2 = await runSnapshotWorkflow({ workflowCode: '', @@ -136,8 +145,8 @@ describe('runSnapshotWorkflow', () => { eventId: 'evnt_001', runId: run.runId, eventType: 'step_completed', - correlationId: 'step_0', - eventData: { output: 17 }, + correlationId: step1Cid!, + eventData: { result: 17 }, createdAt: new Date(), }, ], @@ -146,7 +155,9 @@ describe('runSnapshotWorkflow', () => { metadata: { eventsCursor: null, createdAt: new Date() }, }, }); - expect(r2.suspended?.pendingOperations[0]?.correlationId).toBe('step_1'); + const step2Cid = r2.suspended?.pendingOperations[0]?.correlationId; + expect(step2Cid).toMatch(/^step_[0-9A-Z]{26}$/); + expect(step2Cid).not.toBe(step1Cid); const r3 = await runSnapshotWorkflow({ workflowCode: '', @@ -157,8 +168,8 @@ describe('runSnapshotWorkflow', () => { eventId: 'evnt_002', runId: run.runId, eventType: 'step_completed', - correlationId: 'step_1', - eventData: { output: 25 }, + correlationId: step2Cid!, + eventData: { result: 25 }, createdAt: new Date(), }, ], @@ -188,8 +199,9 @@ describe('runSnapshotWorkflow', () => { expect(r1.suspended).toBeDefined(); expect(r1.suspended?.pendingOperations[0]).toMatchObject({ type: 'wait', - correlationId: 'wait_0', }); + const waitCid = r1.suspended!.pendingOperations[0].correlationId; + expect(waitCid).toMatch(/^wait_[0-9A-Z]{26}$/); const r2 = await runSnapshotWorkflow({ workflowCode: '', @@ -200,7 +212,7 @@ describe('runSnapshotWorkflow', () => { eventId: 'evnt_001', runId: 'wrun_test123', eventType: 'wait_completed', - correlationId: 'wait_0', + correlationId: waitCid, createdAt: new Date(), }, ], @@ -230,6 +242,8 @@ describe('runSnapshotWorkflow', () => { }); expect(r1.suspended).toBeDefined(); + const failStepCid = r1.suspended!.pendingOperations[0].correlationId; + const r2 = await runSnapshotWorkflow({ workflowCode: '', workflowId: 'workflow//test//workflow', @@ -239,7 +253,7 @@ describe('runSnapshotWorkflow', () => { eventId: 'evnt_001', runId: 'wrun_test123', eventType: 'step_failed', - correlationId: 'step_0', + correlationId: failStepCid, eventData: { error: { message: 'boom' } }, createdAt: new Date(), }, diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 455f8687e0..3e47918354 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -118,16 +118,12 @@ if (typeof Symbol.asyncDispose === "undefined") { globalThis.__private_workflows = new Map(); globalThis.__resolvers = {}; globalThis.__pending = []; -globalThis.__stepCounter = 0; globalThis.__workflowResult = undefined; globalThis.__workflowError = undefined; // Buffer for hook_received payloads that arrive before the hook is awaited. // Keyed by correlationId → array of payloads (preserves delivery order). // This mirrors the event-replay runtime's payloadsQueue in hook.ts. globalThis.__hookPayloadBuffer = {}; -// __runIdPrefix is set before bootstrap to make correlationIds globally unique -// across runs. Falls back to empty string for backward compatibility. -var __cidPrefix = globalThis.__runIdPrefix || ""; // Stubs for Web APIs that the workflow bundle may reference but are not // available in QuickJS. These are lightweight polyfills, not full @@ -166,7 +162,7 @@ globalThis.module = { exports: globalThis.exports }; globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")] = function(stepId, closureVarsFn) { var fn = function() { var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); - var correlationId = __cidPrefix + "step_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); + var correlationId = "step_" + globalThis.__generateUlid(); // Capture 'this' for method invocations (e.g., MyClass.method()) var thisVal = (this !== undefined && this !== null && this !== globalThis) ? this : undefined; // Serialize step input using the host-provided devalue serializer. @@ -195,7 +191,7 @@ globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")] = function(stepId, closureVarsFn) { }; globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_SLEEP")] = function(param) { - var correlationId = __cidPrefix + "wait_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); + var correlationId = "wait_" + globalThis.__generateUlid(); var resumeAt; if (typeof param === "number") { resumeAt = new Date(Date.now() + param).toISOString(); @@ -264,19 +260,19 @@ if (typeof Response === "undefined") { }); } globalThis.Response.prototype.json = function() { - var cid = __cidPrefix + "step_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); + var cid = "step_" + globalThis.__generateUlid(); var input = __serializeResponseForStep(this); globalThis.__pending.push({ type: "step", correlationId: cid, stepId: "__builtin_response_json", input: input, hasCreatedEvent: false }); return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { globalThis.__resolvers[cid] = { resolve: resolve, reject: reject }; }); }; globalThis.Response.prototype.text = function() { - var cid = __cidPrefix + "step_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); + var cid = "step_" + globalThis.__generateUlid(); var input = __serializeResponseForStep(this); globalThis.__pending.push({ type: "step", correlationId: cid, stepId: "__builtin_response_text", input: input, hasCreatedEvent: false }); return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { globalThis.__resolvers[cid] = { resolve: resolve, reject: reject }; }); }; globalThis.Response.prototype.arrayBuffer = function() { - var cid = __cidPrefix + "step_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); + var cid = "step_" + globalThis.__generateUlid(); var input = __serializeResponseForStep(this); globalThis.__pending.push({ type: "step", correlationId: cid, stepId: "__builtin_response_array_buffer", input: input, hasCreatedEvent: false }); return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { globalThis.__resolvers[cid] = { resolve: resolve, reject: reject }; }); @@ -327,8 +323,8 @@ if (typeof Request === "undefined") { // The promise is resolved when a hook_received event arrives. globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_CREATE_HOOK")] = function(options) { options = options || {}; - var token = options.token || (__cidPrefix + "tok_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++)); - var correlationId = __cidPrefix + "hook_" + (globalThis.__stepCounter++); + var token = options.token || ("tok_" + globalThis.__generateUlid()); + var correlationId = "hook_" + globalThis.__generateUlid(); var isDisposed = false; var hasCreatedEvent = false; @@ -472,15 +468,6 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( // Evaluate the VM serde bundle vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode(VM_SERDE_BUNDLE, 'vm-serde.js')).dispose(); - // Set the runId prefix for globally unique correlationIds. - // Must be set before VM_BOOTSTRAP runs so that step/hook/wait - // correlationIds include the runId prefix and don't collide across runs. - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode( - `globalThis.__runIdPrefix = ${JSON.stringify(workflowRun.runId + '_')};` - ) - ).dispose(); - // Bootstrap workflow primitives vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode(VM_BOOTSTRAP, 'bootstrap.js')).dispose(); diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts index 9d77881b88..3b207bc805 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ * serialize/deserialize + TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills inside the * QuickJS WASM VM. 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The seeded PRNG is injected via __ulidPrng before +// the bootstrap runs; falls back to Math.random if not set. +const prng = (globalThis as any).__ulidPrng ?? Math.random; +const ulid = monotonicFactory(prng); +(globalThis as any).__generateUlid = () => ulid(Date.now()); From c91ef233cac2ed23438f33da6a07608f736e884f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 18:53:25 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 043/124] Fix null guard in ReadableStream/WritableStream VM reducers Object.getPrototypeOf(null) throws TypeError. Add early null checks before instanceof/getPrototypeOf in stream reducers so null/undefined values are correctly rejected. --- packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts index 250caeded5..c9ebeff7d5 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts @@ -119,6 +119,7 @@ export function getCommonReducers(): Partial { }; }, ReadableStream: ((value: any) => { + if (value == null) return false; const RS = (globalThis as any).ReadableStream; if ( !RS || @@ -140,6 +141,7 @@ export function getCommonReducers(): Partial { return { name: '__empty' }; }) as any, WritableStream: ((value: any) => { + if (value == null) return false; const WS = (globalThis as any).WritableStream; if ( !WS || From b4bbee3c980d467dd6a9a1d90fbbf375ab83a64b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 19:18:28 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 044/124] Base64-encode VM serde bundle to fix Nitro/esbuild build failure MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit The minified bundle contains patterns like typeof x<"u" whose escaped quotes inside the string literal confuse downstream esbuild when it re-processes the compiled JS (e.g., Nitro prod builds). Encoding the bundle as base64 avoids all escaping issues — it's decoded at import time via Buffer.from() or atob(). --- packages/core/scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js | 18 +++++++++++++++--- .../src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts | 15 ++++++++++++--- 2 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js b/packages/core/scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js index 98703289fc..0727b8d7b9 100644 --- a/packages/core/scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js +++ b/packages/core/scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import { buildSync } from 'esbuild'; import { writeFileSync } from 'fs'; -import { resolve, dirname } from 'path'; +import { dirname, resolve } from 'path'; import { fileURLToPath } from 'url'; const __dirname = dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)); @@ -32,6 +32,12 @@ const result = buildSync({ const bundleCode = result.outputFiles[0].text; +// Encode as base64 to avoid any escaping issues when downstream tools +// (e.g., Nitro's esbuild) re-process the compiled JS containing this +// string. The bundle is decoded at runtime via atob() + TextDecoder, or +// via Buffer on Node.js. +const base64 = Buffer.from(bundleCode, 'utf-8').toString('base64'); + const output = `/** * Auto-generated by scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js * Do not edit manually. @@ -40,9 +46,15 @@ const output = `/** * serialize/deserialize + TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills inside the * QuickJS WASM VM. It includes devalue and all workflow-mode reducers. * - * Size: ${(bundleCode.length / 1024).toFixed(1)} KB minified + * The bundle is base64-encoded to avoid escaping issues when downstream + * esbuild re-processes the compiled JS output. + * + * Size: ${(bundleCode.length / 1024).toFixed(1)} KB (${(base64.length / 1024).toFixed(1)} KB base64) */ -export const VM_SERDE_BUNDLE = ${JSON.stringify(bundleCode)}; +const VM_SERDE_BUNDLE_B64 = ${JSON.stringify(base64)}; +export const VM_SERDE_BUNDLE: string = typeof Buffer !== 'undefined' + ? Buffer.from(VM_SERDE_BUNDLE_B64, 'base64').toString('utf-8') + : new TextDecoder().decode(Uint8Array.from(atob(VM_SERDE_BUNDLE_B64), c => c.charCodeAt(0))); `; writeFileSync(resolve(srcDir, 'runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts'), output); diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts index 3b207bc805..91f1436e99 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts @@ -6,7 +6,16 @@ * serialize/deserialize + TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills inside the * QuickJS WASM VM. 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Step functions cannot be deserialized outside workflow context.");return o?r(n,()=>o):r(n)}}}var Ge=new TextEncoder,Ye=new TextDecoder;function ve(e){switch(e){case"workflow":return{...B(),..._e(),...$()};case"step":return{...B(),...$()};case"client":return{...B(),...$()}}}function xe(e){switch(e){case"workflow":return{...W(),...Se(),...j()};case"step":return{...W(),...j()};case"client":return{...W(),...j(),StepFunction:()=>{throw new Error("Step functions cannot be deserialized in client context.")}}}}var M={formatPrefix:L.DEVALUE_V1,serialize(e,r){let t=ve(r),n=Y(e,t);return Ge.encode(n)},deserialize(e,r){let t=xe(r),n=Ye.decode(e);return H(n,t)},deserializeLegacy(e,r){let t=xe(r);return P(e,t)}};var Q=4,ee,re;function qe(){return ee||(ee=new globalThis.TextEncoder),ee}function Xe(){return re||(re=new globalThis.TextDecoder),re}function te(e){let r=M.serialize(e,"workflow"),t=qe().encode(L.DEVALUE_V1),n=new Uint8Array(t.length+r.length);return n.set(t,0),n.set(r,t.length),n}function ne(e){if(!(e instanceof Uint8Array)){if(M.deserializeLegacy)return M.deserializeLegacy(e,"workflow");throw new Error("Cannot deserialize non-binary data without legacy support")}if(e.length<Q)throw new Error("Data too short to contain format prefix");let r=Xe().decode(e.subarray(0,Q));if(!Ae(r))throw new Error(`Invalid format prefix: "${r}"`);if(r===L.DEVALUE_V1){let t=e.subarray(Q);return M.deserialize(t,"workflow")}throw new Error(`Unsupported serialization format: ${r}`)}typeof globalThis.TextEncoder>"u"&&(globalThis.TextEncoder=T);typeof globalThis.TextDecoder>"u"&&(globalThis.TextDecoder=O);globalThis[Symbol.for("workflow-serialize")]=te;globalThis[Symbol.for("workflow-deserialize")]=ne;globalThis.__wdk_serialize=te;globalThis.__wdk_deserialize=ne;var Je=globalThis.__ulidPrng??Math.random,Qe=fe(Je);globalThis.__generateUlid=()=>Qe(Date.now());})();
'; +export const VM_SERDE_BUNDLE: string = + typeof Buffer !== 'undefined' + ? Buffer.from(VM_SERDE_BUNDLE_B64, 'base64').toString('utf-8') + : new TextDecoder().decode( + Uint8Array.from(atob(VM_SERDE_BUNDLE_B64), (c) => c.charCodeAt(0)) + ); From 5ea7d9489f526aafacede66f718b7409117e6696 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 23:45:16 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 045/124] Read VM serde bundle from file instead of embedding as string literal Write the esbuild output as a standalone .js file and read it from disk at runtime with readFileSync. This avoids the escaping issues that arose when embedding minified JS (containing patterns like typeof x<"u") inside a JS string literal that gets re-processed by downstream esbuild (e.g., Nitro prod builds). --- packages/core/package.json | 2 +- .../core/scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js | 38 +- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 15 +- .../src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.js | 1198 +++++++++++++++++ .../src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts | 21 - 5 files changed, 1221 insertions(+), 53 deletions(-) create mode 100644 packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.js delete mode 100644 packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts diff --git a/packages/core/package.json b/packages/core/package.json index aecfb7d355..17d5325492 100644 --- a/packages/core/package.json +++ b/packages/core/package.json @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ "./_workflow": "./dist/workflow/index.js" }, "scripts": { - "build": "genversion --es6 src/version.ts && node scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js && tsc", + "build": "genversion --es6 src/version.ts && node scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js && tsc && cp src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.js dist/runtime/", "dev": "genversion --es6 src/version.ts && tsc --watch", "clean": "tsc --build --clean && rm -rf dist src/version.ts docs ||:", "test": "cross-env WORKFLOW_TARGET_WORLD=local vitest run src", diff --git a/packages/core/scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js b/packages/core/scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js index 0727b8d7b9..fa90949a42 100644 --- a/packages/core/scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js +++ b/packages/core/scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js @@ -2,9 +2,8 @@ * Build script: generates the VM serialization bundle. * * Uses esbuild to bundle workflow-vm.ts + TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills - * into a self-contained IIFE. The output is written as a TypeScript file - * containing the bundle as a string constant, which can be imported by - * the snapshot runtime. + * into a self-contained IIFE. The output is written as a standalone .js file + * that is read from disk at runtime by the snapshot runtime. * * The polyfills are injected via esbuild's `inject` option to ensure they * run before any other code (including module-level TextEncoder/TextDecoder @@ -32,33 +31,12 @@ const result = buildSync({ const bundleCode = result.outputFiles[0].text; -// Encode as base64 to avoid any escaping issues when downstream tools -// (e.g., Nitro's esbuild) re-process the compiled JS containing this -// string. The bundle is decoded at runtime via atob() + TextDecoder, or -// via Buffer on Node.js. -const base64 = Buffer.from(bundleCode, 'utf-8').toString('base64'); - -const output = `/** - * Auto-generated by scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js - * Do not edit manually. - * - * This is the VM serialization bundle — a self-contained IIFE that sets up - * serialize/deserialize + TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills inside the - * QuickJS WASM VM. It includes devalue and all workflow-mode reducers. - * - * The bundle is base64-encoded to avoid escaping issues when downstream - * esbuild re-processes the compiled JS output. - * - * Size: ${(bundleCode.length / 1024).toFixed(1)} KB (${(base64.length / 1024).toFixed(1)} KB base64) - */ -const VM_SERDE_BUNDLE_B64 = ${JSON.stringify(base64)}; -export const VM_SERDE_BUNDLE: string = typeof Buffer !== 'undefined' - ? Buffer.from(VM_SERDE_BUNDLE_B64, 'base64').toString('utf-8') - : new TextDecoder().decode(Uint8Array.from(atob(VM_SERDE_BUNDLE_B64), c => c.charCodeAt(0))); -`; - -writeFileSync(resolve(srcDir, 'runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts'), output); +// Write the bundle as a plain .js file. The snapshot runtime reads this +// from disk at runtime, avoiding any escaping issues that arise when +// embedding JS source inside a JS string literal. +const outPath = resolve(srcDir, 'runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.js'); +writeFileSync(outPath, bundleCode); console.log( - `Generated vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts (${(bundleCode.length / 1024).toFixed(1)} KB)` + `Generated vm-serde-bundle.generated.js (${(bundleCode.length / 1024).toFixed(1)} KB)` ); diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 3e47918354..c4d07eb889 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -13,11 +13,24 @@ * resolve/reject promises. */ +import { readFileSync } from 'node:fs'; +import { dirname, resolve } from 'node:path'; +import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url'; import type { Event, SnapshotMetadata, WorkflowRun } from '@workflow/world'; import { QuickJS } from 'quickjs-wasi'; import seedrandom from 'seedrandom'; import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; -import { VM_SERDE_BUNDLE } from './vm-serde-bundle.generated.js'; + +// Read the VM serde bundle from disk. This is a self-contained IIFE +// generated by scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js that sets up +// serialize/deserialize + polyfills inside the QuickJS VM. +// Reading from a file avoids escaping issues that arise when embedding +// JS source inside a JS string literal (which breaks downstream esbuild). +const __dirname = dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)); +const VM_SERDE_BUNDLE = readFileSync( + resolve(__dirname, 'vm-serde-bundle.generated.js'), + 'utf-8' +); // ---- Types ---- diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.js b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..19c2e5cc1b --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.js @@ -0,0 +1,1198 @@ +'use strict'; +(() => { + var Oe = Object.defineProperty; + var Ue = (e, r, t) => + r in e + ? Oe(e, r, { enumerable: !0, configurable: !0, writable: !0, value: t }) + : (e[r] = t); + var _ = (e, r, t) => Ue(e, typeof r != 'symbol' ? r + '' : r, t); + var T = class { + constructor() { + _(this, 'encoding', 'utf-8'); + } + encode(r) { + if (!r) return new Uint8Array(0); + let t = 0, + n = r.length, + o = 0, + c = Math.max(32, n + (n >>> 1) + 7), + s = new Uint8Array((c >>> 3) << 3); + for (; t < n; ) { + let l = r.charCodeAt(t++); + if (l >= 55296 && l <= 56319) + if (t < n) { + let i = r.charCodeAt(t); + (i & 64512) === 56320 + ? (++t, (l = ((l & 1023) << 10) + (i & 1023) + 65536)) + : (l = 65533); + } else l = 65533; + else l >= 56320 && l <= 57343 && (l = 65533); + if ((l & 4294967168) === 0) { + s[o++] = l; + continue; + } else if ((l & 4294965248) === 0) s[o++] = ((l >>> 6) & 31) | 192; + else if ((l & 4294901760) === 0) + (s[o++] = ((l >>> 12) & 15) | 224), (s[o++] = ((l >>> 6) & 63) | 128); + else if ((l & 4292870144) === 0) + (s[o++] = ((l >>> 18) & 7) | 240), + (s[o++] = ((l >>> 12) & 63) | 128), + (s[o++] = ((l >>> 6) & 63) | 128); + else continue; + s[o++] = (l & 63) | 128; + } + return s.slice(0, o); + } + encodeInto(r, t) { + throw new Error('encodeInto not implemented'); + } + }; + var O = class { + constructor(r, t) { + _(this, 'encoding', 'utf-8'); + _(this, 'fatal'); + _(this, 'ignoreBOM'); + if (typeof r == 'string' && r !== 'utf-8' && r !== 'utf8') + throw new TypeError('Only "utf-8" decoding is supported'); + (this.fatal = t?.fatal ?? !1), (this.ignoreBOM = t?.ignoreBOM ?? !1); + } + decode(r, t) { + if (!r) return ''; + let n; + r instanceof ArrayBuffer + ? (n = new Uint8Array(r)) + : (n = new Uint8Array(r.buffer, r.byteOffset, r.byteLength)); + let o = 0, + c = Math.min(256 * 256, n.length + 1), + s = new Uint16Array(c), + l = [], + i = 0, + a = !0; + for (;;) { + let d = o < n.length; + if (!d || i >= c - 1) { + let y = s.subarray(0, i), + g = String.fromCharCode.apply(null, y); + if ( + (a && + !this.ignoreBOM && + g.length > 0 && + g.charCodeAt(0) === 65279 && + (g = g.slice(1)), + (a = !1), + l.push(g), + !d) + ) + return l.join(''); + (n = n.subarray(o)), (o = 0), (i = 0); + } + let f = n[o++]; + if ((f & 128) === 0) s[i++] = f; + else if ((f & 224) === 192) { + let y = n[o++]; + if (y === void 0 || (y & 192) !== 128) { + if (this.fatal) throw new TypeError('Invalid UTF-8 sequence'); + (s[i++] = 65533), y !== void 0 && o--; + } else s[i++] = ((f & 31) << 6) | (y & 63); + } else if ((f & 240) === 224) { + let y = n[o++]; + if (y === void 0 || (y & 192) !== 128) { + if (this.fatal) throw new TypeError('Invalid UTF-8 sequence'); + (s[i++] = 65533), y !== void 0 && o--; + } else { + let g = n[o++]; + if (g === void 0 || (g & 192) !== 128) { + if (this.fatal) throw new TypeError('Invalid UTF-8 sequence'); + (s[i++] = 65533), g !== void 0 && o--; + } else s[i++] = ((f & 15) << 12) | ((y & 63) << 6) | (g & 63); + } + } else if ((f & 248) === 240) { + let y = n[o++]; + if (y === void 0 || (y & 192) !== 128) { + if (this.fatal) throw new TypeError('Invalid UTF-8 sequence'); + (s[i++] = 65533), y !== void 0 && o--; + } else { + let g = n[o++]; + if (g === void 0 || (g & 192) !== 128) { + if (this.fatal) throw new TypeError('Invalid UTF-8 sequence'); + (s[i++] = 65533), g !== void 0 && o--; + } else { + let u = n[o++]; + if (u === void 0 || (u & 192) !== 128) { + if (this.fatal) throw new TypeError('Invalid UTF-8 sequence'); + (s[i++] = 65533), u !== void 0 && o--; + } else { + let b = + ((f & 7) << 18) | + ((y & 63) << 12) | + ((g & 63) << 6) | + (u & 63); + b > 65535 && + ((b -= 65536), + (s[i++] = ((b >>> 10) & 1023) | 55296), + (b = 56320 | (b & 1023))), + (s[i++] = b); + } + } + } + } else { + if (this.fatal) throw new TypeError('Invalid UTF-8 sequence'); + s[i++] = 65533; + } + } + } + }; + function x(e) { + let r = typeof e == 'string' ? e : String(e); + if (/[^a-z0-9\-#$%&'*+.^_`|~!]/i.test(r) || r === '') + throw new TypeError(`Invalid character in header field name: "${r}"`); + return r.toLowerCase(); + } + function k(e) { + return (typeof e == 'string' ? e : String(e)).replace( + /^[\t ]+|[\t ]+$/g, + '' + ); + } + var se = (e) => e.join(', '), + F = class e { + constructor(r) { + _(this, '_map', new Map()); + let t = this._map; + if (r instanceof e) for (let [n, o] of r._map) t.set(n, [...o]); + else if (Array.isArray(r)) + for (let n = 0; n < r.length; n++) { + let o = r[n], + c = x(o[0]), + s = k(o[1]), + l = t.get(c); + l ? l.push(s) : t.set(c, [s]); + } + else if (r) + for (let n of Object.getOwnPropertyNames(r)) t.set(x(n), [k(r[n])]); + } + append(r, t) { + (r = x(r)), (t = k(t)); + let n = this._map, + o = n.get(r); + o || ((o = []), n.set(r, o)), o.push(t); + } + delete(r) { + this._map.delete(x(r)); + } + get(r) { + let t = this._map.get(x(r)); + return t ? se(t) : null; + } + getSetCookie() { + return [...(this._map.get('set-cookie') || [])]; + } + has(r) { + return this._map.has(x(r)); + } + set(r, t) { + this._map.set(x(r), [k(t)]); + } + forEach(r, t) { + for (let [n, o] of this.entries()) r.call(t, o, n, this); + } + *entries() { + let r = [...this._map.entries()].sort((t, n) => + t[0] < n[0] ? -1 : t[0] > n[0] ? 1 : 0 + ); + for (let [t, n] of r) + if (t === 'set-cookie') for (let o of n) yield [t, o]; + else yield [t, se(n)]; + } + *keys() { + for (let [r] of this.entries()) yield r; + } + *values() { + for (let [, r] of this.entries()) yield r; + } + [Symbol.iterator]() { + return this.entries(); + } + }; + typeof globalThis.TextEncoder > 'u' && (globalThis.TextEncoder = T); + typeof globalThis.TextDecoder > 'u' && (globalThis.TextDecoder = O); + typeof globalThis.Headers > 'u' && (globalThis.Headers = F); + var C = '0123456789ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTVWXYZ'; + var w; + (function (e) { + (e.Base32IncorrectEncoding = 'B32_ENC_INVALID'), + (e.DecodeTimeInvalidCharacter = 'DEC_TIME_CHAR'), + (e.DecodeTimeValueMalformed = 'DEC_TIME_MALFORMED'), + (e.EncodeTimeNegative = 'ENC_TIME_NEG'), + (e.EncodeTimeSizeExceeded = 'ENC_TIME_SIZE_EXCEED'), + (e.EncodeTimeValueMalformed = 'ENC_TIME_MALFORMED'), + (e.PRNGDetectFailure = 'PRNG_DETECT'), + (e.ULIDInvalid = 'ULID_INVALID'), + (e.Unexpected = 'UNEXPECTED'), + (e.UUIDInvalid = 'UUID_INVALID'); + })(w || (w = {})); + var I = class extends Error { + constructor(r, t) { + super(`${t} (${r})`), (this.name = 'ULIDError'), (this.code = r); + } + }; + function Ne(e) { + let r = Math.floor(e() * 32) % 32; + return C.charAt(r); + } + function ae(e, r, t) { + return r > e.length - 1 ? e : e.substr(0, r) + t + e.substr(r + 1); + } + function Ce(e) { + let r, + t = e.length, + n, + o, + c = e, + s = 31; + for (; !r && t-- >= 0; ) { + if (((n = c[t]), (o = C.indexOf(n)), o === -1)) + throw new I(w.Base32IncorrectEncoding, 'Incorrectly encoded string'); + if (o === s) { + c = ae(c, t, C[0]); + continue; + } + r = ae(c, t, C[o + 1]); + } + if (typeof r == 'string') return r; + throw new I(w.Base32IncorrectEncoding, 'Failed incrementing string'); + } + function Le(e) { + let r = De(), + t = (r && (r.crypto || r.msCrypto)) || null; + if (typeof t?.getRandomValues == 'function') + return () => { + let n = new Uint8Array(1); + return t.getRandomValues(n), n[0] / 255; + }; + if (typeof t?.randomBytes == 'function') + return () => t.randomBytes(1).readUInt8() / 255; + throw new I(w.PRNGDetectFailure, 'Failed to find a reliable PRNG'); + } + function De() { + return ke() + ? self + : typeof window < 'u' + ? window + : typeof global < 'u' + ? global + : typeof globalThis < 'u' + ? globalThis + : null; + } + function Me(e, r) { + let t = ''; + for (; e > 0; e--) t = Ne(r) + t; + return t; + } + function ie(e, r = 10) { + if (isNaN(e)) + throw new I(w.EncodeTimeValueMalformed, `Time must be a number: ${e}`); + if (e > 0xffffffffffff) + throw new I( + w.EncodeTimeSizeExceeded, + `Cannot encode a time larger than ${0xffffffffffff}: ${e}` + ); + if (e < 0) throw new I(w.EncodeTimeNegative, `Time must be positive: ${e}`); + if (Number.isInteger(e) === !1) + throw new I(w.EncodeTimeValueMalformed, `Time must be an integer: ${e}`); + let t, + n = ''; + for (let o = r; o > 0; o--) + (t = e % 32), (n = C.charAt(t) + n), (e = (e - t) / 32); + return n; + } + function ke() { + return typeof WorkerGlobalScope < 'u' && self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope; + } + function fe(e) { + let r = e || Le(), + t = 0, + n; + return function (c) { + let s = !c || isNaN(c) ? Date.now() : c; + if (s <= t) { + let i = (n = Ce(n)); + return ie(t, 10) + i; + } + t = s; + let l = (n = Me(16, r)); + return ie(s, 10) + l; + }; + } + var S = class extends Error { + constructor(r, t, n, o) { + super(r), + (this.name = 'DevalueError'), + (this.path = t.join('')), + (this.value = n), + (this.root = o); + } + }; + function Z(e) { + return Object(e) !== e; + } + var Fe = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Object.prototype).sort().join('\0'); + function ce(e) { + let r = Object.getPrototypeOf(e); + return ( + r === Object.prototype || + r === null || + Object.getPrototypeOf(r) === null || + Object.getOwnPropertyNames(r).sort().join('\0') === Fe + ); + } + function le(e) { + return Object.prototype.toString.call(e).slice(8, -1); + } + function Pe(e) { + switch (e) { + case '"': + return '\\"'; + case '<': + return '\\u003C'; + case '\\': + return '\\\\'; + case ` +`: + return '\\n'; + case '\r': + return '\\r'; + case ' ': + return '\\t'; + case '\b': + return '\\b'; + case '\f': + return '\\f'; + case '\u2028': + return '\\u2028'; + case '\u2029': + return '\\u2029'; + default: + return e < ' ' + ? `\\u${e.charCodeAt(0).toString(16).padStart(4, '0')}` + : ''; + } + } + function h(e) { + let r = '', + t = 0, + n = e.length; + for (let o = 0; o < n; o += 1) { + let c = e[o], + s = Pe(c); + s && ((r += e.slice(t, o) + s), (t = o + 1)); + } + return `"${t === 0 ? e : r + e.slice(t)}"`; + } + function ue(e) { + return Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e).filter( + (r) => Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e, r).enumerable + ); + } + var Be = /^[a-zA-Z_$][a-zA-Z_$0-9]*$/; + function K(e) { + return Be.test(e) ? '.' + e : '[' + JSON.stringify(e) + ']'; + } + function We(e) { + if (e.length === 0 || (e.length > 1 && e.charCodeAt(0) === 48)) return !1; + for (let t = 0; t < e.length; t++) { + let n = e.charCodeAt(t); + if (n < 48 || n > 57) return !1; + } + let r = +e; + return !(r >= 2 ** 32 - 1 || r < 0); + } + function ye(e) { + let r = Object.keys(e); + for (var t = r.length - 1; t >= 0 && !We(r[t]); t--); + return (r.length = t + 1), r; + } + function de(e) { + let r = new DataView(e), + t = ''; + for (let n = 0; n < e.byteLength; n++) + t += String.fromCharCode(r.getUint8(n)); + return je(t); + } + function pe(e) { + let r = $e(e), + t = new ArrayBuffer(r.length), + n = new DataView(t); + for (let o = 0; o < t.byteLength; o++) n.setUint8(o, r.charCodeAt(o)); + return t; + } + var ge = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/'; + function $e(e) { + e.length % 4 === 0 && (e = e.replace(/==?$/, '')); + let r = '', + t = 0, + n = 0; + for (let o = 0; o < e.length; o++) + (t <<= 6), + (t |= ge.indexOf(e[o])), + (n += 6), + n === 24 && + ((r += String.fromCharCode((t & 16711680) >> 16)), + (r += String.fromCharCode((t & 65280) >> 8)), + (r += String.fromCharCode(t & 255)), + (t = n = 0)); + return ( + n === 12 + ? ((t >>= 4), (r += String.fromCharCode(t))) + : n === 18 && + ((t >>= 2), + (r += String.fromCharCode((t & 65280) >> 8)), + (r += String.fromCharCode(t & 255))), + r + ); + } + function je(e) { + let r = ''; + for (let t = 0; t < e.length; t += 3) { + let n = [void 0, void 0, void 0, void 0]; + (n[0] = e.charCodeAt(t) >> 2), + (n[1] = (e.charCodeAt(t) & 3) << 4), + e.length > t + 1 && + ((n[1] |= e.charCodeAt(t + 1) >> 4), + (n[2] = (e.charCodeAt(t + 1) & 15) << 2)), + e.length > t + 2 && + ((n[2] |= e.charCodeAt(t + 2) >> 6), + (n[3] = e.charCodeAt(t + 2) & 63)); + for (let o = 0; o < n.length; o++) + typeof n[o] > 'u' ? (r += '=') : (r += ge[n[o]]); + } + return r; + } + function H(e, r) { + return P(JSON.parse(e), r); + } + function P(e, r) { + if (typeof e == 'number') return c(e, !0); + if (!Array.isArray(e) || e.length === 0) throw new Error('Invalid input'); + let t = e, + n = Array(t.length), + o = null; + function c(s, l = !1) { + if (s === -1) return; + if (s === -3) return NaN; + if (s === -4) return 1 / 0; + if (s === -5) return -1 / 0; + if (s === -6) return -0; + if (l || typeof s != 'number') throw new Error('Invalid input'); + if (s in n) return n[s]; + let i = t[s]; + if (!i || typeof i != 'object') n[s] = i; + else if (Array.isArray(i)) + if (typeof i[0] == 'string') { + let a = i[0], + d = r && Object.hasOwn(r, a) ? r[a] : void 0; + if (d) { + let f = i[1]; + if ( + (typeof f != 'number' && (f = t.push(i[1]) - 1), + o ?? (o = new Set()), + o.has(f)) + ) + throw new Error('Invalid circular reference'); + return o.add(f), (n[s] = d(c(f))), o.delete(f), n[s]; + } + switch (a) { + case 'Date': + n[s] = new Date(i[1]); + break; + case 'Set': + let f = new Set(); + n[s] = f; + for (let u = 1; u < i.length; u += 1) f.add(c(i[u])); + break; + case 'Map': + let y = new Map(); + n[s] = y; + for (let u = 1; u < i.length; u += 2) y.set(c(i[u]), c(i[u + 1])); + break; + case 'RegExp': + n[s] = new RegExp(i[1], i[2]); + break; + case 'Object': + n[s] = Object(i[1]); + break; + case 'BigInt': + n[s] = BigInt(i[1]); + break; + case 'null': + let g = Object.create(null); + n[s] = g; + for (let u = 1; u < i.length; u += 2) g[i[u]] = c(i[u + 1]); + break; + case 'Int8Array': + case 'Uint8Array': + case 'Uint8ClampedArray': + case 'Int16Array': + case 'Uint16Array': + case 'Int32Array': + case 'Uint32Array': + case 'Float32Array': + case 'Float64Array': + case 'BigInt64Array': + case 'BigUint64Array': { + if (t[i[1]][0] !== 'ArrayBuffer') throw new Error('Invalid data'); + let u = globalThis[a], + b = c(i[1]), + p = new u(b); + n[s] = i[2] !== void 0 ? p.subarray(i[2], i[3]) : p; + break; + } + case 'ArrayBuffer': { + let u = i[1]; + if (typeof u != 'string') + throw new Error('Invalid ArrayBuffer encoding'); + let b = pe(u); + n[s] = b; + break; + } + case 'Temporal.Duration': + case 'Temporal.Instant': + case 'Temporal.PlainDate': + case 'Temporal.PlainTime': + case 'Temporal.PlainDateTime': + case 'Temporal.PlainMonthDay': + case 'Temporal.PlainYearMonth': + case 'Temporal.ZonedDateTime': { + let u = a.slice(9); + n[s] = Temporal[u].from(i[1]); + break; + } + case 'URL': { + let u = new URL(i[1]); + n[s] = u; + break; + } + case 'URLSearchParams': { + let u = new URLSearchParams(i[1]); + n[s] = u; + break; + } + default: + throw new Error(`Unknown type ${a}`); + } + } else if (i[0] === -7) { + let a = i[1], + d = new Array(a); + n[s] = d; + for (let f = 2; f < i.length; f += 2) { + let y = i[f]; + d[y] = c(i[f + 1]); + } + } else { + let a = new Array(i.length); + n[s] = a; + for (let d = 0; d < i.length; d += 1) { + let f = i[d]; + f !== -2 && (a[d] = c(f)); + } + } + else { + let a = {}; + n[s] = a; + for (let d of Object.keys(i)) { + if (d === '__proto__') + throw new Error( + 'Cannot parse an object with a `__proto__` property' + ); + let f = i[d]; + a[d] = c(f); + } + } + return n[s]; + } + return c(0); + } + function Y(e, r) { + let t = [], + n = new Map(), + o = []; + if (r) + for (let a of Object.getOwnPropertyNames(r)) o.push({ key: a, fn: r[a] }); + let c = [], + s = 0; + function l(a) { + if (a === void 0) return -1; + if (Number.isNaN(a)) return -3; + if (a === 1 / 0) return -4; + if (a === -1 / 0) return -5; + if (a === 0 && 1 / a < 0) return -6; + if (n.has(a)) return n.get(a); + let d = s++; + n.set(a, d); + for (let { key: y, fn: g } of o) { + let u = g(a); + if (u) return (t[d] = `["${y}",${l(u)}]`), d; + } + if (typeof a == 'function') + throw new S('Cannot stringify a function', c, a, e); + let f = ''; + if (Z(a)) f = G(a); + else { + let y = le(a); + switch (y) { + case 'Number': + case 'String': + case 'Boolean': + f = `["Object",${G(a)}]`; + break; + case 'BigInt': + f = `["BigInt",${a}]`; + break; + case 'Date': + f = `["Date","${!isNaN(a.getDate()) ? a.toISOString() : ''}"]`; + break; + case 'URL': + f = `["URL",${h(a.toString())}]`; + break; + case 'URLSearchParams': + f = `["URLSearchParams",${h(a.toString())}]`; + break; + case 'RegExp': + let { source: u, flags: b } = a; + f = b ? `["RegExp",${h(u)},"${b}"]` : `["RegExp",${h(u)}]`; + break; + case 'Array': { + let p = !1; + f = '['; + for (let m = 0; m < a.length; m += 1) + if ((m > 0 && (f += ','), Object.hasOwn(a, m))) + c.push(`[${m}]`), (f += l(a[m])), c.pop(); + else if (p) f += -2; + else { + let R = ye(a), + N = R.length, + oe = String(a.length).length, + Re = (a.length - N) * 3, + Te = 4 + oe + N * (oe + 1); + if (Re > Te) { + f = '[' + -7 + ',' + a.length; + for (let z = 0; z < R.length; z++) { + let V = R[z]; + c.push(`[${V}]`), (f += ',' + V + ',' + l(a[V])), c.pop(); + } + break; + } else (p = !0), (f += -2); + } + f += ']'; + break; + } + case 'Set': + f = '["Set"'; + for (let p of a) f += `,${l(p)}`; + f += ']'; + break; + case 'Map': + f = '["Map"'; + for (let [p, m] of a) + c.push(`.get(${Z(p) ? G(p) : '...'})`), + (f += `,${l(p)},${l(m)}`), + c.pop(); + f += ']'; + break; + case 'Int8Array': + case 'Uint8Array': + case 'Uint8ClampedArray': + case 'Int16Array': + case 'Uint16Array': + case 'Int32Array': + case 'Uint32Array': + case 'Float32Array': + case 'Float64Array': + case 'BigInt64Array': + case 'BigUint64Array': { + let p = a; + f = '["' + y + '",' + l(p.buffer); + let m = a.byteOffset, + R = m + a.byteLength; + if (m > 0 || R !== p.buffer.byteLength) { + let N = +/(\d+)/.exec(y)[1] / 8; + f += `,${m / N},${R / N}`; + } + f += ']'; + break; + } + case 'ArrayBuffer': { + f = `["ArrayBuffer","${de(a)}"]`; + break; + } + case 'Temporal.Duration': + case 'Temporal.Instant': + case 'Temporal.PlainDate': + case 'Temporal.PlainTime': + case 'Temporal.PlainDateTime': + case 'Temporal.PlainMonthDay': + case 'Temporal.PlainYearMonth': + case 'Temporal.ZonedDateTime': + f = `["${y}",${h(a.toString())}]`; + break; + default: + if (!ce(a)) + throw new S('Cannot stringify arbitrary non-POJOs', c, a, e); + if (ue(a).length > 0) + throw new S('Cannot stringify POJOs with symbolic keys', c, a, e); + if (Object.getPrototypeOf(a) === null) { + f = '["null"'; + for (let p of Object.keys(a)) { + if (p === '__proto__') + throw new S( + 'Cannot stringify objects with __proto__ keys', + c, + a, + e + ); + c.push(K(p)), (f += `,${h(p)},${l(a[p])}`), c.pop(); + } + f += ']'; + } else { + f = '{'; + let p = !1; + for (let m of Object.keys(a)) { + if (m === '__proto__') + throw new S( + 'Cannot stringify objects with __proto__ keys', + c, + a, + e + ); + p && (f += ','), + (p = !0), + c.push(K(m)), + (f += `${h(m)}:${l(a[m])}`), + c.pop(); + } + f += '}'; + } + } + } + return (t[d] = f), d; + } + let i = l(e); + return i < 0 ? `${i}` : `[${t.join(',')}]`; + } + function G(e) { + let r = typeof e; + return r === 'string' + ? h(e) + : e instanceof String + ? h(e.toString()) + : e === void 0 + ? (-1).toString() + : e === 0 && 1 / e < 0 + ? (-6).toString() + : r === 'bigint' + ? `["BigInt","${e}"]` + : String(e); + } + function Ae(e) { + return e.length === 4 && /^[a-z0-9]{4}$/.test(e); + } + var L = { DEVALUE_V1: 'devl', ENCRYPTED: 'encr' }; + var v = Symbol.for('workflow-serialize'), + q = Symbol.for('workflow-deserialize'); + var X = Symbol.for('workflow-class-registry'); + function He(e = globalThis) { + let r = e, + t = r[X]; + return t || ((t = new Map()), (r[X] = t)), t; + } + function J(e, r) { + return He(r).get(e); + } + function B() { + return { + Class: (e) => { + if (typeof e != 'function') return !1; + let r = e.classId; + return typeof r != 'string' ? !1 : { classId: r }; + }, + Instance: (e) => { + if (e === null || typeof e != 'object') return !1; + let r = e.constructor; + if (!r || typeof r != 'function') return !1; + let t = r[v]; + if (typeof t != 'function') return !1; + let n = r.classId; + if (typeof n != 'string') + throw new Error( + `Class "${r.name}" with ${String(v)} must have a static "classId" property.` + ); + let o = t.call(r, e); + return { classId: n, data: o }; + }, + }; + } + function W(e = globalThis) { + return { + Class: (r) => { + let t = r.classId, + n = J(t, e); + if (!n) + throw new Error( + `Class "${t}" not found. Make sure the class is registered with registerSerializationClass.` + ); + return n; + }, + Instance: (r) => { + let t = r.classId, + n = r.data, + o = J(t, e); + if (!o) + throw new Error( + `Class "${t}" not found. Make sure the class is registered with registerSerializationClass.` + ); + let c = o[q]; + if (typeof c != 'function') + throw new Error( + `Class "${t}" does not have a static ${String(q)} method.` + ); + return c.call(o, n); + }, + }; + } + var U = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/', + D = new Uint8Array(256); + for (let e = 0; e < U.length; e++) D[U.charCodeAt(e)] = e; + function he(e) { + let r = e.length, + t = ''; + for (let n = 0; n < r; n += 3) { + let o = e[n], + c = n + 1 < r ? e[n + 1] : 0, + s = n + 2 < r ? e[n + 2] : 0; + (t += U[(o >> 2) & 63]), + (t += U[((o << 4) | (c >> 4)) & 63]), + (t += n + 1 < r ? U[((c << 2) | (s >> 6)) & 63] : '='), + (t += n + 2 < r ? U[s & 63] : '='); + } + return t; + } + function we(e) { + let r = e.length; + e[r - 1] === '=' && r--, e[r - 1] === '=' && r--; + let t = new Uint8Array(Math.floor((r * 3) / 4)), + n = 0; + for (let o = 0; o < r; o += 4) { + let c = D[e.charCodeAt(o)], + s = D[e.charCodeAt(o + 1)], + l = o + 2 < r ? D[e.charCodeAt(o + 2)] : 0, + i = o + 3 < r ? D[e.charCodeAt(o + 3)] : 0; + (t[n++] = (c << 2) | (s >> 4)), + o + 2 < r && (t[n++] = ((s << 4) | (l >> 2)) & 255), + o + 3 < r && (t[n++] = ((l << 6) | i) & 255); + } + return t; + } + function Ie(e, r, t) { + if (t === 0) return '.'; + let n = new Uint8Array(e, r, t); + return he(n); + } + function A(e) { + return Ie(e.buffer, e.byteOffset, e.byteLength); + } + function E(e) { + return we(e === '.' ? '' : e).buffer; + } + function $() { + return { + ArrayBuffer: (e) => e instanceof ArrayBuffer && Ie(e, 0, e.byteLength), + BigInt: (e) => typeof e == 'bigint' && e.toString(), + BigInt64Array: (e) => e instanceof BigInt64Array && A(e), + BigUint64Array: (e) => e instanceof BigUint64Array && A(e), + Date: (e) => + e instanceof Date + ? !Number.isNaN(e.getDate()) + ? e.toISOString() + : '.' + : !1, + Error: (e) => + e instanceof Error + ? { name: e.name, message: e.message, stack: e.stack } + : !1, + Float32Array: (e) => e instanceof Float32Array && A(e), + Float64Array: (e) => e instanceof Float64Array && A(e), + Int8Array: (e) => e instanceof Int8Array && A(e), + Int16Array: (e) => e instanceof Int16Array && A(e), + Int32Array: (e) => e instanceof Int32Array && A(e), + Map: (e) => e instanceof Map && Array.from(e), + RegExp: (e) => + e instanceof RegExp && { source: e.source, flags: e.flags }, + Headers: (e) => { + let r = globalThis.Headers; + return !r || !(e instanceof r) ? !1 : Array.from(e); + }, + Request: (e) => { + let r = globalThis.Request; + if ( + !r || + (!(e instanceof r) && typeof e?.json != 'function') || + typeof e?.method != 'string' + ) + return !1; + let t = { + method: e.method, + url: e.url, + headers: e.headers, + body: e.body, + duplex: e.duplex, + }, + n = e[Symbol.for('WEBHOOK_RESPONSE_WRITABLE')]; + return n && (t.responseWritable = n), t; + }, + Response: (e) => { + let r = globalThis.Response; + return !r || + (!(e instanceof r) && typeof e?.clone != 'function') || + typeof e?.status != 'number' + ? !1 + : { + type: e.type, + url: e.url, + status: e.status, + statusText: e.statusText, + headers: e.headers, + body: e.body, + redirected: e.redirected, + }; + }, + ReadableStream: (e) => { + if (e == null) return !1; + let r = globalThis.ReadableStream; + if (!r || !(e instanceof r || Object.getPrototypeOf(e) === r.prototype)) + return !1; + let t = e[Symbol.for('BODY_INIT')]; + if (t !== void 0) return { bodyInit: t }; + let n = e[Symbol.for('STREAM_NAME')]; + if (n) { + let o = { name: n }, + c = e[Symbol.for('STREAM_TYPE')]; + return c && (o.type = c), o; + } + return { name: '__empty' }; + }, + WritableStream: (e) => { + if (e == null) return !1; + let r = globalThis.WritableStream; + return !r || + !(e instanceof r || Object.getPrototypeOf(e) === r.prototype) + ? !1 + : { name: e[Symbol.for('STREAM_NAME')] || '__empty' }; + }, + Set: (e) => e instanceof Set && Array.from(e), + URL: (e) => (typeof URL < 'u' && e instanceof URL ? e.href : !1), + URLSearchParams: (e) => + typeof URLSearchParams < 'u' && e instanceof URLSearchParams + ? e.size === 0 + ? '.' + : String(e) + : !1, + Uint8Array: (e) => e instanceof Uint8Array && A(e), + Uint8ClampedArray: (e) => e instanceof Uint8ClampedArray && A(e), + Uint16Array: (e) => e instanceof Uint16Array && A(e), + Uint32Array: (e) => e instanceof Uint32Array && A(e), + }; + } + function j() { + return { + ArrayBuffer: (e) => E(e), + BigInt: (e) => BigInt(e), + BigInt64Array: (e) => new BigInt64Array(E(e)), + BigUint64Array: (e) => new BigUint64Array(E(e)), + Date: (e) => new Date(e), + Error: (e) => { + let r = new Error(e.message); + return (r.name = e.name), (r.stack = e.stack), r; + }, + Float32Array: (e) => new Float32Array(E(e)), + Float64Array: (e) => new Float64Array(E(e)), + Int8Array: (e) => new Int8Array(E(e)), + Int16Array: (e) => new Int16Array(E(e)), + Int32Array: (e) => new Int32Array(E(e)), + Map: (e) => new Map(e), + RegExp: (e) => new RegExp(e.source, e.flags), + Set: (e) => new Set(e), + URL: (e) => (typeof URL < 'u' ? new URL(e) : e), + URLSearchParams: (e) => + typeof URLSearchParams < 'u' + ? new URLSearchParams(e === '.' ? '' : e) + : e, + Uint8Array: (e) => new Uint8Array(E(e)), + Uint8ClampedArray: (e) => new Uint8ClampedArray(E(e)), + Uint16Array: (e) => new Uint16Array(E(e)), + Uint32Array: (e) => new Uint32Array(E(e)), + Headers: (e) => new globalThis.Headers(e), + Request: (e) => { + let r = globalThis.Request; + return ( + r && + ((e.json = r.prototype.json), + (e.text = r.prototype.text), + (e.arrayBuffer = r.prototype.arrayBuffer)), + e.responseWritable && + (e[Symbol.for('WEBHOOK_RESPONSE_WRITABLE')] = e.responseWritable), + e + ); + }, + Response: (e) => { + let r = globalThis.Response; + return ( + r && + ((e.json = r.prototype.json), + (e.text = r.prototype.text), + (e.arrayBuffer = r.prototype.arrayBuffer), + r.prototype.bytes && (e.bytes = r.prototype.bytes), + r.prototype.clone && (e.clone = r.prototype.clone)), + (e._body = e.body), + (e.ok = e.status >= 200 && e.status < 300), + (e.bodyUsed = !1), + e + ); + }, + ReadableStream: (e) => { + let r = globalThis.ReadableStream, + t = Object.create(r ? r.prototype : {}); + return ( + e && 'bodyInit' in e + ? (t[Symbol.for('BODY_INIT')] = e.bodyInit) + : e && + 'name' in e && + ((t[Symbol.for('STREAM_NAME')] = e.name), + e.type && (t[Symbol.for('STREAM_TYPE')] = e.type)), + t + ); + }, + WritableStream: (e) => { + let r = globalThis.WritableStream, + t = Object.create(r ? r.prototype : {}); + return e && 'name' in e && (t[Symbol.for('STREAM_NAME')] = e.name), t; + }, + }; + } + function _e() { + return { + StepFunction: (e) => { + if (typeof e != 'function') return !1; + let r = e.stepId; + if (typeof r != 'string') return !1; + let t = e.__closureVarsFn; + if (t && typeof t == 'function') { + let n = t(); + return { stepId: r, closureVars: n }; + } + return { stepId: r }; + }, + }; + } + function Se(e = globalThis) { + let r = e[Symbol.for('WORKFLOW_USE_STEP')]; + return { + StepFunction: (t) => { + let n = t.stepId, + o = t.closureVars; + if (!r) + throw new Error( + 'WORKFLOW_USE_STEP not found on global object. Step functions cannot be deserialized outside workflow context.' + ); + return o ? r(n, () => o) : r(n); + }, + }; + } + var Ge = new TextEncoder(), + Ye = new TextDecoder(); + function ve(e) { + switch (e) { + case 'workflow': + return { ...B(), ..._e(), ...$() }; + case 'step': + return { ...B(), ...$() }; + case 'client': + return { ...B(), ...$() }; + } + } + function xe(e) { + switch (e) { + case 'workflow': + return { ...W(), ...Se(), ...j() }; + case 'step': + return { ...W(), ...j() }; + case 'client': + return { + ...W(), + ...j(), + StepFunction: () => { + throw new Error( + 'Step functions cannot be deserialized in client context.' + ); + }, + }; + } + } + var M = { + formatPrefix: L.DEVALUE_V1, + serialize(e, r) { + let t = ve(r), + n = Y(e, t); + return Ge.encode(n); + }, + deserialize(e, r) { + let t = xe(r), + n = Ye.decode(e); + return H(n, t); + }, + deserializeLegacy(e, r) { + let t = xe(r); + return P(e, t); + }, + }; + var Q = 4, + ee, + re; + function qe() { + return ee || (ee = new globalThis.TextEncoder()), ee; + } + function Xe() { + return re || (re = new globalThis.TextDecoder()), re; + } + function te(e) { + let r = M.serialize(e, 'workflow'), + t = qe().encode(L.DEVALUE_V1), + n = new Uint8Array(t.length + r.length); + return n.set(t, 0), n.set(r, t.length), n; + } + function ne(e) { + if (!(e instanceof Uint8Array)) { + if (M.deserializeLegacy) return M.deserializeLegacy(e, 'workflow'); + throw new Error( + 'Cannot deserialize non-binary data without legacy support' + ); + } + if (e.length < Q) + throw new Error('Data too short to contain format prefix'); + let r = Xe().decode(e.subarray(0, Q)); + if (!Ae(r)) throw new Error(`Invalid format prefix: "${r}"`); + if (r === L.DEVALUE_V1) { + let t = e.subarray(Q); + return M.deserialize(t, 'workflow'); + } + throw new Error(`Unsupported serialization format: ${r}`); + } + typeof globalThis.TextEncoder > 'u' && (globalThis.TextEncoder = T); + typeof globalThis.TextDecoder > 'u' && (globalThis.TextDecoder = O); + globalThis[Symbol.for('workflow-serialize')] = te; + globalThis[Symbol.for('workflow-deserialize')] = ne; + globalThis.__wdk_serialize = te; + globalThis.__wdk_deserialize = ne; + var Je = globalThis.__ulidPrng ?? Math.random, + Qe = fe(Je); + globalThis.__generateUlid = () => Qe(Date.now()); +})(); diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts deleted file mode 100644 index 91f1436e99..0000000000 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21 +0,0 @@ -/** - * Auto-generated by scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js - * Do not edit manually. - * - * This is the VM serialization bundle — a self-contained IIFE that sets up - * serialize/deserialize + TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills inside the - * QuickJS WASM VM. 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'; -export const VM_SERDE_BUNDLE: string = - typeof Buffer !== 'undefined' - ? Buffer.from(VM_SERDE_BUNDLE_B64, 'base64').toString('utf-8') - : new TextDecoder().decode( - Uint8Array.from(atob(VM_SERDE_BUNDLE_B64), (c) => c.charCodeAt(0)) - ); From 971900efab0b6449a218462c18479658b70d83f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2026 01:11:49 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 046/124] Use template literal for VM serde bundle instead of file read MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Revert the readFileSync approach which broke in CJS bundled contexts (world-testing embedded tests) where import.meta.url is undefined. Instead, use a template literal to embed the bundle string. Template literals avoid the escaping issues that broke Nitro builds — esbuild's minifier produces patterns like typeof x<"u" whose escaped quotes inside a JSON-stringified regular string literal confuse downstream esbuild, but template literals use backticks which don't conflict. --- packages/core/package.json | 2 +- .../core/scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js | 39 +- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 15 +- .../src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.js | 1198 ----------------- .../src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts | 13 + 5 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 1221 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.js create mode 100644 packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts diff --git a/packages/core/package.json b/packages/core/package.json index 17d5325492..aecfb7d355 100644 --- a/packages/core/package.json +++ b/packages/core/package.json @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ "./_workflow": "./dist/workflow/index.js" }, "scripts": { - "build": "genversion --es6 src/version.ts && node scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js && tsc && cp src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.js dist/runtime/", + "build": "genversion --es6 src/version.ts && node scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js && tsc", "dev": "genversion --es6 src/version.ts && tsc --watch", "clean": "tsc --build --clean && rm -rf dist src/version.ts docs ||:", "test": "cross-env WORKFLOW_TARGET_WORLD=local vitest run src", diff --git a/packages/core/scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js b/packages/core/scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js index fa90949a42..4b5f6f44cd 100644 --- a/packages/core/scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js +++ b/packages/core/scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js @@ -2,8 +2,9 @@ * Build script: generates the VM serialization bundle. * * Uses esbuild to bundle workflow-vm.ts + TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills - * into a self-contained IIFE. The output is written as a standalone .js file - * that is read from disk at runtime by the snapshot runtime. + * into a self-contained IIFE. The output is written as a TypeScript file + * containing the bundle as a string constant, which can be imported by + * the snapshot runtime. * * The polyfills are injected via esbuild's `inject` option to ensure they * run before any other code (including module-level TextEncoder/TextDecoder @@ -31,12 +32,34 @@ const result = buildSync({ const bundleCode = result.outputFiles[0].text; -// Write the bundle as a plain .js file. The snapshot runtime reads this -// from disk at runtime, avoiding any escaping issues that arise when -// embedding JS source inside a JS string literal. -const outPath = resolve(srcDir, 'runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.js'); -writeFileSync(outPath, bundleCode); +// Write as a TS module using a template literal. Template literals avoid +// the escaping issues that occur with regular string literals — esbuild's +// minifier produces patterns like `typeof x<"u"` whose escaped quotes +// inside a JSON-stringified string break when downstream esbuild (e.g., +// Nitro) re-processes the compiled JS output. Template literals don't +// have this problem since backticks don't conflict with inner quotes. +const escaped = bundleCode + .replace(/\\/g, '\\\\') + .replace(/`/g, '\\`') + .replace(/\$\{/g, '\\${'); + +const outPath = resolve(srcDir, 'runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts'); +writeFileSync( + outPath, + `/** + * Auto-generated by scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js + * Do not edit manually. + * + * This is the VM serialization bundle — a self-contained IIFE that sets up + * serialize/deserialize + TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills inside the + * QuickJS WASM VM. It includes devalue and all workflow-mode reducers. + * + * Size: ${(bundleCode.length / 1024).toFixed(1)} KB minified + */ +export const VM_SERDE_BUNDLE: string = \`${escaped}\`; +` +); console.log( - `Generated vm-serde-bundle.generated.js (${(bundleCode.length / 1024).toFixed(1)} KB)` + `Generated vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts (${(bundleCode.length / 1024).toFixed(1)} KB)` ); diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index c4d07eb889..3e47918354 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -13,24 +13,11 @@ * resolve/reject promises. */ -import { readFileSync } from 'node:fs'; -import { dirname, resolve } from 'node:path'; -import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url'; import type { Event, SnapshotMetadata, WorkflowRun } from '@workflow/world'; import { QuickJS } from 'quickjs-wasi'; import seedrandom from 'seedrandom'; import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; - -// Read the VM serde bundle from disk. This is a self-contained IIFE -// generated by scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js that sets up -// serialize/deserialize + polyfills inside the QuickJS VM. -// Reading from a file avoids escaping issues that arise when embedding -// JS source inside a JS string literal (which breaks downstream esbuild). -const __dirname = dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)); -const VM_SERDE_BUNDLE = readFileSync( - resolve(__dirname, 'vm-serde-bundle.generated.js'), - 'utf-8' -); +import { VM_SERDE_BUNDLE } from './vm-serde-bundle.generated.js'; // ---- Types ---- diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.js b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.js deleted file mode 100644 index 19c2e5cc1b..0000000000 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.js +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1198 +0,0 @@ -'use strict'; -(() => { - var Oe = Object.defineProperty; - var Ue = (e, r, t) => - r in e - ? Oe(e, r, { enumerable: !0, configurable: !0, writable: !0, value: t }) - : (e[r] = t); - var _ = (e, r, t) => Ue(e, typeof r != 'symbol' ? r + '' : r, t); - var T = class { - constructor() { - _(this, 'encoding', 'utf-8'); - } - encode(r) { - if (!r) return new Uint8Array(0); - let t = 0, - n = r.length, - o = 0, - c = Math.max(32, n + (n >>> 1) + 7), - s = new Uint8Array((c >>> 3) << 3); - for (; t < n; ) { - let l = r.charCodeAt(t++); - if (l >= 55296 && l <= 56319) - if (t < n) { - let i = r.charCodeAt(t); - (i & 64512) === 56320 - ? (++t, (l = ((l & 1023) << 10) + (i & 1023) + 65536)) - : (l = 65533); - } else l = 65533; - else l >= 56320 && l <= 57343 && (l = 65533); - if ((l & 4294967168) === 0) { - s[o++] = l; - continue; - } else if ((l & 4294965248) === 0) s[o++] = ((l >>> 6) & 31) | 192; - else if ((l & 4294901760) === 0) - (s[o++] = ((l >>> 12) & 15) | 224), (s[o++] = ((l >>> 6) & 63) | 128); - else if ((l & 4292870144) === 0) - (s[o++] = ((l >>> 18) & 7) | 240), - (s[o++] = ((l >>> 12) & 63) | 128), - (s[o++] = ((l >>> 6) & 63) | 128); - else continue; - s[o++] = (l & 63) | 128; - } - return s.slice(0, o); - } - encodeInto(r, t) { - throw new Error('encodeInto not implemented'); - } - }; - var O = class { - constructor(r, t) { - _(this, 'encoding', 'utf-8'); - _(this, 'fatal'); - _(this, 'ignoreBOM'); - if (typeof r == 'string' && r !== 'utf-8' && r !== 'utf8') - throw new TypeError('Only "utf-8" decoding is supported'); - (this.fatal = t?.fatal ?? !1), (this.ignoreBOM = t?.ignoreBOM ?? !1); - } - decode(r, t) { - if (!r) return ''; - let n; - r instanceof ArrayBuffer - ? 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globalThis - : null; - } - function Me(e, r) { - let t = ''; - for (; e > 0; e--) t = Ne(r) + t; - return t; - } - function ie(e, r = 10) { - if (isNaN(e)) - throw new I(w.EncodeTimeValueMalformed, `Time must be a number: ${e}`); - if (e > 0xffffffffffff) - throw new I( - w.EncodeTimeSizeExceeded, - `Cannot encode a time larger than ${0xffffffffffff}: ${e}` - ); - if (e < 0) throw new I(w.EncodeTimeNegative, `Time must be positive: ${e}`); - if (Number.isInteger(e) === !1) - throw new I(w.EncodeTimeValueMalformed, `Time must be an integer: ${e}`); - let t, - n = ''; - for (let o = r; o > 0; o--) - (t = e % 32), (n = C.charAt(t) + n), (e = (e - t) / 32); - return n; - } - function ke() { - return typeof WorkerGlobalScope < 'u' && self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope; - } - function fe(e) { - let r = e || Le(), - t = 0, - n; - return function (c) { - let s = !c || isNaN(c) ? Date.now() : c; - if (s <= t) { - let i = (n = Ce(n)); - return ie(t, 10) + i; - } - t = s; - let l = (n = Me(16, r)); - return ie(s, 10) + l; - }; - } - var S = class extends Error { - constructor(r, t, n, o) { - super(r), - (this.name = 'DevalueError'), - (this.path = t.join('')), - (this.value = n), - (this.root = o); - } - }; - function Z(e) { - return Object(e) !== e; - } - var Fe = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Object.prototype).sort().join('\0'); - function ce(e) { - let r = Object.getPrototypeOf(e); - return ( - r === Object.prototype || - r === null || - Object.getPrototypeOf(r) === null || - Object.getOwnPropertyNames(r).sort().join('\0') === Fe - ); - } - function le(e) { - return Object.prototype.toString.call(e).slice(8, -1); - } - function Pe(e) { - switch (e) { - case '"': - return '\\"'; - case '<': - return '\\u003C'; - case '\\': - return '\\\\'; - case ` -`: - return '\\n'; - case '\r': - return '\\r'; - case ' ': - return '\\t'; - case '\b': - return '\\b'; - case '\f': - return '\\f'; - case '\u2028': - return '\\u2028'; - case '\u2029': - return '\\u2029'; - default: - return e < ' ' - ? `\\u${e.charCodeAt(0).toString(16).padStart(4, '0')}` - : ''; - } - } - function h(e) { - let r = '', - t = 0, - n = e.length; - for (let o = 0; o < n; o += 1) { - let c = e[o], - s = Pe(c); - s && ((r += e.slice(t, o) + s), (t = o + 1)); - } - return `"${t === 0 ? e : r + e.slice(t)}"`; - } - function ue(e) { - return Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e).filter( - (r) => Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e, r).enumerable - ); - } - var Be = /^[a-zA-Z_$][a-zA-Z_$0-9]*$/; - function K(e) { - return Be.test(e) ? 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(-6).toString() - : r === 'bigint' - ? `["BigInt","${e}"]` - : String(e); - } - function Ae(e) { - return e.length === 4 && /^[a-z0-9]{4}$/.test(e); - } - var L = { DEVALUE_V1: 'devl', ENCRYPTED: 'encr' }; - var v = Symbol.for('workflow-serialize'), - q = Symbol.for('workflow-deserialize'); - var X = Symbol.for('workflow-class-registry'); - function He(e = globalThis) { - let r = e, - t = r[X]; - return t || ((t = new Map()), (r[X] = t)), t; - } - function J(e, r) { - return He(r).get(e); - } - function B() { - return { - Class: (e) => { - if (typeof e != 'function') return !1; - let r = e.classId; - return typeof r != 'string' ? !1 : { classId: r }; - }, - Instance: (e) => { - if (e === null || typeof e != 'object') return !1; - let r = e.constructor; - if (!r || typeof r != 'function') return !1; - let t = r[v]; - if (typeof t != 'function') return !1; - let n = r.classId; - if (typeof n != 'string') - throw new Error( - `Class "${r.name}" with ${String(v)} must have a static "classId" property.` - ); - let o = t.call(r, e); - return { classId: n, data: o }; - }, - }; - } - function W(e = globalThis) { - return { - Class: (r) => { - let t = r.classId, - n = J(t, e); - if (!n) - throw new Error( - `Class "${t}" not found. 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On load, the SDK reads this header to know how to + * decompress. This allows changing the algorithm in the future without + * breaking existing snapshots. + */ +const SNAPSHOT_CONTENT_ENCODING = 'gzip'; + +/** + * Create snapshot storage backed by the workflow-server API. + * + * Snapshot data is gzip-compressed by the SDK before sending and + * decompressed after receiving. The server stores the raw (compressed) + * bytes and tracks the encoding via S3 user metadata. + * + * Snapshot endpoints use raw binary transfer: + * - PUT /v2/runs/:runId/snapshot — binary body, metadata in headers + * - GET /v2/runs/:runId/snapshot — binary response, metadata in headers + * - DELETE /v2/runs/:runId/snapshot — no body + */ +export function createSnapshotsStorage( + config?: APIConfig +): Storage['snapshots'] { + return { + async save( + runId: string, + data: Uint8Array, + metadata: SnapshotMetadata + ): Promise { + const { baseUrl, headers } = await getHttpConfig(config); + const url = `${baseUrl}/v2/runs/${encodeURIComponent(runId)}/snapshot`; + + // Compress the snapshot data before sending + const compressed = gzipSync(data); + + headers.set('Content-Type', 'application/octet-stream'); + headers.set('X-Snapshot-Content-Encoding', SNAPSHOT_CONTENT_ENCODING); + headers.set('X-Snapshot-Events-Cursor', metadata.eventsCursor ?? ''); + headers.set('X-Snapshot-Created-At', metadata.createdAt.toISOString()); + + const response = await fetch(url, { + method: 'PUT', + body: compressed, + headers, + // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any -- undici dispatcher + dispatcher: getDispatcher(), + } as any); + + if (!response.ok) { + const text = await response.text().catch(() => ''); + throw new WorkflowAPIError( + `PUT /v2/runs/${runId}/snapshot -> HTTP ${response.status}: ${text}`, + { url, status: response.status } + ); + } + + // Consume the response body to release the connection + await response.text(); + }, + + async load( + runId: string + ): Promise<{ data: Uint8Array; metadata: SnapshotMetadata } | null> { + const { baseUrl, headers } = await getHttpConfig(config); + const url = `${baseUrl}/v2/runs/${encodeURIComponent(runId)}/snapshot`; + + headers.set('Accept', 'application/octet-stream'); + + const response = await fetch(url, { + method: 'GET', + headers, + // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any -- undici dispatcher + dispatcher: getDispatcher(), + } as any); + + if (response.status === 404) { + // Consume the response body to release the connection + await response.text().catch(() => {}); + return null; + } + + if (!response.ok) { + const text = await response.text().catch(() => ''); + throw new WorkflowAPIError( + `GET /v2/runs/${runId}/snapshot -> HTTP ${response.status}: ${text}`, + { url, status: response.status } + ); + } + + const buffer = await response.arrayBuffer(); + let data = new Uint8Array(buffer); + + // Decompress based on the encoding header from the server + const contentEncoding = + response.headers.get('X-Snapshot-Content-Encoding') || null; + if (contentEncoding === 'gzip') { + data = gunzipSync(data); + } + + const eventsCursor = + response.headers.get('X-Snapshot-Events-Cursor') || null; + const createdAtStr = response.headers.get('X-Snapshot-Created-At'); + const createdAt = createdAtStr ? new Date(createdAtStr) : new Date(); + + return { + data, + metadata: { + eventsCursor: eventsCursor || null, + createdAt, + }, + }; + }, + + async delete(runId: string): Promise { + const { baseUrl, headers } = await getHttpConfig(config); + const url = `${baseUrl}/v2/runs/${encodeURIComponent(runId)}/snapshot`; + + const response = await fetch(url, { + method: 'DELETE', + headers, + // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any -- undici dispatcher + dispatcher: getDispatcher(), + } as any); + + if (!response.ok) { + const text = await response.text().catch(() => ''); + throw new WorkflowAPIError( + `DELETE /v2/runs/${runId}/snapshot -> HTTP ${response.status}: ${text}`, + { url, status: response.status } + ); + } + + // Consume the response body to release the connection + await response.text(); + }, + }; +} diff --git a/packages/world-vercel/src/storage.ts b/packages/world-vercel/src/storage.ts index 531226d11d..72253181fb 100644 --- a/packages/world-vercel/src/storage.ts +++ b/packages/world-vercel/src/storage.ts @@ -7,29 +7,10 @@ import { import { getHook, getHookByToken, listHooks } from './hooks.js'; import { instrumentObject } from './instrumentObject.js'; import { getWorkflowRun, listWorkflowRuns } from './runs.js'; +import { createSnapshotsStorage } from './snapshots.js'; import { getStep, listWorkflowRunSteps } from './steps.js'; import type { APIConfig } from './utils.js'; -function createSnapshotsStorage(): Storage['snapshots'] { - return { - async save() { - throw new Error( - 'Snapshot storage is not yet implemented for world-vercel' - ); - }, - async load() { - throw new Error( - 'Snapshot storage is not yet implemented for world-vercel' - ); - }, - async delete() { - throw new Error( - 'Snapshot storage is not yet implemented for world-vercel' - ); - }, - }; -} - export function createStorage(config?: APIConfig): Storage { const storage: Storage = { // Storage interface with namespaced methods @@ -57,7 +38,7 @@ export function createStorage(config?: APIConfig): Storage { getByToken: (token) => getHookByToken(token, config), list: (params) => listHooks(params, config), }, - snapshots: createSnapshotsStorage(), + snapshots: createSnapshotsStorage(config), }; // Instrument all storage methods with tracing diff --git a/packages/world-vercel/src/utils.ts b/packages/world-vercel/src/utils.ts index ebcb5811b7..58fa3b3bd7 100644 --- a/packages/world-vercel/src/utils.ts +++ b/packages/world-vercel/src/utils.ts @@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ import { version } from './version.js'; * * Example: 'https://workflow-server-git-branch-name.vercel.sh' */ -const WORKFLOW_SERVER_URL_OVERRIDE = ''; +const WORKFLOW_SERVER_URL_OVERRIDE = + 'https://workflow-server-git-snapshot-api-endpoints.vercel.sh'; export interface APIConfig { token?: string; From f8f301a92953ffc468e857ff519aae45e6894b14 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 15 Mar 2026 23:46:51 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 048/124] =?UTF-8?q?fix:=20snapshot=20runtime=20bugs=20?= =?UTF-8?q?=E2=80=94=20stream=20names,=20error=20stacks,=20elapsed=20waits?= =?UTF-8?q?,=20debug=20logging?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit - Fix VM serde using wrong symbol names for WritableStream/ReadableStream (Symbol.for('STREAM_NAME') -> Symbol.for('WORKFLOW_STREAM_NAME')), causing streams to serialize as '__empty' instead of the correct name - Add WORKFLOW_GET_STREAM_ID implementation to VM bootstrap so getWritable() works inside the QuickJS VM - Include error stack traces in snapshot runtime failure logs - Fix elapsed waits from prior invocations not firing on snapshot restore — pending waits with hasCreatedEvent:true now get wait_completed events created and immediate re-queue - Add debug logging across the execution path (start, queue handler, snapshot entrypoint) for visibility with DEBUG=workflow:* --- packages/core/src/runtime.ts | 14 +++++- .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 50 ++++++++++++++++++- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 29 +++++++++++ packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts | 15 +++++- .../src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts | 4 +- .../src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts | 12 ++--- 6 files changed, 112 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime.ts index 182ea58b96..0143b4a21f 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime.ts @@ -134,6 +134,12 @@ export function workflowEntrypoint( ...Attribute.WorkflowTracePropagated(!!traceContext), }); + runtimeLogger.debug('Queue handler invoked', { + workflowRunId: runId, + workflowName, + queueName: metadata.queueName, + }); + let workflowStartedAt = -1; let workflowRun = await world.runs.get(runId); @@ -222,7 +228,7 @@ export function workflowEntrypoint( // --- Snapshot runtime (opt-in via WORKFLOW_RUNTIME=snapshot) --- if (USE_SNAPSHOT_RUNTIME) { - runtimeLogger.info('Using snapshot runtime', { + runtimeLogger.debug('Using snapshot runtime', { workflowRunId: runId, }); const snapshotResult = await runWorkflowWithSnapshots({ @@ -230,6 +236,12 @@ export function workflowEntrypoint( workflowName, workflowRun, }); + runtimeLogger.debug('Snapshot runtime returned', { + workflowRunId: runId, + hasTimeoutSeconds: + snapshotResult?.timeoutSeconds !== undefined, + timeoutSeconds: snapshotResult?.timeoutSeconds, + }); if (snapshotResult?.timeoutSeconds !== undefined) { return { timeoutSeconds: snapshotResult.timeoutSeconds, diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index 43f82c4468..91030ff0b6 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -126,6 +126,13 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { } // Run the snapshot runtime + runtimeLogger.debug('Snapshot runtime: invoking VM', { + workflowRunId: runId, + workflowId, + eventCount: events.length, + hasSnapshot: !!existingSnapshot, + }); + const result = await runSnapshotWorkflow({ workflowCode, workflowId, @@ -134,6 +141,14 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { existingSnapshot, }); + runtimeLogger.debug('Snapshot runtime: VM returned', { + workflowRunId: runId, + completed: !!result.completed, + suspended: !!result.suspended, + failed: !!result.failed, + pendingOpsCount: result.suspended?.pendingOperations?.length, + }); + if (result.completed) { // Workflow completed runtimeLogger.info('Snapshot runtime: workflow completed', { @@ -313,9 +328,33 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { if (WorkflowAPIError.is(err) && err.status === 409) continue; throw err; } + } + } + + // Handle pending waits — both newly created and pre-existing from the + // snapshot. For each wait, either create a wait_completed event (if + // elapsed) or schedule a timeout for re-queuing. + let needsRequeue = false; + for (const op of pendingOperations) { + if (op.type !== 'wait') continue; + const wait = op as PendingWait; + const resumeMs = new Date(wait.resumeAt).getTime() - Date.now(); - // Calculate timeout for re-queuing the workflow - const resumeMs = new Date(wait.resumeAt).getTime() - Date.now(); + if (resumeMs <= 0) { + // Wait has elapsed — create wait_completed and re-queue + try { + await world.events.create(runId, { + eventType: 'wait_completed', + specVersion: SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, + correlationId: wait.correlationId, + }); + needsRequeue = true; + } catch (err) { + if (WorkflowAPIError.is(err) && err.status === 409) continue; + throw err; + } + } else { + // Wait hasn't elapsed yet — schedule a timeout const timeoutSeconds = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(resumeMs / 1000)); if ( minTimeoutSeconds === undefined || @@ -326,6 +365,12 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { } } + if (needsRequeue) { + // An elapsed wait was completed — re-queue immediately so the + // snapshot runtime can process the wait_completed event. + return { timeoutSeconds: 0 }; + } + if (minTimeoutSeconds !== undefined) { return { timeoutSeconds: minTimeoutSeconds }; } @@ -342,6 +387,7 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { workflowRunId: runId, errorName: result.failed.name, errorMessage: result.failed.message, + errorStack, }); // Delete the snapshot diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 3e47918354..6829a47046 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -404,6 +404,34 @@ globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_CREATE_HOOK")] = function(options) { return hook; }; + +// WORKFLOW_GET_STREAM_ID — generates a stream ID for a workflow run. +// Replicates getWorkflowRunStreamId() from util.ts inside the QuickJS VM. +// Needs a base64url encoder since Buffer is not available in QuickJS. +(function() { + var BASE64_CHARS = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"; + function base64url(str) { + var bytes = new TextEncoder().encode(str); + var result = ""; + for (var i = 0; i < bytes.length; i += 3) { + var b0 = bytes[i], b1 = bytes[i+1] || 0, b2 = bytes[i+2] || 0; + result += BASE64_CHARS[b0 >> 2]; + result += BASE64_CHARS[((b0 & 3) << 4) | (b1 >> 4)]; + if (i + 1 < bytes.length) result += BASE64_CHARS[((b1 & 15) << 2) | (b2 >> 6)]; + if (i + 2 < bytes.length) result += BASE64_CHARS[b2 & 63]; + } + // base64url: replace + with -, / with _, strip padding + return result.replace(/\\+/g, "-").replace(/\\//g, "_"); + } + globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_GET_STREAM_ID")] = function(namespace) { + var runId = globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_CONTEXT")] + ? globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_CONTEXT")].workflowRunId + : ""; + var streamId = runId.replace("wrun_", "strm_") + "_user"; + if (!namespace) return streamId; + return streamId + "_" + base64url(namespace); + }; +})(); `; // ---- Runtime ---- @@ -866,6 +894,7 @@ function checkWorkflowState(vm: QuickJS): SnapshotRuntimeResult { runtimeLogger.error('Snapshot runtime: workflow failed in VM', { errorMessage: failed.message, errorName: failed.name, + errorStack: failed.stack, }); vm.dispose(); return { failed }; diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts index e8ba64908b..477a81440c 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts @@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import type { WorkflowInvokePayload, World } from '@workflow/world'; import { isLegacySpecVersion, SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT } from '@workflow/world'; import { monotonicFactory } from 'ulid'; import { importKey } from '../encryption.js'; +import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; import type { Serializable } from '../schemas.js'; import { dehydrateWorkflowArguments } from '../serialization.js'; import * as Attribute from '../telemetry/semantic-conventions.js'; @@ -202,8 +203,15 @@ export async function start( ...Attribute.DeploymentId(deploymentId), }); + const queueName = getWorkflowQueueName(workflowName); + runtimeLogger.debug('Queuing workflow execution', { + workflowRunId: runId, + queueName, + deploymentId, + }); + await world.queue( - getWorkflowQueueName(workflowName), + queueName, { runId, traceCarrier, @@ -213,6 +221,11 @@ export async function start( } ); + runtimeLogger.debug('Workflow execution queued', { + workflowRunId: runId, + queueName, + }); + return new Run(runId); }); }); diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts index 123d16f1cf..8b90315989 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts @@ -8,6 +8,6 @@ * * Size: 22.3 KB minified */ -export const VM_SERDE_BUNDLE: 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WS.prototype : {}); if (value && 'name' in value) { - stream[Symbol.for('STREAM_NAME')] = value.name; + stream[Symbol.for('WORKFLOW_STREAM_NAME')] = value.name; } return stream; }, From ae0593e72e852a95a86b06d4e1601aa11b254099 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2026 09:32:54 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 049/124] feat: per-run snapshot runtime selection and vercel e2e tests MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Propagate WORKFLOW_RUNTIME into executionContext.workflowRuntime at start() so the server can select the snapshot runtime on a per-run basis. This allows the same Vercel deployment to serve both replay and snapshot runtime runs — the test runner opts in by setting the env var, and the queue handler reads it from the run entity. Add e2e-snapshot-runtime-vercel CI job that runs the full e2e suite against the nextjs-turbopack Vercel deployment with the snapshot runtime (non-blocking, like the local snapshot job). --- .github/workflows/tests.yml | 73 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-- packages/core/src/runtime.ts | 13 +++++- packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts | 8 +++- 3 files changed, 88 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests.yml b/.github/workflows/tests.yml index fe4536594c..c5d427bfa6 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/tests.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/tests.yml @@ -460,6 +460,70 @@ jobs: retention-days: 7 if-no-files-found: ignore + e2e-snapshot-runtime-vercel: + name: E2E Snapshot Runtime Vercel (nextjs-turbopack) + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + timeout-minutes: 30 + if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'workflow-server-test') }} + + env: + TURBO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TURBO_TOKEN }} + TURBO_TEAM: ${{ vars.TURBO_TEAM }} + WORKFLOW_PUBLIC_MANIFEST: '1' + + steps: + - name: Checkout Repo + uses: actions/checkout@v4 + with: + ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }} + + - name: Setup environment + uses: ./.github/actions/setup-workflow-dev + with: + build-packages: 'false' + + - name: Build CLI + run: pnpm turbo run build --filter='@workflow/cli' + + - name: Waiting for the Vercel deployment + id: waitForDeployment + uses: ./.github/actions/wait-for-vercel-project + with: + team-id: "team_nO2mCG4W8IxPIeKoSsqwAxxB" + project-id: "prj_yjkM7UdHliv8bfxZ1sMJQf1pMpdi" + vercel-token: ${{ secrets.VERCEL_LABS_TOKEN }} + timeout: 1000 + check-interval: 15 + environment: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && 'production' || 'preview' }} + + - name: Run E2E Tests (Snapshot Runtime + Vercel) + run: pnpm run test:e2e --reporter=default --reporter=json --outputFile=e2e-snapshot-runtime-vercel.json + env: + NODE_OPTIONS: "--enable-source-maps" + DEPLOYMENT_URL: ${{ steps.waitForDeployment.outputs.deployment-url }} + VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_ID: ${{ steps.waitForDeployment.outputs.deployment-id }} + APP_NAME: nextjs-turbopack + WORKFLOW_RUNTIME: snapshot + WORKFLOW_VERCEL_ENV: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && 'production' || 'preview' }} + WORKFLOW_VERCEL_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.VERCEL_LABS_TOKEN }} + WORKFLOW_VERCEL_TEAM: "team_nO2mCG4W8IxPIeKoSsqwAxxB" + WORKFLOW_VERCEL_PROJECT: "prj_yjkM7UdHliv8bfxZ1sMJQf1pMpdi" + WORKFLOW_VERCEL_PROJECT_SLUG: "example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack" + VERCEL_AUTOMATION_BYPASS_SECRET: ${{ secrets.VERCEL_AUTOMATION_BYPASS_SECRET }} + + - name: Generate E2E summary + if: always() + run: node .github/scripts/aggregate-e2e-results.js . --job-name "E2E Snapshot Runtime Vercel (nextjs-turbopack)" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY || true + + - name: Upload E2E results + if: always() + uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4 + with: + name: e2e-results-snapshot-runtime-vercel + path: e2e-snapshot-runtime-vercel.json + retention-days: 7 + if-no-files-found: ignore + e2e-local-prod: name: E2E Local Prod Tests (${{ matrix.app.name }} - ${{ matrix.app.canary && 'canary' || 'stable' }}) runs-on: ubuntu-latest @@ -766,7 +830,7 @@ jobs: summary: name: E2E Summary runs-on: ubuntu-latest - needs: [e2e-vercel-prod, e2e-local-dev, e2e-local-prod, e2e-local-postgres, e2e-windows, e2e-community, e2e-snapshot-runtime] + needs: [e2e-vercel-prod, e2e-local-dev, e2e-local-prod, e2e-local-postgres, e2e-windows, e2e-community, e2e-snapshot-runtime, e2e-snapshot-runtime-vercel] if: always() && !cancelled() timeout-minutes: 10 @@ -800,6 +864,7 @@ jobs: WINDOWS_STATUS="${{ needs.e2e-windows.result }}" COMMUNITY_STATUS="${{ needs.e2e-community.result }}" SNAPSHOT_STATUS="${{ needs.e2e-snapshot-runtime.result }}" + SNAPSHOT_VERCEL_STATUS="${{ needs.e2e-snapshot-runtime-vercel.result }}" echo "vercel=$VERCEL_STATUS" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT echo "local-dev=$LOCAL_DEV_STATUS" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT @@ -808,6 +873,7 @@ jobs: echo "windows=$WINDOWS_STATUS" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT echo "community=$COMMUNITY_STATUS" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT echo "snapshot=$SNAPSHOT_STATUS" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT + echo "snapshot-vercel=$SNAPSHOT_VERCEL_STATUS" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT # Community world and snapshot runtime failures are warnings, not errors if [[ "$VERCEL_STATUS" == "failure" || "$LOCAL_DEV_STATUS" == "failure" || "$LOCAL_PROD_STATUS" == "failure" || "$POSTGRES_STATUS" == "failure" || "$WINDOWS_STATUS" == "failure" ]]; then @@ -862,7 +928,7 @@ jobs: Check the [workflow run](${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}) for details. - name: Append snapshot runtime status to PR comment - if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && needs.e2e-snapshot-runtime.result != 'skipped' + if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && (needs.e2e-snapshot-runtime.result != 'skipped' || needs.e2e-snapshot-runtime-vercel.result != 'skipped') uses: marocchino/sticky-pull-request-comment@v2 with: header: e2e-test-results @@ -870,7 +936,8 @@ jobs: message: | --- - ${{ needs.e2e-snapshot-runtime.result == 'success' && '✅' || '⚠️' }} **Snapshot runtime tests** (non-blocking): ${{ needs.e2e-snapshot-runtime.result }} + ${{ needs.e2e-snapshot-runtime.result == 'success' && '✅' || '⚠️' }} **Snapshot runtime tests (local)** (non-blocking): ${{ needs.e2e-snapshot-runtime.result }} + ${{ needs.e2e-snapshot-runtime-vercel.result == 'success' && '✅' || '⚠️' }} **Snapshot runtime tests (vercel)** (non-blocking): ${{ needs.e2e-snapshot-runtime-vercel.result }} # Final required check: passes only when unit + all E2E jobs succeed e2e-required-check: diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime.ts index 0143b4a21f..472181dfbc 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime.ts @@ -31,7 +31,16 @@ import { getErrorName, getErrorStack, normalizeUnknownError } from './types.js'; import { buildWorkflowSuspensionMessage } from './util.js'; import { runWorkflow } from './workflow.js'; -const USE_SNAPSHOT_RUNTIME = process.env.WORKFLOW_RUNTIME === 'snapshot'; +/** + * Whether to use the snapshot-based workflow runtime for a given run. + * The runtime can be selected globally via WORKFLOW_RUNTIME=snapshot env var, + * or per-run via executionContext.workflowRuntime (set by the SDK at start()). + * The per-run setting allows the same deployment to serve both runtimes. + */ +function useSnapshotRuntime(workflowRun: WorkflowRun): boolean { + if (process.env.WORKFLOW_RUNTIME === 'snapshot') return true; + return workflowRun.executionContext?.workflowRuntime === 'snapshot'; +} export type { Event, WorkflowRun }; export { WorkflowSuspension } from './global.js'; @@ -227,7 +236,7 @@ export function workflowEntrypoint( } // --- Snapshot runtime (opt-in via WORKFLOW_RUNTIME=snapshot) --- - if (USE_SNAPSHOT_RUNTIME) { + if (useSnapshotRuntime(workflowRun)) { runtimeLogger.debug('Using snapshot runtime', { workflowRunId: runId, }); diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts index 477a81440c..4077073c2a 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts @@ -168,7 +168,13 @@ export async function start( deploymentId: deploymentId, workflowName: workflowName, input: workflowArguments, - executionContext: { traceCarrier, workflowCoreVersion }, + executionContext: { + traceCarrier, + workflowCoreVersion, + ...(process.env.WORKFLOW_RUNTIME + ? { workflowRuntime: process.env.WORKFLOW_RUNTIME } + : {}), + }, }, }, { v1Compat } From 110b0f81d02804968f65049aeb854ca9bf2c04c1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2026 10:25:43 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 050/124] Update quickjs-wasi to v1.3.0 --- packages/core/package.json | 2 +- pnpm-lock.yaml | 10 +++++----- 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/package.json b/packages/core/package.json index 2addd8c006..7eafb7d679 100644 --- a/packages/core/package.json +++ b/packages/core/package.json @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ "devalue": "5.6.3", "ms": "2.1.3", "nanoid": "5.1.6", - "quickjs-wasi": "0.2.0", + "quickjs-wasi": "1.3.0", "seedrandom": "3.0.5", "ulid": "catalog:", "zod": "catalog:" diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml index 68dd20d1eb..d490fcd252 100644 --- a/pnpm-lock.yaml +++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml @@ -583,8 +583,8 @@ importers: specifier: 5.1.6 version: 5.1.6 quickjs-wasi: - specifier: 0.2.0 - version: 0.2.0 + specifier: 1.3.0 + version: 1.3.0 seedrandom: specifier: 3.0.5 version: 3.0.5 @@ -13558,8 +13558,8 @@ packages: resolution: {integrity: sha512-WuyALRjWPDGtt/wzJiadO5AXY+8hZ80hVpe6MyivgraREW751X3SbhRvG3eLKOYN+8VEvqLcf3wdnt44Z4S4SA==} engines: {node: '>=10'} - quickjs-wasi@0.2.0: - resolution: {integrity: sha512-Qb1sI+8+NjuHU/GXNBv4AQ/LkNG1/LJDLL6JTUsrDec3oP7Q3qbb5zaTPZTcmXOWdgA0VDD0dV/ef/SweK2jgA==} + quickjs-wasi@1.3.0: + resolution: {integrity: sha512-gkkgMGYZyADVvV55q39ryQirfbGj3Sa14Ru1VXLk9WQ/MYQ2y2SztMX7s/qqdV2HrrlYUcGgojmqKfHdKi8vqA==} quote-unquote@1.0.0: resolution: {integrity: sha512-twwRO/ilhlG/FIgYeKGFqyHhoEhqgnKVkcmqMKi2r524gz3ZbDTcyFt38E9xjJI2vT+KbRNHVbnJ/e0I25Azwg==} @@ -30287,7 +30287,7 @@ snapshots: quick-lru@5.1.1: {} - quickjs-wasi@0.2.0: {} + quickjs-wasi@1.3.0: {} quote-unquote@1.0.0: {} From 2edfb118310fcc2cb922ae2d78a488c45bf08e89 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2026 10:34:28 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 051/124] fix: update snapshot runtime for quickjs-wasi v1.3.0 API changes MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit - evalCode() now throws JSException directly instead of returning a result union — remove all unwrapResult() calls - Replace isException checks with try/catch using JSException - Update extractError() to extract error details from JSException.handle - Update raw QuickJS proof-of-concept test for new API --- .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts | 22 +- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 228 ++++++++---------- 2 files changed, 104 insertions(+), 146 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts index f11709770e..4ebe01f6bd 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts @@ -271,8 +271,7 @@ describe('raw QuickJS proof of concept', () => { it('should run, snapshot, restore, and complete', async () => { const vm = await QuickJS.create(); - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode(` + vm.evalCode(` globalThis.__private_workflows = new Map(); globalThis.__resolvers = {}; globalThis.__pending = []; @@ -294,34 +293,23 @@ describe('raw QuickJS proof of concept', () => { async function simple(i) { var a = await add(i, 7); var b = await add(a, 8); return b; } globalThis.__private_workflows.set("test", simple); globalThis.__private_workflows.get("test")(10).then(function(r) { globalThis.__workflowResult = r; }); - `) - ).dispose(); + `).dispose(); vm.executePendingJobs(); const snap1 = vm.snapshot(); vm.dispose(); const vm2 = await QuickJS.restore(snap1); - vm2 - .unwrapResult( - vm2.evalCode('globalThis.__resolvers["step_0"].resolve(17);') - ) - .dispose(); + vm2.evalCode('globalThis.__resolvers["step_0"].resolve(17);').dispose(); vm2.executePendingJobs(); const snap2 = vm2.snapshot(); vm2.dispose(); const vm3 = await QuickJS.restore(snap2); - vm3 - .unwrapResult( - vm3.evalCode('globalThis.__resolvers["step_1"].resolve(25);') - ) - .dispose(); + vm3.evalCode('globalThis.__resolvers["step_1"].resolve(25);').dispose(); vm3.executePendingJobs(); - expect( - vm3.dump(vm3.unwrapResult(vm3.evalCode('globalThis.__workflowResult'))) - ).toBe(25); + expect(vm3.dump(vm3.evalCode('globalThis.__workflowResult'))).toBe(25); vm3.dispose(); }); }); diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 6829a47046..e44496b2f1 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ */ import type { Event, SnapshotMetadata, WorkflowRun } from '@workflow/world'; -import { QuickJS } from 'quickjs-wasi'; +import { JSException, QuickJS } from 'quickjs-wasi'; import seedrandom from 'seedrandom'; import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; import { VM_SERDE_BUNDLE } from './vm-serde-bundle.generated.js'; @@ -494,19 +494,19 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( } // Evaluate the VM serde bundle - vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode(VM_SERDE_BUNDLE, 'vm-serde.js')).dispose(); + vm.evalCode(VM_SERDE_BUNDLE, 'vm-serde.js').dispose(); // Bootstrap workflow primitives - vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode(VM_BOOTSTRAP, 'bootstrap.js')).dispose(); + vm.evalCode(VM_BOOTSTRAP, 'bootstrap.js').dispose(); // Execute the workflow bundle — use the workflowId as the eval filename // so QuickJS stack traces reference the workflow name, enabling source map // remapping by remapErrorStack (which matches frames by filename). - const evalResult = vm.evalCode(workflowCode, workflowId || 'workflow.js'); - if (evalResult.isException) { - return extractError(vm, evalResult, 'Workflow evaluation failed'); + try { + vm.evalCode(workflowCode, workflowId || 'workflow.js').dispose(); + } catch (err) { + return extractError(vm, err, 'Workflow evaluation failed'); } - evalResult.dispose(); // Extract workflow arguments from the run_created event const runCreatedEvent = events.find((e) => e.eventType === 'run_created'); @@ -534,38 +534,36 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( ? `https://${process.env.VERCEL_URL}` : `http://localhost:${process.env.PORT ?? 3000}`, }; - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode( - `globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_CONTEXT")] = ${JSON.stringify(metadata)};` + - `globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_CONTEXT")].workflowStartedAt = new Date(${JSON.stringify(metadata.workflowStartedAt.toISOString())});` - ) + vm.evalCode( + `globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_CONTEXT")] = ${JSON.stringify(metadata)};` + + `globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_CONTEXT")].workflowStartedAt = new Date(${JSON.stringify(metadata.workflowStartedAt.toISOString())});` ).dispose(); } // Start the workflow function - const startResult = vm.evalCode(` - var __wfn = globalThis.__private_workflows.get(${JSON.stringify(workflowId)}); - if (!__wfn) throw new Error("Workflow not found: " + ${JSON.stringify(workflowId)}); - var __args = globalThis.__wdk_input - ? globalThis.__wdk_deserialize(globalThis.__wdk_input) - : []; - delete globalThis.__wdk_input; - if (!Array.isArray(__args)) __args = [__args]; - __wfn.apply(null, __args).then( - function(result) { globalThis.__workflowResult = globalThis.__wdk_serialize(result); }, - function(error) { - globalThis.__workflowError = { - message: error.message || String(error), - stack: error.stack || "", - name: error.name || "Error" - }; - } - ); - `); - if (startResult.isException) { - return extractError(vm, startResult, 'Failed to start workflow'); + try { + vm.evalCode(` + var __wfn = globalThis.__private_workflows.get(${JSON.stringify(workflowId)}); + if (!__wfn) throw new Error("Workflow not found: " + ${JSON.stringify(workflowId)}); + var __args = globalThis.__wdk_input + ? globalThis.__wdk_deserialize(globalThis.__wdk_input) + : []; + delete globalThis.__wdk_input; + if (!Array.isArray(__args)) __args = [__args]; + __wfn.apply(null, __args).then( + function(result) { globalThis.__workflowResult = globalThis.__wdk_serialize(result); }, + function(error) { + globalThis.__workflowError = { + message: error.message || String(error), + stack: error.stack || "", + name: error.name || "Error" + }; + } + ); + `).dispose(); + } catch (err) { + return extractError(vm, err, 'Failed to start workflow'); } - startResult.dispose(); // Process events and drain jobs in a loop (same as restore path) { @@ -604,9 +602,7 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): boolean { switch (event.eventType) { case 'step_completed': { const hasResolver = vm.dump( - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode(`!!globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]`) - ) + vm.evalCode(`!!globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]`) ); const rawOutput = eventData?.result ?? eventData?.output; if (hasResolver) { @@ -614,21 +610,17 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): boolean { const bytesHandle = vm.newUint8Array(rawOutput); vm.setProp(vm.global, '__tmp_result', bytesHandle); bytesHandle.dispose(); - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode( - `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve(globalThis.__wdk_deserialize(globalThis.__tmp_result));` + - `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];` + - `delete globalThis.__tmp_result;` - ) + vm.evalCode( + `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve(globalThis.__wdk_deserialize(globalThis.__tmp_result));` + + `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];` + + `delete globalThis.__tmp_result;` ).dispose(); } else { const serialized = rawOutput !== undefined ? JSON.stringify(rawOutput) : 'undefined'; - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode( - `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve(${serialized});` + - `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];` - ) + vm.evalCode( + `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve(${serialized});` + + `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];` ).dispose(); } // Drain ALL microtasks after resolve @@ -645,9 +637,7 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): boolean { } case 'step_failed': { const hasResolver = vm.dump( - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode(`!!globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]`) - ) + vm.evalCode(`!!globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]`) ); if (hasResolver) { const errorData = eventData?.error; @@ -670,12 +660,10 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): boolean { const stackAssignment = errorStack ? `e.stack=${JSON.stringify(errorStack)};` : ''; - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode( - `(function(){var e=new Error(${JSON.stringify(msg)});e.name="FatalError";e.fatal=true;${stackAssignment}` + - `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].reject(e);` + - `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];})()` - ) + vm.evalCode( + `(function(){var e=new Error(${JSON.stringify(msg)});e.name="FatalError";e.fatal=true;${stackAssignment}` + + `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].reject(e);` + + `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];})()` ).dispose(); { resolved = true; @@ -690,16 +678,12 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): boolean { } case 'wait_completed': { const hasResolver = vm.dump( - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode(`!!globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]`) - ) + vm.evalCode(`!!globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]`) ); if (hasResolver) { - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode( - `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve();` + - `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];` - ) + vm.evalCode( + `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve();` + + `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];` ).dispose(); { resolved = true; @@ -719,10 +703,8 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): boolean { // outer loop re-scans events. const alreadyProcessed = event.eventId ? vm.dump( - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode( - `!!(globalThis.__hookPayloadBuffer.__processedEventIds && globalThis.__hookPayloadBuffer.__processedEventIds[${JSON.stringify(event.eventId)}])` - ) + vm.evalCode( + `!!(globalThis.__hookPayloadBuffer.__processedEventIds && globalThis.__hookPayloadBuffer.__processedEventIds[${JSON.stringify(event.eventId)}])` ) ) : false; @@ -731,9 +713,7 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): boolean { break; } const hasResolver = vm.dump( - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode(`!!globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]`) - ) + vm.evalCode(`!!globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]`) ); const rawPayload = eventData?.payload ?? eventData?.result; if (hasResolver) { @@ -741,32 +721,26 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): boolean { const bytesHandle = vm.newUint8Array(rawPayload); vm.setProp(vm.global, '__tmp_result', bytesHandle); bytesHandle.dispose(); - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode( - `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve(globalThis.__wdk_deserialize(globalThis.__tmp_result));` + - `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];` + - `delete globalThis.__tmp_result;` - ) + vm.evalCode( + `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve(globalThis.__wdk_deserialize(globalThis.__tmp_result));` + + `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];` + + `delete globalThis.__tmp_result;` ).dispose(); } else { const serialized = rawPayload !== undefined ? JSON.stringify(rawPayload) : 'undefined'; - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode( - `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve(${serialized});` + - `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];` - ) + vm.evalCode( + `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve(${serialized});` + + `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];` ).dispose(); } // Mark this event as processed in the VM heap to prevent // double-delivery on re-scan or snapshot restore. if (event.eventId) { - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode( - `(globalThis.__hookPayloadBuffer.__processedEventIds = globalThis.__hookPayloadBuffer.__processedEventIds || {})[${JSON.stringify(event.eventId)}] = true;` - ) + vm.evalCode( + `(globalThis.__hookPayloadBuffer.__processedEventIds = globalThis.__hookPayloadBuffer.__processedEventIds || {})[${JSON.stringify(event.eventId)}] = true;` ).dispose(); } { @@ -794,21 +768,19 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): boolean { const bytesHandle = vm.newUint8Array(rawPayload); vm.setProp(vm.global, '__tmp_result', bytesHandle); bytesHandle.dispose(); - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode( - bufferAndTrack.replace( - '%PAYLOAD%', - 'globalThis.__wdk_deserialize(globalThis.__tmp_result)' - ) + 'delete globalThis.__tmp_result;' - ) + vm.evalCode( + bufferAndTrack.replace( + '%PAYLOAD%', + 'globalThis.__wdk_deserialize(globalThis.__tmp_result)' + ) + 'delete globalThis.__tmp_result;' ).dispose(); } else { const serialized = rawPayload !== undefined ? JSON.stringify(rawPayload) : 'undefined'; - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode(bufferAndTrack.replace('%PAYLOAD%', serialized)) + vm.evalCode( + bufferAndTrack.replace('%PAYLOAD%', serialized) ).dispose(); } } @@ -817,17 +789,13 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): boolean { } case 'hook_conflict': { const hasResolver = vm.dump( - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode(`!!globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]`) - ) + vm.evalCode(`!!globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]`) ); if (hasResolver) { const conflictToken = (eventData?.token as string) ?? 'unknown'; - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode( - `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].reject(new Error(${JSON.stringify(`Hook token "${conflictToken}" is already in use by another workflow`)}));` + - `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];` - ) + vm.evalCode( + `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].reject(new Error(${JSON.stringify(`Hook token "${conflictToken}" is already in use by another workflow`)}));` + + `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];` ).dispose(); { resolved = true; @@ -855,11 +823,9 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): boolean { } function markCreated(vm: QuickJS, escapedCid: string): void { - vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode( - `var __p=globalThis.__pending.find(function(p){return p.correlationId==="${escapedCid}";});` + - `if(__p)__p.hasCreatedEvent=true;` - ) + vm.evalCode( + `var __p=globalThis.__pending.find(function(p){return p.correlationId==="${escapedCid}";});` + + `if(__p)__p.hasCreatedEvent=true;` ).dispose(); } @@ -868,7 +834,7 @@ function markCreated(vm: QuickJS, escapedCid: string): void { function checkWorkflowState(vm: QuickJS): SnapshotRuntimeResult { // Check completed — __workflowResult is a format-prefixed Uint8Array { - using h = vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode('globalThis.__workflowResult')); + using h = vm.evalCode('globalThis.__workflowResult'); if (!h.isUndefined) { const resultBytes = h.toUint8Array(); vm.dispose(); @@ -878,7 +844,7 @@ function checkWorkflowState(vm: QuickJS): SnapshotRuntimeResult { // Check failed { - using h = vm.unwrapResult(vm.evalCode('globalThis.__workflowError')); + using h = vm.evalCode('globalThis.__workflowError'); if (!h.isUndefined) { const errorObj = vm.dump(h) as | { message: string; stack?: string; name?: string } @@ -905,16 +871,12 @@ function checkWorkflowState(vm: QuickJS): SnapshotRuntimeResult { // OR pending operations that haven't been created yet (e.g. hooks created // upfront but not yet awaited) { - using h = vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode( - 'Object.keys(globalThis.__resolvers).length > 0 || globalThis.__pending.some(function(p){return!p.hasCreatedEvent;})' - ) + using h = vm.evalCode( + 'Object.keys(globalThis.__resolvers).length > 0 || globalThis.__pending.some(function(p){return!p.hasCreatedEvent;})' ); if (vm.dump(h)) { - using pendingH = vm.unwrapResult( - vm.evalCode( - `globalThis.__pending.filter(function(p){return!!globalThis.__resolvers[p.correlationId] || !p.hasCreatedEvent;})` - ) + using pendingH = vm.evalCode( + `globalThis.__pending.filter(function(p){return!!globalThis.__resolvers[p.correlationId] || !p.hasCreatedEvent;})` ); const pendingOps = vm.dump(pendingH) as PendingOperation[]; @@ -939,20 +901,28 @@ function checkWorkflowState(vm: QuickJS): SnapshotRuntimeResult { function extractError( vm: QuickJS, - result: ReturnType, + err: unknown, fallbackMessage: string ): SnapshotRuntimeResult { - const exc = vm.getException(); - const error = vm.dump(exc) as Error | null; - exc.dispose(); - result.dispose(); + let message = fallbackMessage; + let stack: string | undefined; + let name: string | undefined; + + if (err instanceof JSException) { + const error = vm.dump(err.handle) as Record | null; + err.handle.dispose(); + message = (error?.message as string) ?? err.message ?? fallbackMessage; + stack = (error?.stack as string) ?? err.stack; + name = (error?.name as string) ?? err.name; + } else if (err instanceof Error) { + message = err.message ?? fallbackMessage; + stack = err.stack; + name = err.name; + } + vm.dispose(); return { - failed: { - message: error?.message ?? fallbackMessage, - stack: error?.stack, - name: error?.name, - }, + failed: { message, stack, name }, }; } From 44338f33129db3127acdee2a769194b954835ebc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2026 10:43:47 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 052/124] fix: decrypt encrypted payloads before passing to snapshot VM The QuickJS VM only understands the 'devl' serialization format. When encryption is enabled (Vercel deployments), event payloads have the 'encr' prefix. Resolve the encryption key in the snapshot entrypoint and decrypt run inputs and step results on the host side before passing them into the VM. --- .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 6 ++++ packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 30 +++++++++++++++---- 2 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index 91030ff0b6..307bbf0570 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import { SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, type WorkflowRun, } from '@workflow/world'; +import { importKey } from '../encryption.js'; import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; import { remapErrorStack } from '../source-map.js'; import { queueMessage } from './helpers.js'; @@ -125,6 +126,10 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { } } + // Resolve the encryption key for this run's deployment + const rawKey = await world.getEncryptionKeyForRun?.(workflowRun); + const encryptionKey = rawKey ? await importKey(rawKey) : undefined; + // Run the snapshot runtime runtimeLogger.debug('Snapshot runtime: invoking VM', { workflowRunId: runId, @@ -139,6 +144,7 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { workflowRun, events, existingSnapshot, + encryptionKey, }); runtimeLogger.debug('Snapshot runtime: VM returned', { diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index e44496b2f1..b849595440 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ import type { Event, SnapshotMetadata, WorkflowRun } from '@workflow/world'; import { JSException, QuickJS } from 'quickjs-wasi'; import seedrandom from 'seedrandom'; +import type { CryptoKey } from '../encryption.js'; import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; +import { decrypt as decryptData } from '../serialization/encryption.js'; import { VM_SERDE_BUNDLE } from './vm-serde-bundle.generated.js'; // ---- Types ---- @@ -91,6 +93,8 @@ export interface SnapshotRuntimeOptions { data: Uint8Array; metadata: SnapshotMetadata; } | null; + /** Encryption key for decrypting event payloads (undefined if unencrypted) */ + encryptionKey?: CryptoKey; /** The WASM module bytes for quickjs-wasi (optional, auto-loaded if omitted) */ wasm?: ArrayBuffer | Uint8Array; } @@ -470,7 +474,7 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( let maxIterations = 100; let madeProgress: boolean; do { - madeProgress = processEvents(vm, events); + madeProgress = await processEvents(vm, events, options.encryptionKey); let batch: number; do { batch = vm.executePendingJobs(); @@ -515,9 +519,14 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( ? (runCreatedEvent.eventData as Record)?.input : undefined; - // Pass the serialized input into the VM for deserialization + // Pass the serialized input into the VM for deserialization. + // Decrypt first if encrypted — the VM only understands 'devl' format. if (runInput instanceof Uint8Array) { - const inputHandle = vm.newUint8Array(runInput); + const decryptedInput = (await decryptData( + runInput, + options.encryptionKey + )) as Uint8Array; + const inputHandle = vm.newUint8Array(decryptedInput); vm.setProp(vm.global, '__wdk_input', inputHandle); inputHandle.dispose(); } @@ -570,7 +579,7 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( let maxIterations = 100; let madeProgress: boolean; do { - madeProgress = processEvents(vm, events); + madeProgress = await processEvents(vm, events, options.encryptionKey); let batch: number; do { batch = vm.executePendingJobs(); @@ -586,7 +595,11 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( // ---- Event Processing ---- -function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): boolean { +async function processEvents( + vm: QuickJS, + events: Event[], + encryptionKey?: CryptoKey +): Promise { let resolved = false; for (const event of events) { const cid = event.correlationId; @@ -607,7 +620,12 @@ function processEvents(vm: QuickJS, events: Event[]): boolean { const rawOutput = eventData?.result ?? eventData?.output; if (hasResolver) { if (rawOutput instanceof Uint8Array) { - const bytesHandle = vm.newUint8Array(rawOutput); + // Decrypt if encrypted — the VM only understands 'devl' format + const decryptedOutput = (await decryptData( + rawOutput, + encryptionKey + )) as Uint8Array; + const bytesHandle = vm.newUint8Array(decryptedOutput); vm.setProp(vm.global, '__tmp_result', bytesHandle); bytesHandle.dispose(); vm.evalCode( From c7779ba3cbbb186fe506ff000a145b3f171f14d4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2026 13:02:13 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 053/124] fix: use nanoid for webhook tokens and fix host callback IDs on restore - Use the real nanoid package (via host function) for webhook tokens instead of 'tok_' + ULID, matching the event-replay runtime - Fix host callback ID mismatch on snapshot restore: quickjs-wasi starts nextCallbackId at 1 (not 0), so Math.random is ID 1 and __generateNanoid is ID 2. Previously registered as 0 and 1, causing Math.random to invoke nanoid and nanoid to return undefined. - Re-register host callbacks (Math.random, __generateNanoid) after QuickJS.restore() so they survive snapshot/restore - Add error stack trace logging to world-local queue handler - Add debug logging for hook_created event creation --- .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 15 ++++++++ packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 36 +++++++++++++++++-- packages/world-local/src/queue.ts | 4 +++ 3 files changed, 53 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index 307bbf0570..0fec7e25ad 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -210,6 +210,14 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { }); // Save the snapshot + runtimeLogger.debug('Snapshot runtime: saving snapshot', { + workflowRunId: runId, + snapshotType: typeof snapshot, + snapshotIsUint8Array: snapshot instanceof Uint8Array, + snapshotLength: snapshot?.length, + snapshotByteLength: snapshot?.byteLength, + eventsCursor: lastEventsCursor, + }); await world.snapshots.save(runId, snapshot, { eventsCursor: lastEventsCursor, createdAt: new Date(), @@ -261,6 +269,13 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { ); } else if (op.type === 'hook' && !op.hasCreatedEvent) { const hook = op as PendingHook; + runtimeLogger.debug('Snapshot runtime: creating hook_created event', { + workflowRunId: runId, + correlationId: hook.correlationId, + token: hook.token, + tokenType: typeof hook.token, + isWebhook: hook.isWebhook, + }); // Create hook_created event. // First check if our hook entity already exists (stale-snapshot race diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index b849595440..3c6a7e3a4e 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ */ import type { Event, SnapshotMetadata, WorkflowRun } from '@workflow/world'; +import * as nanoid from 'nanoid'; import { JSException, QuickJS } from 'quickjs-wasi'; import seedrandom from 'seedrandom'; import type { CryptoKey } from '../encryption.js'; @@ -327,7 +328,7 @@ if (typeof Request === "undefined") { // The promise is resolved when a hook_received event arrives. globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_CREATE_HOOK")] = function(options) { options = options || {}; - var token = options.token || ("tok_" + globalThis.__generateUlid()); + var token = options.token || globalThis.__generateNanoid(); var correlationId = "hook_" + globalThis.__generateUlid(); var isDisposed = false; var hasCreatedEvent = false; @@ -453,6 +454,12 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( let vm: QuickJS; + // Seeded nanoid generator — uses the same nanoid package and seeded PRNG + // as the event-replay runtime for consistent token generation. + const generateNanoid = nanoid.customRandom(nanoid.urlAlphabet, 21, (size) => + new Uint8Array(size).map(() => 256 * rng()) + ); + if (existingSnapshot) { // ---- RESTORE from snapshot ---- const snapshot = QuickJS.deserializeSnapshot(existingSnapshot.data); @@ -463,6 +470,17 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( interruptHandler: createInterruptHandler(), }); + // Re-register host callbacks after restore. Host functions (Math.random, + // __generateNanoid) are backed by callback IDs stored in the WASM heap. + // After restore, the callback registry is empty — we must re-register + // each callback with the same ID it had during the original creation. + // IDs are assigned sequentially by newFunction() starting from + // vm.nextCallbackId (which is 1 in quickjs-wasi). We must use the same + // base + offset as the first-run registration order. + const baseId = 1; // quickjs-wasi starts nextCallbackId at 1 + vm.registerHostCallback(baseId, () => vm.newNumber(rng())); + vm.registerHostCallback(baseId + 1, () => vm.newString(generateNanoid())); + // Note: __wdk_serialize/__wdk_deserialize are JS functions in the VM // (set by the serde bundle), so they survive snapshot/restore as part // of the QuickJS heap. No re-registration needed. @@ -490,13 +508,21 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( interruptHandler: createInterruptHandler(), }); - // Seeded Math.random + // Seeded Math.random — host callback ID = baseId { using randomFn = vm.newFunction('random', () => vm.newNumber(rng())); using math = vm.global.getProp('Math'); math.setProp('random', randomFn); } + // Seeded nanoid generator — host callback ID = baseId + 1 + { + using nanoidFn = vm.newFunction('__generateNanoid', () => + vm.newString(generateNanoid()) + ); + vm.setProp(vm.global, '__generateNanoid', nanoidFn); + } + // Evaluate the VM serde bundle vm.evalCode(VM_SERDE_BUNDLE, 'vm-serde.js').dispose(); @@ -902,6 +928,12 @@ function checkWorkflowState(vm: QuickJS): SnapshotRuntimeResult { const serialized = QuickJS.serializeSnapshot(snapshot); vm.dispose(); + runtimeLogger.debug('Snapshot runtime: serialized snapshot', { + type: typeof serialized, + byteLength: serialized?.byteLength, + length: serialized?.length, + }); + return { suspended: { pendingOperations: pendingOps, diff --git a/packages/world-local/src/queue.ts b/packages/world-local/src/queue.ts index 4f5584ff5f..6c6132848c 100644 --- a/packages/world-local/src/queue.ts +++ b/packages/world-local/src/queue.ts @@ -329,6 +329,10 @@ export function createQueue(config: Partial): LocalQueue { return Response.json({ ok: true }); } catch (error) { + console.error( + '[local world] Queue handler error:', + error instanceof Error ? error.stack : String(error) + ); return Response.json(String(error), { status: 500 }); } }; From 00440ea0ac47daad04de3cae337f87d316fe8a75 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 01:00:41 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 054/124] feat: update quickjs-wasi to v2.0.0 and use native C extensions MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit - Update quickjs-wasi to v2.0.0 which uses string-based host callback names instead of numeric IDs for registerHostCallback() - Add native C extensions: encoding (TextEncoder/TextDecoder), base64 (btoa/atob), headers (Headers), url (URL/URLSearchParams), and structuredClone - Delete packages/core/src/polyfills/ entirely — TextEncoder, TextDecoder, and Headers polyfills replaced by native extensions - Remove polyfill injection from serde bundle build - Replace manual base64url implementation with native btoa() - Serde bundle size reduced from 22.3 KB to 18.0 KB --- packages/core/package.json | 2 +- .../core/scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js | 16 +- packages/core/src/polyfills/headers.ts | 129 --------------- .../core/src/polyfills/install-text-coding.ts | 19 --- packages/core/src/polyfills/text-decoder.ts | 148 ------------------ packages/core/src/polyfills/text-encoder.ts | 68 -------- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 88 +++++------ .../src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts | 6 +- .../core/src/serialization/vm-bundle-entry.ts | 17 +- pnpm-lock.yaml | 33 ++-- 10 files changed, 69 insertions(+), 457 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 packages/core/src/polyfills/headers.ts delete mode 100644 packages/core/src/polyfills/install-text-coding.ts delete mode 100644 packages/core/src/polyfills/text-decoder.ts delete mode 100644 packages/core/src/polyfills/text-encoder.ts diff --git a/packages/core/package.json b/packages/core/package.json index b7d7933905..4337d56734 100644 --- a/packages/core/package.json +++ b/packages/core/package.json @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ "devalue": "5.6.3", "ms": "2.1.3", "nanoid": "5.1.6", - "quickjs-wasi": "1.3.0", + "quickjs-wasi": "2.0.0", "seedrandom": "3.0.5", "ulid": "catalog:", "zod": "catalog:" diff --git a/packages/core/scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js b/packages/core/scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js index 4b5f6f44cd..f738853b9a 100644 --- a/packages/core/scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js +++ b/packages/core/scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js @@ -1,14 +1,12 @@ /** * Build script: generates the VM serialization bundle. * - * Uses esbuild to bundle workflow-vm.ts + TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills - * into a self-contained IIFE. The output is written as a TypeScript file - * containing the bundle as a string constant, which can be imported by - * the snapshot runtime. + * Uses esbuild to bundle workflow-vm.ts into a self-contained IIFE. + * The output is written as a TypeScript file containing the bundle as + * a string constant, which can be imported by the snapshot runtime. * - * The polyfills are injected via esbuild's `inject` option to ensure they - * run before any other code (including module-level TextEncoder/TextDecoder - * instantiation). + * TextEncoder, TextDecoder, and Headers are provided by native C + * extensions in quickjs-wasi, so no JS polyfills are needed. */ import { buildSync } from 'esbuild'; @@ -21,7 +19,9 @@ const srcDir = resolve(__dirname, '../src'); const result = buildSync({ entryPoints: [resolve(srcDir, 'serialization/vm-bundle-entry.ts')], - inject: [resolve(srcDir, 'polyfills/install-text-coding.ts')], + // NOTE: TextEncoder, TextDecoder, and Headers are provided by native + // C extensions (encoding, headers) in quickjs-wasi, so the polyfill + // injection that was previously here has been removed. bundle: true, format: 'iife', platform: 'neutral', diff --git a/packages/core/src/polyfills/headers.ts b/packages/core/src/polyfills/headers.ts deleted file mode 100644 index d5f878a019..0000000000 --- a/packages/core/src/polyfills/headers.ts +++ /dev/null @@ -1,129 +0,0 @@ -/** - * Pure JavaScript Headers polyfill for the QuickJS VM. - * - * Adapted from nx.js (https://github.com/TooTallNate/nx.js) - * - * @copyright Apache License 2.0 - */ - -type HeadersInit = [string, string][] | Record | Headers; - -type HeadersIterator = IterableIterator; - -function normalizeName(v: unknown) { - const name = typeof v === 'string' ? v : String(v); - if (/[^a-z0-9\-#$%&'*+.^_`|~!]/i.test(name) || name === '') { - throw new TypeError(`Invalid character in header field name: "${name}"`); - } - return name.toLowerCase(); -} - -function normalizeValue(v: unknown) { - const s = typeof v === 'string' ? v : String(v); - return s.replace(/^[\t ]+|[\t ]+$/g, ''); -} - -const getValues = (v: string[]) => v.join(', '); - -export class Headers { - private _map = new Map(); - - constructor(init?: HeadersInit) { - // Build the map directly to minimize call stack depth - // (important for QuickJS WASM where stack space is limited) - const map = this._map; - if (init instanceof Headers) { - for (const [k, v] of init._map) { - map.set(k, [...v]); - } - } else if (Array.isArray(init)) { - for (let i = 0; i < init.length; i++) { - const h = init[i]; - const n = normalizeName(h[0]); - const v = normalizeValue(h[1]); - const a = map.get(n); - if (a) a.push(v); - else map.set(n, [v]); - } - } else if (init) { - for (const k of Object.getOwnPropertyNames(init)) { - map.set(normalizeName(k), [ - normalizeValue((init as Record)[k]), - ]); - } - } - } - - append(name: string, value: string): void { - name = normalizeName(name); - value = normalizeValue(value); - const map = this._map; - let values = map.get(name); - if (!values) { - values = []; - map.set(name, values); - } - values.push(value); - } - - delete(name: string): void { - this._map.delete(normalizeName(name)); - } - - get(name: string): string | null { - const values = this._map.get(normalizeName(name)); - return values ? getValues(values) : null; - } - - getSetCookie(): string[] { - return [...(this._map.get('set-cookie') || [])]; - } - - has(name: string): boolean { - return this._map.has(normalizeName(name)); - } - - set(name: string, value: string): void { - this._map.set(normalizeName(name), [normalizeValue(value)]); - } - - forEach( - callbackfn: (value: string, key: string, parent: Headers) => void, - thisArg?: unknown - ): void { - for (const [name, value] of this.entries()) { - callbackfn.call(thisArg, value, name, this); - } - } - - *entries(): HeadersIterator<[string, string]> { - const sorted = [...this._map.entries()].sort((a, b) => - a[0] < b[0] ? -1 : a[0] > b[0] ? 1 : 0 - ); - for (const [name, values] of sorted) { - if (name === 'set-cookie') { - for (const value of values) { - yield [name, value]; - } - } else { - yield [name, getValues(values)]; - } - } - } - - *keys(): HeadersIterator { - for (const [name] of this.entries()) { - yield name; - } - } - - *values(): HeadersIterator { - for (const [, value] of this.entries()) { - yield value; - } - } - - [Symbol.iterator](): HeadersIterator<[string, string]> { - return this.entries(); - } -} diff --git a/packages/core/src/polyfills/install-text-coding.ts b/packages/core/src/polyfills/install-text-coding.ts deleted file mode 100644 index 2865726fd6..0000000000 --- a/packages/core/src/polyfills/install-text-coding.ts +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -/** - * Installs polyfills on globalThis if not present. - * This file is injected via esbuild's `inject` option to ensure the - * polyfills are available before any other code runs. - */ - -import { TextEncoder } from './text-encoder.js'; -import { TextDecoder } from './text-decoder.js'; -import { Headers } from './headers.js'; - -if (typeof globalThis.TextEncoder === 'undefined') { - (globalThis as any).TextEncoder = TextEncoder; -} -if (typeof globalThis.TextDecoder === 'undefined') { - (globalThis as any).TextDecoder = TextDecoder; -} -if (typeof globalThis.Headers === 'undefined') { - (globalThis as any).Headers = Headers; -} diff --git a/packages/core/src/polyfills/text-decoder.ts b/packages/core/src/polyfills/text-decoder.ts deleted file mode 100644 index db5fb6632b..0000000000 --- a/packages/core/src/polyfills/text-decoder.ts +++ /dev/null @@ -1,148 +0,0 @@ -/** - * Pure JavaScript TextDecoder polyfill for UTF-8 decoding. - * - * Adapted from nx.js (https://github.com/TooTallNate/nx.js) - * Originally based on fast-text-encoding by Sam Thorogood. - * - * @copyright Apache License 2.0 - * @author Sam Thorogood - * @see https://github.com/samthor/fast-text-encoding/blob/master/src/lowlevel.js - */ - -export class TextDecoder { - readonly encoding = 'utf-8'; - readonly fatal: boolean; - readonly ignoreBOM: boolean; - - constructor( - encoding?: string, - options?: { fatal?: boolean; ignoreBOM?: boolean } - ) { - if ( - typeof encoding === 'string' && - encoding !== 'utf-8' && - encoding !== 'utf8' - ) { - throw new TypeError('Only "utf-8" decoding is supported'); - } - this.fatal = options?.fatal ?? false; - this.ignoreBOM = options?.ignoreBOM ?? false; - } - - decode( - input?: ArrayBuffer | ArrayBufferView, - _options?: { stream?: boolean } - ): string { - if (!input) return ''; - let bytes: Uint8Array; - if (input instanceof ArrayBuffer) { - bytes = new Uint8Array(input); - } else { - bytes = new Uint8Array(input.buffer, input.byteOffset, input.byteLength); - } - let inputIndex = 0; - - const pendingSize = Math.min(256 * 256, bytes.length + 1); - const pending = new Uint16Array(pendingSize); - const chunks: string[] = []; - let pendingIndex = 0; - let isFirstChunk = true; - - for (;;) { - const more = inputIndex < bytes.length; - - if (!more || pendingIndex >= pendingSize - 1) { - const subarray = pending.subarray(0, pendingIndex); - // @ts-expect-error — fromCharCode.apply accepts ArrayLike - let chunk: string = String.fromCharCode.apply(null, subarray); - - if ( - isFirstChunk && - !this.ignoreBOM && - chunk.length > 0 && - chunk.charCodeAt(0) === 0xfeff - ) { - chunk = chunk.slice(1); - } - isFirstChunk = false; - - chunks.push(chunk); - - if (!more) { - return chunks.join(''); - } - - bytes = bytes.subarray(inputIndex); - inputIndex = 0; - pendingIndex = 0; - } - - const byte1 = bytes[inputIndex++]; - if ((byte1 & 0x80) === 0) { - pending[pendingIndex++] = byte1; - } else if ((byte1 & 0xe0) === 0xc0) { - const byte2 = bytes[inputIndex++]; - if (byte2 === undefined || (byte2 & 0xc0) !== 0x80) { - if (this.fatal) throw new TypeError('Invalid UTF-8 sequence'); - pending[pendingIndex++] = 0xfffd; - if (byte2 !== undefined) inputIndex--; - } else { - pending[pendingIndex++] = ((byte1 & 0x1f) << 6) | (byte2 & 0x3f); - } - } else if ((byte1 & 0xf0) === 0xe0) { - const byte2 = bytes[inputIndex++]; - if (byte2 === undefined || (byte2 & 0xc0) !== 0x80) { - if (this.fatal) throw new TypeError('Invalid UTF-8 sequence'); - pending[pendingIndex++] = 0xfffd; - if (byte2 !== undefined) inputIndex--; - } else { - const byte3 = bytes[inputIndex++]; - if (byte3 === undefined || (byte3 & 0xc0) !== 0x80) { - if (this.fatal) throw new TypeError('Invalid UTF-8 sequence'); - pending[pendingIndex++] = 0xfffd; - if (byte3 !== undefined) inputIndex--; - } else { - pending[pendingIndex++] = - ((byte1 & 0x0f) << 12) | ((byte2 & 0x3f) << 6) | (byte3 & 0x3f); - } - } - } else if ((byte1 & 0xf8) === 0xf0) { - const byte2 = bytes[inputIndex++]; - if (byte2 === undefined || (byte2 & 0xc0) !== 0x80) { - if (this.fatal) throw new TypeError('Invalid UTF-8 sequence'); - pending[pendingIndex++] = 0xfffd; - if (byte2 !== undefined) inputIndex--; - } else { - const byte3 = bytes[inputIndex++]; - if (byte3 === undefined || (byte3 & 0xc0) !== 0x80) { - if (this.fatal) throw new TypeError('Invalid UTF-8 sequence'); - pending[pendingIndex++] = 0xfffd; - if (byte3 !== undefined) inputIndex--; - } else { - const byte4 = bytes[inputIndex++]; - if (byte4 === undefined || (byte4 & 0xc0) !== 0x80) { - if (this.fatal) throw new TypeError('Invalid UTF-8 sequence'); - pending[pendingIndex++] = 0xfffd; - if (byte4 !== undefined) inputIndex--; - } else { - let codepoint = - ((byte1 & 0x07) << 0x12) | - ((byte2 & 0x3f) << 0x0c) | - ((byte3 & 0x3f) << 0x06) | - (byte4 & 0x3f); - if (codepoint > 0xffff) { - codepoint -= 0x10000; - pending[pendingIndex++] = ((codepoint >>> 10) & 0x3ff) | 0xd800; - codepoint = 0xdc00 | (codepoint & 0x3ff); - } - pending[pendingIndex++] = codepoint; - } - } - } - } else { - if (this.fatal) throw new TypeError('Invalid UTF-8 sequence'); - pending[pendingIndex++] = 0xfffd; - } - } - } -} diff --git a/packages/core/src/polyfills/text-encoder.ts b/packages/core/src/polyfills/text-encoder.ts deleted file mode 100644 index 2b16e1020e..0000000000 --- a/packages/core/src/polyfills/text-encoder.ts +++ /dev/null @@ -1,68 +0,0 @@ -/** - * Pure JavaScript TextEncoder polyfill for UTF-8 encoding. - * - * Adapted from nx.js (https://github.com/nicolo-ribaudo/nicolo-ribaudo) - * Originally based on fast-text-encoding by Sam Thorogood. - * - * @copyright Apache License 2.0 - */ - -export class TextEncoder { - readonly encoding = 'utf-8'; - - encode(input?: string): Uint8Array { - if (!input) return new Uint8Array(0); - let pos = 0; - const len = input.length; - - let at = 0; - let tlen = Math.max(32, len + (len >>> 1) + 7); - let target = new Uint8Array((tlen >>> 3) << 3); - - while (pos < len) { - let value = input.charCodeAt(pos++); - if (value >= 0xd800 && value <= 0xdbff) { - if (pos < len) { - const extra = input.charCodeAt(pos); - if ((extra & 0xfc00) === 0xdc00) { - ++pos; - value = ((value & 0x3ff) << 10) + (extra & 0x3ff) + 0x10000; - } else { - value = 0xfffd; - } - } else { - value = 0xfffd; - } - } else if (value >= 0xdc00 && value <= 0xdfff) { - value = 0xfffd; - } - - if ((value & 0xffffff80) === 0) { - target[at++] = value; - continue; - } else if ((value & 0xfffff800) === 0) { - target[at++] = ((value >>> 6) & 0x1f) | 0xc0; - } else if ((value & 0xffff0000) === 0) { - target[at++] = ((value >>> 12) & 0x0f) | 0xe0; - target[at++] = ((value >>> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80; - } else if ((value & 0xffe00000) === 0) { - target[at++] = ((value >>> 18) & 0x07) | 0xf0; - target[at++] = ((value >>> 12) & 0x3f) | 0x80; - target[at++] = ((value >>> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80; - } else { - continue; - } - - target[at++] = (value & 0x3f) | 0x80; - } - - return target.slice(0, at); - } - - encodeInto( - _input: string, - _destination: Uint8Array - ): { read: number; written: number } { - throw new Error('encodeInto not implemented'); - } -} diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 3c6a7e3a4e..c5c7e7ff71 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -16,6 +16,11 @@ import type { Event, SnapshotMetadata, WorkflowRun } from '@workflow/world'; import * as nanoid from 'nanoid'; import { JSException, QuickJS } from 'quickjs-wasi'; +import { base64Extension } from 'quickjs-wasi/base64'; +import { encodingExtension } from 'quickjs-wasi/encoding'; +import { headersExtension } from 'quickjs-wasi/headers'; +import { structuredCloneExtension } from 'quickjs-wasi/structured-clone'; +import { urlExtension } from 'quickjs-wasi/url'; import seedrandom from 'seedrandom'; import type { CryptoKey } from '../encryption.js'; import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; @@ -131,11 +136,9 @@ globalThis.__workflowError = undefined; globalThis.__hookPayloadBuffer = {}; // Stubs for Web APIs that the workflow bundle may reference but are not -// available in QuickJS. These are lightweight polyfills, not full -// Web API implementations. - -// NOTE: Headers polyfill is provided by the VM serde bundle (via esbuild inject), -// which is evaluated before this bootstrap code. +// available in QuickJS. Native C extensions (encoding, base64, headers, +// url, structuredClone) provide the real implementations; these are +// minimal stubs for APIs that don't have native extensions yet. if (typeof ReadableStream === "undefined") { // Minimal ReadableStream that stores body data for Response.json()/text() @@ -151,18 +154,13 @@ if (typeof TransformStream === "undefined") { globalThis.TransformStream = function() {}; } -if (typeof URL === "undefined") { - globalThis.URL = function(u) { this.href = u; this.toString = function() { return u; }; }; -} - if (typeof console === "undefined") { globalThis.console = { log: function(){}, error: function(){}, warn: function(){}, info: function(){} }; } // Stub exports/module for CJS bundle format globalThis.exports = {}; globalThis.module = { exports: globalThis.exports }; -// NOTE: TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills are provided by the VM serde bundle, -// which is evaluated before this bootstrap code. +// NOTE: TextEncoder/TextDecoder are provided by the native encoding extension. globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")] = function(stepId, closureVarsFn) { var fn = function() { @@ -412,31 +410,17 @@ globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_CREATE_HOOK")] = function(options) { // WORKFLOW_GET_STREAM_ID — generates a stream ID for a workflow run. // Replicates getWorkflowRunStreamId() from util.ts inside the QuickJS VM. -// Needs a base64url encoder since Buffer is not available in QuickJS. -(function() { - var BASE64_CHARS = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"; - function base64url(str) { - var bytes = new TextEncoder().encode(str); - var result = ""; - for (var i = 0; i < bytes.length; i += 3) { - var b0 = bytes[i], b1 = bytes[i+1] || 0, b2 = bytes[i+2] || 0; - result += BASE64_CHARS[b0 >> 2]; - result += BASE64_CHARS[((b0 & 3) << 4) | (b1 >> 4)]; - if (i + 1 < bytes.length) result += BASE64_CHARS[((b1 & 15) << 2) | (b2 >> 6)]; - if (i + 2 < bytes.length) result += BASE64_CHARS[b2 & 63]; - } - // base64url: replace + with -, / with _, strip padding - return result.replace(/\\+/g, "-").replace(/\\//g, "_"); - } - globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_GET_STREAM_ID")] = function(namespace) { - var runId = globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_CONTEXT")] - ? globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_CONTEXT")].workflowRunId - : ""; - var streamId = runId.replace("wrun_", "strm_") + "_user"; - if (!namespace) return streamId; - return streamId + "_" + base64url(namespace); - }; -})(); +// Uses native btoa() from the base64 extension for base64url encoding. +globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_GET_STREAM_ID")] = function(namespace) { + var runId = globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_CONTEXT")] + ? globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_CONTEXT")].workflowRunId + : ""; + var streamId = runId.replace("wrun_", "strm_") + "_user"; + if (!namespace) return streamId; + // base64url: btoa then replace + with -, / with _, strip = + var b64 = btoa(namespace).replace(/\\+/g, "-").replace(/\\//g, "_").replace(/=+$/, ""); + return streamId + "_" + b64; +}; `; // ---- Runtime ---- @@ -468,18 +452,23 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( // Use real time for Date.now() — determinism is handled by seeded Math.random memoryLimit: 256 * 1024 * 1024, interruptHandler: createInterruptHandler(), + extensions: [ + encodingExtension, + base64Extension, + headersExtension, + urlExtension, + structuredCloneExtension, + ], }); - // Re-register host callbacks after restore. Host functions (Math.random, - // __generateNanoid) are backed by callback IDs stored in the WASM heap. - // After restore, the callback registry is empty — we must re-register - // each callback with the same ID it had during the original creation. - // IDs are assigned sequentially by newFunction() starting from - // vm.nextCallbackId (which is 1 in quickjs-wasi). We must use the same - // base + offset as the first-run registration order. - const baseId = 1; // quickjs-wasi starts nextCallbackId at 1 - vm.registerHostCallback(baseId, () => vm.newNumber(rng())); - vm.registerHostCallback(baseId + 1, () => vm.newString(generateNanoid())); + // Re-register host callbacks after restore. Host functions are stored + // in the WASM heap by name. After restore, the host callback registry + // is empty — we must re-register each callback with the same name + // used during newFunction() in the first-run path. + vm.registerHostCallback('random', () => vm.newNumber(rng())); + vm.registerHostCallback('__generateNanoid', () => + vm.newString(generateNanoid()) + ); // Note: __wdk_serialize/__wdk_deserialize are JS functions in the VM // (set by the serde bundle), so they survive snapshot/restore as part @@ -506,6 +495,13 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( // Use real time for Date.now() — determinism is handled by seeded Math.random memoryLimit: 256 * 1024 * 1024, interruptHandler: createInterruptHandler(), + extensions: [ + encodingExtension, + base64Extension, + headersExtension, + urlExtension, + structuredCloneExtension, + ], }); // Seeded Math.random — host callback ID = baseId diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts index 8b90315989..045f0888e4 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts @@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ * serialize/deserialize + TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills inside the * QuickJS WASM VM. 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The bundled output * is evaluated inside the QuickJS VM during bootstrap. * - * It includes the TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills since QuickJS - * doesn't have them natively. + * TextEncoder, TextDecoder, and Headers are provided by native C + * extensions in quickjs-wasi, so no polyfills are needed. */ -import { TextDecoder as TextDecoderPolyfill } from '../polyfills/text-decoder.js'; -// Polyfills MUST be installed before any other imports, because -// the devalue codec uses `new TextEncoder()` at module scope. -import { TextEncoder as TextEncoderPolyfill } from '../polyfills/text-encoder.js'; - -if (typeof globalThis.TextEncoder === 'undefined') { - (globalThis as any).TextEncoder = TextEncoderPolyfill; -} -if (typeof globalThis.TextDecoder === 'undefined') { - (globalThis as any).TextDecoder = TextDecoderPolyfill; -} - import { monotonicFactory } from 'ulid'; -// Now it's safe to import the serializer (uses TextEncoder/TextDecoder) import { deserialize, serialize } from './workflow-vm.js'; // Install on global scope diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml index 6ad445ee56..d45609f022 100644 --- a/pnpm-lock.yaml +++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml @@ -586,8 +586,8 @@ importers: specifier: 5.1.6 version: 5.1.6 quickjs-wasi: - specifier: 1.3.0 - version: 1.3.0 + specifier: 2.0.0 + version: 2.0.0 seedrandom: specifier: 3.0.5 version: 3.0.5 @@ -2151,7 +2151,7 @@ importers: version: 1.15.3 '@vercel/analytics': specifier: latest - version: 2.0.0(3eb18ee0ef09bb7b6ddb50c31f32f06d) + version: 2.0.1(3eb18ee0ef09bb7b6ddb50c31f32f06d) '@workflow/swc-plugin': specifier: workspace:* version: link:../../packages/swc-plugin-workflow @@ -8155,8 +8155,8 @@ packages: vue-router: optional: true - '@vercel/analytics@2.0.0': - resolution: {integrity: sha512-fP/ASXXz+1K/C2vWTnocd8RsGnkO9f1qOIDrhgQ3DagJtnea1EsM9AV9fDzjXlPIPb2vBQapxOIMCjtGIW8PZw==} + '@vercel/analytics@2.0.1': + resolution: {integrity: sha512-MTQG6V9qQrt1tsDeF+2Uoo5aPjqbVPys1xvnIftXSJYG2SrwXRHnqEvVoYID7BTruDz4lCd2Z7rM1BdkUehk2g==} peerDependencies: '@remix-run/react': ^2 '@sveltejs/kit': ^1 || ^2 @@ -8173,6 +8173,8 @@ packages: optional: true next: optional: true + nuxt: + optional: true react: optional: true svelte: @@ -13567,8 +13569,8 @@ packages: resolution: {integrity: sha512-WuyALRjWPDGtt/wzJiadO5AXY+8hZ80hVpe6MyivgraREW751X3SbhRvG3eLKOYN+8VEvqLcf3wdnt44Z4S4SA==} engines: {node: '>=10'} - quickjs-wasi@1.3.0: - resolution: {integrity: sha512-gkkgMGYZyADVvV55q39ryQirfbGj3Sa14Ru1VXLk9WQ/MYQ2y2SztMX7s/qqdV2HrrlYUcGgojmqKfHdKi8vqA==} + quickjs-wasi@2.0.0: + resolution: {integrity: sha512-9bSUf9KSi4wAWQpgFZNYx/aeL7v0wBd+jgjwNNhL115BD0JsC9ojBfkqiAeh/CynwX39OUYUSU2myisgFteLog==} quote-unquote@1.0.0: resolution: {integrity: sha512-twwRO/ilhlG/FIgYeKGFqyHhoEhqgnKVkcmqMKi2r524gz3ZbDTcyFt38E9xjJI2vT+KbRNHVbnJ/e0I25Azwg==} @@ -23237,12 +23239,11 @@ snapshots: vue: 3.5.22(typescript@5.9.3) vue-router: 4.6.3(vue@3.5.22(typescript@5.9.3)) - '@vercel/analytics@2.0.0(3eb18ee0ef09bb7b6ddb50c31f32f06d)': - dependencies: - nuxt: 4.1.3(@biomejs/biome@2.4.4)(@netlify/blobs@9.1.2)(@parcel/watcher@2.5.1)(@types/node@22.19.0)(@vercel/blob@2.0.0)(@vercel/functions@3.4.3(@aws-sdk/credential-provider-web-identity@3.972.13))(@vue/compiler-sfc@3.5.22)(better-sqlite3@11.10.0)(db0@0.3.4(better-sqlite3@11.10.0)(drizzle-orm@0.45.1(@opentelemetry/api@1.9.0)(@types/pg@8.16.0)(better-sqlite3@11.10.0)(pg@8.16.3)(postgres@3.4.8)))(drizzle-orm@0.45.1(@opentelemetry/api@1.9.0)(@types/pg@8.16.0)(better-sqlite3@11.10.0)(pg@8.16.3)(postgres@3.4.8))(eslint@9.38.0(jiti@2.6.1))(ioredis@5.8.2)(lightningcss@1.30.2)(magicast@0.3.5)(optionator@0.9.4)(rollup@4.53.2)(terser@5.44.0)(tsx@4.20.6)(typescript@5.9.3)(vite@7.1.12(@types/node@22.19.0)(jiti@2.6.1)(lightningcss@1.30.2)(terser@5.44.0)(tsx@4.20.6)(yaml@2.8.1))(yaml@2.8.1) + '@vercel/analytics@2.0.1(3eb18ee0ef09bb7b6ddb50c31f32f06d)': optionalDependencies: '@sveltejs/kit': 2.48.4(@opentelemetry/api@1.9.0)(@sveltejs/vite-plugin-svelte@6.2.1(svelte@5.43.3)(vite@7.1.12(@types/node@22.19.0)(jiti@2.6.1)(lightningcss@1.30.2)(terser@5.44.0)(tsx@4.20.6)(yaml@2.8.1)))(svelte@5.43.3)(vite@7.1.12(@types/node@22.19.0)(jiti@2.6.1)(lightningcss@1.30.2)(terser@5.44.0)(tsx@4.20.6)(yaml@2.8.1)) next: 16.1.6(@opentelemetry/api@1.9.0)(react-dom@19.2.4(react@19.2.4))(react@19.2.4) + nuxt: 4.1.3(@biomejs/biome@2.4.4)(@netlify/blobs@9.1.2)(@parcel/watcher@2.5.1)(@types/node@22.19.0)(@vercel/blob@2.0.0)(@vercel/functions@3.4.3(@aws-sdk/credential-provider-web-identity@3.972.13))(@vue/compiler-sfc@3.5.22)(better-sqlite3@11.10.0)(db0@0.3.4(better-sqlite3@11.10.0)(drizzle-orm@0.45.1(@opentelemetry/api@1.9.0)(@types/pg@8.16.0)(better-sqlite3@11.10.0)(pg@8.16.3)(postgres@3.4.8)))(drizzle-orm@0.45.1(@opentelemetry/api@1.9.0)(@types/pg@8.16.0)(better-sqlite3@11.10.0)(pg@8.16.3)(postgres@3.4.8))(eslint@9.38.0(jiti@2.6.1))(ioredis@5.8.2)(lightningcss@1.30.2)(magicast@0.3.5)(optionator@0.9.4)(rollup@4.53.2)(terser@5.44.0)(tsx@4.20.6)(typescript@5.9.3)(vite@7.1.12(@types/node@22.19.0)(jiti@2.6.1)(lightningcss@1.30.2)(terser@5.44.0)(tsx@4.20.6)(yaml@2.8.1))(yaml@2.8.1) react: 19.2.4 svelte: 5.43.3 vue: 3.5.22(typescript@5.9.3) @@ -23462,14 +23463,6 @@ snapshots: optionalDependencies: vite: 7.1.12(@types/node@22.19.0)(jiti@2.6.1)(lightningcss@1.30.2)(terser@5.44.0)(tsx@4.20.6)(yaml@2.8.1) - '@vitest/mocker@4.0.18(vite@7.1.12(@types/node@22.19.0)(jiti@2.6.1)(lightningcss@1.30.2)(terser@5.44.0)(tsx@4.20.6)(yaml@2.8.1))': - dependencies: - '@vitest/spy': 4.0.18 - estree-walker: 3.0.3 - magic-string: 0.30.21 - optionalDependencies: - vite: 7.1.12(@types/node@22.19.0)(jiti@2.6.1)(lightningcss@1.30.2)(terser@5.44.0)(tsx@4.20.6)(yaml@2.8.1) - '@vitest/mocker@4.0.18(vite@7.1.12(@types/node@24.6.2)(jiti@2.6.1)(lightningcss@1.30.2)(terser@5.44.0)(tsx@4.20.6)(yaml@2.8.1))': dependencies: '@vitest/spy': 4.0.18 @@ -30304,7 +30297,7 @@ snapshots: quick-lru@5.1.1: {} - quickjs-wasi@1.3.0: {} + quickjs-wasi@2.0.0: {} quote-unquote@1.0.0: {} @@ -32863,7 +32856,7 @@ snapshots: vitest@4.0.18(@opentelemetry/api@1.9.0)(@types/node@22.19.0)(jiti@2.6.1)(jsdom@26.1.0)(lightningcss@1.30.2)(terser@5.44.0)(tsx@4.20.6)(yaml@2.8.1): dependencies: '@vitest/expect': 4.0.18 - '@vitest/mocker': 4.0.18(vite@7.1.12(@types/node@22.19.0)(jiti@2.6.1)(lightningcss@1.30.2)(terser@5.44.0)(tsx@4.20.6)(yaml@2.8.1)) + '@vitest/mocker': 4.0.18(vite@7.1.12(@types/node@24.6.2)(jiti@2.6.1)(lightningcss@1.30.2)(terser@5.44.0)(tsx@4.20.6)(yaml@2.8.1)) '@vitest/pretty-format': 4.0.18 '@vitest/runner': 4.0.18 '@vitest/snapshot': 4.0.18 From 8b3c6309c849a1dc3b6967c822223840b24e9097 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 01:14:33 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 055/124] feat: gzip compress snapshots in world-local storage Compress VM snapshot data with gzip before writing to disk. The metadata JSON includes a dataFile field with the binary filename (e.g. '{runId}.bin.gz') so the correct compression format can be determined on load. Backward compatible with existing uncompressed .bin snapshots via fallback when dataFile is absent. --- .../src/storage/snapshots-storage.ts | 92 +++++++++++++------ 1 file changed, 64 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/world-local/src/storage/snapshots-storage.ts b/packages/world-local/src/storage/snapshots-storage.ts index 5c89680b56..e775a8b7da 100644 --- a/packages/world-local/src/storage/snapshots-storage.ts +++ b/packages/world-local/src/storage/snapshots-storage.ts @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ +import fs from 'node:fs/promises'; import path from 'node:path'; +import { gunzipSync, gzipSync } from 'node:zlib'; import type { SnapshotMetadata } from '@workflow/world'; import { SnapshotMetadataSchema } from '@workflow/world'; -import { - deleteJSON, - ensureDir, - readBuffer, - readJSON, - write, - writeJSON, -} from '../fs.js'; +import { z } from 'zod'; +import { ensureDir, readBuffer, readJSON, write, writeJSON } from '../fs.js'; + +/** + * Extended metadata stored on disk. Includes the binary data filename + * so the correct file (and compression format) can be loaded. + */ +const LocalSnapshotMetadataSchema = SnapshotMetadataSchema.extend({ + /** Filename of the binary snapshot data (e.g. "{runId}.bin.gz") */ + dataFile: z.string().optional(), +}); /** * Create the snapshots sub-storage for a local World implementation. * * Snapshots are stored as two files per run: - * {basedir}/snapshots/{runId}.bin — serialized VM snapshot (binary) - * {basedir}/snapshots/{runId}.json — metadata (lastEventId, createdAt) + * {basedir}/snapshots/{runId}.bin.gz — gzip-compressed VM snapshot + * {basedir}/snapshots/{runId}.json — metadata (eventsCursor, createdAt, dataFile) + * + * The metadata includes a `dataFile` field with the binary filename so + * the correct compression format can be determined on load. This allows + * changing the compression format in the future without breaking existing + * snapshots. */ export function createSnapshotsStorage(basedir: string) { const snapshotsDir = path.join(basedir, 'snapshots'); - function binPath(runId: string): string { - return path.join(snapshotsDir, `${runId}.bin`); - } - function metadataPath(runId: string): string { return path.join(snapshotsDir, `${runId}.json`); } @@ -35,10 +41,19 @@ export function createSnapshotsStorage(basedir: string) { metadata: SnapshotMetadata ): Promise { await ensureDir(snapshotsDir); - // Write both files — overwrite any existing snapshot for this run + + const dataFile = `${runId}.bin.gz`; + const compressed = gzipSync(data); + await Promise.all([ - write(binPath(runId), Buffer.from(data), { overwrite: true }), - writeJSON(metadataPath(runId), metadata, { overwrite: true }), + write(path.join(snapshotsDir, dataFile), compressed, { + overwrite: true, + }), + writeJSON( + metadataPath(runId), + { ...metadata, dataFile }, + { overwrite: true } + ), ]); }, @@ -46,22 +61,35 @@ export function createSnapshotsStorage(basedir: string) { runId: string ): Promise<{ data: Uint8Array; metadata: SnapshotMetadata } | null> { // Read metadata first — if it doesn't exist, there's no snapshot - const metadata = await readJSON( + const localMetadata = await readJSON( metadataPath(runId), - SnapshotMetadataSchema + LocalSnapshotMetadataSchema ); - if (!metadata) return null; + if (!localMetadata) return null; + + // Determine the binary file path. Use dataFile from metadata if + // present, otherwise fall back to the legacy uncompressed path. + const dataFile = localMetadata.dataFile ?? `${runId}.bin`; + const dataPath = path.join(snapshotsDir, dataFile); try { - const dataBuf = await readBuffer(binPath(runId)); - return { - data: new Uint8Array( + const dataBuf = await readBuffer(dataPath); + + // Decompress if the file is gzip-compressed + let data: Uint8Array; + if (dataFile.endsWith('.gz')) { + data = gunzipSync(dataBuf); + } else { + data = new Uint8Array( dataBuf.buffer, dataBuf.byteOffset, dataBuf.byteLength - ), - metadata, - }; + ); + } + + // Return only the SnapshotMetadata fields (strip dataFile) + const { dataFile: _, ...metadata } = localMetadata; + return { data, metadata }; } catch (error: any) { if (error.code === 'ENOENT') { return null; @@ -71,9 +99,17 @@ export function createSnapshotsStorage(basedir: string) { }, async delete(runId: string): Promise { + // Read metadata to find the binary data filename + const localMetadata = await readJSON( + metadataPath(runId), + LocalSnapshotMetadataSchema + ); + + const dataFile = localMetadata?.dataFile ?? `${runId}.bin`; + await Promise.all([ - deleteJSON(binPath(runId)), - deleteJSON(metadataPath(runId)), + fs.rm(path.join(snapshotsDir, dataFile), { force: true }), + fs.rm(metadataPath(runId), { force: true }), ]); }, }; From a06ce2f4051d0db9396e953c35d91e341d253c34 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 01:55:03 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 056/124] Use prod URL --- packages/world-vercel/src/utils.ts | 3 +-- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/world-vercel/src/utils.ts b/packages/world-vercel/src/utils.ts index 58fa3b3bd7..ebcb5811b7 100644 --- a/packages/world-vercel/src/utils.ts +++ b/packages/world-vercel/src/utils.ts @@ -29,8 +29,7 @@ import { version } from './version.js'; * * Example: 'https://workflow-server-git-branch-name.vercel.sh' */ -const WORKFLOW_SERVER_URL_OVERRIDE = - 'https://workflow-server-git-snapshot-api-endpoints.vercel.sh'; +const WORKFLOW_SERVER_URL_OVERRIDE = ''; export interface APIConfig { token?: string; From d6dceda0acdb1d5fade1a81f4a4e9a7d9cd42087 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 09:24:22 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 057/124] fix: prevent quickjs-wasi from being bundled into workflow/server bundles - Use dynamic import with variable indirection for snapshot-entrypoint to prevent esbuild from pulling quickjs-wasi into the workflow bundle (which is CJS and breaks import.meta.url) - Externalize quickjs-wasi from Nitro's server bundle (rollup/rolldown) - Add quickjs-wasi to Next.js serverExternalPackages automatically --- packages/core/src/runtime.ts | 9 ++++++++- packages/next/src/index.ts | 8 ++++++++ packages/nitro/src/index.ts | 10 ++++++++-- 3 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime.ts index 571dca5a15..f5b79d1c53 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime.ts @@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import { parseHealthCheckPayload, withHealthCheck, } from './runtime/helpers.js'; -import { runWorkflowWithSnapshots } from './runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.js'; import { handleSuspension } from './runtime/suspension-handler.js'; import { getWorld, getWorldHandlers } from './runtime/world.js'; import { remapErrorStack } from './source-map.js'; @@ -261,6 +260,14 @@ export function workflowEntrypoint( runtimeLogger.debug('Using snapshot runtime', { workflowRunId: runId, }); + // Dynamic import to avoid pulling quickjs-wasi (WASM + native + // extensions) into the workflow bundle's static dependency graph. + // The variable indirection prevents esbuild from resolving it + // at bundle time. + const snapshotEntrypoint = './runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.js'; + const { runWorkflowWithSnapshots } = await import( + /* webpackIgnore: true */ snapshotEntrypoint + ); const snapshotResult = await runWorkflowWithSnapshots({ workflowCode, workflowName, diff --git a/packages/next/src/index.ts b/packages/next/src/index.ts index fdcd03a310..6e46a1940f 100644 --- a/packages/next/src/index.ts +++ b/packages/next/src/index.ts @@ -61,6 +61,14 @@ export function withWorkflow( // shallow clone to avoid read-only on top-level nextConfig = Object.assign({}, nextConfig); + // Externalize quickjs-wasi from the Next.js server bundle — it uses + // import.meta.url to locate WASM and native extension .so files, which + // breaks when bundled by webpack/turbopack. + nextConfig.serverExternalPackages = [ + ...(nextConfig.serverExternalPackages || []), + 'quickjs-wasi', + ]; + // configure the loader if turbopack is being used if (!nextConfig.turbopack) { nextConfig.turbopack = {}; diff --git a/packages/nitro/src/index.ts b/packages/nitro/src/index.ts index 8590c7e5d2..d125d1dd23 100644 --- a/packages/nitro/src/index.ts +++ b/packages/nitro/src/index.ts @@ -34,10 +34,16 @@ export default { nitro.options.alias['debug'] ??= 'debug'; } + // Externalize quickjs-wasi — it uses import.meta.url to locate its + // WASM and native extension .so files, which breaks when bundled into CJS. + nitro.options.externals ||= {}; + nitro.options.externals.external ||= []; + nitro.options.externals.external.push( + (id) => id === 'quickjs-wasi' || id.startsWith('quickjs-wasi/') + ); + // NOTE: Externalize .nitro/workflow to prevent dev reloads if (nitro.options.dev) { - nitro.options.externals ||= {}; - nitro.options.externals.external ||= []; const outDir = join(nitro.options.buildDir, 'workflow'); nitro.options.externals.external.push((id) => id.startsWith(outDir)); } From f22158ea9ce45b1c5f68cfb8b078ff65654cdc7f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 10:19:32 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 058/124] fix: use package subpath export for snapshot-entrypoint dynamic import The relative path './runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.js' breaks when Turbopack chunks @workflow/core into a different output directory. Use '@workflow/core/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint' package specifier instead, which bundlers resolve correctly regardless of chunking. --- packages/core/package.json | 4 ++++ packages/core/src/runtime.ts | 10 ++++++---- 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/package.json b/packages/core/package.json index 4337d56734..098708af60 100644 --- a/packages/core/package.json +++ b/packages/core/package.json @@ -72,6 +72,10 @@ "types": "./dist/encryption.d.ts", "default": "./dist/encryption.js" }, + "./runtime/snapshot-entrypoint": { + "types": "./dist/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.d.ts", + "default": "./dist/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.js" + }, "./_workflow": "./dist/workflow/index.js" }, "scripts": { diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime.ts index f5b79d1c53..32a35d244a 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime.ts @@ -262,11 +262,13 @@ export function workflowEntrypoint( }); // Dynamic import to avoid pulling quickjs-wasi (WASM + native // extensions) into the workflow bundle's static dependency graph. - // The variable indirection prevents esbuild from resolving it - // at bundle time. - const snapshotEntrypoint = './runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.js'; + // Uses a package subpath export so bundlers (Turbopack, etc.) + // can resolve it correctly regardless of chunking. The variable + // indirection prevents esbuild from resolving it at bundle time. + const snapshotMod = + '@workflow/core/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint'; const { runWorkflowWithSnapshots } = await import( - /* webpackIgnore: true */ snapshotEntrypoint + /* webpackIgnore: true */ snapshotMod ); const snapshotResult = await runWorkflowWithSnapshots({ workflowCode, From cc38378129bcb529dfe2ccbef11207cb580c01bf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 10:26:11 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 059/124] fix: load quickjs-wasi WASM and extension binaries explicitly via readFileSync MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Instead of importing quickjs-wasi subpath modules (quickjs-wasi/base64, quickjs-wasi/encoding, etc.) which use import.meta.url internally and break when bundled to CJS, resolve the package directory via createRequire + require.resolve and read the .wasm and .so files directly with readFileSync. This is compatible with nft file tracing and avoids all bundler issues. - Remove quickjs-wasi subpath imports entirely - Construct ExtensionDescriptor objects manually with pre-read bytes - Remove unused wasm option from SnapshotRuntimeOptions - Add initFn for structured-clone extension (hyphen → underscore) --- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 77 +++++++++++++------ 1 file changed, 53 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index c5c7e7ff71..af4732dc09 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -13,20 +13,63 @@ * resolve/reject promises. */ +import { readFileSync } from 'node:fs'; +import { createRequire } from 'node:module'; +import { dirname, join } from 'node:path'; import type { Event, SnapshotMetadata, WorkflowRun } from '@workflow/world'; import * as nanoid from 'nanoid'; -import { JSException, QuickJS } from 'quickjs-wasi'; -import { base64Extension } from 'quickjs-wasi/base64'; -import { encodingExtension } from 'quickjs-wasi/encoding'; -import { headersExtension } from 'quickjs-wasi/headers'; -import { structuredCloneExtension } from 'quickjs-wasi/structured-clone'; -import { urlExtension } from 'quickjs-wasi/url'; +import { type ExtensionDescriptor, JSException, QuickJS } from 'quickjs-wasi'; import seedrandom from 'seedrandom'; import type { CryptoKey } from '../encryption.js'; import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; import { decrypt as decryptData } from '../serialization/encryption.js'; import { VM_SERDE_BUNDLE } from './vm-serde-bundle.generated.js'; +/** + * Resolve the quickjs-wasi package directory using require.resolve. + * This works in both CJS and ESM contexts, and is recognized by Vercel's + * nft (Node File Tracing) for including the binary assets in deployments. + * + * require.resolve('quickjs-wasi') returns .../quickjs-wasi/dist/index.js + * so the package root is two directories up. + */ +const require_ = createRequire(import.meta.url); +const quickjsDir = dirname(dirname(require_.resolve('quickjs-wasi'))); + +/** + * Load the quickjs-wasi WASM binary and native C extension .so files + * eagerly at module load time. By reading the files ourselves (rather than + * importing quickjs-wasi/base64, quickjs-wasi/encoding, etc.), we avoid + * the import.meta.url resolution in those modules which breaks when + * bundlers convert ESM to CJS. + */ +const quickjsWasm = readFileSync(join(quickjsDir, 'quickjs.wasm')); +const extensions: ExtensionDescriptor[] = [ + { + name: 'encoding', + wasm: readFileSync(join(quickjsDir, 'extensions/encoding/encoding.so')), + }, + { + name: 'base64', + wasm: readFileSync(join(quickjsDir, 'extensions/base64/base64.so')), + }, + { + name: 'headers', + wasm: readFileSync(join(quickjsDir, 'extensions/headers/headers.so')), + }, + { + name: 'url', + wasm: readFileSync(join(quickjsDir, 'extensions/url/url.so')), + }, + { + name: 'structured-clone', + wasm: readFileSync( + join(quickjsDir, 'extensions/structured-clone/structured-clone.so') + ), + initFn: 'qjs_ext_structured_clone_init', + }, +]; + // ---- Types ---- export interface PendingStep { @@ -101,8 +144,6 @@ export interface SnapshotRuntimeOptions { } | null; /** Encryption key for decrypting event payloads (undefined if unencrypted) */ encryptionKey?: CryptoKey; - /** The WASM module bytes for quickjs-wasi (optional, auto-loaded if omitted) */ - wasm?: ArrayBuffer | Uint8Array; } // ---- VM Bootstrap Code ---- @@ -448,17 +489,11 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( // ---- RESTORE from snapshot ---- const snapshot = QuickJS.deserializeSnapshot(existingSnapshot.data); vm = await QuickJS.restore(snapshot, { - wasm: options.wasm, + wasm: quickjsWasm, // Use real time for Date.now() — determinism is handled by seeded Math.random memoryLimit: 256 * 1024 * 1024, interruptHandler: createInterruptHandler(), - extensions: [ - encodingExtension, - base64Extension, - headersExtension, - urlExtension, - structuredCloneExtension, - ], + extensions, }); // Re-register host callbacks after restore. Host functions are stored @@ -491,17 +526,11 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( } else { // ---- FIRST RUN ---- vm = await QuickJS.create({ - wasm: options.wasm, + wasm: quickjsWasm, // Use real time for Date.now() — determinism is handled by seeded Math.random memoryLimit: 256 * 1024 * 1024, interruptHandler: createInterruptHandler(), - extensions: [ - encodingExtension, - base64Extension, - headersExtension, - urlExtension, - structuredCloneExtension, - ], + extensions, }); // Seeded Math.random — host callback ID = baseId From 2ada78b6f3615734e9647d8b7fdd127a022b6b80 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 10:59:56 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 060/124] fix: revert dynamic import back to static import for snapshot-entrypoint MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit The dynamic import was unnecessary — the flow bundle runs in Node.js (not the QuickJS VM), so quickjs-wasi being in the bundle is correct. Remove the subpath export that was added for the dynamic import. --- packages/core/package.json | 4 ---- packages/core/src/runtime.ts | 11 +---------- 2 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 14 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/package.json b/packages/core/package.json index 098708af60..4337d56734 100644 --- a/packages/core/package.json +++ b/packages/core/package.json @@ -72,10 +72,6 @@ "types": "./dist/encryption.d.ts", "default": "./dist/encryption.js" }, - "./runtime/snapshot-entrypoint": { - "types": "./dist/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.d.ts", - "default": "./dist/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.js" - }, "./_workflow": "./dist/workflow/index.js" }, "scripts": { diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime.ts index 32a35d244a..571dca5a15 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime.ts @@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import { parseHealthCheckPayload, withHealthCheck, } from './runtime/helpers.js'; +import { runWorkflowWithSnapshots } from './runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.js'; import { handleSuspension } from './runtime/suspension-handler.js'; import { getWorld, getWorldHandlers } from './runtime/world.js'; import { remapErrorStack } from './source-map.js'; @@ -260,16 +261,6 @@ export function workflowEntrypoint( runtimeLogger.debug('Using snapshot runtime', { workflowRunId: runId, }); - // Dynamic import to avoid pulling quickjs-wasi (WASM + native - // extensions) into the workflow bundle's static dependency graph. - // Uses a package subpath export so bundlers (Turbopack, etc.) - // can resolve it correctly regardless of chunking. The variable - // indirection prevents esbuild from resolving it at bundle time. - const snapshotMod = - '@workflow/core/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint'; - const { runWorkflowWithSnapshots } = await import( - /* webpackIgnore: true */ snapshotMod - ); const snapshotResult = await runWorkflowWithSnapshots({ workflowCode, workflowName, From 162fd9c5fd6e4106573f4ed936eb1153740df76f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 11:04:18 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 061/124] fix: handle CJS contexts where import.meta.url is undefined Use require.resolve directly when available (CJS bundles), falling back to createRequire(import.meta.url) for ESM contexts. --- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 15 ++++++++++----- 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index af4732dc09..59f7123d83 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -26,15 +26,20 @@ import { decrypt as decryptData } from '../serialization/encryption.js'; import { VM_SERDE_BUNDLE } from './vm-serde-bundle.generated.js'; /** - * Resolve the quickjs-wasi package directory using require.resolve. - * This works in both CJS and ESM contexts, and is recognized by Vercel's - * nft (Node File Tracing) for including the binary assets in deployments. + * Resolve the quickjs-wasi package directory. + * + * In ESM (direct dist/ usage, Turbopack, Nitro ESM), import.meta.url is + * available and we use createRequire. In CJS bundles (esbuild workflow + * builder), typeof require !== 'undefined' and we use it directly. * * require.resolve('quickjs-wasi') returns .../quickjs-wasi/dist/index.js * so the package root is two directories up. */ -const require_ = createRequire(import.meta.url); -const quickjsDir = dirname(dirname(require_.resolve('quickjs-wasi'))); +const resolvePackage = + typeof require !== 'undefined' + ? require.resolve + : createRequire(import.meta.url).resolve; +const quickjsDir = dirname(dirname(resolvePackage('quickjs-wasi'))); /** * Load the quickjs-wasi WASM binary and native C extension .so files From 98b1c67c409946e60a513c42e45c7e35ed38ceca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 11:17:32 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 062/124] fix: externalize quickjs-wasi from workflow and steps esbuild bundles Revert to importing quickjs-wasi subpath modules directly (base64, encoding, headers, url, structured-clone) since they work correctly when externalized. Add quickjs-wasi and quickjs-wasi/* to the external list in both the final workflow bundle and steps bundle esbuild configs, so the extension modules stay as require() calls and their import.meta.url-based .so loading works at runtime. --- packages/builders/src/base-builder.ts | 14 +++- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 69 +++++-------------- 2 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 54 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/builders/src/base-builder.ts b/packages/builders/src/base-builder.ts index e9e15a5ff3..4b4d739290 100644 --- a/packages/builders/src/base-builder.ts +++ b/packages/builders/src/base-builder.ts @@ -504,7 +504,13 @@ export abstract class BaseBuilder { ], // Plugin should catch most things, but this lets users hard override // if the plugin misses anything that should be externalized - external: ['bun', 'bun:*', ...(this.config.externalPackages || [])], + external: [ + 'bun', + 'bun:*', + 'quickjs-wasi', + 'quickjs-wasi/*', + ...(this.config.externalPackages || []), + ], }); const stepsResult = await esbuildCtx.rebuild(); @@ -814,7 +820,11 @@ export const POST = workflowEntrypoint(workflowCode);`; write: true, keepNames: true, minify: false, - external: ['@aws-sdk/credential-provider-web-identity'], + external: [ + '@aws-sdk/credential-provider-web-identity', + 'quickjs-wasi', + 'quickjs-wasi/*', + ], }); this.logEsbuildMessages( diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 59f7123d83..61faa696ca 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -13,12 +13,14 @@ * resolve/reject promises. */ -import { readFileSync } from 'node:fs'; -import { createRequire } from 'node:module'; -import { dirname, join } from 'node:path'; import type { Event, SnapshotMetadata, WorkflowRun } from '@workflow/world'; import * as nanoid from 'nanoid'; -import { type ExtensionDescriptor, JSException, QuickJS } from 'quickjs-wasi'; +import { JSException, QuickJS } from 'quickjs-wasi'; +import { base64Extension } from 'quickjs-wasi/base64'; +import { encodingExtension } from 'quickjs-wasi/encoding'; +import { headersExtension } from 'quickjs-wasi/headers'; +import { structuredCloneExtension } from 'quickjs-wasi/structured-clone'; +import { urlExtension } from 'quickjs-wasi/url'; import seedrandom from 'seedrandom'; import type { CryptoKey } from '../encryption.js'; import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; @@ -26,53 +28,18 @@ import { decrypt as decryptData } from '../serialization/encryption.js'; import { VM_SERDE_BUNDLE } from './vm-serde-bundle.generated.js'; /** - * Resolve the quickjs-wasi package directory. - * - * In ESM (direct dist/ usage, Turbopack, Nitro ESM), import.meta.url is - * available and we use createRequire. In CJS bundles (esbuild workflow - * builder), typeof require !== 'undefined' and we use it directly. - * - * require.resolve('quickjs-wasi') returns .../quickjs-wasi/dist/index.js - * so the package root is two directories up. - */ -const resolvePackage = - typeof require !== 'undefined' - ? require.resolve - : createRequire(import.meta.url).resolve; -const quickjsDir = dirname(dirname(resolvePackage('quickjs-wasi'))); - -/** - * Load the quickjs-wasi WASM binary and native C extension .so files - * eagerly at module load time. By reading the files ourselves (rather than - * importing quickjs-wasi/base64, quickjs-wasi/encoding, etc.), we avoid - * the import.meta.url resolution in those modules which breaks when - * bundlers convert ESM to CJS. + * Native C extensions for the QuickJS VM. These are loaded from + * quickjs-wasi subpath imports, which use import.meta.url internally + * to locate their .so files. This works because quickjs-wasi is + * externalized from the server bundle (Nitro/Next.js), so the + * original ESM modules run as-is with import.meta.url intact. */ -const quickjsWasm = readFileSync(join(quickjsDir, 'quickjs.wasm')); -const extensions: ExtensionDescriptor[] = [ - { - name: 'encoding', - wasm: readFileSync(join(quickjsDir, 'extensions/encoding/encoding.so')), - }, - { - name: 'base64', - wasm: readFileSync(join(quickjsDir, 'extensions/base64/base64.so')), - }, - { - name: 'headers', - wasm: readFileSync(join(quickjsDir, 'extensions/headers/headers.so')), - }, - { - name: 'url', - wasm: readFileSync(join(quickjsDir, 'extensions/url/url.so')), - }, - { - name: 'structured-clone', - wasm: readFileSync( - join(quickjsDir, 'extensions/structured-clone/structured-clone.so') - ), - initFn: 'qjs_ext_structured_clone_init', - }, +const extensions = [ + encodingExtension, + base64Extension, + headersExtension, + urlExtension, + structuredCloneExtension, ]; // ---- Types ---- @@ -494,7 +461,6 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( // ---- RESTORE from snapshot ---- const snapshot = QuickJS.deserializeSnapshot(existingSnapshot.data); vm = await QuickJS.restore(snapshot, { - wasm: quickjsWasm, // Use real time for Date.now() — determinism is handled by seeded Math.random memoryLimit: 256 * 1024 * 1024, interruptHandler: createInterruptHandler(), @@ -531,7 +497,6 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( } else { // ---- FIRST RUN ---- vm = await QuickJS.create({ - wasm: quickjsWasm, // Use real time for Date.now() — determinism is handled by seeded Math.random memoryLimit: 256 * 1024 * 1024, interruptHandler: createInterruptHandler(), From 522c26b338baf9dc8b4a03410c532b8a2d8d4a57 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 17:53:13 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 063/124] fix: embed quickjs-wasi binaries as base64 in generated JS MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Generate quickjs-assets.generated.ts at build time containing base64-encoded quickjs.wasm and extension .so files. Import the decoded buffers directly in snapshot-runtime.ts and pass to QuickJS.create()/restore(). This eliminates all runtime filesystem access, import.meta.url resolution, and require.resolve calls — it's just JavaScript importing JavaScript. Remove all quickjs-wasi externalizations from builders, nitro, and next since they're no longer needed. --- packages/builders/src/base-builder.ts | 14 +--- packages/core/.gitignore | 3 + packages/core/package.json | 2 +- packages/core/scripts/build-quickjs-assets.js | 73 +++++++++++++++++++ packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 27 ++----- packages/core/turbo.json | 7 +- packages/next/src/index.ts | 8 -- packages/nitro/src/index.ts | 10 +-- 8 files changed, 92 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-) create mode 100644 packages/core/scripts/build-quickjs-assets.js diff --git a/packages/builders/src/base-builder.ts b/packages/builders/src/base-builder.ts index 4b4d739290..e9e15a5ff3 100644 --- a/packages/builders/src/base-builder.ts +++ b/packages/builders/src/base-builder.ts @@ -504,13 +504,7 @@ export abstract class BaseBuilder { ], // Plugin should catch most things, but this lets users hard override // if the plugin misses anything that should be externalized - external: [ - 'bun', - 'bun:*', - 'quickjs-wasi', - 'quickjs-wasi/*', - ...(this.config.externalPackages || []), - ], + external: ['bun', 'bun:*', ...(this.config.externalPackages || [])], }); const stepsResult = await esbuildCtx.rebuild(); @@ -820,11 +814,7 @@ export const POST = workflowEntrypoint(workflowCode);`; write: true, keepNames: true, minify: false, - external: [ - '@aws-sdk/credential-provider-web-identity', - 'quickjs-wasi', - 'quickjs-wasi/*', - ], + external: ['@aws-sdk/credential-provider-web-identity'], }); this.logEsbuildMessages( diff --git a/packages/core/.gitignore b/packages/core/.gitignore index 7b6d0b4576..3cae7b51bf 100644 --- a/packages/core/.gitignore +++ b/packages/core/.gitignore @@ -1,2 +1,5 @@ # Auto-generated version file src/version.ts + +# Auto-generated quickjs-wasi binary assets (base64-encoded WASM + .so files) +src/runtime/quickjs-assets.generated.ts diff --git a/packages/core/package.json b/packages/core/package.json index c3b293668d..70b22ab6c7 100644 --- a/packages/core/package.json +++ b/packages/core/package.json @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ "./_workflow": "./dist/workflow/index.js" }, "scripts": { - "build": "genversion --es6 src/version.ts && node scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js && tsc", + "build": "genversion --es6 src/version.ts && node scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js && node scripts/build-quickjs-assets.js && tsc", "dev": "genversion --es6 src/version.ts && tsc --watch", "clean": "tsc --build --clean && rm -rf dist src/version.ts docs ||:", "test": "cross-env WORKFLOW_TARGET_WORLD=local vitest run src", diff --git a/packages/core/scripts/build-quickjs-assets.js b/packages/core/scripts/build-quickjs-assets.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..67764ccae5 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/scripts/build-quickjs-assets.js @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +/** + * Build script: generates quickjs-assets.generated.ts + * + * Reads the quickjs-wasi WASM binary and native C extension .so files, + * base64-encodes them, and writes a TypeScript module that exports the + * decoded Buffer/Uint8Array values. This embeds the binaries directly + * in JavaScript, bypassing all bundler/framework/deployment issues with + * import.meta.url, require.resolve, and file tracing. + */ + +import { readFileSync, writeFileSync } from 'fs'; +import { createRequire } from 'module'; +import { dirname, join, resolve } from 'path'; +import { fileURLToPath } from 'url'; + +const __dirname = dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)); +const srcDir = resolve(__dirname, '../src'); + +const require_ = createRequire(import.meta.url); +const quickjsDir = dirname(dirname(require_.resolve('quickjs-wasi'))); + +const files = { + quickjsWasm: join(quickjsDir, 'quickjs.wasm'), + encodingSo: join(quickjsDir, 'extensions/encoding/encoding.so'), + base64So: join(quickjsDir, 'extensions/base64/base64.so'), + headersSo: join(quickjsDir, 'extensions/headers/headers.so'), + urlSo: join(quickjsDir, 'extensions/url/url.so'), + structuredCloneSo: join( + quickjsDir, + 'extensions/structured-clone/structured-clone.so' + ), +}; + +let output = `/** + * Auto-generated by scripts/build-quickjs-assets.js + * Do not edit manually. + * + * Contains base64-encoded quickjs-wasi WASM binary and native C extension + * .so files. Decoded at import time so they can be passed directly to + * QuickJS.create() and QuickJS.restore() without any filesystem access, + * import.meta.url resolution, or require.resolve calls. + */ +import type { ExtensionDescriptor } from 'quickjs-wasi'; + +`; + +let totalSize = 0; + +for (const [name, filePath] of Object.entries(files)) { + const buf = readFileSync(filePath); + const b64 = buf.toString('base64'); + totalSize += buf.length; + output += `const ${name} = Buffer.from('${b64}', 'base64');\n\n`; +} + +output += `export { quickjsWasm };\n\n`; + +output += `export const quickjsExtensions: ExtensionDescriptor[] = [ + { name: 'encoding', wasm: encodingSo }, + { name: 'base64', wasm: base64So }, + { name: 'headers', wasm: headersSo }, + { name: 'url', wasm: urlSo }, + { name: 'structured-clone', wasm: structuredCloneSo, initFn: 'qjs_ext_structured_clone_init' }, +];\n`; + +const outPath = resolve(srcDir, 'runtime/quickjs-assets.generated.ts'); +writeFileSync(outPath, output); + +const sizeKB = (totalSize / 1024).toFixed(0); +const b64SizeKB = (Buffer.byteLength(output) / 1024).toFixed(0); +console.log( + `Generated quickjs-assets.generated.ts (${sizeKB} KB binary → ${b64SizeKB} KB base64)` +); diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 61faa696ca..631bc3daff 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -16,32 +16,13 @@ import type { Event, SnapshotMetadata, WorkflowRun } from '@workflow/world'; import * as nanoid from 'nanoid'; import { JSException, QuickJS } from 'quickjs-wasi'; -import { base64Extension } from 'quickjs-wasi/base64'; -import { encodingExtension } from 'quickjs-wasi/encoding'; -import { headersExtension } from 'quickjs-wasi/headers'; -import { structuredCloneExtension } from 'quickjs-wasi/structured-clone'; -import { urlExtension } from 'quickjs-wasi/url'; import seedrandom from 'seedrandom'; import type { CryptoKey } from '../encryption.js'; import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; import { decrypt as decryptData } from '../serialization/encryption.js'; +import { quickjsExtensions, quickjsWasm } from './quickjs-assets.generated.js'; import { VM_SERDE_BUNDLE } from './vm-serde-bundle.generated.js'; -/** - * Native C extensions for the QuickJS VM. These are loaded from - * quickjs-wasi subpath imports, which use import.meta.url internally - * to locate their .so files. This works because quickjs-wasi is - * externalized from the server bundle (Nitro/Next.js), so the - * original ESM modules run as-is with import.meta.url intact. - */ -const extensions = [ - encodingExtension, - base64Extension, - headersExtension, - urlExtension, - structuredCloneExtension, -]; - // ---- Types ---- export interface PendingStep { @@ -461,10 +442,11 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( // ---- RESTORE from snapshot ---- const snapshot = QuickJS.deserializeSnapshot(existingSnapshot.data); vm = await QuickJS.restore(snapshot, { + wasm: quickjsWasm, // Use real time for Date.now() — determinism is handled by seeded Math.random memoryLimit: 256 * 1024 * 1024, interruptHandler: createInterruptHandler(), - extensions, + extensions: quickjsExtensions, }); // Re-register host callbacks after restore. Host functions are stored @@ -497,10 +479,11 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( } else { // ---- FIRST RUN ---- vm = await QuickJS.create({ + wasm: quickjsWasm, // Use real time for Date.now() — determinism is handled by seeded Math.random memoryLimit: 256 * 1024 * 1024, interruptHandler: createInterruptHandler(), - extensions, + extensions: quickjsExtensions, }); // Seeded Math.random — host callback ID = baseId diff --git a/packages/core/turbo.json b/packages/core/turbo.json index e503fb6757..aa04cd0e81 100644 --- a/packages/core/turbo.json +++ b/packages/core/turbo.json @@ -3,7 +3,12 @@ "tasks": { "build": { "dependsOn": ["^build"], - "outputs": ["dist", "src/version.ts"] + "outputs": [ + "dist", + "src/version.ts", + "src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts", + "src/runtime/quickjs-assets.generated.ts" + ] } } } diff --git a/packages/next/src/index.ts b/packages/next/src/index.ts index 6e46a1940f..fdcd03a310 100644 --- a/packages/next/src/index.ts +++ b/packages/next/src/index.ts @@ -61,14 +61,6 @@ export function withWorkflow( // shallow clone to avoid read-only on top-level nextConfig = Object.assign({}, nextConfig); - // Externalize quickjs-wasi from the Next.js server bundle — it uses - // import.meta.url to locate WASM and native extension .so files, which - // breaks when bundled by webpack/turbopack. - nextConfig.serverExternalPackages = [ - ...(nextConfig.serverExternalPackages || []), - 'quickjs-wasi', - ]; - // configure the loader if turbopack is being used if (!nextConfig.turbopack) { nextConfig.turbopack = {}; diff --git a/packages/nitro/src/index.ts b/packages/nitro/src/index.ts index d125d1dd23..8590c7e5d2 100644 --- a/packages/nitro/src/index.ts +++ b/packages/nitro/src/index.ts @@ -34,16 +34,10 @@ export default { nitro.options.alias['debug'] ??= 'debug'; } - // Externalize quickjs-wasi — it uses import.meta.url to locate its - // WASM and native extension .so files, which breaks when bundled into CJS. - nitro.options.externals ||= {}; - nitro.options.externals.external ||= []; - nitro.options.externals.external.push( - (id) => id === 'quickjs-wasi' || id.startsWith('quickjs-wasi/') - ); - // NOTE: Externalize .nitro/workflow to prevent dev reloads if (nitro.options.dev) { + nitro.options.externals ||= {}; + nitro.options.externals.external ||= []; const outDir = join(nitro.options.buildDir, 'workflow'); nitro.options.externals.external.push((id) => id.startsWith(outDir)); } From 89521e560468004dfc7e6081a27ee055d705dfaf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 18:07:33 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 064/124] fix: align Response/Request builtin steps with this-binding approach Match the event-replay runtime's refactor (dcb0761) where builtin step functions use this instead of an explicit parameter. Assign useStep() proxies directly to Response/Request prototypes via Object.defineProperties so the this binding provides the instance, which gets serialized as thisVal by WORKFLOW_USE_STEP. --- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 52 ++++++------------- 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 631bc3daff..194588e130 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -219,11 +219,11 @@ globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_SLEEP")] = function(param) { }; // Response/Request polyfills — .json()/.text()/.arrayBuffer() are useStep -// proxies that execute on the host side (same pattern as workflow.ts). +// proxies that execute on the host side. The proxies are assigned directly +// to the prototypes so that 'this' (the Response/Request instance) is +// serialized as thisVal by WORKFLOW_USE_STEP, matching the event-replay +// runtime's approach (commit dcb0761). if (typeof Response === "undefined") { - var __resJson = globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")]("__builtin_response_json"); - var __resText = globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")]("__builtin_response_text"); - var __resArrayBuffer = globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")]("__builtin_response_array_buffer"); var __BODY_INIT = Symbol.for("BODY_INIT"); globalThis.Response = function(body, init) { @@ -247,35 +247,15 @@ if (typeof Response === "undefined") { Object.defineProperty(globalThis.Response.prototype, "bodyUsed", { get: function() { return false; } }); - // The builtin response methods serialize the Response object directly - // so that devalue's Response reducer fires and produces the correct - // type tag for the step handler's Response reviver (which creates a - // real native Response with .json()/.text() methods). - function __serializeResponseForStep(resp) { - return globalThis.__wdk_serialize({ - args: [resp], - }); - } - globalThis.Response.prototype.json = function() { - var cid = "step_" + globalThis.__generateUlid(); - var input = __serializeResponseForStep(this); - globalThis.__pending.push({ type: "step", correlationId: cid, stepId: "__builtin_response_json", input: input, hasCreatedEvent: false }); - return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { globalThis.__resolvers[cid] = { resolve: resolve, reject: reject }; }); - }; - globalThis.Response.prototype.text = function() { - var cid = "step_" + globalThis.__generateUlid(); - var input = __serializeResponseForStep(this); - globalThis.__pending.push({ type: "step", correlationId: cid, stepId: "__builtin_response_text", input: input, hasCreatedEvent: false }); - return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { globalThis.__resolvers[cid] = { resolve: resolve, reject: reject }; }); - }; - globalThis.Response.prototype.arrayBuffer = function() { - var cid = "step_" + globalThis.__generateUlid(); - var input = __serializeResponseForStep(this); - globalThis.__pending.push({ type: "step", correlationId: cid, stepId: "__builtin_response_array_buffer", input: input, hasCreatedEvent: false }); - return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { globalThis.__resolvers[cid] = { resolve: resolve, reject: reject }; }); - }; + // Assign useStep proxies directly — 'this' binding provides the + // Response instance, which gets serialized as thisVal by the proxy. + Object.defineProperties(globalThis.Response.prototype, { + arrayBuffer: { value: globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")]("__builtin_response_array_buffer"), writable: true, configurable: true }, + json: { value: globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")]("__builtin_response_json"), writable: true, configurable: true }, + text: { value: globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")]("__builtin_response_text"), writable: true, configurable: true }, + }); globalThis.Response.prototype.bytes = function() { - return __resArrayBuffer(this).then(function(buf) { return new Uint8Array(buf); }); + return this.arrayBuffer().then(function(buf) { return new Uint8Array(buf); }); }; globalThis.Response.prototype.clone = function() { var r = Object.create(globalThis.Response.prototype); @@ -310,9 +290,11 @@ if (typeof Request === "undefined") { Object.defineProperty(globalThis.Request.prototype, "bodyUsed", { get: function() { return false; } }); - globalThis.Request.prototype.json = function() { return __resJson(this); }; - globalThis.Request.prototype.text = function() { return __resText(this); }; - globalThis.Request.prototype.arrayBuffer = function() { return __resArrayBuffer(this); }; + Object.defineProperties(globalThis.Request.prototype, { + arrayBuffer: { value: globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")]("__builtin_response_array_buffer"), writable: true, configurable: true }, + json: { value: globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")]("__builtin_response_json"), writable: true, configurable: true }, + text: { value: globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")]("__builtin_response_text"), writable: true, configurable: true }, + }); } // createHook — returns a Hook object that is both a Thenable and AsyncIterable. From c4ad32aede17bde38b0e9d0fb274ec845a7d76d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 22:41:21 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 065/124] debug: log serialization format prefix for run input and step results Temporary debug logging to identify the serialization format that the VM serde deserializer fails on in Vercel deployments. --- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 9 +++++++++ 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 194588e130..350c7bc1d6 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -512,6 +512,10 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( runInput, options.encryptionKey )) as Uint8Array; + runtimeLogger.debug('Snapshot runtime: run input format', { + prefix: new TextDecoder().decode(decryptedInput.subarray(0, 4)), + byteLength: decryptedInput.byteLength, + }); const inputHandle = vm.newUint8Array(decryptedInput); vm.setProp(vm.global, '__wdk_input', inputHandle); inputHandle.dispose(); @@ -611,6 +615,11 @@ async function processEvents( rawOutput, encryptionKey )) as Uint8Array; + runtimeLogger.debug('Snapshot runtime: step result format', { + correlationId: escapedCid, + prefix: new TextDecoder().decode(decryptedOutput.subarray(0, 4)), + byteLength: decryptedOutput.byteLength, + }); const bytesHandle = vm.newUint8Array(decryptedOutput); vm.setProp(vm.global, '__tmp_result', bytesHandle); bytesHandle.dispose(); From 535add39eb81c9e8390bd1db541ac3d2e9a0c208 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 22:50:02 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 066/124] debug: add granular logging for step result data format on Vercel Log raw prefix, byte length, and Buffer status before decryption, plus decrypted prefix after. Also log when step results are non-binary (which would indicate CBOR transport already deserialized them). --- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 15 ++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 350c7bc1d6..08ae46098b 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -611,11 +611,17 @@ async function processEvents( if (hasResolver) { if (rawOutput instanceof Uint8Array) { // Decrypt if encrypted — the VM only understands 'devl' format + runtimeLogger.debug('Snapshot runtime: step result raw', { + correlationId: escapedCid, + rawPrefix: new TextDecoder().decode(rawOutput.subarray(0, 4)), + rawByteLength: rawOutput.byteLength, + isBuffer: Buffer.isBuffer(rawOutput), + }); const decryptedOutput = (await decryptData( rawOutput, encryptionKey )) as Uint8Array; - runtimeLogger.debug('Snapshot runtime: step result format', { + runtimeLogger.debug('Snapshot runtime: step result decrypted', { correlationId: escapedCid, prefix: new TextDecoder().decode(decryptedOutput.subarray(0, 4)), byteLength: decryptedOutput.byteLength, @@ -629,6 +635,13 @@ async function processEvents( `delete globalThis.__tmp_result;` ).dispose(); } else { + runtimeLogger.debug('Snapshot runtime: step result non-binary', { + correlationId: escapedCid, + type: typeof rawOutput, + isNull: rawOutput === null, + isUndefined: rawOutput === undefined, + constructor: rawOutput?.constructor?.name, + }); const serialized = rawOutput !== undefined ? JSON.stringify(rawOutput) : 'undefined'; vm.evalCode( From 059a52e22c29c17eadd79ed01c21aef6d971fb19 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 22:55:12 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 067/124] debug: add hook_received processing logs for Vercel CI diagnosis Log correlationId, eventId, hasResolver, payload type and keys for each hook_received event to identify why hooks aren't resolving on Vercel deployments. --- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 18 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 08ae46098b..3bf581dde0 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -735,6 +735,13 @@ async function processEvents( ) : false; if (alreadyProcessed) { + runtimeLogger.debug( + 'Snapshot runtime: hook_received already processed', + { + correlationId: cid, + eventId: event.eventId, + } + ); markCreated(vm, escapedCid); break; } @@ -742,6 +749,17 @@ async function processEvents( vm.evalCode(`!!globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"]`) ); const rawPayload = eventData?.payload ?? eventData?.result; + runtimeLogger.debug('Snapshot runtime: processing hook_received', { + correlationId: cid, + eventId: event.eventId, + hasResolver, + payloadType: typeof rawPayload, + payloadIsUint8Array: rawPayload instanceof Uint8Array, + payloadKeys: + rawPayload && typeof rawPayload === 'object' + ? Object.keys(rawPayload) + : undefined, + }); if (hasResolver) { if (rawPayload instanceof Uint8Array) { const bytesHandle = vm.newUint8Array(rawPayload); From e3d7e92fcc4c4678b4e1260334d3003d5b2bc799 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 23:02:53 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 068/124] fix: decrypt hook_received payloads before passing to snapshot VM Hook payloads are serialized with devalue + encryption (via dehydrateStepReturnValue in resumeHook), so they arrive as encrypted Uint8Array with 'encr' prefix on Vercel. The hook_received handler was passing them directly to the VM's __wdk_deserialize without decrypting first, causing 'Unsupported serialization format' errors. Add decryptData() calls in both the resolver and buffer paths, matching the step_completed handler. --- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 14 ++++++++++++-- 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 3bf581dde0..63ebd996a8 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -762,7 +762,12 @@ async function processEvents( }); if (hasResolver) { if (rawPayload instanceof Uint8Array) { - const bytesHandle = vm.newUint8Array(rawPayload); + // Decrypt if encrypted — the VM only understands 'devl' format + const decryptedPayload = (await decryptData( + rawPayload, + encryptionKey + )) as Uint8Array; + const bytesHandle = vm.newUint8Array(decryptedPayload); vm.setProp(vm.global, '__tmp_result', bytesHandle); bytesHandle.dispose(); vm.evalCode( @@ -809,7 +814,12 @@ async function processEvents( ? `(globalThis.__hookPayloadBuffer.__processedEventIds = globalThis.__hookPayloadBuffer.__processedEventIds || {})[${eventIdJs}] = true;` : ''); if (rawPayload instanceof Uint8Array) { - const bytesHandle = vm.newUint8Array(rawPayload); + // Decrypt if encrypted — the VM only understands 'devl' format + const decryptedPayload = (await decryptData( + rawPayload, + encryptionKey + )) as Uint8Array; + const bytesHandle = vm.newUint8Array(decryptedPayload); vm.setProp(vm.global, '__tmp_result', bytesHandle); bytesHandle.dispose(); vm.evalCode( From 0429c5369c72f5a61f73a0d763a630e8ea27e8ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 20:26:31 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 069/124] Add serialization module foundation: types, codec interface, format prefix MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Start of the serialization refactor (separate from snapshot-runtime). New files: - serialization/types.ts — SerializationFormat enum, SerializableSpecial interface, Reducers/Revivers types - serialization/codec.ts — Codec interface with formatPrefix, serialize, deserialize, and optional deserializeLegacy - serialization/format.ts — Format prefix encode/decode/peek, moved from the monolithic serialization.ts The Codec interface enables future alternative formats (CBOR, JSON) while keeping the devalue implementation as the current default. --- packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts | 43 ++++++++ packages/core/src/serialization/format.ts | 118 ++++++++++++++++++++++ packages/core/src/serialization/types.ts | 92 +++++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 253 insertions(+) create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/format.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/types.ts diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5c432ebb40 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +/** + * Codec interface for serialization formats. + * + * A codec handles the core serialize/deserialize logic for a specific + * wire format (devalue, CBOR, JSON, etc.). The format prefix, encryption, + * and mode-specific reducers/revivers are handled at a higher layer. + */ + +import type { Reducers, Revivers, SerializationFormatType } from './types.js'; + +export interface Codec { + /** The 4-character format prefix identifier (e.g. "devl", "cbor", "json") */ + readonly formatPrefix: SerializationFormatType; + + /** + * Serialize a value to bytes using the given reducers for custom types. + * + * @param value - The value to serialize + * @param reducers - Type-specific reducers (e.g. Date → ISO string) + * @returns The serialized payload (without format prefix — that's added by the format layer) + */ + serialize(value: unknown, reducers: Partial): Uint8Array; + + /** + * Deserialize bytes back to a value using the given revivers for custom types. + * + * @param data - The serialized payload (without format prefix) + * @param revivers - Type-specific revivers (e.g. ISO string → Date) + * @returns The deserialized value + */ + deserialize(data: Uint8Array, revivers: Partial): unknown; + + /** + * Deserialize legacy (pre-format-prefix) data. + * Used for backwards compatibility with specVersion 1 runs that stored + * data as plain JSON arrays instead of binary. + * + * @param data - The legacy data (typically a JSON array from devalue's unflatten format) + * @param revivers - Type-specific revivers + * @returns The deserialized value + */ + deserializeLegacy?(data: unknown, revivers: Partial): unknown; +} diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/format.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/format.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..da2cb5d70f --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/format.ts @@ -0,0 +1,118 @@ +/** + * Format prefix system for serialized payloads. + * + * All serialized payloads are prefixed with a 4-byte format identifier that + * allows the deserializer to determine how to decode the payload. This enables: + * + * 1. Self-describing payloads — the World layer is agnostic to serialization format + * 2. Gradual migration — old runs keep working, new runs can use new formats + * 3. Composability — encryption can wrap any format ("encr" wrapping "devl") + * 4. Debugging — raw data inspection immediately reveals the format + * + * Format: [4 bytes: format identifier][payload] + */ + +import { WorkflowRuntimeError } from '@workflow/errors'; +import { SerializationFormat, type SerializationFormatType } from './types.js'; + +/** Length of the format prefix in bytes */ +const FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH = 4; + +const formatEncoder = new TextEncoder(); +const formatDecoder = new TextDecoder(); + +/** + * Encode a payload with a format prefix. + * + * @param format - The format identifier (must be exactly 4 ASCII characters) + * @param payload - The serialized payload bytes + * @returns A new Uint8Array with format prefix prepended + */ +export function encodeWithFormatPrefix( + format: SerializationFormatType, + payload: Uint8Array | unknown +): Uint8Array | unknown { + if (!(payload instanceof Uint8Array)) { + return payload; + } + + const prefixBytes = formatEncoder.encode(format); + if (prefixBytes.length !== FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH) { + throw new Error( + `Format identifier must be exactly ${FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH} ASCII characters, got "${format}" (${prefixBytes.length} bytes)` + ); + } + + const result = new Uint8Array(FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH + payload.length); + result.set(prefixBytes, 0); + result.set(payload, FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH); + return result; +} + +/** + * Peek at the format prefix without consuming it. + * + * @param data - The format-prefixed data + * @returns The format identifier, or null if data is legacy/non-binary + */ +export function peekFormatPrefix( + data: Uint8Array | unknown +): SerializationFormatType | null { + if (!(data instanceof Uint8Array) || data.length < FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH) { + return null; + } + const prefixBytes = data.subarray(0, FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH); + const format = formatDecoder.decode(prefixBytes); + const knownFormats = Object.values(SerializationFormat) as string[]; + if (!knownFormats.includes(format)) { + return null; + } + return format as SerializationFormatType; +} + +/** + * Check if data is encrypted (has 'encr' format prefix). + */ +export function isEncrypted(data: Uint8Array | unknown): boolean { + return peekFormatPrefix(data) === SerializationFormat.ENCRYPTED; +} + +/** + * Decode a format-prefixed payload. + * + * @param data - The format-prefixed data + * @returns An object with the format identifier and payload + * @throws Error if the data is too short or has an unknown format + */ +export function decodeFormatPrefix(data: Uint8Array | unknown): { + format: SerializationFormatType; + payload: Uint8Array; +} { + // Compat for legacy specVersion 1 runs that don't have a format prefix, + // and don't have a binary payload + if (!(data instanceof Uint8Array)) { + return { + format: SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, + payload: new TextEncoder().encode(JSON.stringify(data)), + }; + } + + if (data.length < FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH) { + throw new Error( + `Data too short to contain format prefix: expected at least ${FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH} bytes, got ${data.length}` + ); + } + + const prefixBytes = data.subarray(0, FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH); + const format = formatDecoder.decode(prefixBytes); + + const knownFormats = Object.values(SerializationFormat) as string[]; + if (!knownFormats.includes(format)) { + throw new WorkflowRuntimeError( + `Unknown serialization format: "${format}". Known formats: ${knownFormats.join(', ')}` + ); + } + + const payload = data.subarray(FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH); + return { format: format as SerializationFormatType, payload }; +} diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/types.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/types.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c12c5a2cf3 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/types.ts @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +/** + * Shared types for the serialization system. + */ + +/** + * Known serialization format identifiers. + * Each format ID is exactly 4 ASCII characters, matching the convention + * used for other workflow IDs (wrun, step, wait, etc.) + */ +export const SerializationFormat = { + /** devalue stringify/parse with TextEncoder/TextDecoder */ + DEVALUE_V1: 'devl', + /** Encrypted payload (inner payload has its own format prefix) */ + ENCRYPTED: 'encr', + // Future formats (reserved): + // JSON: 'json', // JSON serialization (Python runtime compat) + // CBOR: 'cbor', // CBOR binary serialization +} as const; + +export type SerializationFormatType = + (typeof SerializationFormat)[keyof typeof SerializationFormat]; + +/** + * Types that need specialized handling when serialized/deserialized. + * If a type is added here, it MUST also be added to the `Serializable` + * type in `schemas.ts`. + */ +export interface SerializableSpecial { + ArrayBuffer: string; // base64 string + BigInt: string; // string representation of bigint + BigInt64Array: string; // base64 string + BigUint64Array: string; // base64 string + Date: string; // ISO string + Float32Array: string; // base64 string + Float64Array: string; // base64 string + Error: Record; + Headers: [string, string][]; + Int8Array: string; // base64 string + Int16Array: string; // base64 string + Int32Array: string; // base64 string + Map: [any, any][]; + ReadableStream: + | { name: string; type?: 'bytes'; startIndex?: number } + | { bodyInit: any }; + RegExp: { source: string; flags: string }; + Request: { + method: string; + url: string; + headers: Headers; + body: Request['body']; + duplex: Request['duplex']; + responseWritable?: WritableStream; + }; + Response: { + type: Response['type']; + url: string; + status: number; + statusText: string; + headers: Headers; + body: Response['body']; + redirected: boolean; + }; + Class: { + classId: string; + }; + Instance: { + classId: string; + data: unknown; + }; + Set: any[]; + StepFunction: { + stepId: string; + closureVars?: Record; + }; + URL: string; + URLSearchParams: string; + Uint8Array: string; // base64 string + Uint8ClampedArray: string; // base64 string + Uint16Array: string; // base64 string + Uint32Array: string; // base64 string + WritableStream: { name: string }; +} + +export type Reducers = { + [K in keyof SerializableSpecial]: ( + value: any + ) => SerializableSpecial[K] | false; +}; + +export type Revivers = { + [K in keyof SerializableSpecial]: (value: SerializableSpecial[K]) => any; +}; From 9702141c590eca8c32f0c7c4d1a2fcbc1d97dfb6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 22:57:44 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 070/124] Add reducers, devalue codec, encryption, and mode-specific modules MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Serialization refactor Phase 1: create the new module structure alongside the existing monolithic serialization.ts (which continues to work). New files: - serialization/reducers/common.ts — Date, Error, Map, Set, URL, BigInt, typed arrays, Headers, Request, Response, RegExp, URLSearchParams - serialization/reducers/class.ts — Class/Instance with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/ DESERIALIZE support - serialization/reducers/step-function.ts — StepFunction with closure vars - serialization/codec-devalue.ts — devalue Codec implementation - serialization/encryption.ts — composable encrypt/decrypt layer - serialization/workflow.ts — synchronous, no encryption, for VM use - serialization/step.ts — async with encryption, for step handler - serialization/client.ts — async with encryption, for start() API - serialization/index.ts — re-exports all public API - serialization/serialization.test.ts — 25 focused tests All modes compose their reducer/reviver sets from the shared building blocks. Cross-mode compatibility verified: data serialized in any mode can be deserialized in any other mode (for common types). Existing 108 serialization tests continue to pass unchanged. --- packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts | 131 +++++++++ .../core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts | 47 ++++ packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts | 65 +++++ packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts | 53 ++++ .../core/src/serialization/reducers/class.ts | 84 ++++++ .../core/src/serialization/reducers/common.ts | 191 +++++++++++++ .../serialization/reducers/step-function.ts | 70 +++++ .../src/serialization/serialization.test.ts | 254 ++++++++++++++++++ packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts | 127 +++++++++ packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts | 127 +++++++++ 10 files changed, 1149 insertions(+) create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/class.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/step-function.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/serialization.test.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5d07bbb715 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts @@ -0,0 +1,131 @@ +/** + * Client (external) mode serialization. + * + * Used when starting workflows from the client side (serializing workflow + * arguments) and when receiving workflow return values. Supports encryption. + */ + +import { WorkflowRuntimeError } from '@workflow/errors'; +import { DevalueError } from 'devalue'; +import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; +import { devalueCodec } from './codec-devalue.js'; +import { + encrypt as encryptData, + decrypt as decryptData, + type CryptoKey, +} from './encryption.js'; +import { decodeFormatPrefix, encodeWithFormatPrefix } from './format.js'; +import { getClassReducers, getClassRevivers } from './reducers/class.js'; +import { getCommonReducers, getCommonRevivers } from './reducers/common.js'; +import { SerializationFormat, type Reducers, type Revivers } from './types.js'; + +// ---- Reducer/Reviver composition ---- + +function getClientReducers( + global: Record = globalThis +): Partial { + return { + ...getCommonReducers(global), + ...getClassReducers(), + // Note: Stream reducers for client mode need additional parameters + // (ops, runId, cryptoKey). These are composed at call sites that + // need stream support. + }; +} + +function getClientRevivers( + global: Record = globalThis +): Partial { + return { + ...getCommonRevivers(global), + ...getClassRevivers(global), + // StepFunction reviver throws in client context — step functions + // should not be returned from workflows to clients. + StepFunction: () => { + throw new Error( + 'Step functions cannot be deserialized in client context. Step functions should not be returned from workflows.' + ); + }, + }; +} + +// ---- Public API ---- + +/** + * Serialize a value from the client environment (e.g. workflow arguments). + * + * @param value - The value to serialize + * @param encryptionKey - Optional encryption key + * @returns Format-prefixed (and optionally encrypted) serialized bytes + */ +export async function serialize( + value: unknown, + encryptionKey?: CryptoKey +): Promise { + try { + const payload = devalueCodec.serialize(value, getClientReducers()); + const prefixed = encodeWithFormatPrefix( + SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, + payload + ) as Uint8Array; + return encryptData(prefixed, encryptionKey); + } catch (error) { + throw new WorkflowRuntimeError( + formatSerializationError('client value', error), + { slug: 'serialization-failed', cause: error } + ); + } +} + +/** + * Deserialize a value for the client environment (e.g. workflow return value). + * + * @param data - Format-prefixed (and optionally encrypted) serialized bytes + * @param encryptionKey - Optional encryption key + * @returns The deserialized value + */ +export async function deserialize( + data: Uint8Array | unknown, + encryptionKey?: CryptoKey +): Promise { + const decrypted = await decryptData(data, encryptionKey); + + // Legacy specVersion 1: data is not binary + if (!(decrypted instanceof Uint8Array)) { + if (devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy) { + return devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy(decrypted, getClientRevivers()); + } + throw new Error( + 'Cannot deserialize non-binary data without legacy support' + ); + } + + const { format, payload } = decodeFormatPrefix(decrypted); + + if (format === SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1) { + return devalueCodec.deserialize(payload, getClientRevivers()); + } + + throw new Error(`Unsupported serialization format: ${format}`); +} + +// ---- Helpers ---- + +function formatSerializationError(context: string, error: unknown): string { + const verb = context.includes('return value') ? 'returning' : 'passing'; + + let message = `Failed to serialize ${context}`; + if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.path) { + message += ` at path "${error.path}"`; + } + message += `. Ensure you're ${verb} serializable types (plain objects, arrays, primitives, Date, RegExp, Map, Set).`; + + if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.value !== undefined) { + runtimeLogger.error('Serialization failed', { + context, + problematicValue: error.value, + }); + } + + return message; +} diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6940e3831d --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +/** + * Devalue codec implementation. + * + * Uses the `devalue` library for serialization with custom reducers/revivers + * for Workflow DevKit types (Date, Error, Map, Set, typed arrays, classes, etc.). + */ + +import { parse, stringify, unflatten } from 'devalue'; +import { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; +import type { Codec } from './codec.js'; +import type { Reducers, Revivers } from './types.js'; + +const encoder = new TextEncoder(); +const decoder = new TextDecoder(); + +/** + * The devalue codec. Serializes values to a UTF-8 encoded string using + * devalue's `stringify()` and deserializes using `parse()`. + * + * Custom types are handled via reducers (serialize) and revivers (deserialize) + * which are composed by the mode-specific modules (workflow, step, client). + */ +export const devalueCodec: Codec = { + formatPrefix: SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, + + serialize(value: unknown, reducers: Partial): Uint8Array { + const str = stringify( + value, + reducers as Record any> + ); + return encoder.encode(str); + }, + + deserialize(data: Uint8Array, revivers: Partial): unknown { + const str = decoder.decode(data); + return parse(str, revivers as Record any>); + }, + + deserializeLegacy(data: unknown, revivers: Partial): unknown { + // Legacy specVersion 1 runs stored data as plain JSON arrays + // (devalue's unflatten format, not binary) + return unflatten( + data as any[], + revivers as Record any> + ); + }, +}; diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b4381e3a97 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +/** + * Composable encryption layer for serialized data. + * + * Wraps/unwraps serialized payloads with AES-256-GCM encryption, + * using the format prefix system to mark encrypted data. + */ + +import { + decrypt as aesGcmDecrypt, + encrypt as aesGcmEncrypt, + type CryptoKey, +} from '../encryption.js'; +import { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; +import { + decodeFormatPrefix, + encodeWithFormatPrefix, + peekFormatPrefix, +} from './format.js'; + +export type { CryptoKey }; + +/** + * Encryption key parameter type. Accepts a resolved key, undefined (no encryption), + * or a promise that resolves to either. + */ +export type EncryptionKeyParam = + | CryptoKey + | undefined + | Promise; + +/** + * Encrypt a format-prefixed payload if a key is provided. + * Wraps the data with the 'encr' format prefix. + * + * @param data - The format-prefixed serialized data + * @param key - Encryption key (undefined to skip encryption) + * @returns The encrypted data with 'encr' prefix, or the original data if no key + */ +export async function encrypt( + data: Uint8Array | unknown, + key: CryptoKey | undefined +): Promise { + if (!key || !(data instanceof Uint8Array)) return data; + const encrypted = await aesGcmEncrypt(key, data); + return encodeWithFormatPrefix(SerializationFormat.ENCRYPTED, encrypted); +} + +/** + * Decrypt a format-prefixed payload if it's encrypted. + * Strips the 'encr' format prefix and decrypts the inner payload. + * + * @param data - The potentially encrypted data + * @param key - Encryption key (undefined to skip decryption) + * @returns The decrypted inner payload, or the original data if not encrypted + */ +export async function decrypt( + data: Uint8Array | unknown, + key: CryptoKey | undefined +): Promise { + if (!key || !(data instanceof Uint8Array)) return data; + if (peekFormatPrefix(data) !== SerializationFormat.ENCRYPTED) return data; + + const { payload } = decodeFormatPrefix(data); + return aesGcmDecrypt(key, payload); +} diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2378e04c71 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +/** + * Serialization module — public API. + * + * Re-exports the mode-specific serialize/deserialize functions and + * provides backwards-compatible aliases for the legacy function names. + */ + +// Re-export types +export type { + SerializationFormatType, + SerializableSpecial, + Reducers, + Revivers, +} from './types.js'; +export { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; + +// Re-export format prefix utilities +export { + encodeWithFormatPrefix, + decodeFormatPrefix, + peekFormatPrefix, + isEncrypted, +} from './format.js'; + +// Re-export codec +export type { Codec } from './codec.js'; +export { devalueCodec } from './codec-devalue.js'; + +// Re-export encryption +export { + encrypt, + decrypt, + type CryptoKey, + type EncryptionKeyParam, +} from './encryption.js'; + +// Re-export mode-specific modules as namespaces +import * as workflow from './workflow.js'; +import * as step from './step.js'; +import * as client from './client.js'; +export { workflow, step, client }; + +// Re-export reducers for direct composition (used by stream framing, etc.) +export { + getCommonReducers, + getCommonRevivers, + revive, +} from './reducers/common.js'; +export { getClassReducers, getClassRevivers } from './reducers/class.js'; +export { + getStepFunctionReducer, + getStepFunctionReviver, +} from './reducers/step-function.js'; diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/class.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/class.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8a22bc03b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/class.ts @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +/** + * Reducers and revivers for custom class serialization. + * + * Handles: + * - Class: class constructors with a `classId` property + * - Instance: instances of classes with custom WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/DESERIALIZE methods + */ + +import { WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE, WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE } from '@workflow/serde'; +import { getSerializationClass } from '../../class-serialization.js'; +import type { Reducers, Revivers } from '../types.js'; + +// ---- Reducers ---- + +export function getClassReducers(): Partial { + return { + // Class and Instance are intentionally placed before Error so that + // custom Error subclasses with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE take precedence + // over the generic Error serialization (devalue uses first-match-wins). + Class: (value) => { + if (typeof value !== 'function') return false; + const classId = (value as any).classId; + if (typeof classId !== 'string') return false; + return { classId }; + }, + Instance: (value) => { + if (value === null || typeof value !== 'object') return false; + const cls = value.constructor; + if (!cls || typeof cls !== 'function') return false; + + const serialize = cls[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE]; + if (typeof serialize !== 'function') return false; + + const classId = cls.classId; + if (typeof classId !== 'string') { + throw new Error( + `Class "${cls.name}" with ${String(WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE)} must have a static "classId" property.` + ); + } + + const data = serialize.call(cls, value); + return { classId, data }; + }, + }; +} + +// ---- Revivers ---- + +export function getClassRevivers( + global: Record = globalThis +): Partial { + return { + Class: (value) => { + const classId = value.classId; + const cls = getSerializationClass(classId, global); + if (!cls) { + throw new Error( + `Class "${classId}" not found. Make sure the class is registered with registerSerializationClass.` + ); + } + return cls; + }, + Instance: (value) => { + const classId = value.classId; + const data = value.data; + + const cls = getSerializationClass(classId, global); + if (!cls) { + throw new Error( + `Class "${classId}" not found. Make sure the class is registered with registerSerializationClass.` + ); + } + + const deserialize = (cls as any)[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]; + if (typeof deserialize !== 'function') { + throw new Error( + `Class "${classId}" does not have a static ${String(WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE)} method.` + ); + } + + return deserialize.call(cls, data); + }, + }; +} diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f90692c9b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common.ts @@ -0,0 +1,191 @@ +/** + * Common reducers and revivers for types shared across all serialization modes. + * + * Handles: ArrayBuffer, BigInt, typed arrays, Date, Error, Headers, Map, Set, + * RegExp, Request, Response, URL, URLSearchParams. + * + * Note: Uses Node.js Buffer for base64 encoding/decoding. For environments + * without Buffer (e.g. QuickJS VM), a polyfill or alternative base64 + * implementation will be needed. + */ + +import { types } from 'node:util'; +import { WEBHOOK_RESPONSE_WRITABLE } from '../../symbols.js'; +import type { Reducers, Revivers, SerializableSpecial } from '../types.js'; + +// ---- Base64 helpers ---- + +function arrayBufferToBase64( + value: ArrayBufferLike, + offset: number, + length: number +): string { + // Avoid returning falsy value for zero-length buffers + if (length === 0) return '.'; + // Create a proper copy to avoid ArrayBuffer detachment issues + const uint8 = new Uint8Array(value, offset, length); + return Buffer.from(uint8).toString('base64'); +} + +function viewToBase64(value: ArrayBufferView): string { + return arrayBufferToBase64(value.buffer, value.byteOffset, value.byteLength); +} + +function reviveArrayBuffer( + value: string, + global: Record +): ArrayBuffer { + const base64 = value === '.' ? '' : value; + const buffer = Buffer.from(base64, 'base64'); + const arrayBuffer = new global.ArrayBuffer(buffer.length); + const uint8Array = new global.Uint8Array(arrayBuffer); + uint8Array.set(buffer); + return arrayBuffer; +} + +function revive(str: string) { + // biome-ignore lint/security/noGlobalEval: Eval is safe here - we are only passing value from `devalue.stringify()` + // biome-ignore lint/complexity/noCommaOperator: This is how you do global scope eval + return (0, eval)(`(${str})`); +} + +// ---- Reducers ---- + +export function getCommonReducers( + global: Record = globalThis +): Partial { + return { + ArrayBuffer: (value) => + value instanceof global.ArrayBuffer && + arrayBufferToBase64(value, 0, value.byteLength), + BigInt: (value) => typeof value === 'bigint' && value.toString(), + BigInt64Array: (value) => + value instanceof global.BigInt64Array && viewToBase64(value), + BigUint64Array: (value) => + value instanceof global.BigUint64Array && viewToBase64(value), + Date: (value) => { + if (!(value instanceof global.Date)) return false; + const valid = !Number.isNaN(value.getDate()); + return valid ? value.toISOString() : '.'; + }, + Error: (value) => { + // Use types.isNativeError() instead of `instanceof global.Error` + // because errors may originate from a different VM context. + if (!types.isNativeError(value)) return false; + return { + name: value.name, + message: value.message, + stack: value.stack, + }; + }, + Float32Array: (value) => + value instanceof global.Float32Array && viewToBase64(value), + Float64Array: (value) => + value instanceof global.Float64Array && viewToBase64(value), + Headers: (value) => value instanceof global.Headers && Array.from(value), + Int8Array: (value) => + value instanceof global.Int8Array && viewToBase64(value), + Int16Array: (value) => + value instanceof global.Int16Array && viewToBase64(value), + Int32Array: (value) => + value instanceof global.Int32Array && viewToBase64(value), + Map: (value) => value instanceof global.Map && Array.from(value), + RegExp: (value) => + value instanceof global.RegExp && { + source: value.source, + flags: value.flags, + }, + Request: (value) => { + if (!(value instanceof global.Request)) return false; + const data: SerializableSpecial['Request'] = { + method: value.method, + url: value.url, + headers: value.headers, + body: value.body, + duplex: value.duplex, + }; + const responseWritable = value[WEBHOOK_RESPONSE_WRITABLE]; + if (responseWritable) { + data.responseWritable = responseWritable; + } + return data; + }, + Response: (value) => { + if (!(value instanceof global.Response)) return false; + return { + type: value.type, + url: value.url, + status: value.status, + statusText: value.statusText, + headers: value.headers, + body: value.body, + redirected: value.redirected, + }; + }, + Set: (value) => value instanceof global.Set && Array.from(value), + URL: (value) => value instanceof global.URL && value.href, + URLSearchParams: (value) => { + if (!(value instanceof global.URLSearchParams)) return false; + if (value.size === 0) return '.'; + return String(value); + }, + Uint8Array: (value) => + value instanceof global.Uint8Array && viewToBase64(value), + Uint8ClampedArray: (value) => + value instanceof global.Uint8ClampedArray && viewToBase64(value), + Uint16Array: (value) => + value instanceof global.Uint16Array && viewToBase64(value), + Uint32Array: (value) => + value instanceof global.Uint32Array && viewToBase64(value), + }; +} + +// ---- Revivers ---- + +export function getCommonRevivers( + global: Record = globalThis +): Partial { + return { + ArrayBuffer: (value: string) => reviveArrayBuffer(value, global), + BigInt: (value: string) => global.BigInt(value), + BigInt64Array: (value: string) => + new global.BigInt64Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value, global)), + BigUint64Array: (value: string) => + new global.BigUint64Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value, global)), + Date: (value) => new global.Date(value), + Error: (value) => { + const error = new global.Error(value.message); + error.name = value.name; + error.stack = value.stack; + return error; + }, + Float32Array: (value: string) => + new global.Float32Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value, global)), + Float64Array: (value: string) => + new global.Float64Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value, global)), + Headers: (value) => new global.Headers(value), + Int8Array: (value: string) => + new global.Int8Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value, global)), + Int16Array: (value: string) => + new global.Int16Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value, global)), + Int32Array: (value: string) => + new global.Int32Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value, global)), + Map: (value) => new global.Map(value), + RegExp: (value) => new global.RegExp(value.source, value.flags), + Set: (value) => new global.Set(value), + URL: (value) => new global.URL(value), + URLSearchParams: (value) => + new global.URLSearchParams(value === '.' ? '' : value), + Uint8Array: (value: string) => + new global.Uint8Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value, global)), + Uint8ClampedArray: (value: string) => + new global.Uint8ClampedArray(reviveArrayBuffer(value, global)), + Uint16Array: (value: string) => + new global.Uint16Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value, global)), + Uint32Array: (value: string) => + new global.Uint32Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value, global)), + }; +} + +// Re-export for use in legacy compat +export { revive }; diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/step-function.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/step-function.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8b2f521ed1 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/step-function.ts @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +/** + * Reducer and reviver for step function references. + * + * In workflow mode, step functions are replaced by the SWC plugin with + * proxies created by `globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")]("stepId")`. + * These proxies have a `.stepId` property and optionally a `.__closureVarsFn` + * for captured closure variables. + * + * The reducer serializes them as `{ stepId, closureVars? }`. + * The reviver reconstructs them by calling WORKFLOW_USE_STEP. + */ + +import type { Reducers, Revivers } from '../types.js'; + +// ---- Reducer ---- + +export function getStepFunctionReducer(): Partial { + return { + StepFunction: (value) => { + if (typeof value !== 'function') return false; + const stepId = (value as any).stepId; + if (typeof stepId !== 'string') return false; + + const closureVarsFn = (value as any).__closureVarsFn; + if (closureVarsFn && typeof closureVarsFn === 'function') { + const closureVars = closureVarsFn(); + return { stepId, closureVars }; + } + + return { stepId }; + }, + }; +} + +// ---- Reviver ---- + +/** + * Create the StepFunction reviver for workflow context. + * + * The reviver calls WORKFLOW_USE_STEP to create the step proxy, + * restoring the ability to call the step from workflow code. + */ +export function getStepFunctionReviver( + global: Record = globalThis +): Partial { + const useStep = (global as any)[Symbol.for('WORKFLOW_USE_STEP')] as + | (( + stepId: string, + closureVarsFn?: () => Record + ) => (...args: unknown[]) => Promise) + | undefined; + + return { + StepFunction: (value) => { + const stepId = value.stepId; + const closureVars = value.closureVars; + + if (!useStep) { + throw new Error( + 'WORKFLOW_USE_STEP not found on global object. Step functions cannot be deserialized outside workflow context.' + ); + } + + if (closureVars) { + return useStep(stepId, () => closureVars); + } + return useStep(stepId); + }, + }; +} diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/serialization.test.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/serialization.test.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d693193f26 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/serialization.test.ts @@ -0,0 +1,254 @@ +import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'; +import * as workflow from './workflow.js'; +import * as step from './step.js'; +import * as client from './client.js'; +import { devalueCodec } from './codec-devalue.js'; +import { + encodeWithFormatPrefix, + decodeFormatPrefix, + peekFormatPrefix, + isEncrypted, +} from './format.js'; +import { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; +import { importKey } from '../encryption.js'; + +// ---- Format prefix ---- + +describe('format prefix', () => { + it('should encode and decode format prefix', () => { + const payload = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]); + const encoded = encodeWithFormatPrefix( + SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, + payload + ) as Uint8Array; + + expect(encoded.length).toBe(4 + 3); + const decoded = decodeFormatPrefix(encoded); + expect(decoded.format).toBe('devl'); + expect(decoded.payload).toEqual(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3])); + }); + + it('should peek format prefix', () => { + const payload = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]); + const encoded = encodeWithFormatPrefix( + SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, + payload + ) as Uint8Array; + + expect(peekFormatPrefix(encoded)).toBe('devl'); + expect(peekFormatPrefix(new Uint8Array([0, 0, 0, 0]))).toBeNull(); + expect(peekFormatPrefix('not binary')).toBeNull(); + }); + + it('should detect encrypted data', () => { + const payload = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]); + const devl = encodeWithFormatPrefix( + SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, + payload + ); + const encr = encodeWithFormatPrefix(SerializationFormat.ENCRYPTED, payload); + + expect(isEncrypted(devl)).toBe(false); + expect(isEncrypted(encr)).toBe(true); + }); +}); + +// ---- Devalue codec ---- + +describe('devalue codec', () => { + it('should have the correct format prefix', () => { + expect(devalueCodec.formatPrefix).toBe('devl'); + }); + + it('should round-trip primitives', () => { + for (const value of [42, 'hello', true, null]) { + const serialized = devalueCodec.serialize(value, {}); + const deserialized = devalueCodec.deserialize(serialized, {}); + expect(deserialized).toEqual(value); + } + }); + + it('should round-trip with Date reducer/reviver', () => { + const date = new Date('2025-01-01T00:00:00Z'); + const reducers = { + Date: (v: any) => (v instanceof Date ? v.toISOString() : false), + }; + const revivers = { + Date: (v: any) => new Date(v), + }; + + const serialized = devalueCodec.serialize(date, reducers); + const deserialized = devalueCodec.deserialize(serialized, revivers) as Date; + expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Date); + expect(deserialized.toISOString()).toBe('2025-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'); + }); +}); + +// ---- Workflow mode ---- + +describe('workflow.serialize / workflow.deserialize', () => { + it('should round-trip primitives', () => { + expect(workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(42))).toBe(42); + expect(workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize('hello'))).toBe('hello'); + expect(workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(true))).toBe(true); + expect(workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(null))).toBe(null); + }); + + it('should round-trip arrays and objects', () => { + const value = { a: 1, b: [2, 3], c: { d: 'e' } }; + expect(workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(value))).toEqual(value); + }); + + it('should round-trip Date', () => { + const date = new Date('2025-06-15T12:00:00Z'); + const result = workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(date)) as Date; + expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(Date); + expect(result.toISOString()).toBe('2025-06-15T12:00:00.000Z'); + }); + + it('should round-trip Error', () => { + const err = new TypeError('test error'); + const result = workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(err)) as Error; + expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(Error); + expect(result.name).toBe('TypeError'); + expect(result.message).toBe('test error'); + }); + + it('should round-trip Map', () => { + const map = new Map([ + ['a', 1], + ['b', 2], + ]); + const result = workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(map)) as Map< + string, + number + >; + expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(Map); + expect(result.get('a')).toBe(1); + expect(result.get('b')).toBe(2); + }); + + it('should round-trip Set', () => { + const set = new Set([1, 2, 3]); + const result = workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(set)) as Set; + expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(Set); + expect(result.has(1)).toBe(true); + expect(result.has(3)).toBe(true); + }); + + it('should round-trip BigInt', () => { + const value = 9007199254740993n; + const result = workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(value)); + expect(result).toBe(value); + }); + + it('should round-trip Uint8Array', () => { + const value = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]); + const result = workflow.deserialize( + workflow.serialize(value) + ) as Uint8Array; + expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(Uint8Array); + expect(Array.from(result)).toEqual([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]); + }); + + it('should round-trip URL', () => { + const url = new URL('https://example.com/path?q=1'); + const result = workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(url)) as URL; + expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(URL); + expect(result.href).toBe('https://example.com/path?q=1'); + }); + + it('should round-trip RegExp', () => { + const re = /foo.*bar/gi; + const result = workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(re)) as RegExp; + expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(RegExp); + expect(result.source).toBe('foo.*bar'); + expect(result.flags).toBe('gi'); + }); + + it('should produce format-prefixed output', () => { + const serialized = workflow.serialize(42); + expect(serialized).toBeInstanceOf(Uint8Array); + expect(peekFormatPrefix(serialized)).toBe('devl'); + }); +}); + +// ---- Step mode ---- + +describe('step.serialize / step.deserialize', () => { + it('should round-trip primitives', async () => { + const serialized = await step.serialize(42); + const result = await step.deserialize(serialized); + expect(result).toBe(42); + }); + + it('should round-trip Date', async () => { + const date = new Date('2025-01-01'); + const serialized = await step.serialize(date); + const result = (await step.deserialize(serialized)) as Date; + expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(Date); + expect(result.toISOString()).toContain('2025-01-01'); + }); + + it('should support encryption round-trip', async () => { + const rawKey = new Uint8Array(32); + rawKey.fill(0x42); + const key = await importKey(rawKey); + + const value = { secret: 'data', count: 42 }; + const encrypted = await step.serialize(value, key); + + // Should be encrypted + expect(isEncrypted(encrypted)).toBe(true); + + // Should decrypt and deserialize correctly + const result = await step.deserialize(encrypted, key); + expect(result).toEqual(value); + }); +}); + +// ---- Client mode ---- + +describe('client.serialize / client.deserialize', () => { + it('should round-trip primitives', async () => { + const serialized = await client.serialize(42); + const result = await client.deserialize(serialized); + expect(result).toBe(42); + }); + + it('should round-trip complex values', async () => { + const value = { items: [1, 'two', new Date('2025-01-01')] }; + const serialized = await client.serialize(value); + const result = (await client.deserialize(serialized)) as any; + expect(result.items[0]).toBe(1); + expect(result.items[1]).toBe('two'); + expect(result.items[2]).toBeInstanceOf(Date); + }); +}); + +// ---- Cross-mode compatibility ---- + +describe('cross-mode serialization', () => { + it('workflow serialize → step deserialize', async () => { + const value = { x: 42, date: new Date('2025-01-01') }; + const serialized = workflow.serialize(value); + const result = (await step.deserialize(serialized)) as any; + expect(result.x).toBe(42); + expect(result.date).toBeInstanceOf(Date); + }); + + it('step serialize → workflow deserialize', async () => { + const value = { y: 'hello', set: new Set([1, 2]) }; + const serialized = await step.serialize(value); + const result = workflow.deserialize(serialized) as any; + expect(result.y).toBe('hello'); + expect(result.set).toBeInstanceOf(Set); + }); + + it('client serialize → workflow deserialize', async () => { + const value = [1, 'two', true]; + const serialized = await client.serialize(value); + const result = workflow.deserialize(serialized); + expect(result).toEqual(value); + }); +}); diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..84835572fe --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +/** + * Step mode serialization. + * + * Used by the step handler for serializing step return values and + * deserializing step arguments. Supports encryption as a composable layer. + */ + +import { WorkflowRuntimeError } from '@workflow/errors'; +import { DevalueError } from 'devalue'; +import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; +import { devalueCodec } from './codec-devalue.js'; +import { + encrypt as encryptData, + decrypt as decryptData, + type CryptoKey, +} from './encryption.js'; +import { decodeFormatPrefix, encodeWithFormatPrefix } from './format.js'; +import { getClassReducers, getClassRevivers } from './reducers/class.js'; +import { getCommonReducers, getCommonRevivers } from './reducers/common.js'; +import { SerializationFormat, type Reducers, type Revivers } from './types.js'; + +// ---- Reducer/Reviver composition ---- + +function getStepReducers( + global: Record = globalThis +): Partial { + return { + ...getCommonReducers(global), + ...getClassReducers(), + // Note: Stream reducers for step mode need additional parameters + // (ops, runId, cryptoKey). These are composed at call sites that + // need stream support. For basic step serialization, common + class + // reducers are sufficient. + }; +} + +function getStepRevivers( + global: Record = globalThis +): Partial { + return { + ...getCommonRevivers(global), + ...getClassRevivers(global), + // StepFunction reviver is intentionally excluded in step mode — + // step functions should not be passed as step return values. + }; +} + +// ---- Public API ---- + +/** + * Serialize a value from the step execution environment. + * + * @param value - The value to serialize + * @param encryptionKey - Optional encryption key + * @returns Format-prefixed (and optionally encrypted) serialized bytes + */ +export async function serialize( + value: unknown, + encryptionKey?: CryptoKey +): Promise { + try { + const payload = devalueCodec.serialize(value, getStepReducers()); + const prefixed = encodeWithFormatPrefix( + SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, + payload + ) as Uint8Array; + return encryptData(prefixed, encryptionKey); + } catch (error) { + throw new WorkflowRuntimeError( + formatSerializationError('step value', error), + { slug: 'serialization-failed', cause: error } + ); + } +} + +/** + * Deserialize a value for the step execution environment. + * + * @param data - Format-prefixed (and optionally encrypted) serialized bytes + * @param encryptionKey - Optional encryption key + * @returns The deserialized value + */ +export async function deserialize( + data: Uint8Array | unknown, + encryptionKey?: CryptoKey +): Promise { + const decrypted = await decryptData(data, encryptionKey); + + // Legacy specVersion 1: data is not binary + if (!(decrypted instanceof Uint8Array)) { + if (devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy) { + return devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy(decrypted, getStepRevivers()); + } + throw new Error( + 'Cannot deserialize non-binary data without legacy support' + ); + } + + const { format, payload } = decodeFormatPrefix(decrypted); + + if (format === SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1) { + return devalueCodec.deserialize(payload, getStepRevivers()); + } + + throw new Error(`Unsupported serialization format: ${format}`); +} + +// ---- Helpers ---- + +function formatSerializationError(context: string, error: unknown): string { + const verb = context.includes('return value') ? 'returning' : 'passing'; + + let message = `Failed to serialize ${context}`; + if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.path) { + message += ` at path "${error.path}"`; + } + message += `. Ensure you're ${verb} serializable types (plain objects, arrays, primitives, Date, RegExp, Map, Set).`; + + if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.value !== undefined) { + runtimeLogger.error('Serialization failed', { + context, + problematicValue: error.value, + }); + } + + return message; +} diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..65319ee70a --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +/** + * Workflow mode serialization. + * + * This module provides serialize/deserialize for use inside the workflow + * execution environment (QuickJS VM or Node.js vm). It is: + * - Synchronous (no async operations) + * - No encryption (encryption is handled outside the VM on the host side) + * - Includes class, step function, and common type reducers/revivers + * + * This module is designed to be bundled into the workflow code by esbuild + * and executed inside the sandboxed VM. + */ + +import { WorkflowRuntimeError } from '@workflow/errors'; +import { DevalueError } from 'devalue'; +import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; +import { devalueCodec } from './codec-devalue.js'; +import { decodeFormatPrefix, encodeWithFormatPrefix } from './format.js'; +import { getClassReducers, getClassRevivers } from './reducers/class.js'; +import { getCommonReducers, getCommonRevivers } from './reducers/common.js'; +import { + getStepFunctionReducer, + getStepFunctionReviver, +} from './reducers/step-function.js'; +import { SerializationFormat, type Reducers, type Revivers } from './types.js'; + +// ---- Reducer/Reviver composition ---- + +function getWorkflowReducers( + global: Record = globalThis +): Partial { + return { + ...getCommonReducers(global), + ...getClassReducers(), + ...getStepFunctionReducer(), + // Note: ReadableStream/WritableStream reducers for workflow mode + // are handled separately since they depend on workflow-specific symbols. + // They can be merged in here when stream support is added to the + // snapshot runtime. + }; +} + +function getWorkflowRevivers( + global: Record = globalThis +): Partial { + return { + ...getCommonRevivers(global), + ...getClassRevivers(global), + ...getStepFunctionReviver(global), + }; +} + +// ---- Public API ---- + +/** + * Serialize a value for storage/transmission from the workflow environment. + * + * Returns a Uint8Array with the "devl" format prefix. + * No encryption is applied — the host handles that separately. + * + * @param value - The value to serialize + * @returns Format-prefixed serialized bytes + */ +export function serialize(value: unknown): Uint8Array { + try { + const payload = devalueCodec.serialize(value, getWorkflowReducers()); + return encodeWithFormatPrefix( + SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, + payload + ) as Uint8Array; + } catch (error) { + throw new WorkflowRuntimeError( + formatSerializationError('workflow value', error), + { slug: 'serialization-failed', cause: error } + ); + } +} + +/** + * Deserialize a value received in the workflow environment. + * + * Accepts format-prefixed Uint8Array (current format) or legacy plain + * data (specVersion 1 compat). + * + * @param data - Format-prefixed serialized bytes, or legacy data + * @returns The deserialized value + */ +export function deserialize(data: Uint8Array | unknown): unknown { + // Legacy specVersion 1: data is not binary + if (!(data instanceof Uint8Array)) { + if (devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy) { + return devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy(data, getWorkflowRevivers()); + } + throw new Error( + 'Cannot deserialize non-binary data without legacy support' + ); + } + + const { format, payload } = decodeFormatPrefix(data); + + if (format === SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1) { + return devalueCodec.deserialize(payload, getWorkflowRevivers()); + } + + throw new Error(`Unsupported serialization format: ${format}`); +} + +// ---- Helpers ---- + +function formatSerializationError(context: string, error: unknown): string { + const verb = context.includes('return value') ? 'returning' : 'passing'; + + let message = `Failed to serialize ${context}`; + if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.path) { + message += ` at path "${error.path}"`; + } + message += `. Ensure you're ${verb} serializable types (plain objects, arrays, primitives, Date, RegExp, Map, Set).`; + + if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.value !== undefined) { + runtimeLogger.error('Serialization failed', { + context, + problematicValue: error.value, + }); + } + + return message; +} From 31a71dc7420cc5cb653a572b163ab9aeb3948a32 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 22:59:23 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 071/124] Add sub-path exports for workflow serialization module - Add ./serialization/workflow export to @workflow/core package.json - Add ./internal/serialization re-export to workflow meta-package - The workflow bundle can now import serialize/deserialize via: import { serialize, deserialize } from 'workflow/internal/serialization' Full test suite passes: 493 tests across 22 files (including 25 new serialization module tests). --- packages/core/package.json | 4 ++++ packages/workflow/package.json | 1 + packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts | 12 ++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 17 insertions(+) create mode 100644 packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts diff --git a/packages/core/package.json b/packages/core/package.json index 492ac6581f..12f04ae56d 100644 --- a/packages/core/package.json +++ b/packages/core/package.json @@ -56,6 +56,10 @@ "types": "./dist/serialization.d.ts", "default": "./dist/serialization.js" }, + "./serialization/workflow": { + "types": "./dist/serialization/workflow.d.ts", + "default": "./dist/serialization/workflow.js" + }, "./serialization-format": { "types": "./dist/serialization-format.d.ts", "default": "./dist/serialization-format.js" diff --git a/packages/workflow/package.json b/packages/workflow/package.json index 98475563ae..1a659d682f 100644 --- a/packages/workflow/package.json +++ b/packages/workflow/package.json @@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ "./internal/builtins": "./dist/internal/builtins.js", "./internal/private": "./dist/internal/private.js", "./internal/class-serialization": "./dist/internal/class-serialization.js", + "./internal/serialization": "./dist/internal/serialization.js", "./next": "./dist/next.cjs", "./nitro": "./dist/nitro.js", "./nuxt": "./dist/nuxt.js", diff --git a/packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts b/packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3906d5e2c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +/** + * Workflow-mode serialization utilities for the workflow VM bundle. + * + * This module re-exports the workflow-mode serialize/deserialize from + * @workflow/core. It is designed to be imported by the compiled workflow + * bundle (via the SWC plugin or VM bootstrap code) and executed inside + * the sandboxed VM environment. + * + * The serialize/deserialize functions are synchronous and do not use + * encryption — encryption is handled on the host side outside the VM. + */ +export { serialize, deserialize } from '@workflow/core/serialization/workflow'; From 58e817099ad5bd9de0b0f68a6da2e5179c1b37e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 00:35:48 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 072/124] Address code review feedback MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 1. Fix reducer composition order: Class/Instance reducers now come BEFORE common reducers in all three modes (workflow, step, client). This ensures custom Error subclasses with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE are handled by the Instance reducer before the generic Error reducer (devalue uses first-match-wins semantics). 2. Fix encryption decrypt() to fail fast when encrypted data is encountered without a decryption key, instead of silently returning encrypted bytes that would fail later with an unhelpful format error. 3. Remove Request/Response from common reducers — they don't have matching common revivers, so including them caused asymmetric behavior (serialize as Request, deserialize as plain object). Request/Response handling belongs in mode-specific modules that can provide proper revivers. 4. Document Node.js dependency in the workflow serialization re-export. The current implementation uses node:util and Buffer. For the QuickJS VM (snapshot runtime), these will need polyfills — tracked separately. --- packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts | 8 ++--- packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts | 18 ++++++++-- .../core/src/serialization/reducers/common.ts | 34 +++---------------- packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts | 9 +++-- packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts | 9 +++-- .../workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts | 13 ++++--- 6 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 51 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts index 5d07bbb715..a2f2435082 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts @@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ function getClientReducers( global: Record = globalThis ): Partial { return { - ...getCommonReducers(global), + // Class/Instance reducers MUST come before common reducers because + // devalue uses first-match-wins. The common Error reducer would otherwise + // preempt Instance for custom Error subclasses with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE. ...getClassReducers(), - // Note: Stream reducers for client mode need additional parameters - // (ops, runId, cryptoKey). These are composed at call sites that - // need stream support. + ...getCommonReducers(global), }; } diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts index b4381e3a97..a21d14547f 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts @@ -57,9 +57,21 @@ export async function decrypt( data: Uint8Array | unknown, key: CryptoKey | undefined ): Promise { - if (!key || !(data instanceof Uint8Array)) return data; - if (peekFormatPrefix(data) !== SerializationFormat.ENCRYPTED) return data; + // Non-binary data is returned as-is. + if (!(data instanceof Uint8Array)) return data; + + const format = peekFormatPrefix(data); + + // If the data is encrypted but no key was provided, fail fast. + if (format === SerializationFormat.ENCRYPTED && !key) { + throw new Error( + 'Encrypted payload encountered but no decryption key was provided.' + ); + } + + // If the data is not encrypted, return it unchanged. + if (format !== SerializationFormat.ENCRYPTED) return data; const { payload } = decodeFormatPrefix(data); - return aesGcmDecrypt(key, payload); + return aesGcmDecrypt(key!, payload); } diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common.ts index f90692c9b1..46d89ba8b4 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common.ts @@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ */ import { types } from 'node:util'; -import { WEBHOOK_RESPONSE_WRITABLE } from '../../symbols.js'; -import type { Reducers, Revivers, SerializableSpecial } from '../types.js'; +import type { Reducers, Revivers } from '../types.js'; // ---- Base64 helpers ---- @@ -95,33 +94,10 @@ export function getCommonReducers( source: value.source, flags: value.flags, }, - Request: (value) => { - if (!(value instanceof global.Request)) return false; - const data: SerializableSpecial['Request'] = { - method: value.method, - url: value.url, - headers: value.headers, - body: value.body, - duplex: value.duplex, - }; - const responseWritable = value[WEBHOOK_RESPONSE_WRITABLE]; - if (responseWritable) { - data.responseWritable = responseWritable; - } - return data; - }, - Response: (value) => { - if (!(value instanceof global.Response)) return false; - return { - type: value.type, - url: value.url, - status: value.status, - statusText: value.statusText, - headers: value.headers, - body: value.body, - redirected: value.redirected, - }; - }, + // Request and Response are intentionally NOT in common reducers. + // They require mode-specific revivers (stream handling, etc.) and + // including them here without matching revivers would cause them + // to deserialize as plain objects. Set: (value) => value instanceof global.Set && Array.from(value), URL: (value) => value instanceof global.URL && value.href, URLSearchParams: (value) => { diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts index 84835572fe..32a8fd1a76 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts @@ -24,13 +24,12 @@ import { SerializationFormat, type Reducers, type Revivers } from './types.js'; function getStepReducers( global: Record = globalThis ): Partial { + // Class/Instance reducers MUST come before common reducers because + // devalue uses first-match-wins. The common Error reducer would otherwise + // preempt Instance for custom Error subclasses with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE. return { - ...getCommonReducers(global), ...getClassReducers(), - // Note: Stream reducers for step mode need additional parameters - // (ops, runId, cryptoKey). These are composed at call sites that - // need stream support. For basic step serialization, common + class - // reducers are sufficient. + ...getCommonReducers(global), }; } diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts index 65319ee70a..512273b862 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts @@ -29,14 +29,13 @@ import { SerializationFormat, type Reducers, type Revivers } from './types.js'; function getWorkflowReducers( global: Record = globalThis ): Partial { + // Class/Instance reducers MUST come before common reducers because + // devalue uses first-match-wins. The common Error reducer would otherwise + // preempt Instance for custom Error subclasses with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE. return { - ...getCommonReducers(global), ...getClassReducers(), ...getStepFunctionReducer(), - // Note: ReadableStream/WritableStream reducers for workflow mode - // are handled separately since they depend on workflow-specific symbols. - // They can be merged in here when stream support is added to the - // snapshot runtime. + ...getCommonReducers(global), }; } diff --git a/packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts b/packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts index 3906d5e2c6..8706335af4 100644 --- a/packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts +++ b/packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ /** * Workflow-mode serialization utilities for the workflow VM bundle. * - * This module re-exports the workflow-mode serialize/deserialize from - * @workflow/core. It is designed to be imported by the compiled workflow - * bundle (via the SWC plugin or VM bootstrap code) and executed inside - * the sandboxed VM environment. - * + * Re-exports the workflow-mode serialize/deserialize from @workflow/core. * The serialize/deserialize functions are synchronous and do not use * encryption — encryption is handled on the host side outside the VM. + * + * Note: The current implementation has Node.js dependencies (`node:util` + * for `types.isNativeError()` and `Buffer` for base64 encoding). When + * used inside the Node.js `vm.Context` sandbox (the current runtime), + * these are available. For the QuickJS WASM VM (snapshot runtime), these + * dependencies will need to be replaced with polyfills or alternative + * implementations — that work is tracked on the snapshot-runtime branch. */ export { serialize, deserialize } from '@workflow/core/serialization/workflow'; From a4314c3f04a0154feff612a38ead3c0e676cd580 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 01:48:29 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 073/124] Move reducer/reviver composition into the devalue codec MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit The Codec interface now takes a SerializationMode ('workflow', 'step', 'client') instead of raw reducers/revivers. The reducer/reviver composition is internal to the devalue codec implementation. This is the right abstraction because reducers/revivers are devalue- specific concepts. A future CBOR codec would handle Date, typed arrays, Map, Set natively via the CBOR type system — it wouldn't use reducers at all. A JSON codec would only support standard JSON types. The mode-specific modules (workflow.ts, step.ts, client.ts) are now simpler — they just pass the mode string to the codec. --- packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts | 56 +----------- .../core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts | 90 +++++++++++++++---- packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts | 51 ++++++++--- packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts | 25 ++---- .../src/serialization/serialization.test.ts | 20 ++--- packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts | 51 +---------- packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts | 62 ++----------- 7 files changed, 143 insertions(+), 212 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts index a2f2435082..40112198da 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts @@ -15,55 +15,17 @@ import { type CryptoKey, } from './encryption.js'; import { decodeFormatPrefix, encodeWithFormatPrefix } from './format.js'; -import { getClassReducers, getClassRevivers } from './reducers/class.js'; -import { getCommonReducers, getCommonRevivers } from './reducers/common.js'; -import { SerializationFormat, type Reducers, type Revivers } from './types.js'; - -// ---- Reducer/Reviver composition ---- - -function getClientReducers( - global: Record = globalThis -): Partial { - return { - // Class/Instance reducers MUST come before common reducers because - // devalue uses first-match-wins. The common Error reducer would otherwise - // preempt Instance for custom Error subclasses with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE. - ...getClassReducers(), - ...getCommonReducers(global), - }; -} - -function getClientRevivers( - global: Record = globalThis -): Partial { - return { - ...getCommonRevivers(global), - ...getClassRevivers(global), - // StepFunction reviver throws in client context — step functions - // should not be returned from workflows to clients. - StepFunction: () => { - throw new Error( - 'Step functions cannot be deserialized in client context. Step functions should not be returned from workflows.' - ); - }, - }; -} - -// ---- Public API ---- +import { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; /** * Serialize a value from the client environment (e.g. workflow arguments). - * - * @param value - The value to serialize - * @param encryptionKey - Optional encryption key - * @returns Format-prefixed (and optionally encrypted) serialized bytes */ export async function serialize( value: unknown, encryptionKey?: CryptoKey ): Promise { try { - const payload = devalueCodec.serialize(value, getClientReducers()); + const payload = devalueCodec.serialize(value, 'client'); const prefixed = encodeWithFormatPrefix( SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, payload @@ -79,10 +41,6 @@ export async function serialize( /** * Deserialize a value for the client environment (e.g. workflow return value). - * - * @param data - Format-prefixed (and optionally encrypted) serialized bytes - * @param encryptionKey - Optional encryption key - * @returns The deserialized value */ export async function deserialize( data: Uint8Array | unknown, @@ -90,10 +48,9 @@ export async function deserialize( ): Promise { const decrypted = await decryptData(data, encryptionKey); - // Legacy specVersion 1: data is not binary if (!(decrypted instanceof Uint8Array)) { if (devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy) { - return devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy(decrypted, getClientRevivers()); + return devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy(decrypted, 'client'); } throw new Error( 'Cannot deserialize non-binary data without legacy support' @@ -103,29 +60,24 @@ export async function deserialize( const { format, payload } = decodeFormatPrefix(decrypted); if (format === SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1) { - return devalueCodec.deserialize(payload, getClientRevivers()); + return devalueCodec.deserialize(payload, 'client'); } throw new Error(`Unsupported serialization format: ${format}`); } -// ---- Helpers ---- - function formatSerializationError(context: string, error: unknown): string { const verb = context.includes('return value') ? 'returning' : 'passing'; - let message = `Failed to serialize ${context}`; if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.path) { message += ` at path "${error.path}"`; } message += `. Ensure you're ${verb} serializable types (plain objects, arrays, primitives, Date, RegExp, Map, Set).`; - if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.value !== undefined) { runtimeLogger.error('Serialization failed', { context, problematicValue: error.value, }); } - return message; } diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts index 6940e3831d..78d244e7fd 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts @@ -1,29 +1,85 @@ /** * Devalue codec implementation. * - * Uses the `devalue` library for serialization with custom reducers/revivers - * for Workflow DevKit types (Date, Error, Map, Set, typed arrays, classes, etc.). + * Uses the `devalue` library for serialization. Handles custom types via + * reducers (serialize) and revivers (deserialize) which are composed + * internally based on the serialization mode. + * + * The reducer/reviver pattern is specific to devalue — other codecs + * (CBOR, JSON) would handle types differently (e.g. CBOR supports Date, + * typed arrays, Map, Set natively). */ import { parse, stringify, unflatten } from 'devalue'; -import { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; -import type { Codec } from './codec.js'; -import type { Reducers, Revivers } from './types.js'; +import { SerializationFormat, type Reducers, type Revivers } from './types.js'; +import type { Codec, SerializationMode } from './codec.js'; +import { getClassReducers, getClassRevivers } from './reducers/class.js'; +import { getCommonReducers, getCommonRevivers } from './reducers/common.js'; +import { + getStepFunctionReducer, + getStepFunctionReviver, +} from './reducers/step-function.js'; const encoder = new TextEncoder(); const decoder = new TextDecoder(); -/** - * The devalue codec. Serializes values to a UTF-8 encoded string using - * devalue's `stringify()` and deserializes using `parse()`. - * - * Custom types are handled via reducers (serialize) and revivers (deserialize) - * which are composed by the mode-specific modules (workflow, step, client). - */ +// ---- Reducer/Reviver composition per mode ---- + +function getReducersForMode(mode: SerializationMode): Partial { + switch (mode) { + case 'workflow': + // Class/Instance MUST come before common (first-match-wins for Error subclasses) + return { + ...getClassReducers(), + ...getStepFunctionReducer(), + ...getCommonReducers(), + }; + case 'step': + return { + ...getClassReducers(), + ...getCommonReducers(), + }; + case 'client': + return { + ...getClassReducers(), + ...getCommonReducers(), + }; + } +} + +function getReviversForMode(mode: SerializationMode): Partial { + switch (mode) { + case 'workflow': + return { + ...getClassRevivers(), + ...getStepFunctionReviver(), + ...getCommonRevivers(), + }; + case 'step': + return { + ...getClassRevivers(), + ...getCommonRevivers(), + }; + case 'client': + return { + ...getClassRevivers(), + ...getCommonRevivers(), + StepFunction: () => { + throw new Error( + 'Step functions cannot be deserialized in client context.' + ); + }, + }; + } +} + +// ---- Codec implementation ---- + export const devalueCodec: Codec = { formatPrefix: SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, - serialize(value: unknown, reducers: Partial): Uint8Array { + serialize(value: unknown, mode: SerializationMode): Uint8Array { + const reducers = getReducersForMode(mode); const str = stringify( value, reducers as Record any> @@ -31,14 +87,14 @@ export const devalueCodec: Codec = { return encoder.encode(str); }, - deserialize(data: Uint8Array, revivers: Partial): unknown { + deserialize(data: Uint8Array, mode: SerializationMode): unknown { + const revivers = getReviversForMode(mode); const str = decoder.decode(data); return parse(str, revivers as Record any>); }, - deserializeLegacy(data: unknown, revivers: Partial): unknown { - // Legacy specVersion 1 runs stored data as plain JSON arrays - // (devalue's unflatten format, not binary) + deserializeLegacy(data: unknown, mode: SerializationMode): unknown { + const revivers = getReviversForMode(mode); return unflatten( data as any[], revivers as Record any> diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts index 5c432ebb40..59b022f2ff 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts @@ -2,42 +2,67 @@ * Codec interface for serialization formats. * * A codec handles the core serialize/deserialize logic for a specific - * wire format (devalue, CBOR, JSON, etc.). The format prefix, encryption, - * and mode-specific reducers/revivers are handled at a higher layer. + * wire format (devalue, CBOR, JSON, etc.). Each codec is responsible + * for handling all supported data types internally — the caller only + * specifies which serialization mode to use. + * + * - **devalue**: Uses custom reducers/revivers for Date, Error, Map, Set, + * typed arrays, class instances, etc. + * - **cbor**: Would handle Date, typed arrays, Map, Set natively via the + * CBOR type system. Class instances would still need custom handling. + * - **json**: Would only support standard JSON types (primitives, arrays, + * plain objects). No Date, Map, Set, typed arrays, etc. */ -import type { Reducers, Revivers, SerializationFormatType } from './types.js'; +import type { SerializationFormatType } from './types.js'; + +/** + * The serialization mode determines which types are supported and how + * they're handled. Different modes compose different sets of type handlers. + * + * - `workflow`: Runs inside the workflow VM. Includes class serialization, + * step function serialization. No stream handling. + * - `step`: Runs in the step handler (Node.js). Includes class serialization. + * No step function serialization. Stream handling at call sites. + * - `client`: Runs on the client side. Includes class serialization. + * No step function serialization. Stream handling at call sites. + */ +export type SerializationMode = 'workflow' | 'step' | 'client'; export interface Codec { /** The 4-character format prefix identifier (e.g. "devl", "cbor", "json") */ readonly formatPrefix: SerializationFormatType; /** - * Serialize a value to bytes using the given reducers for custom types. + * Serialize a value to bytes. + * + * The codec handles all supported types internally based on the mode. * * @param value - The value to serialize - * @param reducers - Type-specific reducers (e.g. Date → ISO string) - * @returns The serialized payload (without format prefix — that's added by the format layer) + * @param mode - The serialization mode + * @returns The serialized payload (without format prefix) */ - serialize(value: unknown, reducers: Partial): Uint8Array; + serialize(value: unknown, mode: SerializationMode): Uint8Array; /** - * Deserialize bytes back to a value using the given revivers for custom types. + * Deserialize bytes back to a value. + * + * The codec handles all supported types internally based on the mode. * * @param data - The serialized payload (without format prefix) - * @param revivers - Type-specific revivers (e.g. ISO string → Date) + * @param mode - The serialization mode * @returns The deserialized value */ - deserialize(data: Uint8Array, revivers: Partial): unknown; + deserialize(data: Uint8Array, mode: SerializationMode): unknown; /** * Deserialize legacy (pre-format-prefix) data. * Used for backwards compatibility with specVersion 1 runs that stored * data as plain JSON arrays instead of binary. * - * @param data - The legacy data (typically a JSON array from devalue's unflatten format) - * @param revivers - Type-specific revivers + * @param data - The legacy data + * @param mode - The serialization mode * @returns The deserialized value */ - deserializeLegacy?(data: unknown, revivers: Partial): unknown; + deserializeLegacy?(data: unknown, mode: SerializationMode): unknown; } diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts index 2378e04c71..95c861657e 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ * Serialization module — public API. * * Re-exports the mode-specific serialize/deserialize functions and - * provides backwards-compatible aliases for the legacy function names. + * the codec/format/encryption abstractions. */ // Re-export types @@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ export type { } from './types.js'; export { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; +// Re-export codec interface and mode type +export type { Codec, SerializationMode } from './codec.js'; +export { devalueCodec } from './codec-devalue.js'; + // Re-export format prefix utilities export { encodeWithFormatPrefix, @@ -22,11 +26,7 @@ export { isEncrypted, } from './format.js'; -// Re-export codec -export type { Codec } from './codec.js'; -export { devalueCodec } from './codec-devalue.js'; - -// Re-export encryption +// Re-export composable encryption export { encrypt, decrypt, @@ -40,14 +40,5 @@ import * as step from './step.js'; import * as client from './client.js'; export { workflow, step, client }; -// Re-export reducers for direct composition (used by stream framing, etc.) -export { - getCommonReducers, - getCommonRevivers, - revive, -} from './reducers/common.js'; -export { getClassReducers, getClassRevivers } from './reducers/class.js'; -export { - getStepFunctionReducer, - getStepFunctionReviver, -} from './reducers/step-function.js'; +// Re-export revive helper (used by legacy compat in serialization.ts) +export { revive } from './reducers/common.js'; diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/serialization.test.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/serialization.test.ts index d693193f26..4f2cad1fd0 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/serialization.test.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/serialization.test.ts @@ -62,23 +62,19 @@ describe('devalue codec', () => { it('should round-trip primitives', () => { for (const value of [42, 'hello', true, null]) { - const serialized = devalueCodec.serialize(value, {}); - const deserialized = devalueCodec.deserialize(serialized, {}); + const serialized = devalueCodec.serialize(value, 'workflow'); + const deserialized = devalueCodec.deserialize(serialized, 'workflow'); expect(deserialized).toEqual(value); } }); - it('should round-trip with Date reducer/reviver', () => { + it('should round-trip Date via workflow mode', () => { const date = new Date('2025-01-01T00:00:00Z'); - const reducers = { - Date: (v: any) => (v instanceof Date ? v.toISOString() : false), - }; - const revivers = { - Date: (v: any) => new Date(v), - }; - - const serialized = devalueCodec.serialize(date, reducers); - const deserialized = devalueCodec.deserialize(serialized, revivers) as Date; + const serialized = devalueCodec.serialize(date, 'workflow'); + const deserialized = devalueCodec.deserialize( + serialized, + 'workflow' + ) as Date; expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Date); expect(deserialized.toISOString()).toBe('2025-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'); }); diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts index 32a8fd1a76..0a4c5b7511 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts @@ -15,50 +15,17 @@ import { type CryptoKey, } from './encryption.js'; import { decodeFormatPrefix, encodeWithFormatPrefix } from './format.js'; -import { getClassReducers, getClassRevivers } from './reducers/class.js'; -import { getCommonReducers, getCommonRevivers } from './reducers/common.js'; -import { SerializationFormat, type Reducers, type Revivers } from './types.js'; - -// ---- Reducer/Reviver composition ---- - -function getStepReducers( - global: Record = globalThis -): Partial { - // Class/Instance reducers MUST come before common reducers because - // devalue uses first-match-wins. The common Error reducer would otherwise - // preempt Instance for custom Error subclasses with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE. - return { - ...getClassReducers(), - ...getCommonReducers(global), - }; -} - -function getStepRevivers( - global: Record = globalThis -): Partial { - return { - ...getCommonRevivers(global), - ...getClassRevivers(global), - // StepFunction reviver is intentionally excluded in step mode — - // step functions should not be passed as step return values. - }; -} - -// ---- Public API ---- +import { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; /** * Serialize a value from the step execution environment. - * - * @param value - The value to serialize - * @param encryptionKey - Optional encryption key - * @returns Format-prefixed (and optionally encrypted) serialized bytes */ export async function serialize( value: unknown, encryptionKey?: CryptoKey ): Promise { try { - const payload = devalueCodec.serialize(value, getStepReducers()); + const payload = devalueCodec.serialize(value, 'step'); const prefixed = encodeWithFormatPrefix( SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, payload @@ -74,10 +41,6 @@ export async function serialize( /** * Deserialize a value for the step execution environment. - * - * @param data - Format-prefixed (and optionally encrypted) serialized bytes - * @param encryptionKey - Optional encryption key - * @returns The deserialized value */ export async function deserialize( data: Uint8Array | unknown, @@ -85,10 +48,9 @@ export async function deserialize( ): Promise { const decrypted = await decryptData(data, encryptionKey); - // Legacy specVersion 1: data is not binary if (!(decrypted instanceof Uint8Array)) { if (devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy) { - return devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy(decrypted, getStepRevivers()); + return devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy(decrypted, 'step'); } throw new Error( 'Cannot deserialize non-binary data without legacy support' @@ -98,29 +60,24 @@ export async function deserialize( const { format, payload } = decodeFormatPrefix(decrypted); if (format === SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1) { - return devalueCodec.deserialize(payload, getStepRevivers()); + return devalueCodec.deserialize(payload, 'step'); } throw new Error(`Unsupported serialization format: ${format}`); } -// ---- Helpers ---- - function formatSerializationError(context: string, error: unknown): string { const verb = context.includes('return value') ? 'returning' : 'passing'; - let message = `Failed to serialize ${context}`; if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.path) { message += ` at path "${error.path}"`; } message += `. Ensure you're ${verb} serializable types (plain objects, arrays, primitives, Date, RegExp, Map, Set).`; - if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.value !== undefined) { runtimeLogger.error('Serialization failed', { context, problematicValue: error.value, }); } - return message; } diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts index 512273b862..081cf37d75 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts @@ -1,14 +1,13 @@ /** * Workflow mode serialization. * - * This module provides serialize/deserialize for use inside the workflow - * execution environment (QuickJS VM or Node.js vm). It is: + * Provides serialize/deserialize for use inside the workflow execution + * environment (QuickJS VM or Node.js vm). It is: * - Synchronous (no async operations) * - No encryption (encryption is handled outside the VM on the host side) - * - Includes class, step function, and common type reducers/revivers * - * This module is designed to be bundled into the workflow code by esbuild - * and executed inside the sandboxed VM. + * Designed to be bundled into the workflow code by esbuild and executed + * inside the sandboxed VM. */ import { WorkflowRuntimeError } from '@workflow/errors'; @@ -16,53 +15,17 @@ import { DevalueError } from 'devalue'; import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; import { devalueCodec } from './codec-devalue.js'; import { decodeFormatPrefix, encodeWithFormatPrefix } from './format.js'; -import { getClassReducers, getClassRevivers } from './reducers/class.js'; -import { getCommonReducers, getCommonRevivers } from './reducers/common.js'; -import { - getStepFunctionReducer, - getStepFunctionReviver, -} from './reducers/step-function.js'; -import { SerializationFormat, type Reducers, type Revivers } from './types.js'; - -// ---- Reducer/Reviver composition ---- - -function getWorkflowReducers( - global: Record = globalThis -): Partial { - // Class/Instance reducers MUST come before common reducers because - // devalue uses first-match-wins. The common Error reducer would otherwise - // preempt Instance for custom Error subclasses with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE. - return { - ...getClassReducers(), - ...getStepFunctionReducer(), - ...getCommonReducers(global), - }; -} - -function getWorkflowRevivers( - global: Record = globalThis -): Partial { - return { - ...getCommonRevivers(global), - ...getClassRevivers(global), - ...getStepFunctionReviver(global), - }; -} - -// ---- Public API ---- +import { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; /** * Serialize a value for storage/transmission from the workflow environment. * - * Returns a Uint8Array with the "devl" format prefix. - * No encryption is applied — the host handles that separately. - * * @param value - The value to serialize * @returns Format-prefixed serialized bytes */ export function serialize(value: unknown): Uint8Array { try { - const payload = devalueCodec.serialize(value, getWorkflowReducers()); + const payload = devalueCodec.serialize(value, 'workflow'); return encodeWithFormatPrefix( SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, payload @@ -78,17 +41,13 @@ export function serialize(value: unknown): Uint8Array { /** * Deserialize a value received in the workflow environment. * - * Accepts format-prefixed Uint8Array (current format) or legacy plain - * data (specVersion 1 compat). - * * @param data - Format-prefixed serialized bytes, or legacy data * @returns The deserialized value */ export function deserialize(data: Uint8Array | unknown): unknown { - // Legacy specVersion 1: data is not binary if (!(data instanceof Uint8Array)) { if (devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy) { - return devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy(data, getWorkflowRevivers()); + return devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy(data, 'workflow'); } throw new Error( 'Cannot deserialize non-binary data without legacy support' @@ -98,29 +57,24 @@ export function deserialize(data: Uint8Array | unknown): unknown { const { format, payload } = decodeFormatPrefix(data); if (format === SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1) { - return devalueCodec.deserialize(payload, getWorkflowRevivers()); + return devalueCodec.deserialize(payload, 'workflow'); } throw new Error(`Unsupported serialization format: ${format}`); } -// ---- Helpers ---- - function formatSerializationError(context: string, error: unknown): string { const verb = context.includes('return value') ? 'returning' : 'passing'; - let message = `Failed to serialize ${context}`; if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.path) { message += ` at path "${error.path}"`; } message += `. Ensure you're ${verb} serializable types (plain objects, arrays, primitives, Date, RegExp, Map, Set).`; - if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.value !== undefined) { runtimeLogger.error('Serialization failed', { context, problematicValue: error.value, }); } - return message; } From f9c23bbbfcbaab50afe01d27a915876bbca71442 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 12:26:51 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 074/124] Replace SerializationFormatType enum with open-ended FormatPrefix type MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit The format prefix is now a branded string type validated by isFormatPrefix() — any 4-character [a-z0-9] string is valid. This removes the hard-coded enum of known formats, making the system truly open for extension: type FormatPrefix = string & { __brand: 'FormatPrefix' }; function isFormatPrefix(value: string): value is FormatPrefix; The SerializationFormat object still provides well-known constants ('devl', 'encr') but they're now just typed constants, not an exhaustive enum. peekFormatPrefix() and decodeFormatPrefix() use isFormatPrefix() for validation instead of checking against a known list. Unknown but valid prefixes (e.g. 'cbor', 'json', 'v2b1') are accepted — the caller decides whether they can handle the format. 6 new isFormatPrefix tests covering: valid strings, too short, too long, uppercase, special characters. 1 new test for unknown-but-valid prefixes. --- packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts | 4 +- packages/core/src/serialization/format.ts | 56 +++++++++--------- packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts | 4 +- .../src/serialization/serialization.test.ts | 57 ++++++++++++++++++- packages/core/src/serialization/types.ts | 34 +++++++---- 5 files changed, 111 insertions(+), 44 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts index 59b022f2ff..a30b4fb350 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ * plain objects). No Date, Map, Set, typed arrays, etc. */ -import type { SerializationFormatType } from './types.js'; +import type { FormatPrefix } from './types.js'; /** * The serialization mode determines which types are supported and how @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ export type SerializationMode = 'workflow' | 'step' | 'client'; export interface Codec { /** The 4-character format prefix identifier (e.g. "devl", "cbor", "json") */ - readonly formatPrefix: SerializationFormatType; + readonly formatPrefix: FormatPrefix; /** * Serialize a value to bytes. diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/format.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/format.ts index da2cb5d70f..0be3b5f005 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/format.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/format.ts @@ -10,10 +10,16 @@ * 4. Debugging — raw data inspection immediately reveals the format * * Format: [4 bytes: format identifier][payload] + * + * The format prefix is open-ended — any 4-character [a-z0-9] string is valid. + * This allows new codecs to be added without modifying this module. */ -import { WorkflowRuntimeError } from '@workflow/errors'; -import { SerializationFormat, type SerializationFormatType } from './types.js'; +import { + SerializationFormat, + isFormatPrefix, + type FormatPrefix, +} from './types.js'; /** Length of the format prefix in bytes */ const FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH = 4; @@ -24,12 +30,12 @@ const formatDecoder = new TextDecoder(); /** * Encode a payload with a format prefix. * - * @param format - The format identifier (must be exactly 4 ASCII characters) + * @param format - The format identifier (4 chars, [a-z0-9]) * @param payload - The serialized payload bytes * @returns A new Uint8Array with format prefix prepended */ export function encodeWithFormatPrefix( - format: SerializationFormatType, + format: FormatPrefix, payload: Uint8Array | unknown ): Uint8Array | unknown { if (!(payload instanceof Uint8Array)) { @@ -37,12 +43,6 @@ export function encodeWithFormatPrefix( } const prefixBytes = formatEncoder.encode(format); - if (prefixBytes.length !== FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH) { - throw new Error( - `Format identifier must be exactly ${FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH} ASCII characters, got "${format}" (${prefixBytes.length} bytes)` - ); - } - const result = new Uint8Array(FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH + payload.length); result.set(prefixBytes, 0); result.set(payload, FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH); @@ -52,22 +52,22 @@ export function encodeWithFormatPrefix( /** * Peek at the format prefix without consuming it. * + * Returns the prefix if it's a valid format prefix ([a-z0-9]{4}), + * or null if the data is legacy/non-binary or doesn't start with a + * valid prefix. + * * @param data - The format-prefixed data - * @returns The format identifier, or null if data is legacy/non-binary + * @returns The format prefix, or null */ export function peekFormatPrefix( data: Uint8Array | unknown -): SerializationFormatType | null { +): FormatPrefix | null { if (!(data instanceof Uint8Array) || data.length < FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH) { return null; } const prefixBytes = data.subarray(0, FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH); - const format = formatDecoder.decode(prefixBytes); - const knownFormats = Object.values(SerializationFormat) as string[]; - if (!knownFormats.includes(format)) { - return null; - } - return format as SerializationFormatType; + const str = formatDecoder.decode(prefixBytes); + return isFormatPrefix(str) ? str : null; } /** @@ -81,15 +81,14 @@ export function isEncrypted(data: Uint8Array | unknown): boolean { * Decode a format-prefixed payload. * * @param data - The format-prefixed data - * @returns An object with the format identifier and payload - * @throws Error if the data is too short or has an unknown format + * @returns An object with the format prefix and payload + * @throws Error if the data is too short or has an invalid prefix */ export function decodeFormatPrefix(data: Uint8Array | unknown): { - format: SerializationFormatType; + format: FormatPrefix; payload: Uint8Array; } { - // Compat for legacy specVersion 1 runs that don't have a format prefix, - // and don't have a binary payload + // Compat for legacy specVersion 1 runs that don't have a format prefix if (!(data instanceof Uint8Array)) { return { format: SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, @@ -104,15 +103,14 @@ export function decodeFormatPrefix(data: Uint8Array | unknown): { } const prefixBytes = data.subarray(0, FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH); - const format = formatDecoder.decode(prefixBytes); + const str = formatDecoder.decode(prefixBytes); - const knownFormats = Object.values(SerializationFormat) as string[]; - if (!knownFormats.includes(format)) { - throw new WorkflowRuntimeError( - `Unknown serialization format: "${format}". Known formats: ${knownFormats.join(', ')}` + if (!isFormatPrefix(str)) { + throw new Error( + `Invalid format prefix: "${str}". Must be 4 characters of [a-z0-9].` ); } const payload = data.subarray(FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH); - return { format: format as SerializationFormatType, payload }; + return { format: str, payload }; } diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts index 95c861657e..531913b410 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/index.ts @@ -7,12 +7,12 @@ // Re-export types export type { - SerializationFormatType, + FormatPrefix, SerializableSpecial, Reducers, Revivers, } from './types.js'; -export { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; +export { SerializationFormat, isFormatPrefix } from './types.js'; // Re-export codec interface and mode type export type { Codec, SerializationMode } from './codec.js'; diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/serialization.test.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/serialization.test.ts index 4f2cad1fd0..5b4f9aafaa 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/serialization.test.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/serialization.test.ts @@ -9,9 +9,50 @@ import { peekFormatPrefix, isEncrypted, } from './format.js'; -import { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; +import { SerializationFormat, isFormatPrefix } from './types.js'; import { importKey } from '../encryption.js'; +// ---- isFormatPrefix type guard ---- + +describe('isFormatPrefix', () => { + it('should accept valid 4-char lowercase alphanumeric strings', () => { + expect(isFormatPrefix('devl')).toBe(true); + expect(isFormatPrefix('cbor')).toBe(true); + expect(isFormatPrefix('json')).toBe(true); + expect(isFormatPrefix('encr')).toBe(true); + expect(isFormatPrefix('abcd')).toBe(true); + expect(isFormatPrefix('v2b1')).toBe(true); + expect(isFormatPrefix('0000')).toBe(true); + expect(isFormatPrefix('9999')).toBe(true); + expect(isFormatPrefix('ab12')).toBe(true); + }); + + it('should reject strings that are too short', () => { + expect(isFormatPrefix('')).toBe(false); + expect(isFormatPrefix('a')).toBe(false); + expect(isFormatPrefix('ab')).toBe(false); + expect(isFormatPrefix('abc')).toBe(false); + }); + + it('should reject strings that are too long', () => { + expect(isFormatPrefix('abcde')).toBe(false); + expect(isFormatPrefix('abcdef')).toBe(false); + }); + + it('should reject uppercase characters', () => { + expect(isFormatPrefix('DEVL')).toBe(false); + expect(isFormatPrefix('Devl')).toBe(false); + expect(isFormatPrefix('devL')).toBe(false); + }); + + it('should reject special characters', () => { + expect(isFormatPrefix('de-l')).toBe(false); + expect(isFormatPrefix('de_l')).toBe(false); + expect(isFormatPrefix('de.l')).toBe(false); + expect(isFormatPrefix('de l')).toBe(false); + }); +}); + // ---- Format prefix ---- describe('format prefix', () => { @@ -40,6 +81,20 @@ describe('format prefix', () => { expect(peekFormatPrefix('not binary')).toBeNull(); }); + it('should accept unknown but valid format prefixes', () => { + // A future codec can use any [a-z0-9]{4} prefix + const payload = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]); + const encoded = encodeWithFormatPrefix( + 'cbor' as any, + payload + ) as Uint8Array; + expect(peekFormatPrefix(encoded)).toBe('cbor'); + + const decoded = decodeFormatPrefix(encoded); + expect(decoded.format).toBe('cbor'); + expect(decoded.payload).toEqual(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3])); + }); + it('should detect encrypted data', () => { const payload = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]); const devl = encodeWithFormatPrefix( diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/types.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/types.ts index c12c5a2cf3..41150e0654 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/types.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/types.ts @@ -2,23 +2,37 @@ * Shared types for the serialization system. */ +// ---- Format Prefix ---- + +/** + * A format prefix is exactly 4 lowercase alphanumeric characters [a-z0-9]. + * + * This is a branded string type — use `isFormatPrefix()` to validate + * at runtime. The `SerializationFormat` object provides well-known + * constants, but codecs may define additional prefixes. + */ +export type FormatPrefix = string & { readonly __brand: 'FormatPrefix' }; + +/** + * Runtime type guard for format prefix strings. + * + * Validates that a string is exactly 4 characters of [a-z0-9]. + */ +export function isFormatPrefix(value: string): value is FormatPrefix { + return value.length === 4 && /^[a-z0-9]{4}$/.test(value); +} + /** - * Known serialization format identifiers. - * Each format ID is exactly 4 ASCII characters, matching the convention - * used for other workflow IDs (wrun, step, wait, etc.) + * Well-known format prefix constants. Codecs may define additional ones. */ export const SerializationFormat = { /** devalue stringify/parse with TextEncoder/TextDecoder */ - DEVALUE_V1: 'devl', + DEVALUE_V1: 'devl' as FormatPrefix, /** Encrypted payload (inner payload has its own format prefix) */ - ENCRYPTED: 'encr', - // Future formats (reserved): - // JSON: 'json', // JSON serialization (Python runtime compat) - // CBOR: 'cbor', // CBOR binary serialization + ENCRYPTED: 'encr' as FormatPrefix, } as const; -export type SerializationFormatType = - (typeof SerializationFormat)[keyof typeof SerializationFormat]; +// ---- Serializable Types ---- /** * Types that need specialized handling when serialized/deserialized. From 6add40c0a063fb796846ce27b8dd29dbc6136dab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Fri, 3 Apr 2026 01:44:41 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 075/124] Wire modular serialization modules into serialization.ts, add 138 unit tests Replace duplicate format prefix, reducer/reviver, and encryption helper code in the monolithic serialization.ts with imports from the modular serialization/ directory. This completes the refactoring started in the earlier additive-only commits. Key changes: - serialization.ts now imports types, format prefix, common/class/step-function reducers and revivers, and encryption helpers from ./serialization/ modules - Removed ~450 lines of duplicate code from serialization.ts - Made encryption error messages consistent between old and new modules - Added 138 comprehensive unit tests covering types, format prefix, encryption, codec, all three reducer modules, all three mode modules, cross-mode compatibility, and edge cases - Updated one existing test assertion for new error message wording --- .changeset/serialization-refactor.md | 5 + packages/core/src/runtime/run.ts | 8 +- packages/core/src/serialization.test.ts | 2 +- packages/core/src/serialization.ts | 653 ++-------- packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts | 5 +- .../src/serialization/serialization.test.ts | 1131 ++++++++++++++++- 6 files changed, 1200 insertions(+), 604 deletions(-) create mode 100644 .changeset/serialization-refactor.md diff --git a/.changeset/serialization-refactor.md b/.changeset/serialization-refactor.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9e1414bc38 --- /dev/null +++ b/.changeset/serialization-refactor.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +--- +"@workflow/core": patch +--- + +Refactor: Replace duplicate serialization code in `serialization.ts` with imports from modular `serialization/` modules. Removes ~450 lines of duplicated format prefix, reducer/reviver, and encryption helper code. Adds 138 unit tests for the modular serialization pipeline. diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/run.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/run.ts index 2b6bda92c2..4f678a4658 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/run.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/run.ts @@ -217,12 +217,8 @@ export class Run { // Pass the key as a promise — it will be resolved lazily inside // the first async transform() call of the deserialize stream. const encryptionKey = this.getEncryptionKey(); - const stream = getExternalRevivers( - global, - ops, - this.runId, - encryptionKey - ).ReadableStream({ + const stream = getExternalRevivers(global, ops, this.runId, encryptionKey) + .ReadableStream!({ name, startIndex, }) as ReadableStream; diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization.test.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization.test.ts index b95d83c8e1..05c5a524a1 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization.test.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization.test.ts @@ -3305,7 +3305,7 @@ describe('format prefix system', () => { noEncryptionKey, vmGlobalThis ) - ).rejects.toThrow(/Unknown serialization format/); + ).rejects.toThrow(/Unsupported serialization format/); }); it('should throw error for data too short to contain format prefix', async () => { diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization.ts index 4f011f069d..4d6b5a903a 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization.ts @@ -1,26 +1,11 @@ -import { types } from 'node:util'; import { WorkflowRuntimeError } from '@workflow/errors'; -import { WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE, WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE } from '@workflow/serde'; import { DevalueError, parse, stringify, unflatten } from 'devalue'; import { monotonicFactory } from 'ulid'; -import { getSerializationClass } from './class-serialization.js'; import { decrypt as aesGcmDecrypt, encrypt as aesGcmEncrypt, type CryptoKey, } from './encryption.js'; - -/** - * Encryption key parameter type. Accepts a resolved key, undefined (no encryption), - * or a promise that resolves to either. This allows synchronous function signatures - * (e.g., getReadable()) to thread the key through without awaiting it — the promise - * is resolved lazily inside the first async transform() call. - */ -export type EncryptionKeyParam = - | CryptoKey - | undefined - | Promise; - import { createFlushableState, flushablePipe, @@ -30,6 +15,35 @@ import { import { runtimeLogger } from './logger.js'; import { getStepFunction } from './private.js'; import { getWorld } from './runtime/world.js'; +import { + decrypt, + type EncryptionKeyParam, + encrypt, +} from './serialization/encryption.js'; +import { + decodeFormatPrefix, + encodeWithFormatPrefix, + isEncrypted, + peekFormatPrefix, +} from './serialization/format.js'; +import { + getClassReducers, + getClassRevivers, +} from './serialization/reducers/class.js'; +import { + getCommonReducers, + getCommonRevivers as getCommonReviversFromModule, + revive, +} from './serialization/reducers/common.js'; +import { + getStepFunctionReducer, + getStepFunctionReviver, +} from './serialization/reducers/step-function.js'; +import { + type FormatPrefix, + isFormatPrefix, + SerializationFormat, +} from './serialization/types.js'; import { contextStorage } from './step/context-storage.js'; import { BODY_INIT_SYMBOL, @@ -39,154 +53,26 @@ import { WEBHOOK_RESPONSE_WRITABLE, } from './symbols.js'; -// ============================================================================ -// Serialization Format Prefix System -// ============================================================================ -// -// All serialized payloads are prefixed with a 4-byte format identifier that -// allows the client to determine how to decode the payload. This enables: -// -// 1. Self-describing payloads - The World layer is agnostic to serialization format -// 2. Gradual migration - Old runs keep working, new runs can use new formats -// 3. Composability - Encryption can wrap any format (e.g., "encr" wrapping "devl") -// 4. Debugging - Raw data inspection immediately reveals the format -// -// Format: [4 bytes: format identifier][payload] -// -// The 4-character prefix convention matches other workflow IDs (wrun, step, wait, etc.) -// -// Current formats: -// - "devl" - devalue stringify/parse with TextEncoder/TextDecoder (current default) -// - "encr" - Encrypted payload (inner payload has its own format prefix) -// -// Future formats (reserved): -// - "cbor" - CBOR binary serialization - -/** - * Known serialization format identifiers. - * Each format ID is exactly 4 ASCII characters, matching the convention - * used for other workflow IDs (wrun, step, wait, etc.) - */ -export const SerializationFormat = { - /** devalue stringify/parse with TextEncoder/TextDecoder */ - DEVALUE_V1: 'devl', - /** Encrypted payload (inner payload has its own format prefix) */ - ENCRYPTED: 'encr', -} as const; +// Re-export types and utilities from the modular serialization modules +// so existing consumers of `@workflow/core/serialization` keep working. +export { + SerializationFormat, + type FormatPrefix, + isFormatPrefix, + encodeWithFormatPrefix, + decodeFormatPrefix, + peekFormatPrefix, + isEncrypted, + encrypt, + decrypt, + type EncryptionKeyParam, +}; +// Re-export the legacy SerializationFormatType for backwards compatibility. +// New code should use FormatPrefix from './serialization/types.js'. export type SerializationFormatType = (typeof SerializationFormat)[keyof typeof SerializationFormat]; -/** Length of the format prefix in bytes */ -const FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH = 4; - -/** TextEncoder instance for format prefix encoding */ -const formatEncoder = new TextEncoder(); - -/** TextDecoder instance for format prefix decoding */ -const formatDecoder = new TextDecoder(); - -/** - * Encode a payload with a format prefix. - * - * @param format - The format identifier (must be exactly 4 ASCII characters) - * @param payload - The serialized payload bytes - * @returns A new Uint8Array with format prefix prepended - */ -export function encodeWithFormatPrefix( - format: SerializationFormatType, - payload: Uint8Array | unknown -): Uint8Array | unknown { - if (!(payload instanceof Uint8Array)) { - return payload; - } - - const prefixBytes = formatEncoder.encode(format); - if (prefixBytes.length !== FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH) { - throw new Error( - `Format identifier must be exactly ${FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH} ASCII characters, got "${format}" (${prefixBytes.length} bytes)` - ); - } - - const result = new Uint8Array(FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH + payload.length); - result.set(prefixBytes, 0); - result.set(payload, FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH); - return result; -} - -/** - * Peek at the format prefix without consuming it. - * Useful for checking if data is encrypted before deciding how to process it. - * - * @param data - The format-prefixed data - * @returns The format identifier, or null if data is legacy/non-binary - */ -export function peekFormatPrefix( - data: Uint8Array | unknown -): SerializationFormatType | null { - if (!(data instanceof Uint8Array) || data.length < FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH) { - return null; - } - const prefixBytes = data.subarray(0, FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH); - const format = formatDecoder.decode(prefixBytes); - const knownFormats = Object.values(SerializationFormat) as string[]; - if (!knownFormats.includes(format)) { - return null; - } - return format as SerializationFormatType; -} - -/** - * Check if data is encrypted (has 'encr' format prefix). - * - * @param data - The format-prefixed data - * @returns true if data has the encrypted format prefix - */ -export function isEncrypted(data: Uint8Array | unknown): boolean { - return peekFormatPrefix(data) === SerializationFormat.ENCRYPTED; -} - -/** - * Decode a format-prefixed payload. - * - * @param data - The format-prefixed data - * @returns An object with the format identifier and payload - * @throws Error if the data is too short or has an unknown format - */ -export function decodeFormatPrefix(data: Uint8Array | unknown): { - format: SerializationFormatType; - payload: Uint8Array; -} { - // Compat for legacy specVersion 1 runs that don't have a format prefix, - // and don't have a binary payload - if (!(data instanceof Uint8Array)) { - return { - format: SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, - payload: new TextEncoder().encode(JSON.stringify(data)), - }; - } - - if (data.length < FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH) { - throw new Error( - `Data too short to contain format prefix: expected at least ${FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH} bytes, got ${data.length}` - ); - } - - const prefixBytes = data.subarray(0, FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH); - const format = formatDecoder.decode(prefixBytes); - - // Validate the format is known - const knownFormats = Object.values(SerializationFormat) as string[]; - if (!knownFormats.includes(format)) { - throw new WorkflowRuntimeError( - `Unknown serialization format: "${format}". Known formats: ${knownFormats.join(', ')}` - ); - } - - const payload = data.subarray(FORMAT_PREFIX_LENGTH); - return { format: format as SerializationFormatType, payload }; -} - /** * Default ULID generator for contexts where VM's seeded `stableUlid` isn't available. * Used as a fallback when serializing streams outside the workflow VM context @@ -246,7 +132,7 @@ export function getStreamType(stream: ReadableStream): 'bytes' | undefined { const FRAME_HEADER_SIZE = 4; export function getSerializeStream( - reducers: Reducers, + reducers: Partial, cryptoKey: EncryptionKeyParam ): TransformStream { const encoder = new TextEncoder(); @@ -299,7 +185,7 @@ export function getSerializeStream( } export function getDeserializeStream( - revivers: Revivers, + revivers: Partial, cryptoKey: EncryptionKeyParam ): TransformStream { const decoder = new TextDecoder(); @@ -577,183 +463,39 @@ export class WorkflowServerWritableStream extends WritableStream { } } -// Types that need specialized handling when serialized/deserialized -// ! If a type is added here, it MUST also be added to the `Serializable` type in `schemas.ts` -export interface SerializableSpecial { - ArrayBuffer: string; // base64 string - BigInt: string; // string representation of bigint - BigInt64Array: string; // base64 string - BigUint64Array: string; // base64 string - Date: string; // ISO string - Float32Array: string; // base64 string - Float64Array: string; // base64 string - Error: Record; - Headers: [string, string][]; - Int8Array: string; // base64 string - Int16Array: string; // base64 string - Int32Array: string; // base64 string - Map: [any, any][]; - ReadableStream: - | { name: string; type?: 'bytes'; startIndex?: number } - | { bodyInit: any }; - RegExp: { source: string; flags: string }; - Request: { - method: string; - url: string; - headers: Headers; - body: Request['body']; - duplex: Request['duplex']; - - // This is specifically for the `RequestWithResponse` type which is used for webhooks - responseWritable?: WritableStream; - }; - Response: { - type: Response['type']; - url: string; - status: number; - statusText: string; - headers: Headers; - body: Response['body']; - redirected: boolean; - }; - Class: { - classId: string; - }; - /** - * Custom serialized class instance. - * The class must have a `classId` property and be registered for deserialization. - */ - Instance: { - classId: string; // Unique identifier for the class (used for lookup during deserialization) - data: unknown; // The serialized instance data - }; - Set: any[]; - StepFunction: { - stepId: string; - closureVars?: Record; - }; - URL: string; - URLSearchParams: string; - Uint8Array: string; // base64 string - Uint8ClampedArray: string; // base64 string - Uint16Array: string; // base64 string - Uint32Array: string; // base64 string - WritableStream: { name: string }; -} - -type Reducers = { - [K in keyof SerializableSpecial]: ( - value: any - ) => SerializableSpecial[K] | false; -}; - -type Revivers = { - [K in keyof SerializableSpecial]: (value: SerializableSpecial[K]) => any; -}; +// Re-export types from the modular serialization modules. +export type { + Reducers, + Revivers, + SerializableSpecial, +} from './serialization/types.js'; -function revive(str: string) { - // biome-ignore lint/security/noGlobalEval: Eval is safe here - we are only passing value from `devalue.stringify()` - // biome-ignore lint/complexity/noCommaOperator: This is how you do global scope eval - return (0, eval)(`(${str})`); -} +// Import types locally for use within this file. +import type { + Reducers, + Revivers, + SerializableSpecial, +} from './serialization/types.js'; -function getCommonReducers(global: Record = globalThis) { - const abToBase64 = ( - value: ArrayBufferLike, - offset: number, - length: number - ) => { - // Avoid returning falsy value for zero-length buffers - if (length === 0) return '.'; - // Create a proper copy to avoid ArrayBuffer detachment issues - // Buffer.from(ArrayBuffer, offset, length) creates a view, not a copy - const uint8 = new Uint8Array(value, offset, length); - return Buffer.from(uint8).toString('base64'); - }; - const viewToBase64 = (value: ArrayBufferView) => - abToBase64(value.buffer, value.byteOffset, value.byteLength); +// ---- Composed reducers ---- +// Composes modular reducers (common, class, step-function) with +// mode-specific Request/Response/Stream reducers below. +/** + * Base reducers shared across all serialization boundaries. + * Composes: class + step-function + common reducers from the modular modules. + */ +function getAllBaseReducers( + global: Record = globalThis +): Partial { + // Class/Instance MUST come before Error so that custom Error subclasses + // with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE take precedence (devalue uses first-match-wins). return { - ArrayBuffer: (value) => - value instanceof global.ArrayBuffer && - abToBase64(value, 0, value.byteLength), - BigInt: (value) => typeof value === 'bigint' && value.toString(), - BigInt64Array: (value) => - value instanceof global.BigInt64Array && viewToBase64(value), - BigUint64Array: (value) => - value instanceof global.BigUint64Array && viewToBase64(value), - // Class and Instance are intentionally placed before Error so that - // custom Error subclasses with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE take precedence - // over the generic Error serialization (devalue uses first-match-wins). - Class: (value) => { - // Check if this is a class constructor with a classId property - // (set by the SWC plugin for classes with static step/workflow methods) - if (typeof value !== 'function') return false; - const classId = (value as any).classId; - if (typeof classId !== 'string') return false; - return { classId }; - }, - Instance: (value) => { - // Check if this is an instance of a class with custom serialization - if (value === null || typeof value !== 'object') return false; - const cls = value.constructor; - if (!cls || typeof cls !== 'function') return false; - - // Check if the class has a static WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE method - const serialize = cls[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE]; - if (typeof serialize !== 'function') { - return false; - } - - // Get the classId from the static class property (set by SWC plugin) - const classId = cls.classId; - if (typeof classId !== 'string') { - throw new Error( - `Class "${cls.name}" with ${String(WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE)} must have a static "classId" property.` - ); - } - - // Serialize the instance using the custom serializer - const data = serialize.call(cls, value); - return { classId, data }; - }, - Date: (value) => { - if (!(value instanceof global.Date)) return false; - const valid = !Number.isNaN(value.getDate()); - // Note: "." is to avoid returning a falsy value when the date is invalid - return valid ? value.toISOString() : '.'; - }, - Error: (value) => { - // Use types.isNativeError() instead of `instanceof global.Error` - // because errors may originate from a different VM context (e.g. - // FatalError from the host context passed into a VM-context workflow). - // `instanceof` checks fail across VM boundaries since each context - // has its own Error constructor, but isNativeError() uses V8's - // internal type tag which works across all contexts. - if (!types.isNativeError(value)) return false; - return { - name: value.name, - message: value.message, - stack: value.stack, - }; - }, - Float32Array: (value) => - value instanceof global.Float32Array && viewToBase64(value), - Float64Array: (value) => - value instanceof global.Float64Array && viewToBase64(value), - Headers: (value) => value instanceof global.Headers && Array.from(value), - Int8Array: (value) => - value instanceof global.Int8Array && viewToBase64(value), - Int16Array: (value) => - value instanceof global.Int16Array && viewToBase64(value), - Int32Array: (value) => - value instanceof global.Int32Array && viewToBase64(value), - Map: (value) => value instanceof global.Map && Array.from(value), - RegExp: (value) => - value instanceof global.RegExp && { - source: value.source, - flags: value.flags, - }, + ...getClassReducers(), + ...getStepFunctionReducer(), + ...getCommonReducers(global), + // Request and Response reducers are mode-specific and added by + // getExternalReducers / getWorkflowReducers / getStepReducers below. Request: (value) => { if (!(value instanceof global.Request)) return false; const data: SerializableSpecial['Request'] = { @@ -781,41 +523,7 @@ function getCommonReducers(global: Record = globalThis) { redirected: value.redirected, }; }, - Set: (value) => value instanceof global.Set && Array.from(value), - StepFunction: (value) => { - if (typeof value !== 'function') return false; - const stepId = (value as any).stepId; - if (typeof stepId !== 'string') return false; - - // Check if the step function has closure variables - const closureVarsFn = (value as any).__closureVarsFn; - if (closureVarsFn && typeof closureVarsFn === 'function') { - // Invoke the closure variables function and serialize along with stepId - const closureVars = closureVarsFn(); - return { stepId, closureVars }; - } - - // No closure variables - return object with just stepId - return { stepId }; - }, - URL: (value) => value instanceof global.URL && value.href, - URLSearchParams: (value) => { - if (!(value instanceof global.URLSearchParams)) return false; - - // Avoid returning a falsy value when the URLSearchParams is empty - if (value.size === 0) return '.'; - - return String(value); - }, - Uint8Array: (value) => - value instanceof global.Uint8Array && viewToBase64(value), - Uint8ClampedArray: (value) => - value instanceof global.Uint8ClampedArray && viewToBase64(value), - Uint16Array: (value) => - value instanceof global.Uint16Array && viewToBase64(value), - Uint32Array: (value) => - value instanceof global.Uint32Array && viewToBase64(value), - } as const satisfies Partial; + }; } /** @@ -831,9 +539,9 @@ export function getExternalReducers( ops: Promise[], runId: string, cryptoKey: EncryptionKeyParam -): Reducers { +): Partial { return { - ...getCommonReducers(global), + ...getAllBaseReducers(global), ReadableStream: (value) => { if (!(value instanceof global.ReadableStream)) return false; @@ -891,9 +599,9 @@ export function getExternalReducers( */ export function getWorkflowReducers( global: Record = globalThis -): Reducers { +): Partial { return { - ...getCommonReducers(global), + ...getAllBaseReducers(global), // Readable/Writable streams from within the workflow execution environment // are simply "handles" that can be passed around to other steps. @@ -942,9 +650,9 @@ function getStepReducers( ops: Promise[], runId: string, cryptoKey: EncryptionKeyParam -): Reducers { +): Partial { return { - ...getCommonReducers(global), + ...getAllBaseReducers(global), ReadableStream: (value) => { if (!(value instanceof global.ReadableStream)) return false; @@ -1011,115 +719,16 @@ function getStepReducers( }; } +/** + * Base revivers shared across all serialization boundaries. + * Composes: class + common revivers from the modular modules. + * + * This is exported because serialization-format.ts and other files reference it. + */ export function getCommonRevivers(global: Record = globalThis) { - function reviveArrayBuffer(value: string) { - // Handle sentinel value for zero-length buffers - const base64 = value === '.' ? '' : value; - const buffer = Buffer.from(base64, 'base64'); - const arrayBuffer = new global.ArrayBuffer(buffer.length); - const uint8Array = new global.Uint8Array(arrayBuffer); - uint8Array.set(buffer); - return arrayBuffer; - } return { - ArrayBuffer: reviveArrayBuffer, - BigInt: (value: string) => global.BigInt(value), - BigInt64Array: (value: string) => { - const ab = reviveArrayBuffer(value); - return new global.BigInt64Array(ab); - }, - BigUint64Array: (value: string) => { - const ab = reviveArrayBuffer(value); - return new global.BigUint64Array(ab); - }, - Date: (value) => new global.Date(value), - Error: (value) => { - const error = new global.Error(value.message); - error.name = value.name; - error.stack = value.stack; - return error; - }, - Float32Array: (value: string) => { - const ab = reviveArrayBuffer(value); - return new global.Float32Array(ab); - }, - Float64Array: (value: string) => { - const ab = reviveArrayBuffer(value); - return new global.Float64Array(ab); - }, - Headers: (value) => new global.Headers(value), - Int8Array: (value: string) => { - const ab = reviveArrayBuffer(value); - return new global.Int8Array(ab); - }, - Int16Array: (value: string) => { - const ab = reviveArrayBuffer(value); - return new global.Int16Array(ab); - }, - Int32Array: (value: string) => { - const ab = reviveArrayBuffer(value); - return new global.Int32Array(ab); - }, - Map: (value) => new global.Map(value), - RegExp: (value) => new global.RegExp(value.source, value.flags), - Class: (value) => { - const classId = value.classId; - // Pass the global object to support VM contexts where classes are registered - // on the VM's global rather than the host's globalThis - const cls = getSerializationClass(classId, global); - if (!cls) { - throw new Error( - `Class "${classId}" not found. Make sure the class is registered with registerSerializationClass.` - ); - } - return cls; - }, - Instance: (value) => { - const classId = value.classId; - const data = value.data; - - // Look up the class by classId from the registry - // Pass the global object to support VM contexts where classes are registered - // on the VM's global rather than the host's globalThis - const cls = getSerializationClass(classId, global); - - if (!cls) { - throw new Error( - `Class "${classId}" not found. Make sure the class is registered with registerSerializationClass.` - ); - } - - // Get the deserializer from the class - const deserialize = (cls as any)[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]; - if (typeof deserialize !== 'function') { - throw new Error( - `Class "${classId}" does not have a static ${String(WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE)} method.` - ); - } - - // Deserialize the instance using the custom deserializer - return deserialize.call(cls, data); - }, - Set: (value) => new global.Set(value), - URL: (value) => new global.URL(value), - URLSearchParams: (value) => - new global.URLSearchParams(value === '.' ? '' : value), - Uint8Array: (value: string) => { - const ab = reviveArrayBuffer(value); - return new global.Uint8Array(ab); - }, - Uint8ClampedArray: (value: string) => { - const ab = reviveArrayBuffer(value); - return new global.Uint8ClampedArray(ab); - }, - Uint16Array: (value: string) => { - const ab = reviveArrayBuffer(value); - return new global.Uint16Array(ab); - }, - Uint32Array: (value: string) => { - const ab = reviveArrayBuffer(value); - return new global.Uint32Array(ab); - }, + ...getClassRevivers(global), + ...getCommonReviversFromModule(global), } as const satisfies Partial; } @@ -1136,7 +745,7 @@ export function getExternalRevivers( ops: Promise[], runId: string, cryptoKey: EncryptionKeyParam -): Revivers { +): Partial { return { ...getCommonRevivers(global), @@ -1252,38 +861,12 @@ export function getExternalRevivers( */ export function getWorkflowRevivers( global: Record = globalThis -): Revivers { - // Get the useStep function from the VM's globalThis - // This is set up by the workflow runner in workflow.ts - // Use Symbol.for directly to access the symbol on the global object - const useStep = (global as any)[Symbol.for('WORKFLOW_USE_STEP')] as - | (( - stepId: string, - closureVarsFn?: () => Record - ) => (...args: unknown[]) => Promise) - | undefined; - +): Partial { return { ...getCommonRevivers(global), - // StepFunction reviver for workflow context - returns useStep wrapper - // This allows step functions passed as arguments to start() to be called directly - // from workflow code, just like step functions defined in the same file - StepFunction: (value) => { - const stepId = value.stepId; - const closureVars = value.closureVars; - - if (!useStep) { - throw new Error( - 'WORKFLOW_USE_STEP not found on global object. Step functions cannot be deserialized outside workflow context.' - ); - } - - if (closureVars) { - // For step functions with closure variables, create a wrapper that provides them - return useStep(stepId, () => closureVars); - } - return useStep(stepId); - }, + // StepFunction reviver for workflow context - uses the modular reviver + // which calls WORKFLOW_USE_STEP from global to reconstruct step proxies + ...getStepFunctionReviver(global), Request: (value) => { Object.setPrototypeOf(value, global.Request.prototype); const responseWritable = value.responseWritable; @@ -1351,7 +934,7 @@ function getStepRevivers( ops: Promise[], runId: string, cryptoKey: EncryptionKeyParam -): Revivers { +): Partial { return { ...getCommonRevivers(global), @@ -1515,62 +1098,32 @@ function getStepRevivers( // ============================================================================ // Encryption Helpers // ============================================================================ +// These delegate to the modular `encrypt`/`decrypt` from `./serialization/encryption.js` +// but are kept as named exports for backwards compatibility with existing consumers. /** * Encrypt data if the world supports encryption. * Returns original data if encryption is not available. * - * @param data - Serialized data to encrypt - * @param key - Encryption key (undefined to skip encryption) - * @param context - Encryption context with runId - * @returns Encrypted data if encryption available, original data otherwise + * @deprecated Use `encrypt` from `./serialization/encryption.js` instead. */ export async function maybeEncrypt( data: Uint8Array, key: CryptoKey | undefined ): Promise { - if (!key) return data; - const encrypted = await aesGcmEncrypt(key, data); - return encodeWithFormatPrefix( - SerializationFormat.ENCRYPTED, - encrypted - ) as Uint8Array; + return (await encrypt(data, key)) as Uint8Array; } /** * Decrypt data if it has the 'encr' prefix. * - * @param data - Data that may be encrypted - * @param key - Encryption key (undefined if no key available) - * @returns Decrypted data if encrypted, original data otherwise - * @throws {WorkflowRuntimeError} If the data is encrypted but no key is - * available. Callers (e.g., `Run.pollReturnValue()`, `hydrateStepReturnValue`) - * should be aware this can surface as a rejected promise during key rotation - * or misconfiguration scenarios. + * @deprecated Use `decrypt` from `./serialization/encryption.js` instead. */ export async function maybeDecrypt( data: Uint8Array | unknown, key: CryptoKey | undefined ): Promise { - // Legacy specVersion 1 runs stored event data as plain JSON arrays - // (not binary Uint8Array). Pass through as-is for backwards compat. - if (!(data instanceof Uint8Array)) { - return data; - } - - if (isEncrypted(data)) { - if (!key) { - throw new WorkflowRuntimeError( - 'Encrypted data encountered but no encryption key is available. ' + - 'Encryption is not configured or no key was provided for this run.' - ); - } - // Strip the 'encr' format prefix — the prefix is a core framing concern - const { payload } = decodeFormatPrefix(data); - return aesGcmDecrypt(key, payload); - } - - return data; + return decrypt(data, key); } // ============================================================================ diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts index a21d14547f..b75f3f12da 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts @@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ import { encrypt as aesGcmEncrypt, type CryptoKey, } from '../encryption.js'; -import { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; import { decodeFormatPrefix, encodeWithFormatPrefix, peekFormatPrefix, } from './format.js'; +import { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; export type { CryptoKey }; @@ -65,7 +65,8 @@ export async function decrypt( // If the data is encrypted but no key was provided, fail fast. if (format === SerializationFormat.ENCRYPTED && !key) { throw new Error( - 'Encrypted payload encountered but no decryption key was provided.' + 'Encrypted data encountered but no encryption key is available. ' + + 'Encryption is not configured or no key was provided for this run.' ); } diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/serialization.test.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/serialization.test.ts index 5b4f9aafaa..ace5b0f8e3 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/serialization.test.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/serialization.test.ts @@ -1,18 +1,37 @@ -import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'; -import * as workflow from './workflow.js'; -import * as step from './step.js'; +import { WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE, WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE } from '@workflow/serde'; +import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'; +import { registerSerializationClass } from '../class-serialization.js'; +import { importKey } from '../encryption.js'; import * as client from './client.js'; import { devalueCodec } from './codec-devalue.js'; +import { decrypt, encrypt } from './encryption.js'; import { - encodeWithFormatPrefix, decodeFormatPrefix, - peekFormatPrefix, + encodeWithFormatPrefix, isEncrypted, + peekFormatPrefix, } from './format.js'; -import { SerializationFormat, isFormatPrefix } from './types.js'; -import { importKey } from '../encryption.js'; +import { getClassReducers, getClassRevivers } from './reducers/class.js'; +import { getCommonReducers, getCommonRevivers } from './reducers/common.js'; +import { + getStepFunctionReducer, + getStepFunctionReviver, +} from './reducers/step-function.js'; +import * as step from './step.js'; +import { isFormatPrefix, SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; +import * as workflow from './workflow.js'; + +// ---- Helper to create an encryption key ---- + +async function makeKey(): Promise { + const raw = new Uint8Array(32); + raw.fill(0x42); + return importKey(raw); +} -// ---- isFormatPrefix type guard ---- +// ============================================================================ +// types.ts — FormatPrefix & SerializationFormat +// ============================================================================ describe('isFormatPrefix', () => { it('should accept valid 4-char lowercase alphanumeric strings', () => { @@ -51,12 +70,38 @@ describe('isFormatPrefix', () => { expect(isFormatPrefix('de.l')).toBe(false); expect(isFormatPrefix('de l')).toBe(false); }); + + it('should handle boundary alpha/numeric chars', () => { + expect(isFormatPrefix('aaaa')).toBe(true); + expect(isFormatPrefix('zzzz')).toBe(true); + expect(isFormatPrefix('0000')).toBe(true); + expect(isFormatPrefix('9999')).toBe(true); + expect(isFormatPrefix('a0z9')).toBe(true); + }); +}); + +describe('SerializationFormat constants', () => { + it('should have DEVALUE_V1 = "devl"', () => { + expect(SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1).toBe('devl'); + }); + + it('should have ENCRYPTED = "encr"', () => { + expect(SerializationFormat.ENCRYPTED).toBe('encr'); + }); + + it('all values should be valid format prefixes', () => { + for (const value of Object.values(SerializationFormat)) { + expect(isFormatPrefix(value)).toBe(true); + } + }); }); -// ---- Format prefix ---- +// ============================================================================ +// format.ts — encodeWithFormatPrefix, decodeFormatPrefix, peekFormatPrefix, isEncrypted +// ============================================================================ -describe('format prefix', () => { - it('should encode and decode format prefix', () => { +describe('encodeWithFormatPrefix', () => { + it('should prepend 4-byte prefix to payload', () => { const payload = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]); const encoded = encodeWithFormatPrefix( SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, @@ -64,12 +109,100 @@ describe('format prefix', () => { ) as Uint8Array; expect(encoded.length).toBe(4 + 3); + // First 4 bytes should be 'devl' + expect(new TextDecoder().decode(encoded.subarray(0, 4))).toBe('devl'); + // Remaining bytes should be the payload + expect(Array.from(encoded.subarray(4))).toEqual([1, 2, 3]); + }); + + it('should return non-Uint8Array values unchanged', () => { + const str = 'hello'; + expect(encodeWithFormatPrefix(SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, str)).toBe( + str + ); + + const num = 42; + expect(encodeWithFormatPrefix(SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, num)).toBe( + num + ); + + expect( + encodeWithFormatPrefix(SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, null) + ).toBeNull(); + }); + + it('should handle empty payload', () => { + const payload = new Uint8Array(0); + const encoded = encodeWithFormatPrefix( + SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, + payload + ) as Uint8Array; + expect(encoded.length).toBe(4); + }); + + it('should handle large payloads', () => { + const payload = new Uint8Array(100000); + payload.fill(0xff); + const encoded = encodeWithFormatPrefix( + SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, + payload + ) as Uint8Array; + expect(encoded.length).toBe(4 + 100000); + }); +}); + +describe('decodeFormatPrefix', () => { + it('should decode a valid format-prefixed payload', () => { + const payload = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]); + const encoded = encodeWithFormatPrefix( + SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, + payload + ) as Uint8Array; + const decoded = decodeFormatPrefix(encoded); expect(decoded.format).toBe('devl'); expect(decoded.payload).toEqual(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3])); }); - it('should peek format prefix', () => { + it('should handle legacy non-binary data', () => { + const legacyData = [1, 'hello', { a: 2 }]; + const decoded = decodeFormatPrefix(legacyData); + expect(decoded.format).toBe('devl'); + expect(decoded.payload).toEqual( + new TextEncoder().encode(JSON.stringify(legacyData)) + ); + }); + + it('should throw for data too short', () => { + expect(() => decodeFormatPrefix(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]))).toThrow( + /Data too short to contain format prefix/ + ); + expect(() => decodeFormatPrefix(new Uint8Array([]))).toThrow( + /Data too short to contain format prefix/ + ); + }); + + it('should throw for invalid format prefix bytes', () => { + // Non-alphanumeric bytes + const data = new Uint8Array([0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3]); + expect(() => decodeFormatPrefix(data)).toThrow(/Invalid format prefix/); + }); + + it('should decode encrypted format prefix', () => { + const payload = new Uint8Array([10, 20]); + const encoded = encodeWithFormatPrefix( + SerializationFormat.ENCRYPTED, + payload + ) as Uint8Array; + + const decoded = decodeFormatPrefix(encoded); + expect(decoded.format).toBe('encr'); + expect(decoded.payload).toEqual(new Uint8Array([10, 20])); + }); +}); + +describe('peekFormatPrefix', () => { + it('should return prefix for valid format-prefixed data', () => { const payload = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]); const encoded = encodeWithFormatPrefix( SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, @@ -77,65 +210,703 @@ describe('format prefix', () => { ) as Uint8Array; expect(peekFormatPrefix(encoded)).toBe('devl'); - expect(peekFormatPrefix(new Uint8Array([0, 0, 0, 0]))).toBeNull(); + }); + + it('should return null for non-binary data', () => { expect(peekFormatPrefix('not binary')).toBeNull(); + expect(peekFormatPrefix(42)).toBeNull(); + expect(peekFormatPrefix(null)).toBeNull(); + expect(peekFormatPrefix(undefined)).toBeNull(); + }); + + it('should return null for data too short', () => { + expect(peekFormatPrefix(new Uint8Array([1]))).toBeNull(); + expect(peekFormatPrefix(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]))).toBeNull(); + }); + + it('should return null for non-alphanumeric prefix bytes', () => { + expect(peekFormatPrefix(new Uint8Array([0, 0, 0, 0]))).toBeNull(); + // Uppercase 'D' = 0x44 + expect( + peekFormatPrefix(new Uint8Array([0x44, 0x45, 0x56, 0x4c])) + ).toBeNull(); }); it('should accept unknown but valid format prefixes', () => { - // A future codec can use any [a-z0-9]{4} prefix const payload = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]); const encoded = encodeWithFormatPrefix( 'cbor' as any, payload ) as Uint8Array; expect(peekFormatPrefix(encoded)).toBe('cbor'); + }); +}); - const decoded = decodeFormatPrefix(encoded); - expect(decoded.format).toBe('cbor'); - expect(decoded.payload).toEqual(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3])); +describe('isEncrypted', () => { + it('should return true for encrypted data', () => { + const payload = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]); + const encr = encodeWithFormatPrefix(SerializationFormat.ENCRYPTED, payload); + expect(isEncrypted(encr)).toBe(true); }); - it('should detect encrypted data', () => { + it('should return false for non-encrypted data', () => { const payload = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]); const devl = encodeWithFormatPrefix( SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, payload ); - const encr = encodeWithFormatPrefix(SerializationFormat.ENCRYPTED, payload); - expect(isEncrypted(devl)).toBe(false); - expect(isEncrypted(encr)).toBe(true); + }); + + it('should return false for non-binary data', () => { + expect(isEncrypted('hello')).toBe(false); + expect(isEncrypted(42)).toBe(false); + expect(isEncrypted(null)).toBe(false); + }); +}); + +// ============================================================================ +// encryption.ts — encrypt / decrypt +// ============================================================================ + +describe('encrypt', () => { + it('should return data unchanged when no key provided', async () => { + const data = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]); + const result = await encrypt(data, undefined); + expect(result).toBe(data); + }); + + it('should return non-Uint8Array data unchanged even with key', async () => { + const key = await makeKey(); + const data = 'string data'; + const result = await encrypt(data, key); + expect(result).toBe(data); + }); + + it('should encrypt and add encr prefix when key provided', async () => { + const key = await makeKey(); + const data = encodeWithFormatPrefix( + SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, + new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]) + ) as Uint8Array; + + const encrypted = await encrypt(data, key); + expect(encrypted).toBeInstanceOf(Uint8Array); + expect(isEncrypted(encrypted)).toBe(true); }); }); -// ---- Devalue codec ---- +describe('decrypt', () => { + it('should return non-binary data unchanged', async () => { + const data = [1, 2, 3]; + const result = await decrypt(data, undefined); + expect(result).toBe(data); + }); + + it('should return non-encrypted binary data unchanged', async () => { + const data = encodeWithFormatPrefix( + SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, + new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]) + ) as Uint8Array; + + const result = await decrypt(data, undefined); + expect(result).toBe(data); + }); + + it('should throw when encrypted data has no key', async () => { + const key = await makeKey(); + const data = encodeWithFormatPrefix( + SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, + new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]) + ) as Uint8Array; + const encrypted = await encrypt(data, key); + + await expect(decrypt(encrypted, undefined)).rejects.toThrow( + /Encrypted data encountered but no encryption key/ + ); + }); + + it('should round-trip encrypt/decrypt', async () => { + const key = await makeKey(); + const data = encodeWithFormatPrefix( + SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, + new Uint8Array([10, 20, 30]) + ) as Uint8Array; + + const encrypted = await encrypt(data, key); + const decrypted = await decrypt(encrypted, key); + expect(decrypted).toEqual(data); + }); +}); + +// ============================================================================ +// reducers/common.ts — getCommonReducers / getCommonRevivers +// ============================================================================ + +describe('common reducers', () => { + const reducers = getCommonReducers(); + + it('should reduce ArrayBuffer', () => { + const ab = new ArrayBuffer(3); + new Uint8Array(ab).set([1, 2, 3]); + const result = reducers.ArrayBuffer!(ab); + expect(typeof result).toBe('string'); + expect(result).not.toBe(false); + }); + + it('should reduce zero-length ArrayBuffer', () => { + const ab = new ArrayBuffer(0); + const result = reducers.ArrayBuffer!(ab); + expect(result).toBe('.'); + }); + + it('should return false for non-ArrayBuffer', () => { + expect(reducers.ArrayBuffer!('not an arraybuffer')).toBe(false); + }); + + it('should reduce BigInt', () => { + const result = reducers.BigInt!(42n); + expect(result).toBe('42'); + }); + + it('should return false for non-bigint', () => { + expect(reducers.BigInt!(42)).toBe(false); + }); + + it('should reduce Date', () => { + const date = new Date('2025-06-15T12:00:00Z'); + const result = reducers.Date!(date); + expect(result).toBe('2025-06-15T12:00:00.000Z'); + }); + + it('should reduce invalid Date to sentinel', () => { + const result = reducers.Date!(new Date('invalid')); + expect(result).toBe('.'); + }); + + it('should reduce Error', () => { + const err = new TypeError('test'); + const result = reducers.Error!(err) as Record; + expect(result).not.toBe(false); + expect(result.name).toBe('TypeError'); + expect(result.message).toBe('test'); + expect(typeof result.stack).toBe('string'); + }); + + it('should return false for non-Error objects', () => { + expect(reducers.Error!({ message: 'fake' })).toBe(false); + expect(reducers.Error!('not an error')).toBe(false); + }); + + it('should reduce Map', () => { + const map = new Map([ + ['a', 1], + ['b', 2], + ]); + const result = reducers.Map!(map); + expect(result).toEqual([ + ['a', 1], + ['b', 2], + ]); + }); + + it('should reduce Set', () => { + const set = new Set([1, 2, 3]); + const result = reducers.Set!(set); + expect(result).toEqual([1, 2, 3]); + }); + + it('should reduce URL', () => { + const url = new URL('https://example.com/path'); + const result = reducers.URL!(url); + expect(result).toBe('https://example.com/path'); + }); + + it('should reduce RegExp', () => { + const re = /foo/gi; + const result = reducers.RegExp!(re) as { source: string; flags: string }; + expect(result).toEqual({ source: 'foo', flags: 'gi' }); + }); + + it('should reduce Headers', () => { + const headers = new Headers({ 'Content-Type': 'text/plain' }); + const result = reducers.Headers!(headers) as [string, string][]; + expect(result).toEqual([['content-type', 'text/plain']]); + }); + + it('should reduce URLSearchParams', () => { + const params = new URLSearchParams('a=1&b=2'); + const result = reducers.URLSearchParams!(params); + expect(result).toBe('a=1&b=2'); + }); + + it('should reduce empty URLSearchParams to sentinel', () => { + const params = new URLSearchParams(); + const result = reducers.URLSearchParams!(params); + expect(result).toBe('.'); + }); + + it('should reduce Uint8Array', () => { + const arr = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]); + const result = reducers.Uint8Array!(arr); + expect(typeof result).toBe('string'); + expect(result).not.toBe(false); + }); + + it('should reduce typed arrays', () => { + expect(reducers.Int8Array!(new Int8Array([1, 2]))).not.toBe(false); + expect(reducers.Int16Array!(new Int16Array([1, 2]))).not.toBe(false); + expect(reducers.Int32Array!(new Int32Array([1, 2]))).not.toBe(false); + expect(reducers.Float32Array!(new Float32Array([1.0]))).not.toBe(false); + expect(reducers.Float64Array!(new Float64Array([1.0]))).not.toBe(false); + expect(reducers.Uint8ClampedArray!(new Uint8ClampedArray([1]))).not.toBe( + false + ); + expect(reducers.Uint16Array!(new Uint16Array([1]))).not.toBe(false); + expect(reducers.Uint32Array!(new Uint32Array([1]))).not.toBe(false); + }); +}); + +describe('common revivers', () => { + const revivers = getCommonRevivers(); + const reducers = getCommonReducers(); + + it('should round-trip ArrayBuffer', () => { + const ab = new ArrayBuffer(3); + new Uint8Array(ab).set([1, 2, 3]); + const reduced = reducers.ArrayBuffer!(ab) as string; + const revived = revivers.ArrayBuffer!(reduced) as ArrayBuffer; + expect(new Uint8Array(revived)).toEqual(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3])); + }); + + it('should round-trip zero-length ArrayBuffer', () => { + const ab = new ArrayBuffer(0); + const reduced = reducers.ArrayBuffer!(ab) as string; + const revived = revivers.ArrayBuffer!(reduced) as ArrayBuffer; + expect(revived.byteLength).toBe(0); + }); + + it('should round-trip BigInt', () => { + const reduced = reducers.BigInt!(123456789012345678901234567890n) as string; + const revived = revivers.BigInt!(reduced); + expect(revived).toBe(123456789012345678901234567890n); + }); + + it('should round-trip Date', () => { + const date = new Date('2025-01-15T08:30:00Z'); + const reduced = reducers.Date!(date) as string; + const revived = revivers.Date!(reduced) as Date; + expect(revived).toBeInstanceOf(Date); + expect(revived.toISOString()).toBe('2025-01-15T08:30:00.000Z'); + }); + + it('should round-trip Error', () => { + const err = new RangeError('out of range'); + const reduced = reducers.Error!(err) as Record; + const revived = revivers.Error!(reduced) as Error; + expect(revived).toBeInstanceOf(Error); + expect(revived.name).toBe('RangeError'); + expect(revived.message).toBe('out of range'); + }); + + it('should round-trip Map', () => { + const map = new Map([ + ['x', 10], + ['y', 20], + ]); + const reduced = reducers.Map!(map) as [string, number][]; + const revived = revivers.Map!(reduced) as Map; + expect(revived).toBeInstanceOf(Map); + expect(revived.get('x')).toBe(10); + expect(revived.get('y')).toBe(20); + }); + + it('should round-trip Set', () => { + const set = new Set([4, 5, 6]); + const reduced = reducers.Set!(set) as number[]; + const revived = revivers.Set!(reduced) as Set; + expect(revived).toBeInstanceOf(Set); + expect(revived.has(4)).toBe(true); + expect(revived.size).toBe(3); + }); + + it('should round-trip URL', () => { + const url = new URL('https://test.com/foo?bar=baz'); + const reduced = reducers.URL!(url) as string; + const revived = revivers.URL!(reduced) as URL; + expect(revived).toBeInstanceOf(URL); + expect(revived.href).toBe('https://test.com/foo?bar=baz'); + }); + + it('should round-trip RegExp', () => { + const re = /test\d+/i; + const reduced = reducers.RegExp!(re) as { source: string; flags: string }; + const revived = revivers.RegExp!(reduced) as RegExp; + expect(revived).toBeInstanceOf(RegExp); + expect(revived.source).toBe('test\\d+'); + expect(revived.flags).toBe('i'); + }); + + it('should round-trip Headers', () => { + const headers = new Headers({ Authorization: 'Bearer token' }); + const reduced = reducers.Headers!(headers) as [string, string][]; + const revived = revivers.Headers!(reduced) as Headers; + expect(revived).toBeInstanceOf(Headers); + expect(revived.get('authorization')).toBe('Bearer token'); + }); + + it('should round-trip URLSearchParams', () => { + const params = new URLSearchParams('foo=1&bar=2'); + const reduced = reducers.URLSearchParams!(params) as string; + const revived = revivers.URLSearchParams!(reduced) as URLSearchParams; + expect(revived).toBeInstanceOf(URLSearchParams); + expect(revived.get('foo')).toBe('1'); + expect(revived.get('bar')).toBe('2'); + }); + + it('should round-trip empty URLSearchParams', () => { + const params = new URLSearchParams(); + const reduced = reducers.URLSearchParams!(params) as string; + const revived = revivers.URLSearchParams!(reduced) as URLSearchParams; + expect(revived).toBeInstanceOf(URLSearchParams); + expect(revived.size).toBe(0); + }); + + it('should round-trip typed arrays', () => { + const cases: [string, ArrayBufferView][] = [ + ['Int8Array', new Int8Array([1, -2])], + ['Int16Array', new Int16Array([1000, -2000])], + ['Int32Array', new Int32Array([100000, -200000])], + ['Float32Array', new Float32Array([1.5])], + ['Float64Array', new Float64Array([1.123456789])], + ['Uint8ClampedArray', new Uint8ClampedArray([255, 0])], + ['Uint16Array', new Uint16Array([65535])], + ['Uint32Array', new Uint32Array([4294967295])], + ]; + + for (const [name, arr] of cases) { + const reduced = (reducers as any)[name]!(arr) as string; + const revived = (revivers as any)[name]!(reduced) as ArrayBufferView; + expect(revived.constructor.name).toBe(name); + expect(Array.from(new Uint8Array(revived.buffer))).toEqual( + Array.from(new Uint8Array(arr.buffer)) + ); + } + }); +}); + +// ============================================================================ +// reducers/class.ts — getClassReducers / getClassRevivers +// ============================================================================ + +describe('class reducers', () => { + const reducers = getClassReducers(); + + it('should reduce class constructors with classId', () => { + const MyClass = class MyClass {} as any; + MyClass.classId = 'test-class-id'; + + const result = reducers.Class!(MyClass); + expect(result).toEqual({ classId: 'test-class-id' }); + }); + + it('should return false for non-functions', () => { + expect(reducers.Class!('not a function')).toBe(false); + expect(reducers.Class!(42)).toBe(false); + expect(reducers.Class!({})).toBe(false); + }); + + it('should return false for functions without classId', () => { + expect(reducers.Class!(() => {})).toBe(false); + }); + + it('should reduce instances with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE', () => { + class SerializableClass { + value: number; + constructor(value: number) { + this.value = value; + } + static classId = 'serializable-test'; + static [WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](instance: SerializableClass) { + return { v: instance.value }; + } + } + + const instance = new SerializableClass(42); + const result = reducers.Instance!(instance) as { + classId: string; + data: any; + }; + expect(result).toEqual({ classId: 'serializable-test', data: { v: 42 } }); + }); + + it('should return false for instances without WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE', () => { + const instance = { hello: 'world' }; + expect(reducers.Instance!(instance)).toBe(false); + }); + + it('should throw for instances with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE but no classId', () => { + class NoClassId { + static [WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE]() { + return {}; + } + } + expect(() => reducers.Instance!(new NoClassId())).toThrow(/classId/); + }); + + it('should return false for null/primitive values in Instance', () => { + expect(reducers.Instance!(null)).toBe(false); + expect(reducers.Instance!(42)).toBe(false); + expect(reducers.Instance!('string')).toBe(false); + }); +}); + +describe('class revivers', () => { + it('should revive Class by looking up from registry', () => { + class RevivableClass { + static classId = 'revivable-test'; + } + registerSerializationClass('revivable-test', RevivableClass); + + const revivers = getClassRevivers(); + const result = revivers.Class!({ classId: 'revivable-test' }); + expect(result).toBe(RevivableClass); + }); + + it('should throw for unknown classId', () => { + const revivers = getClassRevivers(); + expect(() => revivers.Class!({ classId: 'non-existent-class' })).toThrow( + /not found/ + ); + }); + + it('should revive Instance with WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE', () => { + class DeserializableClass { + value: number; + constructor(value: number) { + this.value = value; + } + static classId = 'deserializable-test'; + static [WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: { v: number }) { + return new DeserializableClass(data.v); + } + } + registerSerializationClass('deserializable-test', DeserializableClass); + + const revivers = getClassRevivers(); + const result = revivers.Instance!({ + classId: 'deserializable-test', + data: { v: 99 }, + }) as any; + expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(DeserializableClass); + expect(result.value).toBe(99); + }); + + it('should throw when Instance class has no WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE', () => { + class NoDeserialize { + static classId = 'no-deserialize-test'; + } + registerSerializationClass('no-deserialize-test', NoDeserialize); + + const revivers = getClassRevivers(); + expect(() => + revivers.Instance!({ + classId: 'no-deserialize-test', + data: {}, + }) + ).toThrow(/does not have a static/); + }); +}); + +// ============================================================================ +// reducers/step-function.ts — getStepFunctionReducer / getStepFunctionReviver +// ============================================================================ + +describe('step function reducer', () => { + const reducers = getStepFunctionReducer(); + + it('should reduce function with stepId', () => { + const fn = Object.assign(() => {}, { stepId: 'step//test//myStep' }); + const result = reducers.StepFunction!(fn); + expect(result).toEqual({ stepId: 'step//test//myStep' }); + }); + + it('should include closure variables if __closureVarsFn exists', () => { + const fn = Object.assign(() => {}, { + stepId: 'step//test//withClosure', + __closureVarsFn: () => ({ x: 1, y: 'hello' }), + }); + const result = reducers.StepFunction!(fn) as { + stepId: string; + closureVars: Record; + }; + expect(result).toEqual({ + stepId: 'step//test//withClosure', + closureVars: { x: 1, y: 'hello' }, + }); + }); + + it('should return false for non-functions', () => { + expect(reducers.StepFunction!(42)).toBe(false); + expect(reducers.StepFunction!('hello')).toBe(false); + expect(reducers.StepFunction!({})).toBe(false); + }); + + it('should return false for functions without stepId', () => { + expect(reducers.StepFunction!(() => {})).toBe(false); + }); +}); + +describe('step function reviver', () => { + it('should call WORKFLOW_USE_STEP when available', () => { + const mockProxy = () => {}; + const mockUseStep = vi.fn().mockReturnValue(mockProxy); + const global = { + [Symbol.for('WORKFLOW_USE_STEP')]: mockUseStep, + }; + + const revivers = getStepFunctionReviver(global); + const result = revivers.StepFunction!({ stepId: 'step//test//myStep' }); + expect(result).toBe(mockProxy); + expect(mockUseStep).toHaveBeenCalledWith('step//test//myStep'); + }); + + it('should pass closure vars function when present', () => { + const mockProxy = () => {}; + const mockUseStep = vi.fn().mockReturnValue(mockProxy); + const global = { + [Symbol.for('WORKFLOW_USE_STEP')]: mockUseStep, + }; + + const revivers = getStepFunctionReviver(global); + revivers.StepFunction!({ + stepId: 'step//test//withClosure', + closureVars: { x: 42 }, + }); + expect(mockUseStep).toHaveBeenCalledWith( + 'step//test//withClosure', + expect.any(Function) + ); + // Verify the closure vars function returns the correct values + const closureVarsFn = mockUseStep.mock.calls[0][1]; + expect(closureVarsFn()).toEqual({ x: 42 }); + }); + + it('should throw when WORKFLOW_USE_STEP is not available', () => { + const revivers = getStepFunctionReviver({}); + expect(() => + revivers.StepFunction!({ stepId: 'step//test//myStep' }) + ).toThrow(/WORKFLOW_USE_STEP not found/); + }); +}); + +// ============================================================================ +// codec-devalue.ts — devalueCodec +// ============================================================================ describe('devalue codec', () => { it('should have the correct format prefix', () => { expect(devalueCodec.formatPrefix).toBe('devl'); }); - it('should round-trip primitives', () => { - for (const value of [42, 'hello', true, null]) { - const serialized = devalueCodec.serialize(value, 'workflow'); - const deserialized = devalueCodec.deserialize(serialized, 'workflow'); - expect(deserialized).toEqual(value); + it('should round-trip primitives in all modes', () => { + const modes: ('workflow' | 'step' | 'client')[] = [ + 'workflow', + 'step', + 'client', + ]; + for (const mode of modes) { + for (const value of [42, 'hello', true, null, 0, -1, '', false]) { + const serialized = devalueCodec.serialize(value, mode); + const deserialized = devalueCodec.deserialize(serialized, mode); + expect(deserialized).toEqual(value); + } } }); - it('should round-trip Date via workflow mode', () => { + it('should round-trip Date via all modes', () => { const date = new Date('2025-01-01T00:00:00Z'); - const serialized = devalueCodec.serialize(date, 'workflow'); - const deserialized = devalueCodec.deserialize( - serialized, - 'workflow' - ) as Date; - expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Date); - expect(deserialized.toISOString()).toBe('2025-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'); + for (const mode of ['workflow', 'step', 'client'] as const) { + const serialized = devalueCodec.serialize(date, mode); + const deserialized = devalueCodec.deserialize(serialized, mode) as Date; + expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Date); + expect(deserialized.toISOString()).toBe('2025-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'); + } + }); + + it('should round-trip nested objects', () => { + const value = { a: { b: { c: [1, 2, { d: 'deep' }] } } }; + const serialized = devalueCodec.serialize(value, 'workflow'); + const deserialized = devalueCodec.deserialize(serialized, 'workflow'); + expect(deserialized).toEqual(value); + }); + + it('should round-trip Map in all modes', () => { + const map = new Map([ + ['key1', 'val1'], + ['key2', 'val2'], + ]); + for (const mode of ['workflow', 'step', 'client'] as const) { + const serialized = devalueCodec.serialize(map, mode); + const deserialized = devalueCodec.deserialize(serialized, mode) as Map< + string, + string + >; + expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Map); + expect(deserialized.get('key1')).toBe('val1'); + } + }); + + it('should round-trip Set in all modes', () => { + const set = new Set(['a', 'b', 'c']); + for (const mode of ['workflow', 'step', 'client'] as const) { + const serialized = devalueCodec.serialize(set, mode); + const deserialized = devalueCodec.deserialize( + serialized, + mode + ) as Set; + expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Set); + expect(deserialized.has('a')).toBe(true); + } + }); + + it('should support deserializeLegacy', () => { + // Simulate legacy data (devalue unflatten format) + const { stringify } = require('devalue'); + const value = { test: 'legacy' }; + const str = stringify(value); + // biome-ignore lint/security/noGlobalEval: test + const legacyArray = (0, eval)(`(${str})`); + + const result = devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy!(legacyArray, 'workflow'); + expect(result).toEqual(value); + }); + + it('should produce Uint8Array output from serialize', () => { + const serialized = devalueCodec.serialize(42, 'workflow'); + expect(serialized).toBeInstanceOf(Uint8Array); + }); + + it('should include StepFunction in workflow mode reducers', () => { + const fn = Object.assign(() => {}, { stepId: 'test-step' }); + // This should not throw in workflow mode (StepFunction reducer is included) + const serialized = devalueCodec.serialize(fn, 'workflow'); + expect(serialized).toBeInstanceOf(Uint8Array); + }); + + it('should throw for StepFunction deserialization in client mode', () => { + // Serialize a step function in workflow mode, then try to deserialize in client mode + const fn = Object.assign(() => {}, { stepId: 'test-step' }); + const serialized = devalueCodec.serialize(fn, 'workflow'); + expect(() => devalueCodec.deserialize(serialized, 'client')).toThrow( + /Step functions cannot be deserialized in client context/ + ); }); }); -// ---- Workflow mode ---- +// ============================================================================ +// workflow.ts — workflow mode serialize / deserialize +// ============================================================================ describe('workflow.serialize / workflow.deserialize', () => { it('should round-trip primitives', () => { @@ -143,6 +914,9 @@ describe('workflow.serialize / workflow.deserialize', () => { expect(workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize('hello'))).toBe('hello'); expect(workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(true))).toBe(true); expect(workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(null))).toBe(null); + expect(workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(0))).toBe(0); + expect(workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(''))).toBe(''); + expect(workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(false))).toBe(false); }); it('should round-trip arrays and objects', () => { @@ -150,6 +924,11 @@ describe('workflow.serialize / workflow.deserialize', () => { expect(workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(value))).toEqual(value); }); + it('should round-trip empty objects and arrays', () => { + expect(workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize({}))).toEqual({}); + expect(workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize([]))).toEqual([]); + }); + it('should round-trip Date', () => { const date = new Date('2025-06-15T12:00:00Z'); const result = workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(date)) as Date; @@ -185,6 +964,7 @@ describe('workflow.serialize / workflow.deserialize', () => { expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(Set); expect(result.has(1)).toBe(true); expect(result.has(3)).toBe(true); + expect(result.size).toBe(3); }); it('should round-trip BigInt', () => { @@ -217,14 +997,67 @@ describe('workflow.serialize / workflow.deserialize', () => { expect(result.flags).toBe('gi'); }); + it('should round-trip Headers', () => { + const headers = new Headers({ 'X-Custom': 'value' }); + const result = workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(headers)) as Headers; + expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(Headers); + expect(result.get('x-custom')).toBe('value'); + }); + + it('should round-trip nested complex types', () => { + const value = { + date: new Date('2025-01-01'), + map: new Map([['k', 42]]), + set: new Set([1, 2]), + nested: { + url: new URL('https://example.com'), + re: /test/i, + }, + }; + const result = workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(value)) as any; + expect(result.date).toBeInstanceOf(Date); + expect(result.map).toBeInstanceOf(Map); + expect(result.map.get('k')).toBe(42); + expect(result.set).toBeInstanceOf(Set); + expect(result.nested.url).toBeInstanceOf(URL); + expect(result.nested.re).toBeInstanceOf(RegExp); + }); + it('should produce format-prefixed output', () => { const serialized = workflow.serialize(42); expect(serialized).toBeInstanceOf(Uint8Array); expect(peekFormatPrefix(serialized)).toBe('devl'); }); + + it('should throw WorkflowRuntimeError for non-serializable values', () => { + // Functions without stepId cannot be serialized + const fn = function notSerializable() {}; + expect(() => workflow.serialize(fn)).toThrow(/Failed to serialize/); + }); + + it('should deserialize legacy non-binary data', () => { + // Simulate legacy format (devalue unflatten array) + const { stringify } = require('devalue'); + const value = { hello: 'world' }; + const str = stringify(value); + // biome-ignore lint/security/noGlobalEval: test + const legacyArray = (0, eval)(`(${str})`); + + const result = workflow.deserialize(legacyArray) as any; + expect(result).toEqual(value); + }); + + it('should throw for unsupported format prefix', () => { + const data = new TextEncoder().encode('cbor{"test":true}'); + expect(() => workflow.deserialize(data)).toThrow( + /Unsupported serialization format/ + ); + }); }); -// ---- Step mode ---- +// ============================================================================ +// step.ts — step mode serialize / deserialize +// ============================================================================ describe('step.serialize / step.deserialize', () => { it('should round-trip primitives', async () => { @@ -233,6 +1066,12 @@ describe('step.serialize / step.deserialize', () => { expect(result).toBe(42); }); + it('should round-trip strings', async () => { + const serialized = await step.serialize('hello world'); + const result = await step.deserialize(serialized); + expect(result).toBe('hello world'); + }); + it('should round-trip Date', async () => { const date = new Date('2025-01-01'); const serialized = await step.serialize(date); @@ -241,24 +1080,66 @@ describe('step.serialize / step.deserialize', () => { expect(result.toISOString()).toContain('2025-01-01'); }); - it('should support encryption round-trip', async () => { - const rawKey = new Uint8Array(32); - rawKey.fill(0x42); - const key = await importKey(rawKey); + it('should round-trip complex objects', async () => { + const value = { + items: [1, 'two'], + map: new Map([['a', 1]]), + set: new Set([1, 2]), + date: new Date('2025-06-15'), + }; + const serialized = await step.serialize(value); + const result = (await step.deserialize(serialized)) as any; + expect(result.items).toEqual([1, 'two']); + expect(result.map).toBeInstanceOf(Map); + expect(result.set).toBeInstanceOf(Set); + expect(result.date).toBeInstanceOf(Date); + }); + it('should support encryption round-trip', async () => { + const key = await makeKey(); const value = { secret: 'data', count: 42 }; const encrypted = await step.serialize(value, key); - // Should be encrypted expect(isEncrypted(encrypted)).toBe(true); - // Should decrypt and deserialize correctly const result = await step.deserialize(encrypted, key); expect(result).toEqual(value); }); + + it('should produce format-prefixed output without encryption', async () => { + const serialized = (await step.serialize(42)) as Uint8Array; + expect(peekFormatPrefix(serialized)).toBe('devl'); + }); + + it('should produce encr-prefixed output with encryption', async () => { + const key = await makeKey(); + const serialized = (await step.serialize(42, key)) as Uint8Array; + expect(peekFormatPrefix(serialized)).toBe('encr'); + }); + + it('should throw for encrypted data without key', async () => { + const key = await makeKey(); + const encrypted = await step.serialize({ test: true }, key); + await expect(step.deserialize(encrypted)).rejects.toThrow( + /Encrypted data encountered but no encryption key/ + ); + }); + + it('should deserialize legacy non-binary data', async () => { + const { stringify } = require('devalue'); + const value = { hello: 'step' }; + const str = stringify(value); + // biome-ignore lint/security/noGlobalEval: test + const legacyArray = (0, eval)(`(${str})`); + + const result = await step.deserialize(legacyArray); + expect(result).toEqual(value); + }); }); -// ---- Client mode ---- +// ============================================================================ +// client.ts — client mode serialize / deserialize +// ============================================================================ describe('client.serialize / client.deserialize', () => { it('should round-trip primitives', async () => { @@ -275,9 +1156,43 @@ describe('client.serialize / client.deserialize', () => { expect(result.items[1]).toBe('two'); expect(result.items[2]).toBeInstanceOf(Date); }); + + it('should support encryption round-trip', async () => { + const key = await makeKey(); + const value = { secret: 'client-data' }; + const encrypted = await client.serialize(value, key); + + expect(isEncrypted(encrypted)).toBe(true); + + const result = await client.deserialize(encrypted, key); + expect(result).toEqual(value); + }); + + it('should round-trip Map and Set', async () => { + const value = { + map: new Map([['x', 1]]), + set: new Set(['a', 'b']), + }; + const serialized = await client.serialize(value); + const result = (await client.deserialize(serialized)) as any; + expect(result.map).toBeInstanceOf(Map); + expect(result.map.get('x')).toBe(1); + expect(result.set).toBeInstanceOf(Set); + expect(result.set.has('a')).toBe(true); + }); + + it('should throw for encrypted data without key', async () => { + const key = await makeKey(); + const encrypted = await client.serialize({ test: true }, key); + await expect(client.deserialize(encrypted)).rejects.toThrow( + /Encrypted data encountered but no encryption key/ + ); + }); }); -// ---- Cross-mode compatibility ---- +// ============================================================================ +// Cross-mode compatibility +// ============================================================================ describe('cross-mode serialization', () => { it('workflow serialize → step deserialize', async () => { @@ -302,4 +1217,130 @@ describe('cross-mode serialization', () => { const result = workflow.deserialize(serialized); expect(result).toEqual(value); }); + + it('workflow serialize → client deserialize', async () => { + const value = { map: new Map([['a', 1]]) }; + const serialized = workflow.serialize(value); + const result = (await client.deserialize(serialized)) as any; + expect(result.map).toBeInstanceOf(Map); + expect(result.map.get('a')).toBe(1); + }); + + it('client serialize → step deserialize', async () => { + const value = { bigint: 42n, url: new URL('https://test.com') }; + const serialized = await client.serialize(value); + const result = (await step.deserialize(serialized)) as any; + expect(result.bigint).toBe(42n); + expect(result.url).toBeInstanceOf(URL); + }); + + it('step serialize → client deserialize', async () => { + const value = { headers: new Headers({ 'X-Test': 'value' }) }; + const serialized = await step.serialize(value); + const result = (await client.deserialize(serialized)) as any; + expect(result.headers).toBeInstanceOf(Headers); + expect(result.headers.get('x-test')).toBe('value'); + }); + + it('cross-mode with encryption: step(encrypted) → client(decrypt)', async () => { + const key = await makeKey(); + const value = { secret: 'cross-mode' }; + const encrypted = await step.serialize(value, key); + const result = await client.deserialize(encrypted, key); + expect(result).toEqual(value); + }); + + it('cross-mode with encryption: client(encrypted) → step(decrypt)', async () => { + const key = await makeKey(); + const value = { data: [1, 2, 3] }; + const encrypted = await client.serialize(value, key); + const result = await step.deserialize(encrypted, key); + expect(result).toEqual(value); + }); +}); + +// ============================================================================ +// Edge cases & error handling +// ============================================================================ + +describe('edge cases', () => { + it('should handle undefined values in objects', () => { + // devalue handles undefined differently than JSON + const value = { a: 1, b: undefined }; + const result = workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(value)) as any; + expect(result.a).toBe(1); + expect('b' in result).toBe(true); + expect(result.b).toBeUndefined(); + }); + + it('should handle circular references', () => { + const obj: any = { a: 1 }; + obj.self = obj; + // devalue supports circular references + const result = workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(obj)) as any; + expect(result.a).toBe(1); + expect(result.self).toBe(result); + }); + + it('should handle deeply nested structures', () => { + let value: any = { depth: 0 }; + for (let i = 1; i <= 50; i++) { + value = { depth: i, child: value }; + } + const result = workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(value)) as any; + expect(result.depth).toBe(50); + let current = result; + for (let i = 50; i >= 0; i--) { + expect(current.depth).toBe(i); + current = current.child; + } + }); + + it('should handle arrays with mixed types', () => { + const value = [ + 42, + 'string', + true, + null, + new Date('2025-01-01'), + new Map([['k', 'v']]), + new Set([1]), + /test/g, + new URL('https://example.com'), + ]; + const result = workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(value)) as any[]; + expect(result[0]).toBe(42); + expect(result[1]).toBe('string'); + expect(result[2]).toBe(true); + expect(result[3]).toBeNull(); + expect(result[4]).toBeInstanceOf(Date); + expect(result[5]).toBeInstanceOf(Map); + expect(result[6]).toBeInstanceOf(Set); + expect(result[7]).toBeInstanceOf(RegExp); + expect(result[8]).toBeInstanceOf(URL); + }); + + it('should handle empty Map and Set', () => { + const value = { map: new Map(), set: new Set() }; + const result = workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(value)) as any; + expect(result.map).toBeInstanceOf(Map); + expect(result.map.size).toBe(0); + expect(result.set).toBeInstanceOf(Set); + expect(result.set.size).toBe(0); + }); + + it('should handle BigInt edge values', () => { + const values = [0n, -1n, BigInt(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER) + 1n]; + for (const v of values) { + const result = workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(v)); + expect(result).toBe(v); + } + }); + + it('should handle empty Uint8Array', () => { + const arr = new Uint8Array(0); + const result = workflow.deserialize(workflow.serialize(arr)) as Uint8Array; + expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(Uint8Array); + expect(result.length).toBe(0); + }); }); From e1c351202609f9786b523cb2dee11ffb189ba6ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Fri, 3 Apr 2026 14:23:27 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 076/124] Address code review feedback MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit - encryption.ts: throw WorkflowRuntimeError instead of plain Error in decrypt() to preserve the error contract from legacy maybeDecrypt() - format.ts: document that open-ended prefix validation ([a-z0-9]{4}) is intentional for forward compatibility — callers check support - errors.ts: extract duplicated formatSerializationError into shared utility, remove 4 copies from workflow.ts, step.ts, client.ts - codec-devalue.ts: document that globalThis default is a known limitation; legacy dehydrate/hydrate path still supports custom global --- packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts | 23 ++----------- .../core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts | 14 +++++++- packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts | 5 ++- packages/core/src/serialization/errors.ts | 33 +++++++++++++++++++ packages/core/src/serialization/format.ts | 12 +++++-- packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts | 23 ++----------- packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts | 19 +---------- 7 files changed, 67 insertions(+), 62 deletions(-) create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/errors.ts diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts index 40112198da..4fab02d324 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts @@ -6,14 +6,13 @@ */ import { WorkflowRuntimeError } from '@workflow/errors'; -import { DevalueError } from 'devalue'; -import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; import { devalueCodec } from './codec-devalue.js'; import { - encrypt as encryptData, - decrypt as decryptData, type CryptoKey, + decrypt as decryptData, + encrypt as encryptData, } from './encryption.js'; +import { formatSerializationError } from './errors.js'; import { decodeFormatPrefix, encodeWithFormatPrefix } from './format.js'; import { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; @@ -65,19 +64,3 @@ export async function deserialize( throw new Error(`Unsupported serialization format: ${format}`); } - -function formatSerializationError(context: string, error: unknown): string { - const verb = context.includes('return value') ? 'returning' : 'passing'; - let message = `Failed to serialize ${context}`; - if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.path) { - message += ` at path "${error.path}"`; - } - message += `. Ensure you're ${verb} serializable types (plain objects, arrays, primitives, Date, RegExp, Map, Set).`; - if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.value !== undefined) { - runtimeLogger.error('Serialization failed', { - context, - problematicValue: error.value, - }); - } - return message; -} diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts index 78d244e7fd..0c96726ecb 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts @@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ */ import { parse, stringify, unflatten } from 'devalue'; -import { SerializationFormat, type Reducers, type Revivers } from './types.js'; import type { Codec, SerializationMode } from './codec.js'; import { getClassReducers, getClassRevivers } from './reducers/class.js'; import { getCommonReducers, getCommonRevivers } from './reducers/common.js'; @@ -19,11 +18,24 @@ import { getStepFunctionReducer, getStepFunctionReviver, } from './reducers/step-function.js'; +import { type Reducers, type Revivers, SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; const encoder = new TextEncoder(); const decoder = new TextDecoder(); // ---- Reducer/Reviver composition per mode ---- +// +// Note: Reducers and revivers are currently called without a `global` +// parameter, defaulting to `globalThis`. This means the modular mode +// modules (workflow.ts, step.ts, client.ts) work correctly when +// `globalThis` IS the VM's global (which is the case inside a Node.js +// `vm.Context` sandbox), but cannot be used for cross-VM serialization +// where the caller passes a different `global` object. +// +// The legacy dehydrate/hydrate functions in serialization.ts still +// support passing a custom `global` for full cross-VM compatibility. +// Adding `global` parameter threading to the Codec interface is +// deferred until the snapshot runtime work requires it. function getReducersForMode(mode: SerializationMode): Partial { switch (mode) { diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts index b75f3f12da..9e1214e235 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/encryption.ts @@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ * using the format prefix system to mark encrypted data. */ +import { WorkflowRuntimeError } from '@workflow/errors'; import { decrypt as aesGcmDecrypt, encrypt as aesGcmEncrypt, @@ -63,8 +64,10 @@ export async function decrypt( const format = peekFormatPrefix(data); // If the data is encrypted but no key was provided, fail fast. + // Uses WorkflowRuntimeError to preserve the error contract from the + // legacy maybeDecrypt() implementation that callers may rely on. if (format === SerializationFormat.ENCRYPTED && !key) { - throw new Error( + throw new WorkflowRuntimeError( 'Encrypted data encountered but no encryption key is available. ' + 'Encryption is not configured or no key was provided for this run.' ); diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/errors.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/errors.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..41ae625889 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/errors.ts @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +/** + * Shared error formatting utility for serialization failures. + * + * Used by the mode-specific serializers (workflow, step, client) to + * produce consistent error messages with devalue path information. + */ + +import { DevalueError } from 'devalue'; +import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; + +/** + * Format a serialization error with context about what failed. + * Extracts path, value, and reason from devalue's DevalueError when available. + * Logs the problematic value to the console for better debugging. + */ +export function formatSerializationError( + context: string, + error: unknown +): string { + const verb = context.includes('return value') ? 'returning' : 'passing'; + let message = `Failed to serialize ${context}`; + if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.path) { + message += ` at path "${error.path}"`; + } + message += `. Ensure you're ${verb} serializable types (plain objects, arrays, primitives, Date, RegExp, Map, Set).`; + if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.value !== undefined) { + runtimeLogger.error('Serialization failed', { + context, + problematicValue: error.value, + }); + } + return message; +} diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/format.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/format.ts index 0be3b5f005..28f1bc134d 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/format.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/format.ts @@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ */ import { - SerializationFormat, - isFormatPrefix, type FormatPrefix, + isFormatPrefix, + SerializationFormat, } from './types.js'; /** Length of the format prefix in bytes */ @@ -80,6 +80,14 @@ export function isEncrypted(data: Uint8Array | unknown): boolean { /** * Decode a format-prefixed payload. * + * Unlike the legacy implementation which only accepted known formats + * (`devl`, `encr`), this function accepts any valid format prefix + * (`[a-z0-9]{4}`). This is intentional for forward compatibility — + * new codecs (e.g. `cbor`) can be added without modifying this module. + * Callers are responsible for checking whether they support the returned + * format and throwing an appropriate error if not (e.g. "Unsupported + * serialization format"). + * * @param data - The format-prefixed data * @returns An object with the format prefix and payload * @throws Error if the data is too short or has an invalid prefix diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts index 0a4c5b7511..6077d1f2ff 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts @@ -6,14 +6,13 @@ */ import { WorkflowRuntimeError } from '@workflow/errors'; -import { DevalueError } from 'devalue'; -import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; import { devalueCodec } from './codec-devalue.js'; import { - encrypt as encryptData, - decrypt as decryptData, type CryptoKey, + decrypt as decryptData, + encrypt as encryptData, } from './encryption.js'; +import { formatSerializationError } from './errors.js'; import { decodeFormatPrefix, encodeWithFormatPrefix } from './format.js'; import { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; @@ -65,19 +64,3 @@ export async function deserialize( throw new Error(`Unsupported serialization format: ${format}`); } - -function formatSerializationError(context: string, error: unknown): string { - const verb = context.includes('return value') ? 'returning' : 'passing'; - let message = `Failed to serialize ${context}`; - if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.path) { - message += ` at path "${error.path}"`; - } - message += `. Ensure you're ${verb} serializable types (plain objects, arrays, primitives, Date, RegExp, Map, Set).`; - if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.value !== undefined) { - runtimeLogger.error('Serialization failed', { - context, - problematicValue: error.value, - }); - } - return message; -} diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts index 081cf37d75..17d08fc526 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts @@ -11,9 +11,8 @@ */ import { WorkflowRuntimeError } from '@workflow/errors'; -import { DevalueError } from 'devalue'; -import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; import { devalueCodec } from './codec-devalue.js'; +import { formatSerializationError } from './errors.js'; import { decodeFormatPrefix, encodeWithFormatPrefix } from './format.js'; import { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; @@ -62,19 +61,3 @@ export function deserialize(data: Uint8Array | unknown): unknown { throw new Error(`Unsupported serialization format: ${format}`); } - -function formatSerializationError(context: string, error: unknown): string { - const verb = context.includes('return value') ? 'returning' : 'passing'; - let message = `Failed to serialize ${context}`; - if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.path) { - message += ` at path "${error.path}"`; - } - message += `. Ensure you're ${verb} serializable types (plain objects, arrays, primitives, Date, RegExp, Map, Set).`; - if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.value !== undefined) { - runtimeLogger.error('Serialization failed', { - context, - problematicValue: error.value, - }); - } - return message; -} From cc0250f7d7e96f67e26b91eb975322b62e0bf720 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Fri, 3 Apr 2026 14:28:17 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 077/124] Fix codec-devalue.ts comment: clarify modular modules are not used in current runtime MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit The globalThis default is not a limitation for the current runtime — all serialization goes through dehydrate*/hydrate* in serialization.ts which passes the correct global. The modular modules are infrastructure for the future snapshot runtime where serialization runs inside the VM. --- .../core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts | 23 +++++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts index 0c96726ecb..2abd8bb1bd 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts @@ -25,17 +25,20 @@ const decoder = new TextDecoder(); // ---- Reducer/Reviver composition per mode ---- // -// Note: Reducers and revivers are currently called without a `global` -// parameter, defaulting to `globalThis`. This means the modular mode -// modules (workflow.ts, step.ts, client.ts) work correctly when -// `globalThis` IS the VM's global (which is the case inside a Node.js -// `vm.Context` sandbox), but cannot be used for cross-VM serialization -// where the caller passes a different `global` object. +// Note: These modular mode modules (workflow.ts, step.ts, client.ts) +// are NOT used in the current runtime's event replay flow. All +// serialization in the current runtime goes through the dehydrate*/ +// hydrate* functions in serialization.ts, which pass a `global` +// parameter (either the VM's sandboxed global or host globalThis) +// through to the reducer/reviver factories for correct `instanceof` +// checks across VM boundaries. // -// The legacy dehydrate/hydrate functions in serialization.ts still -// support passing a custom `global` for full cross-VM compatibility. -// Adding `global` parameter threading to the Codec interface is -// deferred until the snapshot runtime work requires it. +// The modular modules here default to `globalThis` and are designed +// for the future snapshot runtime where serialization runs inside the +// VM sandbox itself (where `globalThis` IS the VM's global). If the +// modular modules ever need to be called from the host side with a +// different `global`, the Codec interface would need to be extended +// to accept a `global` parameter. function getReducersForMode(mode: SerializationMode): Partial { switch (mode) { From 0d2ae73ccdbcad3e382aebecc81943aaf9c7a870 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Fri, 3 Apr 2026 15:09:46 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 078/124] Wire dehydrate/hydrate functions through modular serialize/deserialize The dehydrate*/hydrate* functions in serialization.ts now delegate to the modular mode modules (workflowModule, stepModule, clientModule) instead of directly calling devalue stringify/parse/unflatten. Key changes: - Extended Codec interface with CodecOptions (global, extraReducers, extraRevivers) so the codec can receive VM globals and mode-specific stream/Request/Response handlers - devalueCodec threads global through to all reducer/reviver factories so instanceof checks work across VM boundaries - Mode modules (workflow.ts, step.ts, client.ts) accept CodecOptions and pass them through to the codec - dehydrate*/hydrate* functions now call module serialize/deserialize with stream and Request/Response reducers/revivers passed as extras - v1Compat path remains inline (pre-codec, uses stringify + revive) - Error context strings preserved via try/catch re-wrapping --- packages/core/src/serialization.ts | 368 +++++++----------- packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts | 13 +- .../core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts | 121 +++--- packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts | 48 ++- packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts | 13 +- packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts | 16 +- 6 files changed, 293 insertions(+), 286 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization.ts index 4d6b5a903a..a765362d4e 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization.ts @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ import { WorkflowRuntimeError } from '@workflow/errors'; -import { DevalueError, parse, stringify, unflatten } from 'devalue'; +import { DevalueError, parse, stringify } from 'devalue'; import { monotonicFactory } from 'ulid'; import { decrypt as aesGcmDecrypt, @@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import { import { runtimeLogger } from './logger.js'; import { getStepFunction } from './private.js'; import { getWorld } from './runtime/world.js'; +import * as clientModule from './serialization/client.js'; import { decrypt, type EncryptionKeyParam, @@ -39,11 +40,13 @@ import { getStepFunctionReducer, getStepFunctionReviver, } from './serialization/reducers/step-function.js'; +import * as stepModule from './serialization/step.js'; import { type FormatPrefix, isFormatPrefix, SerializationFormat, } from './serialization/types.js'; +import * as workflowModule from './serialization/workflow.js'; import { contextStorage } from './step/context-storage.js'; import { BODY_INIT_SYMBOL, @@ -1129,19 +1132,14 @@ export async function maybeDecrypt( // ============================================================================ // Dehydrate / Hydrate Functions // ============================================================================ +// These delegate to the modular mode modules (workflow, step, client) passing +// mode-specific stream and Request/Response reducers/revivers as extra options. +// The v1Compat path is handled inline before delegating to the modules. /** * Called from the `start()` function to serialize the workflow arguments * into a format that can be saved to the database and then hydrated from * within the workflow execution environment. - * - * @param value - The value to serialize - * @param runId - The workflow run ID (required for encryption context) - * @param key - Encryption key (undefined to skip encryption) - * @param ops - Promise array for stream operations - * @param global - Global object for serialization context - * @param v1Compat - Enable legacy v1 compatibility mode - * @returns The dehydrated value as binary data (Uint8Array) with format prefix */ export async function dehydrateWorkflowArguments( value: unknown, @@ -1151,23 +1149,27 @@ export async function dehydrateWorkflowArguments( global: Record = globalThis, v1Compat = false ): Promise { - try { + if (v1Compat) { const str = stringify(value, getExternalReducers(global, ops, runId, key)); - if (v1Compat) { - return revive(str); - } - const payload = new TextEncoder().encode(str); - const serialized = encodeWithFormatPrefix( - SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, - payload - ) as Uint8Array; - - // Encrypt if world supports encryption - return maybeEncrypt(serialized, key); + return revive(str); + } + try { + return await clientModule.serialize(value, key, { + global, + extraReducers: getStreamAndRequestReducers( + getExternalReducers(global, ops, runId, key) + ), + }); } catch (error) { throw new WorkflowRuntimeError( - formatSerializationError('workflow arguments', error), - { slug: 'serialization-failed', cause: error } + formatSerializationError( + 'workflow arguments', + error instanceof WorkflowRuntimeError ? error.cause : error + ), + { + slug: 'serialization-failed', + cause: error instanceof WorkflowRuntimeError ? error.cause : error, + } ); } } @@ -1175,13 +1177,6 @@ export async function dehydrateWorkflowArguments( /** * Called from workflow execution environment to hydrate the workflow * arguments from the database at the start of workflow execution. - * - * @param value - Binary serialized data (Uint8Array) with format prefix - * @param _runId - Workflow run ID (reserved for future decryption context; decryption is currently driven solely by the provided key) - * @param key - Encryption key (undefined to skip decryption) - * @param global - Global object for deserialization context - * @param extraRevivers - Additional revivers for custom types - * @returns The hydrated value */ export async function hydrateWorkflowArguments( value: Uint8Array | unknown, @@ -1189,42 +1184,18 @@ export async function hydrateWorkflowArguments( key: CryptoKey | undefined, global: Record = globalThis, extraRevivers: Record any> = {} -) { - // Decrypt if needed - const decrypted = await maybeDecrypt(value, key); - - // Legacy specVersion 1 runs stored data as plain JSON arrays (not binary). - // These pass through maybeDecrypt unchanged and are deserialized directly - // via devalue's unflatten(). - if (!(decrypted instanceof Uint8Array)) { - return unflatten(decrypted as any[], { - ...getWorkflowRevivers(global), +): Promise { + return workflowModule.deserialize(await maybeDecrypt(value, key), { + global, + extraRevivers: { + ...getStreamAndRequestRevivers(getWorkflowRevivers(global)), ...extraRevivers, - }); - } - - const { format, payload } = decodeFormatPrefix(decrypted); - - if (format === SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1) { - const str = new TextDecoder().decode(payload); - const obj = parse(str, { - ...getWorkflowRevivers(global), - ...extraRevivers, - }); - return obj; - } - - throw new Error(`Unsupported serialization format: ${format}`); + }, + }); } /** * Dehydrate workflow return value for storage. - * - * @param value - The value to serialize - * @param runId - Run ID for encryption context - * @param key - Encryption key (undefined to skip encryption) - * @param global - Global object for serialization context - * @returns The dehydrated value as binary data (Uint8Array) with format prefix */ export async function dehydrateWorkflowReturnValue( value: unknown, @@ -1233,39 +1204,32 @@ export async function dehydrateWorkflowReturnValue( global: Record = globalThis, v1Compat = false ): Promise { - try { + if (v1Compat) { const str = stringify(value, getWorkflowReducers(global)); - if (v1Compat) { - return revive(str); - } - const payload = new TextEncoder().encode(str); - const serialized = encodeWithFormatPrefix( - SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, - payload - ) as Uint8Array; - - // Encrypt if world supports encryption - return maybeEncrypt(serialized, key); + return revive(str); + } + try { + return await stepModule.serialize(value, key, { + global, + extraReducers: getStreamAndRequestReducers(getWorkflowReducers(global)), + }); } catch (error) { throw new WorkflowRuntimeError( - formatSerializationError('workflow return value', error), - { slug: 'serialization-failed', cause: error } + formatSerializationError( + 'workflow return value', + error instanceof WorkflowRuntimeError ? error.cause : error + ), + { + slug: 'serialization-failed', + cause: error instanceof WorkflowRuntimeError ? error.cause : error, + } ); } } /** - * Called from the client side (i.e. the execution environment where - * the workflow run was initiated from) to hydrate the workflow - * return value of a completed workflow run. - * - * @param value - Binary serialized data (Uint8Array) with format prefix - * @param runId - Run ID for decryption context - * @param key - Encryption key (undefined to skip decryption) - * @param ops - Promise array for stream operations - * @param global - Global object for deserialization context - * @param extraRevivers - Additional revivers for custom types - * @returns The hydrated return value, ready to be consumed by the client + * Called from the client side to hydrate the workflow return value + * of a completed workflow run. */ export async function hydrateWorkflowReturnValue( value: Uint8Array | unknown, @@ -1274,45 +1238,21 @@ export async function hydrateWorkflowReturnValue( ops: Promise[] = [], global: Record = globalThis, extraRevivers: Record any> = {} -) { - // Decrypt if needed - const decrypted = await maybeDecrypt(value, key); - - // Legacy specVersion 1 runs stored data as plain JSON arrays (not binary). - // These pass through maybeDecrypt unchanged and are deserialized directly - // via devalue's unflatten(). - if (!(decrypted instanceof Uint8Array)) { - return unflatten(decrypted as any[], { - ...getExternalRevivers(global, ops, runId, key), - ...extraRevivers, - }); - } - - const { format, payload } = decodeFormatPrefix(decrypted); - - if (format === SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1) { - const str = new TextDecoder().decode(payload); - const obj = parse(str, { - ...getExternalRevivers(global, ops, runId, key), +): Promise { + return clientModule.deserialize(value, key, { + global, + extraRevivers: { + ...getStreamAndRequestRevivers( + getExternalRevivers(global, ops, runId, key) + ), ...extraRevivers, - }); - return obj; - } - - throw new Error(`Unsupported serialization format: ${format}`); + }, + }); } /** * Called from the workflow handler when a step is being created. - * Dehydrates values from within the workflow execution environment - * into a format that can be saved to the database. - * - * @param value - The value to serialize - * @param runId - Run ID for encryption context - * @param key - Encryption key (undefined to skip encryption) - * @param global - Global object for serialization context - * @param v1Compat - Enable legacy v1 compatibility mode - * @returns The dehydrated value as binary data (Uint8Array) with format prefix + * Dehydrates values from within the workflow execution environment. */ export async function dehydrateStepArguments( value: unknown, @@ -1321,23 +1261,25 @@ export async function dehydrateStepArguments( global: Record = globalThis, v1Compat = false ): Promise { - try { + if (v1Compat) { const str = stringify(value, getWorkflowReducers(global)); - if (v1Compat) { - return revive(str); - } - const payload = new TextEncoder().encode(str); - const serialized = encodeWithFormatPrefix( - SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, - payload - ) as Uint8Array; - - // Encrypt if world supports encryption - return maybeEncrypt(serialized, key); + return revive(str); + } + try { + return await stepModule.serialize(value, key, { + global, + extraReducers: getStreamAndRequestReducers(getWorkflowReducers(global)), + }); } catch (error) { throw new WorkflowRuntimeError( - formatSerializationError('step arguments', error), - { slug: 'serialization-failed', cause: error } + formatSerializationError( + 'step arguments', + error instanceof WorkflowRuntimeError ? error.cause : error + ), + { + slug: 'serialization-failed', + cause: error instanceof WorkflowRuntimeError ? error.cause : error, + } ); } } @@ -1345,14 +1287,6 @@ export async function dehydrateStepArguments( /** * Called from the step handler to hydrate the arguments of a step * from the database at the start of the step execution. - * - * @param value - Binary serialized data (Uint8Array) with format prefix - * @param runId - Run ID for decryption context - * @param key - Encryption key (undefined to skip decryption) - * @param ops - Promise array for stream operations - * @param global - Global object for deserialization context - * @param extraRevivers - Additional revivers for custom types - * @returns The hydrated value, ready to be consumed by the step user-code function */ export async function hydrateStepArguments( value: Uint8Array | unknown, @@ -1361,46 +1295,19 @@ export async function hydrateStepArguments( ops: Promise[] = [], global: Record = globalThis, extraRevivers: Record any> = {} -) { - // Decrypt if needed - const decrypted = await maybeDecrypt(value, key); - - // Legacy specVersion 1 runs stored data as plain JSON arrays (not binary). - // These pass through maybeDecrypt unchanged and are deserialized directly - // via devalue's unflatten(). - if (!(decrypted instanceof Uint8Array)) { - return unflatten(decrypted as any[], { - ...getStepRevivers(global, ops, runId, key), +): Promise { + return stepModule.deserialize(value, key, { + global, + extraRevivers: { + ...getStreamAndRequestRevivers(getStepRevivers(global, ops, runId, key)), ...extraRevivers, - }); - } - - const { format, payload } = decodeFormatPrefix(decrypted); - - if (format === SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1) { - const str = new TextDecoder().decode(payload); - const obj = parse(str, { - ...getStepRevivers(global, ops, runId, key), - ...extraRevivers, - }); - return obj; - } - - throw new Error(`Unsupported serialization format: ${format}`); + }, + }); } /** * Called from the step handler when a step has completed. - * Dehydrates values from within the step execution environment - * into a format that can be saved to the database. - * - * @param value - The value to serialize - * @param runId - Run ID for encryption context - * @param key - Encryption key (undefined to skip encryption) - * @param ops - Promise array for stream operations - * @param global - Global object for serialization context - * @param v1Compat - Enable legacy v1 compatibility mode - * @returns The dehydrated value as binary data (Uint8Array) with format prefix + * Dehydrates values from within the step execution environment. */ export async function dehydrateStepReturnValue( value: unknown, @@ -1410,37 +1317,34 @@ export async function dehydrateStepReturnValue( global: Record = globalThis, v1Compat = false ): Promise { - try { + if (v1Compat) { const str = stringify(value, getStepReducers(global, ops, runId, key)); - if (v1Compat) { - return revive(str); - } - const payload = new TextEncoder().encode(str); - const serialized = encodeWithFormatPrefix( - SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, - payload - ) as Uint8Array; - - // Encrypt if world supports encryption - return maybeEncrypt(serialized, key); + return revive(str); + } + try { + return await stepModule.serialize(value, key, { + global, + extraReducers: getStreamAndRequestReducers( + getStepReducers(global, ops, runId, key) + ), + }); } catch (error) { throw new WorkflowRuntimeError( - formatSerializationError('step return value', error), - { slug: 'serialization-failed', cause: error } + formatSerializationError( + 'step return value', + error instanceof WorkflowRuntimeError ? error.cause : error + ), + { + slug: 'serialization-failed', + cause: error instanceof WorkflowRuntimeError ? error.cause : error, + } ); } } /** - * Called from the workflow handler when replaying the event log of a `step_completed` event. - * Hydrates the return value of a step from the database. - * - * @param value - Binary serialized data (Uint8Array) with format prefix - * @param runId - Run ID for decryption context - * @param key - Encryption key (undefined to skip decryption) - * @param global - Global object for deserialization context - * @param extraRevivers - Additional revivers for custom types - * @returns The hydrated return value of a step, ready to be consumed by the workflow handler + * Called from the workflow handler when replaying the event log + * of a `step_completed` event. */ export async function hydrateStepReturnValue( value: Uint8Array | unknown, @@ -1448,29 +1352,51 @@ export async function hydrateStepReturnValue( key: CryptoKey | undefined, global: Record = globalThis, extraRevivers: Record any> = {} -) { - // Decrypt if needed - const decrypted = await maybeDecrypt(value, key); - - // Legacy specVersion 1 runs stored data as plain JSON arrays (not binary). - // These pass through maybeDecrypt unchanged and are deserialized directly - // via devalue's unflatten(). - if (!(decrypted instanceof Uint8Array)) { - return unflatten(decrypted as any[], { - ...getWorkflowRevivers(global), +): Promise { + return workflowModule.deserialize(await maybeDecrypt(value, key), { + global, + extraRevivers: { + ...getStreamAndRequestRevivers(getWorkflowRevivers(global)), ...extraRevivers, - }); - } - - const { format, payload } = decodeFormatPrefix(decrypted); + }, + }); +} - if (format === SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1) { - const str = new TextDecoder().decode(payload); - return parse(str, { - ...getWorkflowRevivers(global), - ...extraRevivers, - }); +// ---- Helpers to extract stream/Request/Response reducers and revivers ---- +// The mode-specific get*Reducers/get*Revivers functions return objects that +// include both "common" entries (Date, Error, Map, etc.) and mode-specific +// entries (ReadableStream, WritableStream, Request, Response, StepFunction). +// The common entries are already composed by the codec. We only need to +// pass through the mode-specific entries as extraReducers/extraRevivers. + +const STREAM_AND_REQUEST_KEYS = [ + 'ReadableStream', + 'WritableStream', + 'Request', + 'Response', + 'StepFunction', +] as const; + +function getStreamAndRequestReducers( + allReducers: Record +): Record any> { + const extra: Record any> = {}; + for (const key of STREAM_AND_REQUEST_KEYS) { + if (key in allReducers) { + extra[key] = allReducers[key]; + } } + return extra; +} - throw new Error(`Unsupported serialization format: ${format}`); +function getStreamAndRequestRevivers( + allRevivers: Record +): Record any> { + const extra: Record any> = {}; + for (const key of STREAM_AND_REQUEST_KEYS) { + if (key in allRevivers) { + extra[key] = allRevivers[key]; + } + } + return extra; } diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts index 4fab02d324..33530c67bf 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/client.ts @@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ */ import { WorkflowRuntimeError } from '@workflow/errors'; +import type { CodecOptions } from './codec.js'; import { devalueCodec } from './codec-devalue.js'; import { type CryptoKey, @@ -21,10 +22,11 @@ import { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; */ export async function serialize( value: unknown, - encryptionKey?: CryptoKey + encryptionKey?: CryptoKey, + options?: CodecOptions ): Promise { try { - const payload = devalueCodec.serialize(value, 'client'); + const payload = devalueCodec.serialize(value, 'client', options); const prefixed = encodeWithFormatPrefix( SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, payload @@ -43,13 +45,14 @@ export async function serialize( */ export async function deserialize( data: Uint8Array | unknown, - encryptionKey?: CryptoKey + encryptionKey?: CryptoKey, + options?: CodecOptions ): Promise { const decrypted = await decryptData(data, encryptionKey); if (!(decrypted instanceof Uint8Array)) { if (devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy) { - return devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy(decrypted, 'client'); + return devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy(decrypted, 'client', options); } throw new Error( 'Cannot deserialize non-binary data without legacy support' @@ -59,7 +62,7 @@ export async function deserialize( const { format, payload } = decodeFormatPrefix(decrypted); if (format === SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1) { - return devalueCodec.deserialize(payload, 'client'); + return devalueCodec.deserialize(payload, 'client', options); } throw new Error(`Unsupported serialization format: ${format}`); diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts index 2abd8bb1bd..474aa72600 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec-devalue.ts @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ */ import { parse, stringify, unflatten } from 'devalue'; -import type { Codec, SerializationMode } from './codec.js'; +import type { Codec, CodecOptions, SerializationMode } from './codec.js'; import { getClassReducers, getClassRevivers } from './reducers/class.js'; import { getCommonReducers, getCommonRevivers } from './reducers/common.js'; import { @@ -24,68 +24,77 @@ const encoder = new TextEncoder(); const decoder = new TextDecoder(); // ---- Reducer/Reviver composition per mode ---- -// -// Note: These modular mode modules (workflow.ts, step.ts, client.ts) -// are NOT used in the current runtime's event replay flow. All -// serialization in the current runtime goes through the dehydrate*/ -// hydrate* functions in serialization.ts, which pass a `global` -// parameter (either the VM's sandboxed global or host globalThis) -// through to the reducer/reviver factories for correct `instanceof` -// checks across VM boundaries. -// -// The modular modules here default to `globalThis` and are designed -// for the future snapshot runtime where serialization runs inside the -// VM sandbox itself (where `globalThis` IS the VM's global). If the -// modular modules ever need to be called from the host side with a -// different `global`, the Codec interface would need to be extended -// to accept a `global` parameter. -function getReducersForMode(mode: SerializationMode): Partial { +function getReducersForMode( + mode: SerializationMode, + global: Record = globalThis, + extraReducers?: Record any> +): Record any> { + let base: Partial; switch (mode) { case 'workflow': // Class/Instance MUST come before common (first-match-wins for Error subclasses) - return { + base = { ...getClassReducers(), ...getStepFunctionReducer(), - ...getCommonReducers(), + ...getCommonReducers(global), }; + break; case 'step': - return { + base = { ...getClassReducers(), - ...getCommonReducers(), + ...getCommonReducers(global), }; + break; case 'client': - return { + base = { ...getClassReducers(), - ...getCommonReducers(), + ...getCommonReducers(global), }; + break; } + if (extraReducers) { + return { ...base, ...extraReducers } as Record any>; + } + return base as Record any>; } -function getReviversForMode(mode: SerializationMode): Partial { +function getReviversForMode( + mode: SerializationMode, + global: Record = globalThis, + extraRevivers?: Record any> +): Record any> { + let base: Partial; switch (mode) { case 'workflow': - return { - ...getClassRevivers(), - ...getStepFunctionReviver(), - ...getCommonRevivers(), + base = { + ...getClassRevivers(global), + ...getStepFunctionReviver(global), + ...getCommonRevivers(global), }; + break; case 'step': - return { - ...getClassRevivers(), - ...getCommonRevivers(), + base = { + ...getClassRevivers(global), + ...getCommonRevivers(global), }; + break; case 'client': - return { - ...getClassRevivers(), - ...getCommonRevivers(), + base = { + ...getClassRevivers(global), + ...getCommonRevivers(global), StepFunction: () => { throw new Error( 'Step functions cannot be deserialized in client context.' ); }, }; + break; + } + if (extraRevivers) { + return { ...base, ...extraRevivers } as Record any>; } + return base as Record any>; } // ---- Codec implementation ---- @@ -93,26 +102,44 @@ function getReviversForMode(mode: SerializationMode): Partial { export const devalueCodec: Codec = { formatPrefix: SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, - serialize(value: unknown, mode: SerializationMode): Uint8Array { - const reducers = getReducersForMode(mode); - const str = stringify( - value, - reducers as Record any> + serialize( + value: unknown, + mode: SerializationMode, + options?: CodecOptions + ): Uint8Array { + const reducers = getReducersForMode( + mode, + options?.global, + options?.extraReducers ); + const str = stringify(value, reducers); return encoder.encode(str); }, - deserialize(data: Uint8Array, mode: SerializationMode): unknown { - const revivers = getReviversForMode(mode); + deserialize( + data: Uint8Array, + mode: SerializationMode, + options?: CodecOptions + ): unknown { + const revivers = getReviversForMode( + mode, + options?.global, + options?.extraRevivers + ); const str = decoder.decode(data); - return parse(str, revivers as Record any>); + return parse(str, revivers); }, - deserializeLegacy(data: unknown, mode: SerializationMode): unknown { - const revivers = getReviversForMode(mode); - return unflatten( - data as any[], - revivers as Record any> + deserializeLegacy( + data: unknown, + mode: SerializationMode, + options?: CodecOptions + ): unknown { + const revivers = getReviversForMode( + mode, + options?.global, + options?.extraRevivers ); + return unflatten(data as any[], revivers); }, }; diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts index a30b4fb350..6dd9ebe896 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/codec.ts @@ -29,6 +29,33 @@ import type { FormatPrefix } from './types.js'; */ export type SerializationMode = 'workflow' | 'step' | 'client'; +/** + * Options passed to codec serialize/deserialize to support VM-context + * serialization and mode-specific type handling. + */ +export interface CodecOptions { + /** + * The global object to use for `instanceof` checks and constructors. + * Defaults to `globalThis`. Must be set to the VM's global when + * serializing/deserializing data that crosses VM boundaries. + */ + global?: Record; + + /** + * Additional reducers to merge into the mode's default reducers. + * Used by dehydrate/hydrate functions that need stream handling + * or other mode-specific type reducers. + */ + extraReducers?: Record any>; + + /** + * Additional revivers to merge into the mode's default revivers. + * Used by dehydrate/hydrate functions that need stream handling + * or other mode-specific type revivers. + */ + extraRevivers?: Record any>; +} + export interface Codec { /** The 4-character format prefix identifier (e.g. "devl", "cbor", "json") */ readonly formatPrefix: FormatPrefix; @@ -40,9 +67,14 @@ export interface Codec { * * @param value - The value to serialize * @param mode - The serialization mode + * @param options - Optional global, extra reducers/revivers * @returns The serialized payload (without format prefix) */ - serialize(value: unknown, mode: SerializationMode): Uint8Array; + serialize( + value: unknown, + mode: SerializationMode, + options?: CodecOptions + ): Uint8Array; /** * Deserialize bytes back to a value. @@ -51,9 +83,14 @@ export interface Codec { * * @param data - The serialized payload (without format prefix) * @param mode - The serialization mode + * @param options - Optional global, extra revivers * @returns The deserialized value */ - deserialize(data: Uint8Array, mode: SerializationMode): unknown; + deserialize( + data: Uint8Array, + mode: SerializationMode, + options?: CodecOptions + ): unknown; /** * Deserialize legacy (pre-format-prefix) data. @@ -62,7 +99,12 @@ export interface Codec { * * @param data - The legacy data * @param mode - The serialization mode + * @param options - Optional global, extra revivers * @returns The deserialized value */ - deserializeLegacy?(data: unknown, mode: SerializationMode): unknown; + deserializeLegacy?( + data: unknown, + mode: SerializationMode, + options?: CodecOptions + ): unknown; } diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts index 6077d1f2ff..960ba2dbbe 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/step.ts @@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ */ import { WorkflowRuntimeError } from '@workflow/errors'; +import type { CodecOptions } from './codec.js'; import { devalueCodec } from './codec-devalue.js'; import { type CryptoKey, @@ -21,10 +22,11 @@ import { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; */ export async function serialize( value: unknown, - encryptionKey?: CryptoKey + encryptionKey?: CryptoKey, + options?: CodecOptions ): Promise { try { - const payload = devalueCodec.serialize(value, 'step'); + const payload = devalueCodec.serialize(value, 'step', options); const prefixed = encodeWithFormatPrefix( SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, payload @@ -43,13 +45,14 @@ export async function serialize( */ export async function deserialize( data: Uint8Array | unknown, - encryptionKey?: CryptoKey + encryptionKey?: CryptoKey, + options?: CodecOptions ): Promise { const decrypted = await decryptData(data, encryptionKey); if (!(decrypted instanceof Uint8Array)) { if (devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy) { - return devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy(decrypted, 'step'); + return devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy(decrypted, 'step', options); } throw new Error( 'Cannot deserialize non-binary data without legacy support' @@ -59,7 +62,7 @@ export async function deserialize( const { format, payload } = decodeFormatPrefix(decrypted); if (format === SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1) { - return devalueCodec.deserialize(payload, 'step'); + return devalueCodec.deserialize(payload, 'step', options); } throw new Error(`Unsupported serialization format: ${format}`); diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts index 17d08fc526..5b3fb4e449 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow.ts @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ */ import { WorkflowRuntimeError } from '@workflow/errors'; +import type { CodecOptions } from './codec.js'; import { devalueCodec } from './codec-devalue.js'; import { formatSerializationError } from './errors.js'; import { decodeFormatPrefix, encodeWithFormatPrefix } from './format.js'; @@ -20,11 +21,12 @@ import { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; * Serialize a value for storage/transmission from the workflow environment. * * @param value - The value to serialize + * @param options - Optional global, extra reducers/revivers for VM-context serialization * @returns Format-prefixed serialized bytes */ -export function serialize(value: unknown): Uint8Array { +export function serialize(value: unknown, options?: CodecOptions): Uint8Array { try { - const payload = devalueCodec.serialize(value, 'workflow'); + const payload = devalueCodec.serialize(value, 'workflow', options); return encodeWithFormatPrefix( SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1, payload @@ -41,12 +43,16 @@ export function serialize(value: unknown): Uint8Array { * Deserialize a value received in the workflow environment. * * @param data - Format-prefixed serialized bytes, or legacy data + * @param options - Optional global, extra revivers for VM-context deserialization * @returns The deserialized value */ -export function deserialize(data: Uint8Array | unknown): unknown { +export function deserialize( + data: Uint8Array | unknown, + options?: CodecOptions +): unknown { if (!(data instanceof Uint8Array)) { if (devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy) { - return devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy(data, 'workflow'); + return devalueCodec.deserializeLegacy(data, 'workflow', options); } throw new Error( 'Cannot deserialize non-binary data without legacy support' @@ -56,7 +62,7 @@ export function deserialize(data: Uint8Array | unknown): unknown { const { format, payload } = decodeFormatPrefix(data); if (format === SerializationFormat.DEVALUE_V1) { - return devalueCodec.deserialize(payload, 'workflow'); + return devalueCodec.deserialize(payload, 'workflow', options); } throw new Error(`Unsupported serialization format: ${format}`); From b190c35f9a36719fa81b00c29f6e2a293f825574 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 19 Apr 2026 01:50:19 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 079/124] Bump changeset from patch to minor for serialization refactor Return types of public get*Reducers/get*Revivers functions narrowed from Reducers/Revivers to Partial/Partial, which is a TypeScript-level breaking change. Also adds new sub-path exports (@workflow/core/serialization/workflow, workflow/internal/serialization) which is additive. Minor bump is the appropriate semver for both. --- .changeset/serialization-refactor.md | 9 +++++++-- 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/.changeset/serialization-refactor.md b/.changeset/serialization-refactor.md index 9e1414bc38..0cb9fc91a2 100644 --- a/.changeset/serialization-refactor.md +++ b/.changeset/serialization-refactor.md @@ -1,5 +1,10 @@ --- -"@workflow/core": patch +"@workflow/core": minor +"workflow": minor --- -Refactor: Replace duplicate serialization code in `serialization.ts` with imports from modular `serialization/` modules. Removes ~450 lines of duplicated format prefix, reducer/reviver, and encryption helper code. Adds 138 unit tests for the modular serialization pipeline. +Refactor the monolithic `serialization.ts` into a modular `serialization/` directory with focused files for types, format prefix, encryption, codec, and per-mode (workflow/step/client) serialize/deserialize entry points. The legacy `dehydrate*`/`hydrate*` functions now delegate to the modular pipeline. + +- New public sub-path exports: `@workflow/core/serialization/workflow` and `workflow/internal/serialization` for the future snapshot runtime +- Return types of `getExternalReducers`, `getWorkflowReducers`, `getExternalRevivers`, `getWorkflowRevivers`, and `getCommonRevivers` narrowed from `Reducers`/`Revivers` to `Partial`/`Partial`. This reflects reality (some keys are mode-specific) but callers that indexed into specific keys without a guard may need to add non-null assertions or optional chaining +- Adds 138 unit tests covering the modular serialization pipeline From 05e0feee755b2d17b13ee573f019069358141186 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 19 Apr 2026 01:53:27 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 080/124] Remove unused workflow/internal/serialization re-export and @workflow/core/serialization/workflow sub-path Both exports had zero consumers in the repo. The workflow/internal/serialization export was previously removed on main in #1082 for the same reason. The modular workflow.serialize/deserialize is still reachable via @workflow/core/serialization when needed. These exports can be reintroduced by the snapshot runtime branch if/when it actually needs them. Also updates the changeset to drop the 'new sub-path exports' bullet. --- .changeset/serialization-refactor.md | 4 +--- packages/core/package.json | 4 ---- packages/workflow/package.json | 1 - packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts | 15 --------------- 4 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 23 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts diff --git a/.changeset/serialization-refactor.md b/.changeset/serialization-refactor.md index 0cb9fc91a2..712c0bfb90 100644 --- a/.changeset/serialization-refactor.md +++ b/.changeset/serialization-refactor.md @@ -1,10 +1,8 @@ --- "@workflow/core": minor -"workflow": minor --- Refactor the monolithic `serialization.ts` into a modular `serialization/` directory with focused files for types, format prefix, encryption, codec, and per-mode (workflow/step/client) serialize/deserialize entry points. The legacy `dehydrate*`/`hydrate*` functions now delegate to the modular pipeline. -- New public sub-path exports: `@workflow/core/serialization/workflow` and `workflow/internal/serialization` for the future snapshot runtime -- Return types of `getExternalReducers`, `getWorkflowReducers`, `getExternalRevivers`, `getWorkflowRevivers`, and `getCommonRevivers` narrowed from `Reducers`/`Revivers` to `Partial`/`Partial`. This reflects reality (some keys are mode-specific) but callers that indexed into specific keys without a guard may need to add non-null assertions or optional chaining +- Return types of `getExternalReducers`, `getWorkflowReducers`, `getExternalRevivers`, and `getWorkflowRevivers` narrowed from `Reducers`/`Revivers` to `Partial`/`Partial`. This reflects reality (some keys are mode-specific) but callers that indexed into specific keys without a guard may need to add non-null assertions or optional chaining - Adds 138 unit tests covering the modular serialization pipeline diff --git a/packages/core/package.json b/packages/core/package.json index 4c1e4e7f1d..9f3e5d370d 100644 --- a/packages/core/package.json +++ b/packages/core/package.json @@ -56,10 +56,6 @@ "types": "./dist/serialization.d.ts", "default": "./dist/serialization.js" }, - "./serialization/workflow": { - "types": "./dist/serialization/workflow.d.ts", - "default": "./dist/serialization/workflow.js" - }, "./serialization-format": { "types": "./dist/serialization-format.d.ts", "default": "./dist/serialization-format.js" diff --git a/packages/workflow/package.json b/packages/workflow/package.json index 5e434f5830..e4e44c089a 100644 --- a/packages/workflow/package.json +++ b/packages/workflow/package.json @@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ "./internal/errors": "./dist/internal/errors.js", "./internal/builtins": "./dist/internal/builtins.js", "./internal/class-serialization": "./dist/internal/class-serialization.js", - "./internal/serialization": "./dist/internal/serialization.js", "./next": "./dist/next.cjs", "./nitro": "./dist/nitro.js", "./nuxt": "./dist/nuxt.js", diff --git a/packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts b/packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts deleted file mode 100644 index 8706335af4..0000000000 --- a/packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -/** - * Workflow-mode serialization utilities for the workflow VM bundle. - * - * Re-exports the workflow-mode serialize/deserialize from @workflow/core. - * The serialize/deserialize functions are synchronous and do not use - * encryption — encryption is handled on the host side outside the VM. - * - * Note: The current implementation has Node.js dependencies (`node:util` - * for `types.isNativeError()` and `Buffer` for base64 encoding). When - * used inside the Node.js `vm.Context` sandbox (the current runtime), - * these are available. For the QuickJS WASM VM (snapshot runtime), these - * dependencies will need to be replaced with polyfills or alternative - * implementations — that work is tracked on the snapshot-runtime branch. - */ -export { serialize, deserialize } from '@workflow/core/serialization/workflow'; From 69b943224c11e346ee0bfc6c988f4097d6bf2d31 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 19 Apr 2026 01:55:11 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 081/124] Downgrade changeset from minor to patch After auditing actual consumers of the narrowed return types (getExternalReducers/getWorkflowReducers/getExternalRevivers/getWorkflowRevivers now return Partial/Partial), no in-repo or external consumer indexes specific keys on the returned object in a way that would break. The only internal caller that did (runtime/run.ts) was updated in this same PR. The narrowing is type-safer but effectively invisible at runtime and for idiomatic callers that spread or forward the object. Since the refactor is internally restructuring only, patch is the appropriate semver bump. --- .changeset/serialization-refactor.md | 7 ++----- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/.changeset/serialization-refactor.md b/.changeset/serialization-refactor.md index 712c0bfb90..d3dc677ae1 100644 --- a/.changeset/serialization-refactor.md +++ b/.changeset/serialization-refactor.md @@ -1,8 +1,5 @@ --- -"@workflow/core": minor +"@workflow/core": patch --- -Refactor the monolithic `serialization.ts` into a modular `serialization/` directory with focused files for types, format prefix, encryption, codec, and per-mode (workflow/step/client) serialize/deserialize entry points. The legacy `dehydrate*`/`hydrate*` functions now delegate to the modular pipeline. - -- Return types of `getExternalReducers`, `getWorkflowReducers`, `getExternalRevivers`, and `getWorkflowRevivers` narrowed from `Reducers`/`Revivers` to `Partial`/`Partial`. This reflects reality (some keys are mode-specific) but callers that indexed into specific keys without a guard may need to add non-null assertions or optional chaining -- Adds 138 unit tests covering the modular serialization pipeline +Refactor the monolithic `serialization.ts` into a modular `serialization/` directory with focused files for types, format prefix, encryption, codec, and per-mode (workflow/step/client) serialize/deserialize entry points. The legacy `dehydrate*`/`hydrate*` functions now delegate to the modular pipeline. No runtime behavior change; all previously-exported names remain exported from the same entry point. Also adds 138 unit tests covering the modular pipeline. From 32576ebf2065e3393316ad6ae4a6d7917bb8176f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 19 Apr 2026 01:55:29 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 082/124] Trim serialization-refactor changeset --- .changeset/serialization-refactor.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/.changeset/serialization-refactor.md b/.changeset/serialization-refactor.md index d3dc677ae1..4787addf5f 100644 --- a/.changeset/serialization-refactor.md +++ b/.changeset/serialization-refactor.md @@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ "@workflow/core": patch --- -Refactor the monolithic `serialization.ts` into a modular `serialization/` directory with focused files for types, format prefix, encryption, codec, and per-mode (workflow/step/client) serialize/deserialize entry points. The legacy `dehydrate*`/`hydrate*` functions now delegate to the modular pipeline. No runtime behavior change; all previously-exported names remain exported from the same entry point. Also adds 138 unit tests covering the modular pipeline. +Refactor `serialization.ts` into modular `serialization/` files. No runtime change. From c8b33d618f68f770fcafad90ea15f9d16b958376 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 19 Apr 2026 13:21:12 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 083/124] Make snapshot runtime the default, opt-out via WORKFLOW_RUNTIME=replay MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Flip the runtime selection so snapshot is the default: - useSnapshotRuntime() returns false only when WORKFLOW_RUNTIME=replay or when workflowRun.executionContext.workflowRuntime === 'replay' - start() only propagates 'snapshot' or 'replay' through executionContext; unknown WORKFLOW_RUNTIME values are ignored Add a runtime axis to CI so every framework is tested under both runtimes: - create-test-matrix.mjs cross-products apps × [snapshot, replay] → 26 jobs - e2e-vercel-prod gains a runtime matrix dimension (inline matrix) - e2e-local-dev / e2e-local-prod / e2e-local-postgres consume matrix.app.runtime - e2e-windows gets its own [snapshot, replay] runtime axis - All jobs set WORKFLOW_RUNTIME, include runtime in display names and artifact names to disambiguate the doubled runs - Retire the ad-hoc e2e-replay-runtime / e2e-snapshot-runtime-vercel jobs that only covered nextjs-turbopack — the matrix now covers that case - Remove the 'snapshot runtime tests (non-blocking)' PR-comment section --- .github/workflows/tests.yml | 213 ++++++----------------------- packages/core/src/runtime.ts | 13 +- packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts | 14 +- scripts/create-test-matrix.mjs | 8 ++ 4 files changed, 70 insertions(+), 178 deletions(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests.yml b/.github/workflows/tests.yml index f8d57277e2..94908cae7b 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/tests.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/tests.yml @@ -209,12 +209,13 @@ jobs: working-directory: workbench/vitest e2e-vercel-prod: - name: E2E Vercel Prod Tests (${{ matrix.app.name }}) + name: E2E Vercel Prod Tests (${{ matrix.app.name }} - ${{ matrix.runtime }}) runs-on: ubuntu-latest timeout-minutes: 30 strategy: fail-fast: false matrix: + runtime: [snapshot, replay] app: - name: "example" project-id: "prj_xWq20Dd860HHAfzMjK2Mb6TPVxMa" @@ -279,12 +280,13 @@ jobs: environment: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && 'production' || 'preview' }} - name: Run E2E Tests - run: pnpm run test:e2e --reporter=default --reporter=json --reporter=./packages/core/e2e/github-reporter.ts --outputFile=e2e-vercel-prod-${{ matrix.app.name }}.json + run: pnpm run test:e2e --reporter=default --reporter=json --reporter=./packages/core/e2e/github-reporter.ts --outputFile=e2e-vercel-prod-${{ matrix.app.name }}-${{ matrix.runtime }}.json env: NODE_OPTIONS: "--enable-source-maps" DEPLOYMENT_URL: ${{ steps.waitForDeployment.outputs.deployment-url }} VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_ID: ${{ steps.waitForDeployment.outputs.deployment-id }} APP_NAME: ${{ matrix.app.name }} + WORKFLOW_RUNTIME: ${{ matrix.runtime }} WORKFLOW_VERCEL_ENV: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && 'production' || 'preview' }} WORKFLOW_VERCEL_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.VERCEL_LABS_TOKEN }} WORKFLOW_VERCEL_TEAM: "team_nO2mCG4W8IxPIeKoSsqwAxxB" @@ -294,15 +296,15 @@ jobs: - name: Generate E2E summary if: always() - run: node .github/scripts/aggregate-e2e-results.js . --job-name "E2E Vercel Prod (${{ matrix.app.name }})" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY || true + run: node .github/scripts/aggregate-e2e-results.js . --job-name "E2E Vercel Prod (${{ matrix.app.name }} - ${{ matrix.runtime }})" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY || true - name: Upload E2E results if: always() uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4 with: - name: e2e-results-vercel-prod-${{ matrix.app.name }} + name: e2e-results-vercel-prod-${{ matrix.app.name }}-${{ matrix.runtime }} path: | - e2e-vercel-prod-${{ matrix.app.name }}.json + e2e-vercel-prod-${{ matrix.app.name }}-${{ matrix.runtime }}.json e2e-metadata-${{ matrix.app.name }}-vercel.json e2e-failures-${{ matrix.app.name }}-vercel.json e2e-diagnostics-${{ matrix.app.name }}-vercel.json @@ -332,7 +334,7 @@ jobs: run: echo "matrix=$(node ./scripts/create-test-matrix.mjs)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT e2e-local-dev: - name: E2E Local Dev Tests (${{ matrix.app.name }} - ${{ matrix.app.canary && 'canary' || 'stable' }}) + name: E2E Local Dev Tests (${{ matrix.app.name }} - ${{ matrix.app.canary && 'canary' || 'stable' }} - ${{ matrix.app.runtime }}) runs-on: ubuntu-latest timeout-minutes: 30 if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'workflow-server-test') }} @@ -379,13 +381,14 @@ jobs: - name: Run E2E Tests run: | - cd "${{ steps.prepare-workbench.outputs.workbench_app_path }}" && pnpm dev & + cd "${{ steps.prepare-workbench.outputs.workbench_app_path }}" && WORKFLOW_RUNTIME=${{ matrix.app.runtime }} pnpm dev & echo "starting tests in 10 seconds" && sleep 10 pnpm vitest run packages/core/e2e/dev.test.ts; sleep 10 - pnpm run test:e2e --reporter=default --reporter=json --reporter=./packages/core/e2e/github-reporter.ts --outputFile=e2e-local-dev-${{ matrix.app.name }}-${{ matrix.app.canary && 'canary' || 'stable' }}.json + pnpm run test:e2e --reporter=default --reporter=json --reporter=./packages/core/e2e/github-reporter.ts --outputFile=e2e-local-dev-${{ matrix.app.name }}-${{ matrix.app.canary && 'canary' || 'stable' }}-${{ matrix.app.runtime }}.json env: NODE_OPTIONS: "--enable-source-maps" APP_NAME: ${{ matrix.app.name }} + WORKFLOW_RUNTIME: ${{ matrix.app.runtime }} WORKBENCH_APP_PATH: ${{ steps.prepare-workbench.outputs.workbench_app_path }} DEPLOYMENT_URL: "http://localhost:${{ matrix.app.name == 'sveltekit' && '5173' || (matrix.app.name == 'astro' && '4321' || '3000') }}" DEV_TEST_CONFIG: ${{ toJSON(matrix.app) }} @@ -393,142 +396,19 @@ jobs: - name: Generate E2E summary if: always() - run: node .github/scripts/aggregate-e2e-results.js . --job-name "E2E Local Dev (${{ matrix.app.name }})" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY || true + run: node .github/scripts/aggregate-e2e-results.js . --job-name "E2E Local Dev (${{ matrix.app.name }} - ${{ matrix.app.runtime }})" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY || true - name: Upload E2E results if: always() uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4 with: - name: e2e-results-local-dev-${{ matrix.app.name }}-${{ matrix.app.canary && 'canary' || 'stable' }} - path: e2e-local-dev-${{ matrix.app.name }}-${{ matrix.app.canary && 'canary' || 'stable' }}.json - retention-days: 7 - if-no-files-found: ignore - - e2e-snapshot-runtime: - name: E2E Snapshot Runtime (nextjs-turbopack) - runs-on: ubuntu-latest - timeout-minutes: 30 - if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'workflow-server-test') }} - - env: - TURBO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TURBO_TOKEN }} - TURBO_TEAM: ${{ vars.TURBO_TEAM }} - WORKFLOW_PUBLIC_MANIFEST: '1' - - steps: - - name: Checkout Repo - uses: actions/checkout@v4 - with: - ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }} - - - name: Setup environment - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-workflow-dev - with: - install-dependencies: 'false' - build-packages: 'false' - - - name: Install Dependencies - run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile - - - name: Run Initial Build - run: pnpm turbo run build --filter='!./workbench/*' - - - name: Prepare workbench path - id: prepare-workbench - uses: ./.github/actions/prepare-workbench-path - with: - app-name: nextjs-turbopack - - - name: Run E2E Tests (Snapshot Runtime) - run: | - cd "${{ steps.prepare-workbench.outputs.workbench_app_path }}" && WORKFLOW_RUNTIME=snapshot pnpm dev & - echo "starting tests in 10 seconds" && sleep 10 - pnpm run test:e2e --reporter=default --reporter=json --outputFile=e2e-snapshot-runtime.json - env: - NODE_OPTIONS: "--enable-source-maps" - APP_NAME: nextjs-turbopack - WORKBENCH_APP_PATH: ${{ steps.prepare-workbench.outputs.workbench_app_path }} - DEPLOYMENT_URL: "http://localhost:3000" - - - name: Generate E2E summary - if: always() - run: node .github/scripts/aggregate-e2e-results.js . --job-name "E2E Snapshot Runtime (nextjs-turbopack)" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY || true - - - name: Upload E2E results - if: always() - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4 - with: - name: e2e-results-snapshot-runtime - path: e2e-snapshot-runtime.json - retention-days: 7 - if-no-files-found: ignore - - e2e-snapshot-runtime-vercel: - name: E2E Snapshot Runtime Vercel (nextjs-turbopack) - runs-on: ubuntu-latest - timeout-minutes: 30 - if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'workflow-server-test') }} - - env: - TURBO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TURBO_TOKEN }} - TURBO_TEAM: ${{ vars.TURBO_TEAM }} - WORKFLOW_PUBLIC_MANIFEST: '1' - - steps: - - name: Checkout Repo - uses: actions/checkout@v4 - with: - ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }} - - - name: Setup environment - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-workflow-dev - with: - build-packages: 'false' - - - name: Build CLI - run: pnpm turbo run build --filter='@workflow/cli' - - - name: Waiting for the Vercel deployment - id: waitForDeployment - uses: ./.github/actions/wait-for-vercel-project - with: - team-id: "team_nO2mCG4W8IxPIeKoSsqwAxxB" - project-id: "prj_yjkM7UdHliv8bfxZ1sMJQf1pMpdi" - vercel-token: ${{ secrets.VERCEL_LABS_TOKEN }} - timeout: 1000 - check-interval: 15 - environment: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && 'production' || 'preview' }} - - - name: Run E2E Tests (Snapshot Runtime + Vercel) - run: pnpm run test:e2e --reporter=default --reporter=json --outputFile=e2e-snapshot-runtime-vercel.json - env: - NODE_OPTIONS: "--enable-source-maps" - DEPLOYMENT_URL: ${{ steps.waitForDeployment.outputs.deployment-url }} - VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_ID: ${{ steps.waitForDeployment.outputs.deployment-id }} - APP_NAME: nextjs-turbopack - WORKFLOW_RUNTIME: snapshot - WORKFLOW_VERCEL_ENV: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && 'production' || 'preview' }} - WORKFLOW_VERCEL_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.VERCEL_LABS_TOKEN }} - WORKFLOW_VERCEL_TEAM: "team_nO2mCG4W8IxPIeKoSsqwAxxB" - WORKFLOW_VERCEL_PROJECT: "prj_yjkM7UdHliv8bfxZ1sMJQf1pMpdi" - WORKFLOW_VERCEL_PROJECT_SLUG: "example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack" - VERCEL_AUTOMATION_BYPASS_SECRET: ${{ secrets.VERCEL_AUTOMATION_BYPASS_SECRET }} - - - name: Generate E2E summary - if: always() - run: node .github/scripts/aggregate-e2e-results.js . --job-name "E2E Snapshot Runtime Vercel (nextjs-turbopack)" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY || true - - - name: Upload E2E results - if: always() - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4 - with: - name: e2e-results-snapshot-runtime-vercel - path: e2e-snapshot-runtime-vercel.json + name: e2e-results-local-dev-${{ matrix.app.name }}-${{ matrix.app.canary && 'canary' || 'stable' }}-${{ matrix.app.runtime }} + path: e2e-local-dev-${{ matrix.app.name }}-${{ matrix.app.canary && 'canary' || 'stable' }}-${{ matrix.app.runtime }}.json retention-days: 7 if-no-files-found: ignore e2e-local-prod: - name: E2E Local Prod Tests (${{ matrix.app.name }} - ${{ matrix.app.canary && 'canary' || 'stable' }}) + name: E2E Local Prod Tests (${{ matrix.app.name }} - ${{ matrix.app.canary && 'canary' || 'stable' }} - ${{ matrix.app.runtime }}) runs-on: ubuntu-latest timeout-minutes: 30 if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'workflow-server-test') }} @@ -581,31 +461,32 @@ jobs: - name: Run E2E Tests run: | - cd "${{ steps.prepare-workbench.outputs.workbench_app_path }}" && pnpm start & + cd "${{ steps.prepare-workbench.outputs.workbench_app_path }}" && WORKFLOW_RUNTIME=${{ matrix.app.runtime }} pnpm start & echo "starting tests in 10 seconds" && sleep 10 - pnpm run test:e2e --reporter=default --reporter=json --reporter=./packages/core/e2e/github-reporter.ts --outputFile=e2e-local-prod-${{ matrix.app.name }}-${{ matrix.app.canary && 'canary' || 'stable' }}.json + pnpm run test:e2e --reporter=default --reporter=json --reporter=./packages/core/e2e/github-reporter.ts --outputFile=e2e-local-prod-${{ matrix.app.name }}-${{ matrix.app.canary && 'canary' || 'stable' }}-${{ matrix.app.runtime }}.json env: NODE_OPTIONS: "--enable-source-maps" APP_NAME: ${{ matrix.app.name }} + WORKFLOW_RUNTIME: ${{ matrix.app.runtime }} WORKBENCH_APP_PATH: ${{ steps.prepare-workbench.outputs.workbench_app_path }} DEPLOYMENT_URL: "http://localhost:${{ matrix.app.name == 'sveltekit' && '4173' || (matrix.app.name == 'astro' && '4321' || '3000') }}" NEXT_CANARY: ${{ matrix.app.canary && '1' || '' }} - name: Generate E2E summary if: always() - run: node .github/scripts/aggregate-e2e-results.js . --job-name "E2E Local Prod (${{ matrix.app.name }})" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY || true + run: node .github/scripts/aggregate-e2e-results.js . --job-name "E2E Local Prod (${{ matrix.app.name }} - ${{ matrix.app.runtime }})" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY || true - name: Upload E2E results if: always() uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4 with: - name: e2e-results-local-prod-${{ matrix.app.name }}-${{ matrix.app.canary && 'canary' || 'stable' }} - path: e2e-local-prod-${{ matrix.app.name }}-${{ matrix.app.canary && 'canary' || 'stable' }}.json + name: e2e-results-local-prod-${{ matrix.app.name }}-${{ matrix.app.canary && 'canary' || 'stable' }}-${{ matrix.app.runtime }} + path: e2e-local-prod-${{ matrix.app.name }}-${{ matrix.app.canary && 'canary' || 'stable' }}-${{ matrix.app.runtime }}.json retention-days: 7 if-no-files-found: ignore e2e-local-postgres: - name: E2E Local Postgres Tests (${{ matrix.app.name }} - ${{ matrix.app.canary && 'canary' || 'stable' }}) + name: E2E Local Postgres Tests (${{ matrix.app.name }} - ${{ matrix.app.canary && 'canary' || 'stable' }} - ${{ matrix.app.runtime }}) runs-on: ubuntu-latest timeout-minutes: 30 if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'workflow-server-test') }} @@ -678,34 +559,39 @@ jobs: - name: Run E2E Tests run: | - cd "${{ steps.prepare-workbench.outputs.workbench_app_path }}" && pnpm start & + cd "${{ steps.prepare-workbench.outputs.workbench_app_path }}" && WORKFLOW_RUNTIME=${{ matrix.app.runtime }} pnpm start & echo "starting tests in 10 seconds" && sleep 10 - pnpm run test:e2e --reporter=default --reporter=json --reporter=./packages/core/e2e/github-reporter.ts --outputFile=e2e-local-postgres-${{ matrix.app.name }}-${{ matrix.app.canary && 'canary' || 'stable' }}.json + pnpm run test:e2e --reporter=default --reporter=json --reporter=./packages/core/e2e/github-reporter.ts --outputFile=e2e-local-postgres-${{ matrix.app.name }}-${{ matrix.app.canary && 'canary' || 'stable' }}-${{ matrix.app.runtime }}.json env: NODE_OPTIONS: "--enable-source-maps" APP_NAME: ${{ matrix.app.name }} + WORKFLOW_RUNTIME: ${{ matrix.app.runtime }} WORKBENCH_APP_PATH: ${{ steps.prepare-workbench.outputs.workbench_app_path }} DEPLOYMENT_URL: "http://localhost:${{ matrix.app.name == 'sveltekit' && '4173' || (matrix.app.name == 'astro' && '4321' || '3000') }}" NEXT_CANARY: ${{ matrix.app.canary && '1' || '' }} - name: Generate E2E summary if: always() - run: node .github/scripts/aggregate-e2e-results.js . --job-name "E2E Local Postgres (${{ matrix.app.name }})" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY || true + run: node .github/scripts/aggregate-e2e-results.js . --job-name "E2E Local Postgres (${{ matrix.app.name }} - ${{ matrix.app.runtime }})" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY || true - name: Upload E2E results if: always() uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4 with: - name: e2e-results-local-postgres-${{ matrix.app.name }}-${{ matrix.app.canary && 'canary' || 'stable' }} - path: e2e-local-postgres-${{ matrix.app.name }}-${{ matrix.app.canary && 'canary' || 'stable' }}.json + name: e2e-results-local-postgres-${{ matrix.app.name }}-${{ matrix.app.canary && 'canary' || 'stable' }}-${{ matrix.app.runtime }} + path: e2e-local-postgres-${{ matrix.app.name }}-${{ matrix.app.canary && 'canary' || 'stable' }}-${{ matrix.app.runtime }}.json retention-days: 7 if-no-files-found: ignore e2e-windows: - name: E2E Windows Tests + name: E2E Windows Tests (${{ matrix.runtime }}) runs-on: windows-latest timeout-minutes: 30 if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'workflow-server-test') }} + strategy: + fail-fast: false + matrix: + runtime: [snapshot, replay] env: TURBO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TURBO_TOKEN }} TURBO_TEAM: ${{ vars.TURBO_TEAM }} @@ -744,16 +630,18 @@ jobs: run: | cd workbench/nextjs-turbopack $logFile = "$env:GITHUB_WORKSPACE/nextjs-server.log" - $job = Start-Job -ScriptBlock { Set-Location $using:PWD; pnpm dev *>&1 | Tee-Object -FilePath $using:logFile } + $job = Start-Job -ScriptBlock { Set-Location $using:PWD; $env:WORKFLOW_RUNTIME = $using:MATRIX_RUNTIME; pnpm dev *>&1 | Tee-Object -FilePath $using:logFile } Start-Sleep -Seconds 15 cd ../.. pnpm vitest run packages/core/e2e/dev.test.ts - pnpm run test:e2e --reporter=default --reporter=json --reporter=./packages/core/e2e/github-reporter.ts --outputFile=e2e-windows-nextjs-turbopack.json + pnpm run test:e2e --reporter=default --reporter=json --reporter=./packages/core/e2e/github-reporter.ts --outputFile=e2e-windows-nextjs-turbopack-$env:MATRIX_RUNTIME.json Stop-Job $job shell: powershell env: NODE_OPTIONS: "--enable-source-maps" APP_NAME: "nextjs-turbopack" + WORKFLOW_RUNTIME: ${{ matrix.runtime }} + MATRIX_RUNTIME: ${{ matrix.runtime }} DEPLOYMENT_URL: "http://localhost:3000" DEV_TEST_CONFIG: '{"generatedStepPath":"app/.well-known/workflow/v1/step/route.js","generatedWorkflowPath":"app/.well-known/workflow/v1/flow/route.js","apiFilePath":"app/api/chat/route.ts","apiFileImportPath":"../../..","port":3000}' @@ -773,14 +661,14 @@ jobs: - name: Generate E2E summary if: always() shell: bash - run: node .github/scripts/aggregate-e2e-results.js . --job-name "E2E Windows (nextjs-turbopack)" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY || true + run: node .github/scripts/aggregate-e2e-results.js . --job-name "E2E Windows (nextjs-turbopack - ${{ matrix.runtime }})" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY || true - name: Upload E2E results if: always() uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4 with: - name: e2e-results-windows-nextjs-turbopack - path: e2e-windows-nextjs-turbopack.json + name: e2e-results-windows-nextjs-turbopack-${{ matrix.runtime }} + path: e2e-windows-nextjs-turbopack-${{ matrix.runtime }}.json retention-days: 7 if-no-files-found: ignore @@ -788,7 +676,7 @@ jobs: if: always() uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4 with: - name: nextjs-server-logs-windows + name: nextjs-server-logs-windows-${{ matrix.runtime }} path: nextjs-server.log retention-days: 7 if-no-files-found: ignore @@ -835,7 +723,7 @@ jobs: summary: name: E2E Summary runs-on: ubuntu-latest - needs: [e2e-vercel-prod, e2e-local-dev, e2e-local-prod, e2e-local-postgres, e2e-windows, e2e-community, e2e-snapshot-runtime, e2e-snapshot-runtime-vercel] + needs: [e2e-vercel-prod, e2e-local-dev, e2e-local-prod, e2e-local-postgres, e2e-windows, e2e-community] if: always() && !cancelled() timeout-minutes: 10 @@ -868,8 +756,6 @@ jobs: POSTGRES_STATUS="${{ needs.e2e-local-postgres.result }}" WINDOWS_STATUS="${{ needs.e2e-windows.result }}" COMMUNITY_STATUS="${{ needs.e2e-community.result }}" - SNAPSHOT_STATUS="${{ needs.e2e-snapshot-runtime.result }}" - SNAPSHOT_VERCEL_STATUS="${{ needs.e2e-snapshot-runtime-vercel.result }}" echo "vercel=$VERCEL_STATUS" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT echo "local-dev=$LOCAL_DEV_STATUS" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT @@ -877,10 +763,8 @@ jobs: echo "postgres=$POSTGRES_STATUS" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT echo "windows=$WINDOWS_STATUS" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT echo "community=$COMMUNITY_STATUS" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT - echo "snapshot=$SNAPSHOT_STATUS" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT - echo "snapshot-vercel=$SNAPSHOT_VERCEL_STATUS" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT - # Community world and snapshot runtime failures are warnings, not errors + # Community world failures are warnings; everything else is a hard failure if [[ "$VERCEL_STATUS" == "failure" || "$LOCAL_DEV_STATUS" == "failure" || "$LOCAL_PROD_STATUS" == "failure" || "$POSTGRES_STATUS" == "failure" || "$WINDOWS_STATUS" == "failure" ]]; then echo "has_failures=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT else @@ -932,17 +816,6 @@ jobs: Check the [workflow run](${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}) for details. - - name: Append snapshot runtime status to PR comment - if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && (needs.e2e-snapshot-runtime.result != 'skipped' || needs.e2e-snapshot-runtime-vercel.result != 'skipped') - uses: marocchino/sticky-pull-request-comment@v2 - with: - header: e2e-test-results - append: true - message: | - - --- - ${{ needs.e2e-snapshot-runtime.result == 'success' && '✅' || '⚠️' }} **Snapshot runtime tests (local)** (non-blocking): ${{ needs.e2e-snapshot-runtime.result }} - ${{ needs.e2e-snapshot-runtime-vercel.result == 'success' && '✅' || '⚠️' }} **Snapshot runtime tests (vercel)** (non-blocking): ${{ needs.e2e-snapshot-runtime-vercel.result }} # Final required check: passes only when unit + all E2E jobs succeed e2e-required-check: diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime.ts index 94cbbbecb9..7743d02614 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime.ts @@ -48,13 +48,16 @@ import { runWorkflow } from './workflow.js'; /** * Whether to use the snapshot-based workflow runtime for a given run. - * The runtime can be selected globally via WORKFLOW_RUNTIME=snapshot env var, - * or per-run via executionContext.workflowRuntime (set by the SDK at start()). + * + * The snapshot runtime is the default. It can be disabled globally via + * WORKFLOW_RUNTIME=replay env var, or per-run via + * executionContext.workflowRuntime = 'replay' (set by the SDK at start()). * The per-run setting allows the same deployment to serve both runtimes. */ function useSnapshotRuntime(workflowRun: WorkflowRun): boolean { - if (process.env.WORKFLOW_RUNTIME === 'snapshot') return true; - return workflowRun.executionContext?.workflowRuntime === 'snapshot'; + if (process.env.WORKFLOW_RUNTIME === 'replay') return false; + if (workflowRun.executionContext?.workflowRuntime === 'replay') return false; + return true; } export type { Event, WorkflowRun }; @@ -406,7 +409,7 @@ export function workflowEntrypoint( return; } - // --- Snapshot runtime (opt-in via WORKFLOW_RUNTIME=snapshot) --- + // --- Snapshot runtime (default; opt-out via WORKFLOW_RUNTIME=replay) --- if (useSnapshotRuntime(workflowRun)) { runtimeLogger.debug('Using snapshot runtime', { workflowRunId: runId, diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts index 54f677ff51..d3abfce70f 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts @@ -206,13 +206,21 @@ export async function start( v1Compat ); + // If WORKFLOW_RUNTIME is set to 'replay' or 'snapshot' on the client + // starting the run, propagate that choice through to the runtime so the + // same deployment can serve both runtimes. Unknown values are ignored — + // the runtime defaults to snapshot if nothing is set. + const workflowRuntimeEnv = process.env.WORKFLOW_RUNTIME; + const workflowRuntime = + workflowRuntimeEnv === 'replay' || workflowRuntimeEnv === 'snapshot' + ? workflowRuntimeEnv + : undefined; + const executionContext = { traceCarrier, workflowCoreVersion, features: { encryption: !!encryptionKey }, - ...(process.env.WORKFLOW_RUNTIME - ? { workflowRuntime: process.env.WORKFLOW_RUNTIME } - : {}), + ...(workflowRuntime ? { workflowRuntime } : {}), }; // Call events.create (run_created) and queue in parallel. diff --git a/scripts/create-test-matrix.mjs b/scripts/create-test-matrix.mjs index 085c16c937..db8d606245 100644 --- a/scripts/create-test-matrix.mjs +++ b/scripts/create-test-matrix.mjs @@ -148,4 +148,12 @@ matrix.app.push({ ...DEV_TEST_CONFIGS.astro, }); +// Cross-product with the runtime axis: every app is tested against both +// the snapshot runtime (the default) and the event-replay runtime +// (opt-in via WORKFLOW_RUNTIME=replay). +const RUNTIMES = ['snapshot', 'replay']; +matrix.app = matrix.app.flatMap((app) => + RUNTIMES.map((runtime) => ({ ...app, runtime })) +); + console.log(JSON.stringify(matrix)); From 6f9c2e31738dedb33c4178b275873d9866f57698 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 19 Apr 2026 13:24:39 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 084/124] Validate WORKFLOW_RUNTIME env var; throw on unknown values Previously an unknown WORKFLOW_RUNTIME value was silently treated as the default (snapshot), which hid misconfigurations like WORKFLOW_RUNTIME=dev or WORKFLOW_RUNTIME=true. Now: - New packages/core/src/runtime/runtime-mode.ts with: - WORKFLOW_RUNTIMES const ('snapshot', 'replay') - WorkflowRuntimeMode type - getWorkflowRuntimeFromEnv() reads and validates the env var, throwing WorkflowRuntimeError on unknown values - runtime.ts useSnapshotRuntime() uses the validating helper for the env var, and also validates executionContext.workflowRuntime on the run entity (defensive against malformed events) - start.ts replaces its inline whitelist check with the shared helper, so misconfiguration on the client starting a run fails fast before creating the run Adds 8 unit tests covering empty/unset/snapshot/replay/bogus/whitespace /case-sensitivity, and the error-message-contents contract. --- packages/core/src/runtime.ts | 20 +++++- .../core/src/runtime/runtime-mode.test.ts | 67 +++++++++++++++++++ packages/core/src/runtime/runtime-mode.ts | 38 +++++++++++ packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts | 14 ++-- 4 files changed, 128 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-) create mode 100644 packages/core/src/runtime/runtime-mode.test.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/runtime/runtime-mode.ts diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime.ts index 7743d02614..0046f37ecf 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime.ts @@ -27,6 +27,10 @@ import { parseHealthCheckPayload, withHealthCheck, } from './runtime/helpers.js'; +import { + getWorkflowRuntimeFromEnv, + WORKFLOW_RUNTIMES, +} from './runtime/runtime-mode.js'; import { runWorkflowWithSnapshots } from './runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.js'; import { handleSuspension } from './runtime/suspension-handler.js'; import { @@ -53,10 +57,22 @@ import { runWorkflow } from './workflow.js'; * WORKFLOW_RUNTIME=replay env var, or per-run via * executionContext.workflowRuntime = 'replay' (set by the SDK at start()). * The per-run setting allows the same deployment to serve both runtimes. + * + * Throws if `WORKFLOW_RUNTIME` is set to an unknown value, or if the run's + * `executionContext.workflowRuntime` is set to an unknown value. */ function useSnapshotRuntime(workflowRun: WorkflowRun): boolean { - if (process.env.WORKFLOW_RUNTIME === 'replay') return false; - if (workflowRun.executionContext?.workflowRuntime === 'replay') return false; + if (getWorkflowRuntimeFromEnv() === 'replay') return false; + const runtimeFromRun = workflowRun.executionContext?.workflowRuntime; + if (runtimeFromRun !== undefined) { + if (!(WORKFLOW_RUNTIMES as readonly string[]).includes(runtimeFromRun)) { + throw new WorkflowRuntimeError( + `Invalid executionContext.workflowRuntime value: "${runtimeFromRun}". ` + + `Expected one of: ${WORKFLOW_RUNTIMES.join(', ')}.` + ); + } + if (runtimeFromRun === 'replay') return false; + } return true; } diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/runtime-mode.test.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/runtime-mode.test.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ff0698e79f --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/runtime-mode.test.ts @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +import { WorkflowRuntimeError } from '@workflow/errors'; +import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'; +import { + getWorkflowRuntimeFromEnv, + WORKFLOW_RUNTIMES, +} from './runtime-mode.js'; + +describe('getWorkflowRuntimeFromEnv', () => { + it('returns undefined when WORKFLOW_RUNTIME is not set', () => { + expect(getWorkflowRuntimeFromEnv({})).toBeUndefined(); + }); + + it('returns undefined when WORKFLOW_RUNTIME is empty', () => { + expect(getWorkflowRuntimeFromEnv({ WORKFLOW_RUNTIME: '' })).toBeUndefined(); + }); + + it('returns "snapshot" when WORKFLOW_RUNTIME=snapshot', () => { + expect(getWorkflowRuntimeFromEnv({ WORKFLOW_RUNTIME: 'snapshot' })).toBe( + 'snapshot' + ); + }); + + it('returns "replay" when WORKFLOW_RUNTIME=replay', () => { + expect(getWorkflowRuntimeFromEnv({ WORKFLOW_RUNTIME: 'replay' })).toBe( + 'replay' + ); + }); + + it('throws WorkflowRuntimeError on unknown values', () => { + expect(() => + getWorkflowRuntimeFromEnv({ WORKFLOW_RUNTIME: 'bogus' }) + ).toThrow(WorkflowRuntimeError); + expect(() => + getWorkflowRuntimeFromEnv({ WORKFLOW_RUNTIME: 'bogus' }) + ).toThrow(/Invalid WORKFLOW_RUNTIME value: "bogus"/); + }); + + it('is case-sensitive: uppercase values are rejected', () => { + expect(() => + getWorkflowRuntimeFromEnv({ WORKFLOW_RUNTIME: 'SNAPSHOT' }) + ).toThrow(WorkflowRuntimeError); + expect(() => + getWorkflowRuntimeFromEnv({ WORKFLOW_RUNTIME: 'Replay' }) + ).toThrow(WorkflowRuntimeError); + }); + + it('rejects leading/trailing whitespace', () => { + expect(() => + getWorkflowRuntimeFromEnv({ WORKFLOW_RUNTIME: ' snapshot' }) + ).toThrow(WorkflowRuntimeError); + expect(() => + getWorkflowRuntimeFromEnv({ WORKFLOW_RUNTIME: 'replay ' }) + ).toThrow(WorkflowRuntimeError); + }); + + it('error message lists valid options', () => { + try { + getWorkflowRuntimeFromEnv({ WORKFLOW_RUNTIME: 'bogus' }); + expect.fail('expected to throw'); + } catch (err) { + expect(err).toBeInstanceOf(WorkflowRuntimeError); + for (const mode of WORKFLOW_RUNTIMES) { + expect((err as Error).message).toContain(mode); + } + } + }); +}); diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/runtime-mode.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/runtime-mode.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b51c2a97dd --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/runtime-mode.ts @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +/** + * Runtime mode selection for workflows. + * + * The snapshot runtime is the default. The event-replay runtime is opt-in + * via the `WORKFLOW_RUNTIME` env var or `executionContext.workflowRuntime`. + */ + +import { WorkflowRuntimeError } from '@workflow/errors'; + +/** + * Known workflow runtime modes. Any other `WORKFLOW_RUNTIME` value is + * treated as a misconfiguration and rejected at startup. + */ +export const WORKFLOW_RUNTIMES = ['snapshot', 'replay'] as const; + +export type WorkflowRuntimeMode = (typeof WORKFLOW_RUNTIMES)[number]; + +/** + * Read and validate the `WORKFLOW_RUNTIME` env var. + * + * Returns the configured mode, or `undefined` if unset/empty. + * Throws {@link WorkflowRuntimeError} if the value is set but not one of + * the known modes — catching misconfiguration early is better than + * silently falling back to the default. + */ +export function getWorkflowRuntimeFromEnv( + env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv = process.env +): WorkflowRuntimeMode | undefined { + const raw = env.WORKFLOW_RUNTIME; + if (raw === undefined || raw === '') return undefined; + if ((WORKFLOW_RUNTIMES as readonly string[]).includes(raw)) { + return raw as WorkflowRuntimeMode; + } + throw new WorkflowRuntimeError( + `Invalid WORKFLOW_RUNTIME value: "${raw}". ` + + `Expected one of: ${WORKFLOW_RUNTIMES.join(', ')}.` + ); +} diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts index d3abfce70f..47d7d1c8e6 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts @@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import { waitedUntil } from '../util.js'; import { version as workflowCoreVersion } from '../version.js'; import { getWorkflowQueueName } from './helpers.js'; import { Run } from './run.js'; +import { getWorkflowRuntimeFromEnv } from './runtime-mode.js'; import { getWorld } from './world.js'; /** ULID generator for client-side runId generation */ @@ -206,15 +207,10 @@ export async function start( v1Compat ); - // If WORKFLOW_RUNTIME is set to 'replay' or 'snapshot' on the client - // starting the run, propagate that choice through to the runtime so the - // same deployment can serve both runtimes. Unknown values are ignored — - // the runtime defaults to snapshot if nothing is set. - const workflowRuntimeEnv = process.env.WORKFLOW_RUNTIME; - const workflowRuntime = - workflowRuntimeEnv === 'replay' || workflowRuntimeEnv === 'snapshot' - ? workflowRuntimeEnv - : undefined; + // If WORKFLOW_RUNTIME is set on the client starting the run, propagate + // that choice through to the runtime so the same deployment can serve + // both runtimes. Unknown values throw — see getWorkflowRuntimeFromEnv(). + const workflowRuntime = getWorkflowRuntimeFromEnv(); const executionContext = { traceCarrier, From 8a883b613c25f01f480e261822e5439b2c1dbd73 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 19 Apr 2026 14:15:40 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 085/124] Dedup formatSerializationError: import from serialization/errors.ts The legacy serialization.ts had its own inlined copy of formatSerializationError. Now that the helper is exported from serialization/errors.ts (already consumed by workflow.ts/step.ts/client.ts), import it here too to keep the single source of truth. --- packages/core/src/serialization.ts | 31 ++---------------------------- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization.ts index e9ae552a00..321958cacf 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization.ts @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ import { WorkflowRuntimeError } from '@workflow/errors'; -import { DevalueError, parse, stringify } from 'devalue'; +import { parse, stringify } from 'devalue'; import { monotonicFactory } from 'ulid'; import { decrypt as aesGcmDecrypt, @@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import { pollReadableLock, pollWritableLock, } from './flushable-stream.js'; -import { runtimeLogger } from './logger.js'; import { getStepFunction } from './private.js'; import { getWorld } from './runtime/world.js'; import * as clientModule from './serialization/client.js'; @@ -21,6 +20,7 @@ import { type EncryptionKeyParam, encrypt, } from './serialization/encryption.js'; +import { formatSerializationError } from './serialization/errors.js'; import { decodeFormatPrefix, encodeWithFormatPrefix, @@ -83,33 +83,6 @@ export type SerializationFormatType = */ const defaultUlid = monotonicFactory(); -/** - * Format a serialization error with context about what failed. - * Extracts path, value, and reason from devalue's DevalueError when available. - * Logs the problematic value to the console for better debugging. - */ -function formatSerializationError(context: string, error: unknown): string { - // Use "returning" for return values, "passing" for arguments/inputs - const verb = context.includes('return value') ? 'returning' : 'passing'; - - // Build the error message with path info if available from DevalueError - let message = `Failed to serialize ${context}`; - if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.path) { - message += ` at path "${error.path}"`; - } - message += `. Ensure you're ${verb} serializable types (plain objects, arrays, primitives, Date, RegExp, Map, Set).`; - - // Log the problematic value for debugging - if (error instanceof DevalueError && error.value !== undefined) { - runtimeLogger.error('Serialization failed', { - context, - problematicValue: error.value, - }); - } - - return message; -} - /** * Detect if a readable stream is a byte stream. * From 905fa5d8a19183dfe3f59a37259871bf94214f77 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 19 Apr 2026 14:54:46 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 086/124] Add DOMException and WorkflowFunction to VM-side reducers/revivers MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit The main-side common.ts grew these two reducers in recent commits (ported in via the serialization-refactor sync), but the VM-side common-vm.ts was missing them. As a result, running start() with a workflow function reference inside a VM-bundled workflow (the new startFromWorkflow / fibonacciWorkflow E2E tests) failed with 'Cannot stringify a function' — devalue could not find a matching reducer for the function reference produced by the SWC plugin. Changes: - reducers/common-vm.ts: add DOMException and WorkflowFunction reducers + revivers, mirroring common.ts but using VM-safe idioms (instanceof Error + constructor name for DOMException, duck-typing for DOMException fallback when not globally available) - workflow-vm.test.ts: add round-trip tests for both new types - vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts: regenerated from the updated source Fixes 2 of the 6 snapshot-mode E2E test failures (startFromWorkflow and fibonacciWorkflow). The remaining 4 are pre-existing snapshot-runtime limitations newly surfaced by the full E2E matrix running snapshot mode across all frameworks. --- .../src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts | 6 +- .../src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts | 55 ++++++++++++++++++- .../src/serialization/workflow-vm.test.ts | 38 ++++++++++--- 3 files changed, 88 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts index 045f0888e4..bc2757ef0f 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts @@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ * serialize/deserialize + TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills inside the * QuickJS WASM VM. 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Plain { workflowId } objects + // are NOT matched — this prevents infinite recursion since the reduced + // form { workflowId } is a plain object, not a function. + if (typeof value !== 'function') return false; + const workflowId = (value as any).workflowId; + if (typeof workflowId !== 'string') return false; + return { workflowId }; + }, URLSearchParams: (value) => { if ( typeof URLSearchParams !== 'undefined' && @@ -186,6 +211,25 @@ export function getCommonRevivers(): Partial { BigUint64Array: (value: string) => new BigUint64Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value)), Date: (value) => new Date(value), + DOMException: (value) => { + // DOMException may not be constructible in all QuickJS versions — + // fall back to a regular Error with the same shape if unavailable. + const DOMExceptionCtor = + typeof (globalThis as any).DOMException === 'function' + ? (globalThis as any).DOMException + : null; + if (DOMExceptionCtor) { + const error = new DOMExceptionCtor(value.message, value.name); + if (value.stack !== undefined) error.stack = value.stack; + if ('cause' in value) error.cause = value.cause; + return error; + } + const error = new Error(value.message); + error.name = value.name; + if (value.stack !== undefined) error.stack = value.stack; + if ('cause' in value) (error as any).cause = value.cause; + return error; + }, Error: (value) => { const error = new Error(value.message); error.name = value.name; @@ -204,6 +248,15 @@ export function getCommonRevivers(): Partial { if (typeof URL !== 'undefined') return new URL(value); return value; }, + WorkflowFunction: (value) => + Object.assign( + () => { + throw new Error( + 'Workflow functions cannot be called directly. Use start() to invoke them.' + ); + }, + { workflowId: value.workflowId } + ), URLSearchParams: (value) => { if (typeof URLSearchParams !== 'undefined') return new URLSearchParams(value === '.' ? '' : value); diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow-vm.test.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow-vm.test.ts index 23604f61f9..cf2e66475c 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow-vm.test.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow-vm.test.ts @@ -7,17 +7,17 @@ * 3. The pure-JS base64 implementation is correct */ -import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'; +import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'; import { base64Decode, base64Encode } from './base64.js'; +import { peekFormatPrefix } from './format.js'; import { - serialize as vmSerialize, - deserialize as vmDeserialize, -} from './workflow-vm.js'; -import { - serialize as nodeSerialize, deserialize as nodeDeserialize, + serialize as nodeSerialize, } from './workflow.js'; -import { peekFormatPrefix } from './format.js'; +import { + deserialize as vmDeserialize, + serialize as vmSerialize, +} from './workflow-vm.js'; describe('base64 encode/decode', () => { it('should round-trip empty buffer', () => { @@ -100,6 +100,30 @@ describe('VM workflow serializer', () => { expect(result.b[1]).toBeInstanceOf(Date); expect(result.c.d).toBe('e'); }); + + it('should round-trip WorkflowFunction reference', () => { + // Simulate an SWC-compiled workflow function: a function with a + // `workflowId` property that the runtime treats as an opaque handle. + const fn = Object.assign(() => {}, { + workflowId: 'workflow//./src/foo//myWorkflow', + }); + const revived = vmDeserialize(vmSerialize(fn)) as any; + expect(typeof revived).toBe('function'); + expect(revived.workflowId).toBe('workflow//./src/foo//myWorkflow'); + // Calling the revived stub throws — workflow functions must be invoked + // via start(), not directly. + expect(() => revived()).toThrow(/Use start\(\)/); + }); + + it('should round-trip DOMException', () => { + const ex = new DOMException('boom', 'AbortError'); + const revived = vmDeserialize(vmSerialize(ex)) as Error; + // The revived value is a DOMException (or Error fallback with the same + // name) — either way it should preserve name/message and be instanceof Error. + expect(revived).toBeInstanceOf(Error); + expect(revived.name).toBe('AbortError'); + expect(revived.message).toBe('boom'); + }); }); describe('VM ↔ Node.js cross-compatibility', () => { From 73125555b0a2e5e811ea44ca87a1c6edc62eb983 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 19 Apr 2026 15:45:34 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 087/124] Sync snapshot runtime with replay runtime drift + implement world-postgres snapshots MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit While the snapshot runtime branch was stale, main added several features to the replay runtime that the snapshot runtime never picked up. These drifts surfaced as E2E failures in the full snapshot × framework matrix. Port-over fixes (packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-{runtime,entrypoint}.ts): - workflowMetadata.features: add { encryption: !!encryptionKey } to the in-VM WORKFLOW_CONTEXT object so getWorkflowMetadata() matches the replay runtime's shape (commit ec517fa22 'Add features.encryption to WorkflowMetadata'). Fixes workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow E2E test. - workflowMetadata.url port resolution: replace hardcoded 'process.env.PORT ?? 3000' with an actual getPort() probe on the host side (matching workflow.ts which does the same for the replay runtime), then threaded into snapshot-runtime via new SnapshotRuntimeOptions.port. Fixes url mismatches on frameworks that use non-3000 ports (astro=4321, etc). - run_failed errorCode: classify the failure via classifyRunError() and include the resulting USER_ERROR / RUNTIME_ERROR in the run_failed event's eventData, matching the replay runtime (commit 84599b7ec 'feat: classify run failure error codes'). Fixes the two error.cause.code === 'USER_ERROR' tests. - WorkflowNotRegisteredError: when the workflow registry lookup fails in the VM, throw an error tagged with name='WorkflowNotRegisteredError'. On the host side, reconstruct it as a real WorkflowNotRegisteredError (a WorkflowRuntimeError subclass) so consumers see the canonical 'is not registered in the current deployment' message and the error classifies as RUNTIME_ERROR. Fixes the WorkflowNotRegisteredError E2E test. world-postgres snapshot implementation: - Drizzle schema: new workflow_snapshots table with run_id PK, bytea data column (gzip-compressed), events_cursor, created_at. - Migration 0010_add_snapshots_table.sql + _journal.json entry. - New snapshots.ts with createSnapshotsStorage(drizzle) implementing save/load/delete, mirroring the world-local shape: - save: upsert with onConflictDoUpdate so a newer snapshot replaces the previous suspension point. - load: decompress and return { data, metadata }. - delete: simple row deletion. - index.ts wires createSnapshotsStorage(drizzle) into the storage object, replacing the three NotImplementedError stubs. All 771 core tests pass. All 103 world-postgres tests pass (including the new migration being applied cleanly). --- .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 35 ++++++++- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 29 ++++++- .../migrations/0010_add_snapshots_table.sql | 6 ++ .../src/drizzle/migrations/meta/_journal.json | 7 ++ packages/world-postgres/src/drizzle/schema.ts | 17 +++++ packages/world-postgres/src/index.ts | 23 +----- packages/world-postgres/src/snapshots.ts | 75 +++++++++++++++++++ 7 files changed, 166 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-) create mode 100644 packages/world-postgres/src/drizzle/migrations/0010_add_snapshots_table.sql create mode 100644 packages/world-postgres/src/snapshots.ts diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index b2066c6961..b34dfa0534 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -5,13 +5,19 @@ * snapshot-based runtime instead of the event-replay runtime. */ -import { EntityConflictError, RunExpiredError } from '@workflow/errors'; +import { + EntityConflictError, + RunExpiredError, + WorkflowNotRegisteredError, +} from '@workflow/errors'; +import { getPort } from '@workflow/utils/get-port'; import { parseWorkflowName } from '@workflow/utils/parse-name'; import { type Event, SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, type WorkflowRun, } from '@workflow/world'; +import { classifyRunError } from '../classify-error.js'; import { importKey } from '../encryption.js'; import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; import { remapErrorStack } from '../source-map.js'; @@ -130,6 +136,12 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { const rawKey = await world.getEncryptionKeyForRun?.(workflowRun); const encryptionKey = rawKey ? await importKey(rawKey) : undefined; + // Resolve the workflow server port so `getWorkflowMetadata().url` inside + // the VM matches what the step-side handler reports. Skipped on Vercel — + // the VM reads VERCEL_URL directly in that environment. + const isVercel = process.env.VERCEL_URL !== undefined; + const port = isVercel ? undefined : await getPort(); + // Run the snapshot runtime runtimeLogger.debug('Snapshot runtime: invoking VM', { workflowRunId: runId, @@ -145,6 +157,7 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { events, existingSnapshot, encryptionKey, + port, }); runtimeLogger.debug('Snapshot runtime: VM returned', { @@ -401,11 +414,30 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { errorStack = remapErrorStack(errorStack, filename, workflowCode); } + // Classify the error so consumers (`run.returnValue`, observability) + // get `USER_ERROR` / `RUNTIME_ERROR` on `error.cause.code`, matching + // what the replay runtime already does in runtime.ts. + // + // The VM serializes errors as `{ name, message, stack }`, so we + // reconstruct a host-side Error of the correct class based on the + // VM-side `name` — specific WorkflowRuntimeError subclasses need + // to be preserved so classifyRunError() tags them as RUNTIME_ERROR. + const reconstructed: Error = + result.failed.name === 'WorkflowNotRegisteredError' + ? new WorkflowNotRegisteredError(workflowName) + : result.failed.name === 'Error' + ? new Error(result.failed.message) + : Object.assign(new Error(result.failed.message), { + name: result.failed.name, + }); + const errorCode = classifyRunError(reconstructed); + runtimeLogger.error('Snapshot runtime: workflow failed', { workflowRunId: runId, errorName: result.failed.name, errorMessage: result.failed.message, errorStack, + errorCode, }); // Delete the snapshot @@ -421,6 +453,7 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { message: result.failed.message, stack: errorStack, }, + errorCode, }, }); } catch (err) { diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 63ebd996a8..1a4cfa3921 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -97,6 +97,13 @@ export interface SnapshotRuntimeOptions { } | null; /** Encryption key for decrypting event payloads (undefined if unencrypted) */ encryptionKey?: CryptoKey; + /** + * The local port the workflow server is listening on, used to populate + * `workflowMetadata.url`. Resolved at call time on the host side so the + * VM doesn't have to probe the filesystem. Ignored on Vercel — VERCEL_URL + * takes precedence there. + */ + port?: number; } // ---- VM Bootstrap Code ---- @@ -521,7 +528,11 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( inputHandle.dispose(); } - // Set workflow context metadata (for getWorkflowMetadata()) + // Set workflow context metadata (for getWorkflowMetadata()). + // Must match the shape that the replay runtime produces (see + // packages/core/src/workflow.ts: runWorkflow → ctx) so user code + // that compares `getWorkflowMetadata()` values between a step + // (server-side) and the workflow (VM-side) sees identical objects. { const metadata = { workflowName: workflowRun.workflowName, @@ -531,7 +542,8 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( : new Date(), url: process.env.VERCEL_URL ? `https://${process.env.VERCEL_URL}` - : `http://localhost:${process.env.PORT ?? 3000}`, + : `http://localhost:${options.port ?? 3000}`, + features: { encryption: !!options.encryptionKey }, }; vm.evalCode( `globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_CONTEXT")] = ${JSON.stringify(metadata)};` + @@ -539,11 +551,20 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( ).dispose(); } - // Start the workflow function + // Start the workflow function. If the workflow isn't registered, + // throw an error tagged with `name = "WorkflowNotRegisteredError"` + // so the host-side entrypoint can reconstruct a real + // WorkflowNotRegisteredError (a WorkflowRuntimeError subclass that + // classifies as RUNTIME_ERROR) rather than a generic user error. + // See snapshot-entrypoint.ts's run_failed branch. try { vm.evalCode(` var __wfn = globalThis.__private_workflows.get(${JSON.stringify(workflowId)}); - if (!__wfn) throw new Error("Workflow not found: " + ${JSON.stringify(workflowId)}); + if (!__wfn) { + var __wfnErr = new Error("Workflow \\"" + ${JSON.stringify(workflowId)} + "\\" is not registered in the current deployment."); + __wfnErr.name = "WorkflowNotRegisteredError"; + throw __wfnErr; + } var __args = globalThis.__wdk_input ? globalThis.__wdk_deserialize(globalThis.__wdk_input) : []; diff --git a/packages/world-postgres/src/drizzle/migrations/0010_add_snapshots_table.sql b/packages/world-postgres/src/drizzle/migrations/0010_add_snapshots_table.sql new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..83c8b55257 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/world-postgres/src/drizzle/migrations/0010_add_snapshots_table.sql @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "workflow"."workflow_snapshots" ( + "run_id" varchar PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, + "data" "bytea" NOT NULL, + "events_cursor" varchar, + "created_at" timestamp DEFAULT now() NOT NULL +); diff --git a/packages/world-postgres/src/drizzle/migrations/meta/_journal.json b/packages/world-postgres/src/drizzle/migrations/meta/_journal.json index f4956666fc..b333bec351 100644 --- a/packages/world-postgres/src/drizzle/migrations/meta/_journal.json +++ b/packages/world-postgres/src/drizzle/migrations/meta/_journal.json @@ -71,6 +71,13 @@ "when": 1770500000000, "tag": "0009_add_is_webhook", "breakpoints": true + }, + { + "idx": 10, + "version": "7", + "when": 1771000000000, + "tag": "0010_add_snapshots_table", + "breakpoints": true } ] } diff --git a/packages/world-postgres/src/drizzle/schema.ts b/packages/world-postgres/src/drizzle/schema.ts index f353ef8ca1..fb57f1ec84 100644 --- a/packages/world-postgres/src/drizzle/schema.ts +++ b/packages/world-postgres/src/drizzle/schema.ts @@ -198,6 +198,23 @@ const bytea = customType<{ data: Buffer; notNull: false; default: false }>({ }, }); +/** + * VM snapshots for the snapshot runtime. + * + * Each row is a 1-to-1 mapping with a workflow run — a snapshot captures + * the QuickJS VM state at a suspension point so execution can resume from + * there without replaying the full event log. + * + * The binary data is stored gzip-compressed in the `data` column. + * Metadata (`eventsCursor`, `createdAt`) lives alongside for cheap loads. + */ +export const snapshots = schema.table('workflow_snapshots', { + runId: varchar('run_id').primaryKey(), + data: bytea('data').notNull(), + eventsCursor: varchar('events_cursor'), + createdAt: timestamp('created_at').defaultNow().notNull(), +}); + export const streams = schema.table( 'workflow_stream_chunks', { diff --git a/packages/world-postgres/src/index.ts b/packages/world-postgres/src/index.ts index 0ba81e383b..8868950ef1 100644 --- a/packages/world-postgres/src/index.ts +++ b/packages/world-postgres/src/index.ts @@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { Pool } from 'pg'; import type { PostgresWorldConfig } from './config.js'; import { createClient, type Drizzle } from './drizzle/index.js'; import { createQueue } from './queue.js'; +import { createSnapshotsStorage } from './snapshots.js'; import { createEventsStorage, createHooksStorage, @@ -12,33 +13,13 @@ import { } from './storage.js'; import { createStreamer } from './streamer.js'; -function createSnapshotsStorage(): Storage['snapshots'] { - return { - async save() { - throw new Error( - 'Snapshot storage is not yet implemented for world-postgres' - ); - }, - async load() { - throw new Error( - 'Snapshot storage is not yet implemented for world-postgres' - ); - }, - async delete() { - throw new Error( - 'Snapshot storage is not yet implemented for world-postgres' - ); - }, - }; -} - function createStorage(drizzle: Drizzle): Storage { return { runs: createRunsStorage(drizzle), events: createEventsStorage(drizzle), hooks: createHooksStorage(drizzle), steps: createStepsStorage(drizzle), - snapshots: createSnapshotsStorage(), + snapshots: createSnapshotsStorage(drizzle), }; } diff --git a/packages/world-postgres/src/snapshots.ts b/packages/world-postgres/src/snapshots.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..191472e44f --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/world-postgres/src/snapshots.ts @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +import { gunzipSync, gzipSync } from 'node:zlib'; +import type { SnapshotMetadata, Storage } from '@workflow/world'; +import { eq } from 'drizzle-orm'; +import { type Drizzle, Schema } from './drizzle/index.js'; + +/** + * Snapshot storage for world-postgres. + * + * Binary snapshot data is stored gzip-compressed in the `data` column of + * the `workflow.workflow_snapshots` table. Each run has at most one row — + * `save()` uses an upsert to replace the previous snapshot when a newer + * suspension point is reached. + */ +export function createSnapshotsStorage(drizzle: Drizzle): Storage['snapshots'] { + const { snapshots } = Schema; + + return { + async save( + runId: string, + data: Uint8Array, + metadata: SnapshotMetadata + ): Promise { + const compressed = gzipSync(data); + + await drizzle + .insert(snapshots) + .values({ + runId, + data: Buffer.from(compressed), + eventsCursor: metadata.eventsCursor, + createdAt: metadata.createdAt, + }) + .onConflictDoUpdate({ + target: snapshots.runId, + set: { + data: Buffer.from(compressed), + eventsCursor: metadata.eventsCursor, + createdAt: metadata.createdAt, + }, + }); + }, + + async load( + runId: string + ): Promise<{ data: Uint8Array; metadata: SnapshotMetadata } | null> { + const [row] = await drizzle + .select() + .from(snapshots) + .where(eq(snapshots.runId, runId)) + .limit(1); + + if (!row) return null; + + // Decompress the snapshot data. + const decompressed = gunzipSync(row.data); + const data = new Uint8Array( + decompressed.buffer, + decompressed.byteOffset, + decompressed.byteLength + ); + + return { + data, + metadata: { + eventsCursor: row.eventsCursor, + createdAt: row.createdAt, + }, + }; + }, + + async delete(runId: string): Promise { + await drizzle.delete(snapshots).where(eq(snapshots.runId, runId)); + }, + }; +} From 07b0ab07719b5465d0375ad6d58e992213e08590 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Sun, 19 Apr 2026 16:40:00 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 088/124] Fix snapshot runtime hook lifecycle bugs MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Two related bugs surfacing as test failures against the full snapshot E2E matrix: 1) hookWorkflow: 'is not resumable via public webhook endpoint' expected 404 but got 202. The snapshot runtime's hook_created event only included isWebhook in eventData when it was truthy — 'isWebhook: !!options.isWebhook' → true, else omit. World implementations default isWebhook to true when absent, so createHook() (non-webhook) hooks were being stored with isWebhook=true, making them resumable via the public /webhook/:token endpoint. Replay runtime's suspension-handler already sends isWebhook explicitly, defaulting to false. Match that contract. 2) cookbook-advanced durable-objects tests hanging with repeated HookNotFoundError in the queue handler. When 'using hook = createHook(...)' falls out of scope after await resolves and the workflow loop continues, the TC39 dispose runs in a finally block and pushes a 'hook_dispose' pending op with the SAME correlationId as the original 'hook' pending op. After the hook_disposed event is persisted and processEvents calls markCreated(correlationId), the .find() lookup found the original 'hook' op (which already had hasCreatedEvent=true) and no-op'd. The 'hook_dispose' op stayed with hasCreatedEvent=false, so snapshot-entrypoint kept trying to recreate the hook_disposed event every queue retry — the hook entity was already deleted so each attempt threw HookNotFoundError, the message kept retrying indefinitely, and the workflow never advanced to the next iteration (so waitForHook in tests timed out). Fix: make markCreated type-aware. For hook_disposed events, disambiguate by passing opType='hook_dispose' so the .find() predicate matches only the dispose entry, not the original hook entry. --- .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 6 +++++- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 21 +++++++++++++++---- 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index b34dfa0534..485edd8cbe 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -309,7 +309,11 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { token: hook.token, // metadata is already devalue-serialized (Uint8Array) from the VM metadata: hook.metadata, - ...(hook.isWebhook ? { isWebhook: true } : {}), + // Always include isWebhook explicitly. Worlds default it to + // `true` when absent, which would break the public webhook + // endpoint's 404 guard for hooks created via createHook(). + // Matches suspension-handler.ts in the replay runtime. + isWebhook: hook.isWebhook, } as any, }); diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 1a4cfa3921..1808252e04 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -887,19 +887,32 @@ async function processEvents( case 'step_started': case 'step_retrying': case 'wait_created': - case 'hook_created': - case 'hook_disposed': { + case 'hook_created': { markCreated(vm, escapedCid); break; } + case 'hook_disposed': { + // Disambiguate from the `hook` pending op with the same + // correlationId — we want to mark the `hook_dispose` entry. + markCreated(vm, escapedCid, 'hook_dispose'); + break; + } } } return resolved; } -function markCreated(vm: QuickJS, escapedCid: string): void { +function markCreated(vm: QuickJS, escapedCid: string, opType?: string): void { + // `hook` and `hook_dispose` pending ops share the same correlationId, + // so when processing `hook_disposed` events we must disambiguate by + // type — otherwise `.find()` returns the original `hook` op and the + // `hook_dispose` op is never marked, causing the entrypoint to keep + // retrying a hook_disposed for an already-deleted entity. + const predicate = opType + ? `function(p){return p.correlationId==="${escapedCid}"&&p.type==="${opType}";}` + : `function(p){return p.correlationId==="${escapedCid}";}`; vm.evalCode( - `var __p=globalThis.__pending.find(function(p){return p.correlationId==="${escapedCid}";});` + + `var __p=globalThis.__pending.find(${predicate});` + `if(__p)__p.hasCreatedEvent=true;` ).dispose(); } From cde1666214ef875bc2e9496c42a8f61d3b93a938 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2026 01:06:42 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 089/124] Cap Vercel E2E blast radius after fibonacciWorkflow incident A duplicate start() step execution in the snapshot runtime on the fastify deployment spawned hundreds of thousands of child workflow runs (all with nearly identical createdAt). The underlying hazards: 1. The host-side start() body generates a fresh, non-seeded runId on every call (start.ts:172), so two executions of the same logical step produce two independent child runs. 2. The child workflow's queue message is not idempotency-keyed, so there is no queue-level dedup either. 3. The snapshot runtime re-seeds its PRNG from the run's seed on every restore (snapshot-runtime.ts:419-420,445), so VM-side step correlation IDs can drift across invocations and the hasCreatedEvent dedup guard can miss. Recursive workflows amplify this exponentially. Until the underlying fixes land, cap the blast radius: - packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts: skipIf(!!WORKFLOW_VERCEL_ENV) the fibonacciWorkflow E2E test. Continues to run on local / postgres worlds where blast radius is contained. - .github/workflows/tests.yml: restrict e2e-vercel-prod to just nextjs-turbopack. Other frameworks preserved as comments for easy re-enablement. e2e-local-dev / e2e-local-prod / e2e-local-postgres / e2e-windows still exercise every framework x both runtimes. --- .github/workflows/tests.yml | 51 +++++++++++++++-------------------- packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts | 20 +++++++++++++- 2 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests.yml b/.github/workflows/tests.yml index 807f4e7639..06dd6e8c34 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/tests.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/tests.yml @@ -214,40 +214,31 @@ jobs: fail-fast: false matrix: runtime: [snapshot, replay] + # TEMPORARILY restricted to a single framework (nextjs-turbopack) + # while we investigate a recursion hazard in the snapshot runtime + # that caused an incident on the `fastify` project — `fibonacciWorkflow` + # spawned hundreds of thousands of child runs on Vercel. Until the + # underlying fix lands (deterministic child runIds + idempotency + # keyed child queue messages + preserved seeded PRNG state across + # snapshot restore), we restrict Vercel-backed E2E to one framework + # to cap blast radius. The local/postgres matrices still run every + # framework. + # + # Other frameworks (preserved for easy re-enablement): + # - example prj_xWq20Dd860HHAfzMjK2Mb6TPVxMa example-workflow + # - nextjs-webpack prj_avRPBF3eWjh6iDNQgmhH4VOg27h0 example-nextjs-workflow-webpack + # - nitro prj_e7DZirYdLrQKXNrlxg7KmA6ABx8r workbench-nitro-workflow + # - vite prj_uLIcNZNDmETulAvj5h0IcDHi5432 workbench-vite-workflow + # - nuxt prj_oTgiz3SGX2fpZuM6E0P38Ts8de6d workbench-nuxt-workflow + # - sveltekit prj_MqnBLm71ceXGSnm3Fs8i8gBnI23G workbench-sveltekit-workflow + # - hono prj_p0GIEsfl53L7IwVbosPvi9rPSOYW workbench-hono-workflow + # - express prj_cCZjpBy92VRbKHHbarDMhOHtkuIr workbench-express-workflow + # - fastify prj_5Yap0VDQ633v998iqQ3L3aQ25Cck workbench-fastify-workflow + # - astro prj_YDAXj3K8LM0hgejuIMhioz2yLgTI workbench-astro-workflow app: - - name: "example" - project-id: "prj_xWq20Dd860HHAfzMjK2Mb6TPVxMa" - project-slug: "example-workflow" - name: "nextjs-turbopack" project-id: "prj_yjkM7UdHliv8bfxZ1sMJQf1pMpdi" project-slug: "example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack" - - name: "nextjs-webpack" - project-id: "prj_avRPBF3eWjh6iDNQgmhH4VOg27h0" - project-slug: "example-nextjs-workflow-webpack" - - name: "nitro" - project-id: "prj_e7DZirYdLrQKXNrlxg7KmA6ABx8r" - project-slug: "workbench-nitro-workflow" - - name: "vite" - project-id: "prj_uLIcNZNDmETulAvj5h0IcDHi5432" - project-slug: "workbench-vite-workflow" - - name: "nuxt" - project-id: "prj_oTgiz3SGX2fpZuM6E0P38Ts8de6d" - project-slug: "workbench-nuxt-workflow" - - name: "sveltekit" - project-id: "prj_MqnBLm71ceXGSnm3Fs8i8gBnI23G" - project-slug: "workbench-sveltekit-workflow" - - name: "hono" - project-id: "prj_p0GIEsfl53L7IwVbosPvi9rPSOYW" - project-slug: "workbench-hono-workflow" - - name: "express" - project-id: "prj_cCZjpBy92VRbKHHbarDMhOHtkuIr" - project-slug: "workbench-express-workflow" - - name: "fastify" - project-id: "prj_5Yap0VDQ633v998iqQ3L3aQ25Cck" - project-slug: "workbench-fastify-workflow" - - name: "astro" - project-id: "prj_YDAXj3K8LM0hgejuIMhioz2yLgTI" - project-slug: "workbench-astro-workflow" env: TURBO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TURBO_TOKEN }} TURBO_TEAM: ${{ vars.TURBO_TEAM }} diff --git a/packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts b/packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts index c31109bbbc..22ba72457a 100644 --- a/packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts +++ b/packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts @@ -1575,7 +1575,25 @@ describe('e2e', () => { } ); - test( + // DISABLED on Vercel until the recursion-hazard fixes in start()/snapshot + // runtime land. This test previously caused an incident where a duplicate + // `start()` step execution inside the snapshot runtime spawned a runaway + // tree of child workflow runs (hundreds of thousands, nearly identical + // createdAt) because: + // 1. The host-side `start()` body generates a fresh, non-seeded + // runId on every call (packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts:172), so + // two executions of the same logical step produce TWO child runs. + // 2. The child's workflow-invoke queue message is not + // idempotency-keyed, so there is no queue-level dedup either. + // 3. In the snapshot runtime, the per-run seeded PRNG state is reset + // to the beginning of the seed sequence on every restore + // (packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts:419-420,445), + // so VM-side step correlation IDs can drift across invocations and + // the `hasCreatedEvent` dedup guard can miss. + // Recursive workflows amplify this exponentially, so the blast radius + // on Vercel is unacceptable until the fixes land. Continues to run on + // local worlds (postgres / local) where the blast is contained. + test.skipIf(!!process.env.WORKFLOW_VERCEL_ENV)( 'fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start()', { timeout: 180_000 }, async () => { From 41ea742f9cafecec8cef3c812724a001230d525c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2026 01:42:21 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 090/124] Guard fibonacciWorkflow against non-finite n Defensive check that fails the run immediately if n is NaN / undefined, preventing the exponential fan-out observed in the incident. --- workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts | 3 +++ 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+) diff --git a/workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts b/workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts index cfbfd65b3d..ca97836c90 100644 --- a/workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts +++ b/workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts @@ -1706,6 +1706,9 @@ export async function startFromWorkflow(inputValue: number) { */ export async function fibonacciWorkflow(n: number): Promise { 'use workflow'; + if (!Number.isFinite(n)) { + throw new FatalError(`fibonacciWorkflow requires a finite number for n`); + } if (n <= 1) return n; const [runA, runB] = await Promise.all([ From 54ff11c7949b309b5c03d3da35d51c96d726ee54 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2026 01:42:35 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 091/124] Plumb resilient-start path into snapshot runtime MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit The replay runtime's outer queue handler calls events.create('run_started', { eventData: { input, ... } }) which lets the world backfill run_created when it hasn't been persisted yet, and returns the resulting events inline as preloadedEvents. The snapshot runtime previously ignored both and re-fetched events via its own events.list — vulnerable to the eventually-consistent window where run_created hasn't propagated yet. When that race hit, runInput was undefined, __wdk_input was never set, and the VM called the workflow function with [] — turning typed args into undefined. For recursive workflows like fibonacciWorkflow this produced exponential fan-out. - runtime.ts forwards preloadedEvents and runInput to runWorkflowWithSnapshots. - snapshot-entrypoint.ts uses preloadedEvents as the event log on first invocation when available, and forwards runInput to runSnapshotWorkflow. - snapshot-runtime.ts falls back to options.runInput.input when the event log lacks run_created, and throws a clear error when neither source has input but other events are present (indicating a real race, not a test fixture with empty events). --- packages/core/src/runtime.ts | 2 + .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 29 ++++++++++++-- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 39 ++++++++++++++++--- 3 files changed, 62 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime.ts index 0046f37ecf..d7e414defb 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime.ts @@ -434,6 +434,8 @@ export function workflowEntrypoint( workflowCode, workflowName, workflowRun, + preloadedEvents, + runInput, }); runtimeLogger.debug('Snapshot runtime returned', { workflowRunId: runId, diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index 485edd8cbe..e1508bdfb1 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import { getPort } from '@workflow/utils/get-port'; import { parseWorkflowName } from '@workflow/utils/parse-name'; import { type Event, + type RunInput, SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, type WorkflowRun, } from '@workflow/world'; @@ -45,8 +46,24 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { workflowCode: string; workflowName: string; workflowRun: WorkflowRun; + /** + * Events returned inline by `events.create('run_started', ...)`. When + * present, they are used as the initial event log instead of fetching + * via `events.list`, matching the replay runtime's fast path. Crucially, + * if the world backfilled a missing `run_created` via the resilient + * start path, `preloadedEvents` contains it even when a fresh + * `events.list` might not (eventual consistency). + */ + preloadedEvents?: Event[]; + /** + * Run input carried through the queue message on first delivery. Used + * as a last-resort fallback for `run_created.eventData.input` when + * the event log is incomplete. + */ + runInput?: RunInput; }): Promise<{ timeoutSeconds?: number } | void> { - const { workflowCode, workflowName, workflowRun } = params; + const { workflowCode, workflowName, workflowRun, preloadedEvents, runInput } = + params; const world = await getWorld(); const runId = workflowRun.runId; @@ -57,12 +74,17 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { // Check for existing snapshot const existingSnapshot = await world.snapshots.load(runId); - // Fetch events — either all (first run) or since last snapshot (restore) + // On first invocation (no snapshot), prefer preloadedEvents from the + // run_started response — they're guaranteed to include run_created + // even if the world's event log is eventually consistent. On restore, + // we always fetch delta events via the cursor. let events: Event[]; let lastEventsCursor: string | null = existingSnapshot?.metadata.eventsCursor ?? null; - { + if (!existingSnapshot && preloadedEvents && preloadedEvents.length > 0) { + events = preloadedEvents; + } else { const allEvents: Event[] = []; let cursor: string | null = lastEventsCursor; let hasMore = true; @@ -158,6 +180,7 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { existingSnapshot, encryptionKey, port, + runInput, }); runtimeLogger.debug('Snapshot runtime: VM returned', { diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 1808252e04..44755ed155 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -13,7 +13,12 @@ * resolve/reject promises. */ -import type { Event, SnapshotMetadata, WorkflowRun } from '@workflow/world'; +import type { + Event, + RunInput, + SnapshotMetadata, + WorkflowRun, +} from '@workflow/world'; import * as nanoid from 'nanoid'; import { JSException, QuickJS } from 'quickjs-wasi'; import seedrandom from 'seedrandom'; @@ -104,6 +109,12 @@ export interface SnapshotRuntimeOptions { * takes precedence there. */ port?: number; + /** + * Fallback workflow input from the queue message's resilient-start + * payload. Used when the fetched event log lacks a `run_created` event + * (eventually-consistent read after the parent's start() wrote it). + */ + runInput?: RunInput; } // ---- VM Bootstrap Code ---- @@ -505,15 +516,20 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( return extractError(vm, err, 'Workflow evaluation failed'); } - // Extract workflow arguments from the run_created event + // Extract workflow arguments. Prefer the run_created event; fall back + // to the queue message's runInput if the event log is incomplete + // (eventually-consistent read after start()). Failing to find input + // for a first invocation is fatal — running the workflow function + // with no args would silently turn typed arguments into `undefined` + // and, for recursive workflows, produce exponential fan-out. const runCreatedEvent = events.find((e) => e.eventType === 'run_created'); - const runInput = + const runCreatedInput = runCreatedEvent && 'eventData' in runCreatedEvent ? (runCreatedEvent.eventData as Record)?.input : undefined; + const runInput: unknown = + runCreatedInput ?? (options.runInput?.input as unknown); - // Pass the serialized input into the VM for deserialization. - // Decrypt first if encrypted — the VM only understands 'devl' format. if (runInput instanceof Uint8Array) { const decryptedInput = (await decryptData( runInput, @@ -522,10 +538,23 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( runtimeLogger.debug('Snapshot runtime: run input format', { prefix: new TextDecoder().decode(decryptedInput.subarray(0, 4)), byteLength: decryptedInput.byteLength, + source: runCreatedInput ? 'run_created' : 'queueMessage.runInput', }); const inputHandle = vm.newUint8Array(decryptedInput); vm.setProp(vm.global, '__wdk_input', inputHandle); inputHandle.dispose(); + } else if (runInput === undefined && events.length > 0) { + // The event log is non-empty (we got run_started or similar) but + // no run_created event was found and no queue-provided runInput is + // available. This is the race condition observed during the fib + // incident — silently dropping arguments would turn `n` into + // `undefined` and, for recursive workflows, cause exponential + // fan-out. Fail loud so the run goes to `run_failed` and the queue + // can retry. Empty `events` is allowed because tests that bootstrap + // a workflow with no arguments rely on the old permissive behavior. + throw new Error( + `Cannot start workflow run "${workflowRun.runId}": no run_created event found and no runInput in the queue payload, but other events are present (likely a read-after-write race during start()).` + ); } // Set workflow context metadata (for getWorkflowMetadata()). From 84f2b41d2c30d67b4ad7e1667deb5a904a000f9c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2026 09:23:22 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 092/124] fix(core): encrypt VM-produced event payloads in snapshot runtime MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit The snapshot-runtime host-side entrypoint was forwarding the VM's devalue-serialized bytes directly into three event writes without applying the host-side encryption wrap that the replay runtime performs via dehydrateStepArguments / dehydrateWorkflowReturnValue. This resulted in plaintext ("devl" prefix) payloads being persisted on runs whose executionContext advertised features.encryption=true: - step_created.eventData.input - run_completed.eventData.output - hook_created.eventData.metadata Wrap each with encrypt() from serialization/encryption.ts, which prepends the 'encr' format prefix and AES-GCM-encrypts using the per-run key already resolved at snapshot-entrypoint.ts:137. encrypt() is a no-op when the key is undefined, so unencrypted runs are unaffected. The step handler's hydrateStepArguments already accepts both 'encr' and plaintext 'devl' payloads via decrypt(), so in-flight legacy-plaintext rows remain readable after the fix ships. The VM-side serializer (workflow-vm.ts) intentionally has no access to the CryptoKey and is unchanged; the VM serializes {args, closureVars, thisVal} as a single unit, and the host encrypts the resulting bytes once — matching the replay runtime's behavior. --- .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 38 +++++++++++++++---- 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index e1508bdfb1..bd4c550026 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import { import { classifyRunError } from '../classify-error.js'; import { importKey } from '../encryption.js'; import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; +import { encrypt as encryptSerializedData } from '../serialization/encryption.js'; import { remapErrorStack } from '../source-map.js'; import { queueMessage } from './helpers.js'; import { @@ -200,14 +201,21 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { // Delete the snapshot await world.snapshots.delete(runId); - // Create run_completed event + // Create run_completed event. + // The VM serializes the workflow result as format-prefixed devalue bytes + // ("devl" + devalue) with no encryption (the VM has no access to the + // CryptoKey). Host-side encryption is applied here so that `run_completed` + // events have the same `encr`-prefixed payload shape that the replay + // runtime's `dehydrateWorkflowReturnValue` produces. try { await world.events.create(runId, { eventType: 'run_completed', specVersion: SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, eventData: { - // result.result is already format-prefixed devalue bytes - output: result.completed.result, + output: await encryptSerializedData( + result.completed.result, + encryptionKey + ), }, }); } catch (err) { @@ -263,7 +271,13 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { if (op.type === 'step' && !op.hasCreatedEvent) { const step = op as PendingStep; - // Create step_created event + // Create step_created event. + // `step.input` is the format-prefixed devalue bytes ("devl" + devalue) + // produced by `__wdk_serialize({args, closureVars, thisVal})` inside + // the VM. The VM has no access to the CryptoKey, so encryption is + // applied here on the host side — matching what + // `dehydrateStepArguments` does in the replay runtime (see + // `suspension-handler.ts`). try { await world.events.create(runId, { eventType: 'step_created', @@ -271,8 +285,7 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { correlationId: step.correlationId, eventData: { stepName: step.stepId, - // step.input is already format-prefixed devalue bytes - input: step.input, + input: await encryptSerializedData(step.input, encryptionKey), }, }); } catch (err) { @@ -324,14 +337,23 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { } try { + // `hook.metadata` is the format-prefixed devalue bytes produced + // by `__wdk_serialize(options.metadata)` inside the VM (see + // snapshot-runtime.ts `WORKFLOW_CREATE_HOOK`). Encrypt on the + // host side before writing — matches `suspension-handler.ts` in + // the replay runtime, which runs the metadata through + // `dehydrateStepArguments` (devalue + encrypt). + const encryptedMetadata = + typeof hook.metadata === 'undefined' + ? undefined + : await encryptSerializedData(hook.metadata, encryptionKey); const result = await world.events.create(runId, { eventType: 'hook_created', specVersion: SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, correlationId: hook.correlationId, eventData: { token: hook.token, - // metadata is already devalue-serialized (Uint8Array) from the VM - metadata: hook.metadata, + metadata: encryptedMetadata, // Always include isWebhook explicitly. Worlds default it to // `true` when absent, which would break the public webhook // endpoint's 404 guard for hooks created via createHook(). From 0ef15c4e7d0662f663fd504be018f192ba644374 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 22 Apr 2026 13:27:18 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 093/124] Encrypt VM snapshot payloads in snapshot runtime MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Wrap world.snapshots.save() / world.snapshots.load() with the same AES-256-GCM encrypt/decrypt helpers used for step inputs, workflow return values, and hook metadata. When features.encryption = true, the on-disk VM snapshot carries the 'encr' format prefix; plaintext snapshots written before this change continue to load for backwards compatibility (the decrypt helper is a no-op on non-prefixed bytes). Fails loud on the existing error contract: loading an encrypted snapshot without a key throws WorkflowRuntimeError. Unchanged on the world side — worlds continue to store opaque bytes. --- .changeset/snapshot-encryption.md | 5 + .../src/runtime/snapshot-encryption.test.ts | 101 ++++++++++++++++++ .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 48 ++++++--- 3 files changed, 141 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) create mode 100644 .changeset/snapshot-encryption.md create mode 100644 packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-encryption.test.ts diff --git a/.changeset/snapshot-encryption.md b/.changeset/snapshot-encryption.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..66678e60a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/.changeset/snapshot-encryption.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +--- +"@workflow/core": patch +--- + +Encrypt VM snapshot payloads at rest when `features.encryption = true`. Legacy plaintext snapshots continue to load for backwards compatibility. diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-encryption.test.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-encryption.test.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4a2f19b0c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-encryption.test.ts @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +/** + * Verifies the contract the snapshot runtime relies on when wrapping + * `world.snapshots.save()` and `world.snapshots.load()` with encryption. + */ + +import { WorkflowRuntimeError } from '@workflow/errors'; +import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'; +import { importKey } from '../encryption.js'; +import { + decrypt as decryptSerializedData, + encrypt as encryptSerializedData, +} from '../serialization/encryption.js'; +import { peekFormatPrefix } from '../serialization/format.js'; +import { SerializationFormat } from '../serialization/types.js'; + +async function makeKey() { + const raw = new Uint8Array(32); + for (let i = 0; i < raw.length; i++) raw[i] = (i * 7 + 3) & 0xff; + return importKey(raw); +} + +function bytesOf(str: string): Uint8Array { + return new TextEncoder().encode(str); +} + +describe('snapshot encryption', () => { + it('round-trips with a key', async () => { + const key = await makeKey(); + const plaintext = bytesOf('pretend this is a QuickJS VM snapshot'); + const encrypted = (await encryptSerializedData( + plaintext, + key + )) as Uint8Array; + expect(peekFormatPrefix(encrypted)).toBe(SerializationFormat.ENCRYPTED); + const decrypted = (await decryptSerializedData( + encrypted, + key + )) as Uint8Array; + expect(decrypted.length).toBe(plaintext.length); + for (let i = 0; i < plaintext.length; i++) { + expect(decrypted[i]).toBe(plaintext[i]); + } + }); + + it('passes bytes through unchanged when no key is provided (save)', async () => { + const plaintext = bytesOf('unencrypted snapshot'); + const result = await encryptSerializedData(plaintext, undefined); + // Same reference — no wrapping happened. + expect(result).toBe(plaintext); + }); + + it('does not mark unencrypted bytes with the "encr" prefix', async () => { + // Contract: peekFormatPrefix() returns "encr" only for encrypted data. + // Binary QuickJS snapshots start with arbitrary bytes that may + // coincidentally match [a-z0-9]{4}, but never "encr" unless we actually + // encrypted. + const plaintext = bytesOf('plaintext'); + const result = (await encryptSerializedData( + plaintext, + undefined + )) as Uint8Array; + expect(peekFormatPrefix(result)).not.toBe(SerializationFormat.ENCRYPTED); + }); + + it('passes plaintext bytes through unchanged on load (legacy compat)', async () => { + const plaintext = bytesOf('pre-encryption snapshot from an older run'); + const result = await decryptSerializedData(plaintext, undefined); + expect(result).toBe(plaintext); + + const key = await makeKey(); + const resultWithKey = await decryptSerializedData(plaintext, key); + expect(resultWithKey).toBe(plaintext); + }); + + it('fails loud when loading encrypted data without a key', async () => { + const key = await makeKey(); + const encrypted = (await encryptSerializedData( + bytesOf('encrypted'), + key + )) as Uint8Array; + + await expect( + decryptSerializedData(encrypted, undefined) + ).rejects.toBeInstanceOf(WorkflowRuntimeError); + await expect(decryptSerializedData(encrypted, undefined)).rejects.toThrow( + /no encryption key is available/ + ); + }); + + it('decrypt with the wrong key fails', async () => { + const keyA = await makeKey(); + const rawB = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0x99); + const keyB = await importKey(rawB); + const encrypted = (await encryptSerializedData( + bytesOf('confidential'), + keyA + )) as Uint8Array; + + await expect(decryptSerializedData(encrypted, keyB)).rejects.toThrow(); + }); +}); diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index bd4c550026..bddf73be18 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -21,7 +21,10 @@ import { import { classifyRunError } from '../classify-error.js'; import { importKey } from '../encryption.js'; import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; -import { encrypt as encryptSerializedData } from '../serialization/encryption.js'; +import { + decrypt as decryptSerializedData, + encrypt as encryptSerializedData, +} from '../serialization/encryption.js'; import { remapErrorStack } from '../source-map.js'; import { queueMessage } from './helpers.js'; import { @@ -72,8 +75,24 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { // (e.g. "workflow//./workflows/1_simple//simple") const workflowId = workflowName; - // Check for existing snapshot - const existingSnapshot = await world.snapshots.load(runId); + // Resolve the encryption key up front. Needed before loading the + // snapshot (to decrypt it) and before saving (to encrypt it). + const rawKey = await world.getEncryptionKeyForRun?.(workflowRun); + const encryptionKey = rawKey ? await importKey(rawKey) : undefined; + + // Check for existing snapshot, decrypting if it was written with + // encryption. Plaintext snapshots (written before this change, or on + // runs without encryption configured) pass through unchanged. + const loadedSnapshot = await world.snapshots.load(runId); + const existingSnapshot = loadedSnapshot + ? { + data: (await decryptSerializedData( + loadedSnapshot.data, + encryptionKey + )) as Uint8Array, + metadata: loadedSnapshot.metadata, + } + : null; // On first invocation (no snapshot), prefer preloadedEvents from the // run_started response — they're guaranteed to include run_created @@ -155,10 +174,6 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { } } - // Resolve the encryption key for this run's deployment - const rawKey = await world.getEncryptionKeyForRun?.(workflowRun); - const encryptionKey = rawKey ? await importKey(rawKey) : undefined; - // Resolve the workflow server port so `getWorkflowMetadata().url` inside // the VM matches what the step-side handler reports. Skipped on Vercel — // the VM reads VERCEL_URL directly in that environment. @@ -250,16 +265,23 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { })), }); - // Save the snapshot + // Save the snapshot, encrypting if a key is available. When + // encryption is disabled, encrypt() passes the bytes through + // unchanged. + const snapshotToStore = (await encryptSerializedData( + snapshot, + encryptionKey + )) as Uint8Array; runtimeLogger.debug('Snapshot runtime: saving snapshot', { workflowRunId: runId, - snapshotType: typeof snapshot, - snapshotIsUint8Array: snapshot instanceof Uint8Array, - snapshotLength: snapshot?.length, - snapshotByteLength: snapshot?.byteLength, + snapshotType: typeof snapshotToStore, + snapshotIsUint8Array: snapshotToStore instanceof Uint8Array, + snapshotLength: snapshotToStore?.length, + snapshotByteLength: snapshotToStore?.byteLength, + encrypted: !!encryptionKey, eventsCursor: lastEventsCursor, }); - await world.snapshots.save(runId, snapshot, { + await world.snapshots.save(runId, snapshotToStore, { eventsCursor: lastEventsCursor, createdAt: new Date(), }); From bfcc5ec78527dade1c5a179d4f02ab6f0addeaef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Tue, 28 Apr 2026 16:02:46 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 094/124] Match replay runtime's sleep() duration parser in snapshot VM The VM-side sleep() previously matched only a single-letter suffix (s|m|h|d) via a hand-rolled regex. The replay runtime uses the 'ms' package which also accepts 'ms', 'w', 'y', and verbose aliases like 'seconds', 'minutes', etc. A workflow calling sleep('5ms') landed in the regex's else branch, fed '5ms' to new Date(...), and threw RangeError: Date value is NaN inside the VM bootstrap, hanging the test until vitest timed out. Inline a lightweight ms-style parser into the VM bootstrap so it matches the replay runtime's parsing semantics. Also throw on an invalid Date argument up front rather than letting toISOString() explode later. --- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 43 ++++++++++++++++--- 1 file changed, 37 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 44755ed155..61e8cece67 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -205,22 +205,53 @@ globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")] = function(stepId, closureVarsFn) { return fn; }; +// Parses an "ms" library style duration string into milliseconds. +// Supports the same units as the replay runtime (which uses the "ms" +// package): ms / s / m / h / d / w / y, with verbose aliases +// (seconds, minutes, ...). +globalThis.__parseDurationMs = function(str) { + str = String(str); + if (str.length > 100) return undefined; + var match = str.match( + /^(-?(?:\\d+)?\\.?\\d+) *(milliseconds?|msecs?|ms|seconds?|secs?|s|minutes?|mins?|m|hours?|hrs?|h|days?|d|weeks?|w|years?|yrs?|y)?$/i + ); + if (!match) return undefined; + var n = parseFloat(match[1]); + var type = (match[2] || "ms").toLowerCase(); + var s = 1000, m = 60 * s, h = 60 * m, d = 24 * h, w = 7 * d, y = 365.25 * d; + switch (type) { + case "years": case "year": case "yrs": case "yr": case "y": return n * y; + case "weeks": case "week": case "w": return n * w; + case "days": case "day": case "d": return n * d; + case "hours": case "hour": case "hrs": case "hr": case "h": return n * h; + case "minutes": case "minute": case "mins": case "min": case "m": return n * m; + case "seconds": case "second": case "secs": case "sec": case "s": return n * s; + case "milliseconds": case "millisecond": case "msecs": case "msec": case "ms": return n; + default: return undefined; + } +}; + globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_SLEEP")] = function(param) { var correlationId = "wait_" + globalThis.__generateUlid(); var resumeAt; if (typeof param === "number") { resumeAt = new Date(Date.now() + param).toISOString(); } else if (typeof param === "string") { - var match = param.match(/^(\\d+)([smhd])$/); - if (match) { - var value = parseInt(match[1]); - var unit = match[2]; - var ms = value * (unit === "s" ? 1000 : unit === "m" ? 60000 : unit === "h" ? 3600000 : 86400000); + var ms = globalThis.__parseDurationMs(param); + if (typeof ms === "number" && isFinite(ms)) { resumeAt = new Date(Date.now() + ms).toISOString(); } else { - resumeAt = new Date(param).toISOString(); + // Not a duration string — try as an absolute date string. + var date = new Date(param); + if (isNaN(date.getTime())) { + throw new Error("Invalid sleep parameter: " + param); + } + resumeAt = date.toISOString(); } } else if (param instanceof Date) { + if (isNaN(param.getTime())) { + throw new Error("Invalid sleep parameter: " + param); + } resumeAt = param.toISOString(); } else { throw new Error("Invalid sleep parameter: " + param); From b03d4756eae1713c0a2b9019100b33ea6a7c4676 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Tue, 28 Apr 2026 16:03:57 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 095/124] Fix Windows E2E job: read $env:MATRIX_RUNTIME into PS variable MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit `$using:MATRIX_RUNTIME` inside Start-Job's ScriptBlock fails with "the value of the using variable cannot be retrieved because it has not been set in the local session" — `$using:` only forwards PowerShell session variables, not environment variables. Copy $env:MATRIX_RUNTIME into a local PS variable first. --- .github/workflows/tests.yml | 5 ++++- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests.yml b/.github/workflows/tests.yml index eda3741288..02208ce08f 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/tests.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/tests.yml @@ -643,7 +643,10 @@ jobs: run: | cd workbench/nextjs-turbopack $logFile = "$env:GITHUB_WORKSPACE/nextjs-server.log" - $job = Start-Job -ScriptBlock { Set-Location $using:PWD; $env:WORKFLOW_RUNTIME = $using:MATRIX_RUNTIME; pnpm dev *>&1 | Tee-Object -FilePath $using:logFile } + # `$using:` only resolves PowerShell variables, not env vars, so + # copy MATRIX_RUNTIME into a session variable before Start-Job. + $matrixRuntime = $env:MATRIX_RUNTIME + $job = Start-Job -ScriptBlock { Set-Location $using:PWD; $env:WORKFLOW_RUNTIME = $using:matrixRuntime; pnpm dev *>&1 | Tee-Object -FilePath $using:logFile } Start-Sleep -Seconds 15 cd ../.. pnpm vitest run packages/core/e2e/dev.test.ts From e476442280cc665161debd741bc47e6bb76f05e7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Tue, 28 Apr 2026 16:04:26 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 096/124] Fix PR-comment job ARG_MAX overflow on doubled matrix The 'Update existing test comment with stale warning' step inlined the previous comment body via ${{ steps.get-comment.outputs.previous-results }} into the action's `message:` input. After the matrix doubled (snapshot + replay) the resulting argv exceeded ARG_MAX, killing the action with 'Argument list too long'. Write the rendered stale-banner message to $RUNNER_TEMP/stale-comment.md in the github-script step and pass the path to sticky-pull-request-comment via its `path:` input instead of `message:`. --- .github/workflows/tests.yml | 39 ++++++++++++++++++++++--------------- 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests.yml b/.github/workflows/tests.yml index 02208ce08f..38be623a20 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/tests.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/tests.yml @@ -38,8 +38,11 @@ jobs: if: steps.find-comment.outputs.comment-id != '' id: get-comment uses: actions/github-script@v7 + env: + STARTED_AT: ${{ github.event.pull_request.updated_at }} with: script: | + const fs = require('fs'); const comment = await github.rest.issues.getComment({ owner: context.repo.owner, repo: context.repo.repo, @@ -49,15 +52,32 @@ jobs: // Check if there are actual results (tables) if (body.includes('|') && body.includes('Passed')) { // Extract results section (everything after header) - let resultsSection = body + const resultsSection = body .replace(/\n## 🧪 E2E Test Results\n\n> ⚠️ \*\*Results below are stale\*\*[^\n]*\n\n/g, '') .replace(/\n## 🧪 E2E Test Results\n\n/g, '') .replace(/⏳ \*\*Tests are running\.\.\.\*\*\n\n---\n_Started at:[^_]*_\n\n---\n\n/g, '') .replace(/⏳ \*\*Tests are running\.\.\.\*\*\n\n---\n_Started at:[^_]*_/g, '') .trim(); if (resultsSection && resultsSection.includes('|')) { + // Write the full stale-banner message to disk and pass the + // path to the sticky-pull-request-comment action below. + // Inlining the previous results via `message:` blew past + // ARG_MAX once the matrix doubled (snapshot + replay). + const startedAt = process.env.STARTED_AT; + const message = + '\n' + + '## 🧪 E2E Test Results\n\n' + + '> ⚠️ **Results below are stale** and not from the latest commit. This comment will be updated when CI completes on the latest run.\n\n' + + '⏳ **Tests are running...**\n\n' + + '---\n' + + `_Started at: ${startedAt}_\n\n` + + '---\n\n' + + resultsSection + + '\n'; + const path = `${process.env.RUNNER_TEMP}/stale-comment.md`; + fs.writeFileSync(path, message); core.setOutput('has-results', 'true'); - core.setOutput('previous-results', resultsSection); + core.setOutput('stale-comment-path', path); } else { core.setOutput('has-results', 'false'); } @@ -86,20 +106,7 @@ jobs: uses: marocchino/sticky-pull-request-comment@v2 with: header: e2e-test-results - message: | - - ## 🧪 E2E Test Results - - > ⚠️ **Results below are stale** and not from the latest commit. This comment will be updated when CI completes on the latest run. - - ⏳ **Tests are running...** - - --- - _Started at: ${{ github.event.pull_request.updated_at }}_ - - --- - - ${{ steps.get-comment.outputs.previous-results }} + path: ${{ steps.get-comment.outputs.stale-comment-path }} - name: Update existing test comment without results if: steps.find-comment.outputs.comment-id != '' && steps.get-comment.outputs.has-results != 'true' From 1f1d05938d21c52132f1c214eecfd8eb297e1dc9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Tue, 28 Apr 2026 16:57:22 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 097/124] Run Vitest Plugin Tests across [snapshot, replay] runtime matrix MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Mirrors the e2e jobs — every workflow primitive should be exercised under both runtimes. --- .github/workflows/tests.yml | 8 +++++++- 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests.yml b/.github/workflows/tests.yml index 38be623a20..fd787f0795 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/tests.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/tests.yml @@ -190,8 +190,12 @@ jobs: APP_NAME: "nextjs-turbopack" vitest-plugin: - name: Vitest Plugin Tests + name: Vitest Plugin Tests (${{ matrix.runtime }}) runs-on: ubuntu-latest + strategy: + fail-fast: false + matrix: + runtime: [snapshot, replay] env: TURBO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TURBO_TOKEN }} TURBO_TEAM: ${{ vars.TURBO_TEAM }} @@ -212,6 +216,8 @@ jobs: - name: Run Vitest Plugin Tests run: pnpm test working-directory: workbench/vitest + env: + WORKFLOW_RUNTIME: ${{ matrix.runtime }} e2e-vercel-prod: name: E2E Vercel Prod Tests (${{ matrix.app.name }} - ${{ matrix.runtime }}) From cd1f15dab71b36ba2042e238eb12894346b0539a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Tue, 28 Apr 2026 17:45:44 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 098/124] Instrument snapshot runtime lifecycle with OTel attributes and spans MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Adds snapshot.* semantic conventions and threads the parent `WORKFLOW {workflowName}` span into the snapshot entrypoint and VM runner so operators can see snapshot-restore latency, snapshot size, encrypt/decrypt overhead, and event-fetch behavior in their traces. Attributes attached to the parent span: - snapshot.runtime ('snapshot' | 'replay') - snapshot.invocation_kind ('first' | 'restore') - snapshot.outcome ('completed' | 'suspended' | 'failed') - snapshot.events.preloaded, .fetched_count, .fetched_pages - snapshot.pending_ops_count, .events_cursor - snapshot.{load,save,delete,decrypt,encrypt,deserialize,serialize}.duration_ms - snapshot.{load,save}.bytes, snapshot.save.plaintext_bytes Two child spans: - snapshot.load — wraps world.snapshots.load + decrypt (deserialize duration is recorded as an attribute since it occurs inside the VM runner where the load span is no longer in scope). - snapshot.save — wraps QuickJS.serializeSnapshot + encrypt + world.snapshots.save. No metrics histograms — the codebase has no metric pipeline yet, so this matches the existing attributes-on-spans convention used by the replay runtime. --- packages/core/src/runtime.ts | 1 + .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 200 +++++++++++++++--- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 30 ++- .../src/telemetry/semantic-conventions.ts | 95 +++++++++ 4 files changed, 290 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime.ts index d7e414defb..06200bbc2c 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime.ts @@ -436,6 +436,7 @@ export function workflowEntrypoint( workflowRun, preloadedEvents, runInput, + parentSpan: span, }); runtimeLogger.debug('Snapshot runtime returned', { workflowRunId: runId, diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index bddf73be18..13bfce5154 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ * snapshot-based runtime instead of the event-replay runtime. */ +import type { Span } from '@opentelemetry/api'; import { EntityConflictError, RunExpiredError, @@ -26,6 +27,8 @@ import { encrypt as encryptSerializedData, } from '../serialization/encryption.js'; import { remapErrorStack } from '../source-map.js'; +import * as Attribute from '../telemetry/semantic-conventions.js'; +import { trace } from '../telemetry.js'; import { queueMessage } from './helpers.js'; import { type PendingHook, @@ -35,6 +38,11 @@ import { } from './snapshot-runtime.js'; import { getWorld } from './world.js'; +/** Tiny ms timer using performance.now() — already monotonic on Node. */ +function tick(): number { + return performance.now(); +} + /** * Run a workflow using the snapshot runtime. * @@ -65,12 +73,28 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { * the event log is incomplete. */ runInput?: RunInput; + /** + * The parent OTel span (the outer `WORKFLOW {workflowName}` span from + * `runtime.ts`). When supplied, snapshot lifecycle attributes are + * attached to it for end-to-end visibility. + */ + parentSpan?: Span; }): Promise<{ timeoutSeconds?: number } | void> { - const { workflowCode, workflowName, workflowRun, preloadedEvents, runInput } = - params; + const { + workflowCode, + workflowName, + workflowRun, + preloadedEvents, + runInput, + parentSpan, + } = params; const world = await getWorld(); const runId = workflowRun.runId; + parentSpan?.setAttributes({ + ...Attribute.SnapshotRuntime('snapshot'), + }); + // The workflowName from the queue topic is already the full workflow ID // (e.g. "workflow//./workflows/1_simple//simple") const workflowId = workflowName; @@ -80,19 +104,56 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { const rawKey = await world.getEncryptionKeyForRun?.(workflowRun); const encryptionKey = rawKey ? await importKey(rawKey) : undefined; - // Check for existing snapshot, decrypting if it was written with - // encryption. Plaintext snapshots (written before this change, or on - // runs without encryption configured) pass through unchanged. - const loadedSnapshot = await world.snapshots.load(runId); - const existingSnapshot = loadedSnapshot - ? { - data: (await decryptSerializedData( - loadedSnapshot.data, - encryptionKey - )) as Uint8Array, - metadata: loadedSnapshot.metadata, - } - : null; + // Load + decrypt is wrapped in a child span so operators can see + // snapshot-restore latency in waterfall views. + const existingSnapshot = await trace<{ + data: Uint8Array; + metadata: import('@workflow/world').SnapshotMetadata; + } | null>('snapshot.load', async (loadSpan) => { + const t0 = tick(); + const loadedSnapshot = await world.snapshots.load(runId); + const loadDurationMs = tick() - t0; + + loadSpan?.setAttributes({ + ...Attribute.SnapshotLoadDurationMs(Math.round(loadDurationMs)), + }); + parentSpan?.setAttributes({ + ...Attribute.SnapshotLoadDurationMs(Math.round(loadDurationMs)), + }); + + if (!loadedSnapshot) return null; + + loadSpan?.setAttributes({ + ...Attribute.SnapshotLoadBytes(loadedSnapshot.data.byteLength), + }); + parentSpan?.setAttributes({ + ...Attribute.SnapshotLoadBytes(loadedSnapshot.data.byteLength), + }); + + // Decrypt if the snapshot was written with encryption. Plaintext + // snapshots (written before this change, or on runs without + // encryption configured) pass through unchanged. + const decryptStart = tick(); + const decrypted = (await decryptSerializedData( + loadedSnapshot.data, + encryptionKey + )) as Uint8Array; + if (encryptionKey) { + const decryptDurationMs = tick() - decryptStart; + loadSpan?.setAttributes({ + ...Attribute.SnapshotDecryptDurationMs(Math.round(decryptDurationMs)), + }); + parentSpan?.setAttributes({ + ...Attribute.SnapshotDecryptDurationMs(Math.round(decryptDurationMs)), + }); + } + + return { data: decrypted, metadata: loadedSnapshot.metadata }; + }); + + parentSpan?.setAttributes({ + ...Attribute.SnapshotInvocationKind(existingSnapshot ? 'restore' : 'first'), + }); // On first invocation (no snapshot), prefer preloadedEvents from the // run_started response — they're guaranteed to include run_created @@ -102,6 +163,7 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { let lastEventsCursor: string | null = existingSnapshot?.metadata.eventsCursor ?? null; + let eventsFetchedPages = 0; if (!existingSnapshot && preloadedEvents && preloadedEvents.length > 0) { events = preloadedEvents; } else { @@ -118,6 +180,7 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { limit: 1000, }, }); + eventsFetchedPages++; allEvents.push(...response.data); // Update the cursor to the last successfully fetched page's cursor. // Only update when we got results — the final empty-page response @@ -133,6 +196,14 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { if (cursor) lastEventsCursor = cursor; } + parentSpan?.setAttributes({ + ...Attribute.SnapshotEventsPreloaded( + !existingSnapshot && !!preloadedEvents && preloadedEvents.length > 0 + ), + ...Attribute.SnapshotEventsFetchedCount(events.length), + ...Attribute.SnapshotEventsFetchedPages(eventsFetchedPages), + }); + runtimeLogger.info('Snapshot runtime: fetched events', { workflowRunId: runId, eventCount: events.length, @@ -197,6 +268,7 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { encryptionKey, port, runInput, + parentSpan, }); runtimeLogger.debug('Snapshot runtime: VM returned', { @@ -212,9 +284,18 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { runtimeLogger.info('Snapshot runtime: workflow completed', { workflowRunId: runId, }); + parentSpan?.setAttributes({ + ...Attribute.SnapshotOutcome('completed'), + }); // Delete the snapshot - await world.snapshots.delete(runId); + { + const t0 = tick(); + await world.snapshots.delete(runId); + parentSpan?.setAttributes({ + ...Attribute.SnapshotDeleteDurationMs(Math.round(tick() - t0)), + }); + } // Create run_completed event. // The VM serializes the workflow result as format-prefixed devalue bytes @@ -265,25 +346,67 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { })), }); + parentSpan?.setAttributes({ + ...Attribute.SnapshotOutcome('suspended'), + ...Attribute.SnapshotPendingOpsCount(pendingOperations.length), + ...(lastEventsCursor + ? Attribute.SnapshotEventsCursor(lastEventsCursor) + : {}), + }); + // Save the snapshot, encrypting if a key is available. When // encryption is disabled, encrypt() passes the bytes through - // unchanged. - const snapshotToStore = (await encryptSerializedData( - snapshot, - encryptionKey - )) as Uint8Array; - runtimeLogger.debug('Snapshot runtime: saving snapshot', { - workflowRunId: runId, - snapshotType: typeof snapshotToStore, - snapshotIsUint8Array: snapshotToStore instanceof Uint8Array, - snapshotLength: snapshotToStore?.length, - snapshotByteLength: snapshotToStore?.byteLength, - encrypted: !!encryptionKey, - eventsCursor: lastEventsCursor, - }); - await world.snapshots.save(runId, snapshotToStore, { - eventsCursor: lastEventsCursor, - createdAt: new Date(), + // unchanged. Wrapped in a child span so operators can drill into + // serialize / encrypt / persist latency separately. + await trace('snapshot.save', async (saveSpan) => { + const plaintextBytes = snapshot.byteLength; + saveSpan?.setAttributes({ + ...Attribute.SnapshotSavePlaintextBytes(plaintextBytes), + }); + parentSpan?.setAttributes({ + ...Attribute.SnapshotSavePlaintextBytes(plaintextBytes), + }); + + const encryptStart = tick(); + const snapshotToStore = (await encryptSerializedData( + snapshot, + encryptionKey + )) as Uint8Array; + if (encryptionKey) { + const encryptDurationMs = Math.round(tick() - encryptStart); + saveSpan?.setAttributes({ + ...Attribute.SnapshotEncryptDurationMs(encryptDurationMs), + }); + parentSpan?.setAttributes({ + ...Attribute.SnapshotEncryptDurationMs(encryptDurationMs), + }); + } + + runtimeLogger.debug('Snapshot runtime: saving snapshot', { + workflowRunId: runId, + snapshotType: typeof snapshotToStore, + snapshotIsUint8Array: snapshotToStore instanceof Uint8Array, + snapshotLength: snapshotToStore?.length, + snapshotByteLength: snapshotToStore?.byteLength, + encrypted: !!encryptionKey, + eventsCursor: lastEventsCursor, + }); + + const saveStart = tick(); + await world.snapshots.save(runId, snapshotToStore, { + eventsCursor: lastEventsCursor, + createdAt: new Date(), + }); + const saveDurationMs = Math.round(tick() - saveStart); + + saveSpan?.setAttributes({ + ...Attribute.SnapshotSaveBytes(snapshotToStore.byteLength), + ...Attribute.SnapshotSaveDurationMs(saveDurationMs), + }); + parentSpan?.setAttributes({ + ...Attribute.SnapshotSaveBytes(snapshotToStore.byteLength), + ...Attribute.SnapshotSaveDurationMs(saveDurationMs), + }); }); // Create events and queue steps for pending operations @@ -510,9 +633,18 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { errorStack, errorCode, }); + parentSpan?.setAttributes({ + ...Attribute.SnapshotOutcome('failed'), + }); // Delete the snapshot - await world.snapshots.delete(runId); + { + const t0 = tick(); + await world.snapshots.delete(runId); + parentSpan?.setAttributes({ + ...Attribute.SnapshotDeleteDurationMs(Math.round(tick() - t0)), + }); + } // Create run_failed event try { diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index 61e8cece67..ca0e5af191 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ * resolve/reject promises. */ +import type { Span } from '@opentelemetry/api'; import type { Event, RunInput, @@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ import seedrandom from 'seedrandom'; import type { CryptoKey } from '../encryption.js'; import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; import { decrypt as decryptData } from '../serialization/encryption.js'; +import * as Attribute from '../telemetry/semantic-conventions.js'; import { quickjsExtensions, quickjsWasm } from './quickjs-assets.generated.js'; import { VM_SERDE_BUNDLE } from './vm-serde-bundle.generated.js'; @@ -115,6 +117,12 @@ export interface SnapshotRuntimeOptions { * (eventually-consistent read after the parent's start() wrote it). */ runInput?: RunInput; + /** + * Parent OTel span (the outer `WORKFLOW {workflowName}` span). When + * provided, VM serialize / deserialize timing attributes are attached + * to it for end-to-end visibility. + */ + parentSpan?: Span; } // ---- VM Bootstrap Code ---- @@ -471,7 +479,14 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( if (existingSnapshot) { // ---- RESTORE from snapshot ---- + const deserializeStart = performance.now(); const snapshot = QuickJS.deserializeSnapshot(existingSnapshot.data); + const deserializeDurationMs = Math.round( + performance.now() - deserializeStart + ); + options.parentSpan?.setAttributes({ + ...Attribute.SnapshotDeserializeDurationMs(deserializeDurationMs), + }); vm = await QuickJS.restore(snapshot, { wasm: quickjsWasm, // Use real time for Date.now() — determinism is handled by seeded Math.random @@ -661,7 +676,7 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( } // ---- Check result ---- - return checkWorkflowState(vm); + return checkWorkflowState(vm, options.parentSpan); } // ---- Event Processing ---- @@ -979,7 +994,10 @@ function markCreated(vm: QuickJS, escapedCid: string, opType?: string): void { // ---- State Checking ---- -function checkWorkflowState(vm: QuickJS): SnapshotRuntimeResult { +function checkWorkflowState( + vm: QuickJS, + parentSpan?: Span +): SnapshotRuntimeResult { // Check completed — __workflowResult is a format-prefixed Uint8Array { using h = vm.evalCode('globalThis.__workflowResult'); @@ -1028,14 +1046,22 @@ function checkWorkflowState(vm: QuickJS): SnapshotRuntimeResult { ); const pendingOps = vm.dump(pendingH) as PendingOperation[]; + const serializeStart = performance.now(); const snapshot = vm.snapshot(); const serialized = QuickJS.serializeSnapshot(snapshot); + const serializeDurationMs = Math.round( + performance.now() - serializeStart + ); + parentSpan?.setAttributes({ + ...Attribute.SnapshotSerializeDurationMs(serializeDurationMs), + }); vm.dispose(); runtimeLogger.debug('Snapshot runtime: serialized snapshot', { type: typeof serialized, byteLength: serialized?.byteLength, length: serialized?.length, + durationMs: serializeDurationMs, }); return { diff --git a/packages/core/src/telemetry/semantic-conventions.ts b/packages/core/src/telemetry/semantic-conventions.ts index fcc5d0694f..4a75178bac 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/telemetry/semantic-conventions.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/telemetry/semantic-conventions.ts @@ -92,6 +92,101 @@ export const WorkflowTracePropagated = SemanticConvention( 'workflow.trace.propagated' ); +// Snapshot runtime attributes + +/** The runtime mode handling this invocation */ +export const SnapshotRuntime = SemanticConvention<'snapshot' | 'replay'>( + 'snapshot.runtime' +); + +/** + * Whether this VM invocation is the first run (no existing snapshot) or a + * restore from a previously-persisted snapshot. + */ +export const SnapshotInvocationKind = SemanticConvention<'first' | 'restore'>( + 'snapshot.invocation_kind' +); + +/** Stored snapshot size on load, including any encryption framing */ +export const SnapshotLoadBytes = SemanticConvention( + 'snapshot.load.bytes' +); + +/** Time spent in `world.snapshots.load()` (ms) */ +export const SnapshotLoadDurationMs = SemanticConvention( + 'snapshot.load.duration_ms' +); + +/** Time spent decrypting the snapshot payload (ms) */ +export const SnapshotDecryptDurationMs = SemanticConvention( + 'snapshot.decrypt.duration_ms' +); + +/** Time spent in QuickJS.deserializeSnapshot() (ms) */ +export const SnapshotDeserializeDurationMs = SemanticConvention( + 'snapshot.deserialize.duration_ms' +); + +/** Whether preloaded events from `events.create('run_started')` were used */ +export const SnapshotEventsPreloaded = SemanticConvention( + 'snapshot.events.preloaded' +); + +/** Total number of events fetched from the world for this invocation */ +export const SnapshotEventsFetchedCount = SemanticConvention( + 'snapshot.events.fetched_count' +); + +/** Number of pages required to fetch all events */ +export const SnapshotEventsFetchedPages = SemanticConvention( + 'snapshot.events.fetched_pages' +); + +/** Number of pending VM operations captured at suspension */ +export const SnapshotPendingOpsCount = SemanticConvention( + 'snapshot.pending_ops_count' +); + +/** Stored snapshot size on save, post-encryption (the bytes the world sees) */ +export const SnapshotSaveBytes = SemanticConvention( + 'snapshot.save.bytes' +); + +/** Snapshot size before encryption (raw QuickJS serializeSnapshot output) */ +export const SnapshotSavePlaintextBytes = SemanticConvention( + 'snapshot.save.plaintext_bytes' +); + +/** Time spent in QuickJS.serializeSnapshot() (ms) */ +export const SnapshotSerializeDurationMs = SemanticConvention( + 'snapshot.serialize.duration_ms' +); + +/** Time spent encrypting the snapshot payload (ms) */ +export const SnapshotEncryptDurationMs = SemanticConvention( + 'snapshot.encrypt.duration_ms' +); + +/** Time spent in `world.snapshots.save()` (ms) */ +export const SnapshotSaveDurationMs = SemanticConvention( + 'snapshot.save.duration_ms' +); + +/** Time spent in `world.snapshots.delete()` (ms) */ +export const SnapshotDeleteDurationMs = SemanticConvention( + 'snapshot.delete.duration_ms' +); + +/** Outcome of this snapshot-runtime VM invocation */ +export const SnapshotOutcome = SemanticConvention< + 'completed' | 'suspended' | 'failed' +>('snapshot.outcome'); + +/** Events cursor written into the saved snapshot's metadata */ +export const SnapshotEventsCursor = SemanticConvention( + 'snapshot.events_cursor' +); + /** Name of the error that caused workflow failure */ export const WorkflowErrorName = SemanticConvention( 'workflow.error.name' From a715039f5763b6f3f3145b552f5c26e50df84b9f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Tue, 28 Apr 2026 17:53:01 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 099/124] Mix snapshot events cursor into PRNG seed MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Previously the seedrandom seed for each VM invocation was `runId:workflowName:startedAt` — constant across all resumptions of a run. Each restore re-initialized the RNG from that same seed and replayed the first-N draws, so the VM's `__generateUlid` and `__generateNanoid` produced identical IDs on every resumption. That collapsed the hasCreatedEvent dedup guard and caused step / hook correlation IDs to drift between invocations. Mix `existingSnapshot.metadata.eventsCursor` into the seed when restoring. The cursor is stable for retries of the same resumption (idempotent within a single resume) but advances across resumes, which is exactly the determinism boundary we want. --- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 18 +++++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index ca0e5af191..c7ffc12bc3 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -466,7 +466,23 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( const startedAt = workflowRun.startedAt ? +workflowRun.startedAt : Date.now(); - const seed = `${workflowRun.runId}:${workflowRun.workflowName}:${startedAt}`; + // Mix the snapshot's events cursor into the PRNG seed so that each + // resumption draws from a different point in the sequence. Without this, + // every restore re-initialized the RNG from the same `runId:name:startedAt` + // seed and replayed the first-N draws, producing identical correlationIds + // across resumptions and breaking the hasCreatedEvent dedup guard. + // The cursor is stable for retries of the same resumption (idempotent + // within a single resume) but advances across resumes — exactly the + // determinism boundary we want. + const seedParts = [ + workflowRun.runId, + workflowRun.workflowName, + String(startedAt), + ]; + if (existingSnapshot?.metadata.eventsCursor) { + seedParts.push(existingSnapshot.metadata.eventsCursor); + } + const seed = seedParts.join(':'); const rng = seedrandom(seed); let vm: QuickJS; From 83bceccfe9e8ed7347b04a3143e331571a5e6a8c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Tue, 28 Apr 2026 23:58:05 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 100/124] Make snapshot runtime correlationIds deterministic across concurrent invocations MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Two queue messages for the same workflow run can be processed concurrently by separate workflow handler instances. The replay runtime is naturally idempotent (full event-log replay produces deterministic correlationIds via the seeded PRNG), but the snapshot runtime previously used `ulid(Date.now())` for correlationIds — concurrent VMs hit it at slightly different ms and produced different ULIDs even though the seeded PRNG portion was identical. The world had no way to dedup these as duplicates, so a single logical step became two step_created events with two independent step handlers. For workflows like fibonacciWorkflow that do `Promise.all([runA.returnValue, runB.returnValue])`, this manifested as 4 step_created events for 2 logical operations, with 2 of the 4 `Run#returnValue` proxies hanging because nothing wrote their step_completed. Inject a deterministic timestamp (`workflowRun.startedAt`, constant per-run) into the VM as `__ulidTimestamp`. The bundle's `__generateUlid` reads it instead of `Date.now()` when present, so concurrent VMs produce identical ULIDs. Distinctness across resumptions still comes from the cursor mixed into the seedrandom seed, which advances the PRNG sequence between resumes. --- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 11 +++++++++++ .../src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts | 2 +- .../core/src/serialization/vm-bundle-entry.ts | 17 +++++++++++++---- 3 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index c7ffc12bc3..e51c29a12a 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -563,6 +563,17 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( vm.setProp(vm.global, '__generateNanoid', nanoidFn); } + // Inject a deterministic timestamp for the VM's ULID factory. ULIDs + // produced inside the VM use this as their time prefix instead of + // Date.now(), so two concurrent workflow invocations of the same + // resumption produce IDENTICAL correlationIds (the random portion + // also matches because the PRNG is seeded the same way) and the + // world's EntityConflictError on `events.create` dedups one of each + // pair. Use `startedAt` (constant per-run) — distinctness across + // resumptions comes from the cursor mixed into the seedrandom seed, + // which advances the PRNG sequence between resumes. + vm.evalCode(`globalThis.__ulidTimestamp = ${startedAt};`).dispose(); + // Evaluate the VM serde bundle vm.evalCode(VM_SERDE_BUNDLE, 'vm-serde.js').dispose(); diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts index bc2757ef0f..6d6e4421ff 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts @@ -9,5 +9,5 @@ * Size: 18.8 KB minified */ export const VM_SERDE_BUNDLE: string = `"use strict";(()=>{var T="0123456789ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTVWXYZ";var 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The seeded PRNG is injected via __ulidPrng before -// the bootstrap runs; falls back to Math.random if not set. +// ULID generator for correlationIds — uses the same monotonicFactory as +// the event-replay runtime. The seeded PRNG is injected via __ulidPrng +// before the bootstrap runs; falls back to Math.random if not set. +// +// The timestamp argument is read from `globalThis.__ulidTimestamp` so the +// host can inject a deterministic timestamp that's stable across +// concurrent workflow invocations of the same resumption (otherwise +// `Date.now()` would diverge between concurrent VMs even when the seeded +// PRNG produces an identical random sequence). When unset, falls back to +// `Date.now()` so non-snapshot consumers of this bundle (e.g. tests) +// keep working. const prng = (globalThis as any).__ulidPrng ?? Math.random; const ulid = monotonicFactory(prng); -(globalThis as any).__generateUlid = () => ulid(Date.now()); +(globalThis as any).__generateUlid = () => + ulid((globalThis as any).__ulidTimestamp ?? Date.now()); From ccd3c4843d47e3a2761333e6849899bfe579b6e1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Tue, 28 Apr 2026 23:58:16 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 101/124] Add regression tests for snapshot runtime correlationId determinism MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Three unit tests covering: - Same fresh start (no snapshot) → identical correlationIds across two concurrent invocations. - Same restore (snapshot + same events) → identical correlationIds across two concurrent invocations. - Different resume (cursor advanced) → distinct correlationIds across resumes (so EntityConflictError doesn't falsely dedup unrelated steps). The first two tests fail against the pre-fix runtime (different ULID timestamp portions across concurrent invocations); the third test was already passing pre-fix because the cursor-mixed seedrandom seed already produced distinct random portions across resumes. --- .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts | 172 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 172 insertions(+) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts index 4ebe01f6bd..04b647c8d0 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.test.ts @@ -267,6 +267,178 @@ describe('runSnapshotWorkflow', () => { }); }); +describe('correlationId determinism', () => { + // The snapshot runtime must produce identical correlationIds for the + // same logical workflow operation across concurrent invocations of the + // same resumption — otherwise two queue messages for the same runId + // can each generate "fresh" pending step ops, the world has no + // EntityConflictError to dedup them, and a single logical step + // becomes 2 step_created events (and only one of them ever has a + // matching step_completed handler in the running VM, so the others + // hang). + // + // Determinism boundary: + // 1. Same `workflowRun` (runId, name, startedAt) + same starting + // state (no snapshot, OR same snapshot+events) → IDENTICAL ids. + // 2. Different starting state (different cursor) → DIFFERENT ids. + // + // The fix injects a deterministic `__ulidTimestamp` (workflowRun.startedAt) + // into the VM so the ULID timestamp portion is stable across concurrent + // invocations, and seeds the PRNG with `runId:name:startedAt:cursor` + // so the random portion advances across resumptions but is stable + // within a resumption. + + const stepWorkflow = ` + var add = globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")]("step//test//add"); + async function workflow() { return await add(10, 7); } + workflow.workflowId = "workflow//test//workflow"; + globalThis.__private_workflows.set("workflow//test//workflow", workflow); + `; + + it('produces identical correlationIds for two concurrent first-run invocations', async () => { + const run = makeRun(); + + // Two independent VM invocations of the same fresh workflow run. + // These could be two queue messages for the same runId being + // processed in parallel by two workflow handler instances. + const [a, b] = await Promise.all([ + runSnapshotWorkflow({ + workflowCode: stepWorkflow, + workflowId: 'workflow//test//workflow', + workflowRun: run, + events: [], + existingSnapshot: null, + }), + runSnapshotWorkflow({ + workflowCode: stepWorkflow, + workflowId: 'workflow//test//workflow', + workflowRun: run, + events: [], + existingSnapshot: null, + }), + ]); + + expect(a.suspended).toBeDefined(); + expect(b.suspended).toBeDefined(); + const aCid = a.suspended!.pendingOperations[0].correlationId; + const bCid = b.suspended!.pendingOperations[0].correlationId; + expect(aCid).toBe(bCid); + }); + + it('produces identical correlationIds for two concurrent restore invocations', async () => { + const run = makeRun(); + + // Drive the workflow to a suspension point so we have a snapshot. + const r1 = await runSnapshotWorkflow({ + workflowCode: ` + var add = globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")]("step//test//add"); + async function workflow() { + var a = await add(10, 7); + var b = await add(a, 8); + return b; + } + workflow.workflowId = "workflow//test//workflow"; + globalThis.__private_workflows.set("workflow//test//workflow", workflow); + `, + workflowId: 'workflow//test//workflow', + workflowRun: run, + events: [], + existingSnapshot: null, + }); + const step1Cid = r1.suspended!.pendingOperations[0].correlationId; + + // Two concurrent resumes from the same snapshot, both processing + // the same step_completed event. Each independently runs the + // workflow body forward to the next suspension point. + const events = [ + { + eventId: 'evnt_001', + runId: run.runId, + eventType: 'step_completed' as const, + correlationId: step1Cid, + eventData: { result: 17 }, + createdAt: new Date(), + }, + ]; + const existingSnapshot = { + data: r1.suspended!.snapshot, + metadata: { eventsCursor: 'evnt_001', createdAt: new Date() }, + }; + + const [a, b] = await Promise.all([ + runSnapshotWorkflow({ + workflowCode: '', + workflowId: 'workflow//test//workflow', + workflowRun: run, + events, + existingSnapshot, + }), + runSnapshotWorkflow({ + workflowCode: '', + workflowId: 'workflow//test//workflow', + workflowRun: run, + events, + existingSnapshot, + }), + ]); + + expect(a.suspended).toBeDefined(); + expect(b.suspended).toBeDefined(); + const aCid = a.suspended!.pendingOperations[0].correlationId; + const bCid = b.suspended!.pendingOperations[0].correlationId; + expect(aCid).toBe(bCid); + }); + + it('produces a different correlationId across resumes (different cursor)', async () => { + const run = makeRun(); + + const r1 = await runSnapshotWorkflow({ + workflowCode: ` + var add = globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")]("step//test//add"); + async function workflow() { + var a = await add(10, 7); + var b = await add(a, 8); + return b; + } + workflow.workflowId = "workflow//test//workflow"; + globalThis.__private_workflows.set("workflow//test//workflow", workflow); + `, + workflowId: 'workflow//test//workflow', + workflowRun: run, + events: [], + existingSnapshot: null, + }); + const step1Cid = r1.suspended!.pendingOperations[0].correlationId; + + const r2 = await runSnapshotWorkflow({ + workflowCode: '', + workflowId: 'workflow//test//workflow', + workflowRun: run, + events: [ + { + eventId: 'evnt_001', + runId: run.runId, + eventType: 'step_completed', + correlationId: step1Cid, + eventData: { result: 17 }, + createdAt: new Date(), + }, + ], + existingSnapshot: { + data: r1.suspended!.snapshot, + metadata: { eventsCursor: 'evnt_001', createdAt: new Date() }, + }, + }); + const step2Cid = r2.suspended!.pendingOperations[0].correlationId; + + // The second step's correlationId must be distinct from the first — + // different resume, different position in the workflow body, + // different PRNG state, different cursor. Otherwise EntityConflictError + // would falsely dedup it as a duplicate. + expect(step2Cid).not.toBe(step1Cid); + }); +}); + describe('raw QuickJS proof of concept', () => { it('should run, snapshot, restore, and complete', async () => { const vm = await QuickJS.create(); From ca0078fcc37b54e72cecb4487ea06ed3e977327b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:40:51 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 102/124] Atomically dedupe duplicate step_created/wait_created events in world-local MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Concurrent invocations producing identical correlationIds (as the snapshot runtime does by design across replays) previously both succeeded and persisted duplicate events. step_created had no guard at all; wait_created used a TOCTOU read-then-check that allowed both writers through under concurrency. Both now claim a per-(runId, correlationId) constraint file with O_CREAT|O_EXCL before writing, so the loser surfaces as EntityConflictError — which the runtime's dedup catch path already handles. --- .../fix-world-local-step-created-race.md | 5 + packages/world-local/src/storage.test.ts | 106 ++++++++++++++++++ .../world-local/src/storage/events-storage.ts | 55 +++++++-- 3 files changed, 156 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) create mode 100644 .changeset/fix-world-local-step-created-race.md diff --git a/.changeset/fix-world-local-step-created-race.md b/.changeset/fix-world-local-step-created-race.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a3e43108d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/.changeset/fix-world-local-step-created-race.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +--- +"@workflow/world-local": patch +--- + +Atomically dedupe `step_created` and `wait_created` events with the same `correlationId`. Concurrent invocations producing identical correlationIds (e.g. the snapshot runtime's deterministic ULIDs across replays) now consistently surface as `EntityConflictError` instead of allowing both writers through and persisting duplicate events. diff --git a/packages/world-local/src/storage.test.ts b/packages/world-local/src/storage.test.ts index 0c3bc63048..efdee1274c 100644 --- a/packages/world-local/src/storage.test.ts +++ b/packages/world-local/src/storage.test.ts @@ -1987,6 +1987,112 @@ describe('Storage', () => { }); }); + describe('concurrent entity-creation races', () => { + let testRunId: string; + beforeEach(async () => { + const run = await createRun(storage, { + deploymentId: 'deployment-123', + workflowName: 'test-workflow', + input: new Uint8Array(), + }); + testRunId = run.runId; + await updateRun(storage, testRunId, 'run_started'); + }); + + it('should reject concurrent step_created with the same correlationId', async () => { + // Two concurrent step_created calls with identical correlationIds + // (as produced by the snapshot runtime's deterministic ULIDs across + // concurrent VM invocations of the same resumption) must produce + // exactly one step_created event in the log — not two. Without an + // atomic guard the second writer overwrites the entity and persists + // a duplicate event, causing downstream issues like double-queued + // step messages. + const results = await Promise.allSettled([ + createStep(storage, testRunId, { + stepId: 'step_dup_1', + stepName: 'test-step', + input: new Uint8Array([1]), + }), + createStep(storage, testRunId, { + stepId: 'step_dup_1', + stepName: 'test-step', + input: new Uint8Array([2]), + }), + ]); + + const fulfilled = results.filter((r) => r.status === 'fulfilled'); + const rejected = results.filter((r) => r.status === 'rejected'); + expect(fulfilled).toHaveLength(1); + expect(rejected).toHaveLength(1); + expect((rejected[0] as PromiseRejectedResult).reason).toMatchObject({ + name: 'EntityConflictError', + }); + + // Verify only one step_created event exists in the log. + const events = await storage.events.list({ + runId: testRunId, + pagination: {}, + }); + const stepCreatedEvents = events.data.filter( + (e) => + e.eventType === 'step_created' && e.correlationId === 'step_dup_1' + ); + expect(stepCreatedEvents).toHaveLength(1); + }); + + it('should reject concurrent wait_created with the same correlationId', async () => { + // wait_created previously used a TOCTOU read-then-check pattern that + // could let both concurrent writers through. The atomic claim now + // guarantees exactly one winner. + const results = await Promise.allSettled([ + createWait(storage, testRunId, { + waitId: 'wait_dup_1', + resumeAt: new Date('2099-01-01'), + }), + createWait(storage, testRunId, { + waitId: 'wait_dup_1', + resumeAt: new Date('2099-01-02'), + }), + ]); + + const fulfilled = results.filter((r) => r.status === 'fulfilled'); + const rejected = results.filter((r) => r.status === 'rejected'); + expect(fulfilled).toHaveLength(1); + expect(rejected).toHaveLength(1); + expect((rejected[0] as PromiseRejectedResult).reason).toMatchObject({ + name: 'EntityConflictError', + }); + + // Verify only one wait_created event exists in the log. + const events = await storage.events.list({ + runId: testRunId, + pagination: {}, + }); + const waitCreatedEvents = events.data.filter( + (e) => + e.eventType === 'wait_created' && e.correlationId === 'wait_dup_1' + ); + expect(waitCreatedEvents).toHaveLength(1); + }); + + it('should reject sequential duplicate step_created calls', async () => { + // Sequential (non-racing) duplicates must also be rejected — the + // constraint file persists across calls. + await createStep(storage, testRunId, { + stepId: 'step_seq_dup', + stepName: 'test-step', + input: new Uint8Array(), + }); + await expect( + createStep(storage, testRunId, { + stepId: 'step_seq_dup', + stepName: 'test-step', + input: new Uint8Array(), + }) + ).rejects.toMatchObject({ name: 'EntityConflictError' }); + }); + }); + describe('run terminal state validation', () => { describe('completed run', () => { it('should reject run_started on completed run', async () => { diff --git a/packages/world-local/src/storage/events-storage.ts b/packages/world-local/src/storage/events-storage.ts index 63df4a81c0..d8926fc6ff 100644 --- a/packages/world-local/src/storage/events-storage.ts +++ b/packages/world-local/src/storage/events-storage.ts @@ -559,7 +559,32 @@ export function createEventsStorage( data.eventType === 'step_created' && 'eventData' in data ) { - // step_created: Creates step entity with status 'pending', attempt=0, createdAt set + // step_created: Creates step entity with status 'pending', attempt=0, createdAt set. + // Two concurrent invocations with identical correlationIds (e.g. the + // snapshot runtime's deterministic correlationIds across replays) + // must be deduped — otherwise both writes succeed and the event log + // ends up with duplicate step_created entries. Claim a per-(runId, + // correlationId) constraint file with O_CREAT|O_EXCL; the loser + // throws EntityConflictError so the runtime's existing catch path + // can swallow it and avoid double-queuing the step. + const stepCreatedLockName = tag + ? `${effectiveRunId}-${data.correlationId}.created.${tag}` + : `${effectiveRunId}-${data.correlationId}.created`; + const stepCreatedLockPath = path.join( + basedir, + '.locks', + 'steps', + stepCreatedLockName + ); + const stepCreatedClaimed = await writeExclusive( + stepCreatedLockPath, + '' + ); + if (!stepCreatedClaimed) { + throw new EntityConflictError( + `Step "${data.correlationId}" already created` + ); + } const stepData = data.eventData as { stepName: string; input: any; @@ -865,23 +890,33 @@ export function createEventsStorage( } await deleteJSON(hookPath); } else if (data.eventType === 'wait_created' && 'eventData' in data) { - // wait_created: Creates wait entity with status 'waiting' - const waitData = data.eventData as { - resumeAt?: Date; - }; + // wait_created: Creates wait entity with status 'waiting'. + // Atomic claim on a per-(runId, correlationId) constraint file + // ensures duplicate wait_created from concurrent invocations + // surfaces as EntityConflictError (replaces a prior TOCTOU + // read-then-check that could let both writers through). const waitCompositeKey = `${effectiveRunId}-${data.correlationId}`; - const existingWait = await readJSONWithFallback( + const waitCreatedLockName = tag + ? `${waitCompositeKey}.created.${tag}` + : `${waitCompositeKey}.created`; + const waitCreatedLockPath = path.join( basedir, + '.locks', 'waits', - waitCompositeKey, - WaitSchema, - tag + waitCreatedLockName ); - if (existingWait) { + const waitCreatedClaimed = await writeExclusive( + waitCreatedLockPath, + '' + ); + if (!waitCreatedClaimed) { throw new EntityConflictError( `Wait "${data.correlationId}" already exists` ); } + const waitData = data.eventData as { + resumeAt?: Date; + }; wait = { waitId: waitCompositeKey, runId: effectiveRunId, From 009a006975bf79cebdc7af242ec867f1ac0a6484 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:41:00 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 103/124] Enforce per-(run, correlation) uniqueness for entity-creating events in world-postgres Adds a unique partial index on workflow_events(run_id, correlation_id, type) filtered to step_created/hook_created/wait_created, and translates the resulting unique-violation (pg code 23505, surfaced via DrizzleQueryError.cause) into EntityConflictError. The steps table already deduped via onConflictDoNothing, but the event row still inserted, leaving duplicate events in the log. Now both rows are kept consistent and the runtime's existing dedup catch path handles concurrent writers cleanly. --- .../fix-world-postgres-events-uniqueness.md | 5 ++ ...dd_events_entity_creation_unique_index.sql | 13 +++ .../src/drizzle/migrations/meta/_journal.json | 7 ++ packages/world-postgres/src/drizzle/schema.ts | 18 +++- packages/world-postgres/src/storage.ts | 48 +++++++--- packages/world-postgres/test/storage.test.ts | 87 +++++++++++++++++++ 6 files changed, 166 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-) create mode 100644 .changeset/fix-world-postgres-events-uniqueness.md create mode 100644 packages/world-postgres/src/drizzle/migrations/0011_add_events_entity_creation_unique_index.sql diff --git a/.changeset/fix-world-postgres-events-uniqueness.md b/.changeset/fix-world-postgres-events-uniqueness.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c4187c3665 --- /dev/null +++ b/.changeset/fix-world-postgres-events-uniqueness.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +--- +"@workflow/world-postgres": patch +--- + +Add a unique partial index on `workflow_events(run_id, correlation_id, type)` for the entity-creating events (`step_created`, `hook_created`, `wait_created`) and translate the resulting unique-violation into `EntityConflictError`. This ensures concurrent invocations producing identical correlationIds (e.g. the snapshot runtime's deterministic ULIDs across replays) consistently dedupe at the storage layer instead of allowing duplicate event rows. diff --git a/packages/world-postgres/src/drizzle/migrations/0011_add_events_entity_creation_unique_index.sql b/packages/world-postgres/src/drizzle/migrations/0011_add_events_entity_creation_unique_index.sql new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a176f4e8f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/world-postgres/src/drizzle/migrations/0011_add_events_entity_creation_unique_index.sql @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +-- Enforce uniqueness of (run_id, correlation_id, event_type) for the +-- entity-creating events (step_created, hook_created, wait_created). +-- +-- Without this constraint, two concurrent runtime invocations producing +-- identical correlationIds (e.g. the snapshot runtime's deterministic +-- ULIDs across replays of the same resumption) can both insert events, +-- causing duplicate step/hook/wait events in the log. The unique +-- violation is caught in events.create and surfaced as +-- EntityConflictError, which the runtime already handles as a dedup +-- signal. +CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "workflow_events_entity_creation_unique" + ON "workflow"."workflow_events" ("run_id", "correlation_id", "type") + WHERE "type" IN ('step_created', 'hook_created', 'wait_created'); diff --git a/packages/world-postgres/src/drizzle/migrations/meta/_journal.json b/packages/world-postgres/src/drizzle/migrations/meta/_journal.json index b333bec351..6d3a62c591 100644 --- a/packages/world-postgres/src/drizzle/migrations/meta/_journal.json +++ b/packages/world-postgres/src/drizzle/migrations/meta/_journal.json @@ -78,6 +78,13 @@ "when": 1771000000000, "tag": "0010_add_snapshots_table", "breakpoints": true + }, + { + "idx": 11, + "version": "7", + "when": 1771500000000, + "tag": "0011_add_events_entity_creation_unique_index", + "breakpoints": true } ] } diff --git a/packages/world-postgres/src/drizzle/schema.ts b/packages/world-postgres/src/drizzle/schema.ts index fb57f1ec84..83c143c55c 100644 --- a/packages/world-postgres/src/drizzle/schema.ts +++ b/packages/world-postgres/src/drizzle/schema.ts @@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { type WorkflowRun, WorkflowRunStatusSchema, } from '@workflow/world'; +import { sql } from 'drizzle-orm'; import { boolean, customType, @@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ import { primaryKey, text, timestamp, + uniqueIndex, varchar, } from 'drizzle-orm/pg-core'; import { Cbor, type Cborized } from './cbor.js'; @@ -114,7 +116,21 @@ export const events = schema.table( } satisfies DrizzlishOfType< Cborized >, - (tb) => [index().on(tb.runId), index().on(tb.correlationId)] + (tb) => [ + index().on(tb.runId), + index().on(tb.correlationId), + // Entity-creating events must be unique per (run, correlation) — without + // this, two concurrent invocations producing identical correlationIds + // (e.g. the snapshot runtime's deterministic ULIDs across replays) can + // both insert events, causing duplicate steps/hooks/waits in the log. + // The unique violation is caught in events.create and translated to + // EntityConflictError, matching the runtime's expected dedup contract. + uniqueIndex('workflow_events_entity_creation_unique') + .on(tb.runId, tb.correlationId, tb.eventType) + .where( + sql`${tb.eventType} IN ('step_created', 'hook_created', 'wait_created')` + ), + ] ); export const steps = schema.table( diff --git a/packages/world-postgres/src/storage.ts b/packages/world-postgres/src/storage.ts index 11febac661..2618225ed4 100644 --- a/packages/world-postgres/src/storage.ts +++ b/packages/world-postgres/src/storage.ts @@ -1240,17 +1240,43 @@ export function createEventsStorage(drizzle: Drizzle): Storage['events'] { ? data.eventData : undefined; - const [value] = await drizzle - .insert(events) - .values({ - runId: effectiveRunId, - eventId, - correlationId: data.correlationId, - eventType: data.eventType, - eventData: storedEventData, - specVersion: effectiveSpecVersion, - }) - .returning({ createdAt: events.createdAt }); + let value: { createdAt: Date } | undefined; + try { + [value] = await drizzle + .insert(events) + .values({ + runId: effectiveRunId, + eventId, + correlationId: data.correlationId, + eventType: data.eventType, + eventData: storedEventData, + specVersion: effectiveSpecVersion, + }) + .returning({ createdAt: events.createdAt }); + } catch (err) { + // Translate unique-violation on the entity-creation partial index + // (workflow_events_entity_creation_unique) into EntityConflictError + // so the runtime's existing dedup catch path can handle it. Without + // this, two concurrent invocations producing identical + // correlationIds (e.g. snapshot runtime deterministic ULIDs) would + // surface as unhandled DB errors instead of dedup signals. + // Drizzle wraps the underlying pg error in DrizzleQueryError; the + // pg error (with .code === '23505') lives on .cause. + const isEntityCreatingEvent = + data.eventType === 'step_created' || + data.eventType === 'hook_created' || + data.eventType === 'wait_created'; + const pgCode = ((err as { code?: string }).code ?? + (err as { cause?: { code?: string } }).cause?.code) as + | string + | undefined; + if (isEntityCreatingEvent && pgCode === '23505') { + throw new EntityConflictError( + `${data.eventType} for correlationId "${data.correlationId}" already exists in run "${effectiveRunId}"` + ); + } + throw err; + } if (!value) { throw new EntityConflictError(`Event ${eventId} could not be created`); } diff --git a/packages/world-postgres/test/storage.test.ts b/packages/world-postgres/test/storage.test.ts index 55994fed4a..b235231318 100644 --- a/packages/world-postgres/test/storage.test.ts +++ b/packages/world-postgres/test/storage.test.ts @@ -1116,6 +1116,93 @@ describe('Storage (Postgres integration)', () => { }); }); + describe('concurrent entity-creation races', () => { + let testRunId: string; + beforeEach(async () => { + const run = await createRun(events, { + deploymentId: 'deployment-123', + workflowName: 'test-workflow', + input: new Uint8Array(), + }); + testRunId = run.runId; + await updateRun(events, testRunId, 'run_started'); + }); + + it('should reject concurrent step_created with the same correlationId', async () => { + // Two concurrent step_created calls with identical correlationIds + // (as produced by the snapshot runtime's deterministic ULIDs across + // concurrent VM invocations of the same resumption) must produce + // exactly one step_created event in the log. The unique partial + // index on workflow_events ensures the loser's INSERT raises a + // unique-violation, which storage translates to EntityConflictError + // for the runtime's existing dedup catch path. + const results = await Promise.allSettled([ + createStep(events, testRunId, { + stepId: 'step_dup_1', + stepName: 'test-step', + input: new Uint8Array([1]), + }), + createStep(events, testRunId, { + stepId: 'step_dup_1', + stepName: 'test-step', + input: new Uint8Array([2]), + }), + ]); + + const fulfilled = results.filter((r) => r.status === 'fulfilled'); + const rejected = results.filter((r) => r.status === 'rejected'); + expect(fulfilled).toHaveLength(1); + expect(rejected).toHaveLength(1); + expect((rejected[0] as PromiseRejectedResult).reason).toMatchObject({ + name: 'EntityConflictError', + }); + + // Verify only one step_created event exists in the log. + const evts = await events.list({ + runId: testRunId, + pagination: {}, + }); + const stepCreated = evts.data.filter( + (e) => + e.eventType === 'step_created' && e.correlationId === 'step_dup_1' + ); + expect(stepCreated).toHaveLength(1); + }); + + it('should reject sequential duplicate step_created with EntityConflictError', async () => { + await createStep(events, testRunId, { + stepId: 'step_seq_dup', + stepName: 'test-step', + input: new Uint8Array(), + }); + await expect( + createStep(events, testRunId, { + stepId: 'step_seq_dup', + stepName: 'test-step', + input: new Uint8Array(), + }) + ).rejects.toMatchObject({ name: 'EntityConflictError' }); + }); + + it('should reject duplicate wait_created with EntityConflictError', async () => { + // Sequential duplicate wait_created — the existing TOCTOU read + // catches this case, but the unique index now provides a stronger + // guarantee that survives concurrent writers. + await events.create(testRunId, { + eventType: 'wait_created', + correlationId: 'wait_seq_dup', + eventData: { resumeAt: new Date('2099-01-01') }, + }); + await expect( + events.create(testRunId, { + eventType: 'wait_created', + correlationId: 'wait_seq_dup', + eventData: { resumeAt: new Date('2099-01-02') }, + }) + ).rejects.toMatchObject({ name: 'EntityConflictError' }); + }); + }); + describe('step terminal state validation', () => { let testRunId: string; From 22ab779794991c684c6acb5cbf97bad02854f94e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:58:11 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 104/124] Parallelize snapshot runtime dispatch and pipeline snapshot.save MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Three coupled changes in the snapshot entrypoint's suspension handler: 1. Build per-pending-op promises and await them with Promise.all instead of running them in a sequential for-loop. Mirrors the replay runtime's suspension-handler.ts pattern. 2. Run snapshot.save concurrently with the op dispatch via the same Promise.all. The snapshot is an optimization — if save lags or fails, the next workflow invocation simply replays from events. Previously blocked step queueing on a full storage round-trip. 3. Drop the redundant hooks.list pre-check from the hook_created branch. With deterministic correlationIds (snapshot runtime PRNG fix) and per-(runId, correlationId) uniqueness in worlds (world-local + world-postgres dedup fixes), EntityConflictError on events.create is the correct dedup signal and the pre-check is an unnecessary round-trip per pending hook. CI run 25095263499 measured snapshot ~2.37x slower than replay per-test on Vercel (sum: 2418s vs 1021s); these changes should narrow that gap considerably on cloud worlds where each storage call is a network round-trip. --- .../snapshot-runtime-parallel-dispatch.md | 5 + .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 304 ++++++++++-------- 2 files changed, 168 insertions(+), 141 deletions(-) create mode 100644 .changeset/snapshot-runtime-parallel-dispatch.md diff --git a/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-parallel-dispatch.md b/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-parallel-dispatch.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..232198ed82 --- /dev/null +++ b/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-parallel-dispatch.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +--- +"@workflow/core": patch +--- + +Snapshot runtime: parallelize per-pending-op event creation + step queueing, run `snapshot.save` concurrently with the op dispatch, and drop the redundant `hooks.list` pre-check from the `hook_created` branch (now redundant with deterministic correlationIds and per-(runId, correlationId) uniqueness in the worlds). Significantly reduces wall-clock time per workflow round-trip on cloud worlds where each storage call is a network round-trip — measured ~2x slower than the replay runtime on Vercel before this change. diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index 13bfce5154..ac2e1268f1 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -354,11 +354,15 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { : {}), }); - // Save the snapshot, encrypting if a key is available. When - // encryption is disabled, encrypt() passes the bytes through - // unchanged. Wrapped in a child span so operators can drill into - // serialize / encrypt / persist latency separately. - await trace('snapshot.save', async (saveSpan) => { + // Save the snapshot, encrypting if a key is available. Runs in + // parallel with the per-pending-op event/queue dispatch below + // (Promise.all at the end of this block) so the round-trip to + // blob/db storage doesn't block step queueing. The snapshot is an + // optimization — if save fails or lags, the next workflow + // invocation simply replays from events. Wrapped in a child span + // so operators can drill into serialize / encrypt / persist + // latency separately. + const snapshotSavePromise = trace('snapshot.save', async (saveSpan) => { const plaintextBytes = snapshot.byteLength; saveSpan?.setAttributes({ ...Attribute.SnapshotSavePlaintextBytes(plaintextBytes), @@ -409,54 +413,62 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { }); }); - // Create events and queue steps for pending operations + // Build per-pending-op promises so events.create + queueMessage + // calls fan out in parallel rather than serially. This mirrors + // the replay runtime's `Promise.all(ops)` pattern in + // suspension-handler.ts and significantly reduces wall-clock time + // on cloud worlds (e.g. Vercel) where each storage call is a + // network round-trip. let minTimeoutSeconds: number | undefined; + const opsPromises: Promise[] = []; for (const op of pendingOperations) { if (op.type === 'step' && !op.hasCreatedEvent) { const step = op as PendingStep; + opsPromises.push( + (async () => { + // Create step_created event. `step.input` is the format-prefixed + // devalue bytes ("devl" + devalue) produced by + // `__wdk_serialize({args, closureVars, thisVal})` inside the VM. + // The VM has no access to the CryptoKey, so encryption is + // applied here on the host side — matching what + // `dehydrateStepArguments` does in the replay runtime. + try { + await world.events.create(runId, { + eventType: 'step_created', + specVersion: SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, + correlationId: step.correlationId, + eventData: { + stepName: step.stepId, + input: await encryptSerializedData(step.input, encryptionKey), + }, + }); + } catch (err) { + if (EntityConflictError.is(err)) return; + throw err; + } - // Create step_created event. - // `step.input` is the format-prefixed devalue bytes ("devl" + devalue) - // produced by `__wdk_serialize({args, closureVars, thisVal})` inside - // the VM. The VM has no access to the CryptoKey, so encryption is - // applied here on the host side — matching what - // `dehydrateStepArguments` does in the replay runtime (see - // `suspension-handler.ts`). - try { - await world.events.create(runId, { - eventType: 'step_created', - specVersion: SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, - correlationId: step.correlationId, - eventData: { - stepName: step.stepId, - input: await encryptSerializedData(step.input, encryptionKey), - }, - }); - } catch (err) { - if (EntityConflictError.is(err)) continue; - throw err; - } - - // Queue the step execution - // The queue name is __wkf_step_ - // The step handler expects: workflowName, workflowRunId, workflowStartedAt, stepId - const startedAtMs = workflowRun.startedAt - ? +workflowRun.startedAt - : Date.now(); - await queueMessage( - world, - `__wkf_step_${step.stepId}`, - { - workflowName: workflowRun.workflowName, - workflowRunId: runId, - workflowStartedAt: startedAtMs, - stepId: step.correlationId, - requestedAt: new Date(), - }, - { - idempotencyKey: step.correlationId, - } + // Queue the step execution. Queue name is __wkf_step_; + // step handler expects: workflowName, workflowRunId, + // workflowStartedAt, stepId. + const startedAtMs = workflowRun.startedAt + ? +workflowRun.startedAt + : Date.now(); + await queueMessage( + world, + `__wkf_step_${step.stepId}`, + { + workflowName: workflowRun.workflowName, + workflowRunId: runId, + workflowStartedAt: startedAtMs, + stepId: step.correlationId, + requestedAt: new Date(), + }, + { + idempotencyKey: step.correlationId, + } + ); + })() ); } else if (op.type === 'hook' && !op.hasCreatedEvent) { const hook = op as PendingHook; @@ -468,116 +480,123 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { isWebhook: hook.isWebhook, }); - // Create hook_created event. - // First check if our hook entity already exists (stale-snapshot race - // where a concurrent invocation already created it). Skip entirely - // to avoid creating spurious hook_conflict events. - try { - const { data: existingHooks } = await world.hooks.list({ runId }); - if (existingHooks.some((h) => h.hookId === hook.correlationId)) { - continue; - } - } catch { - // If hooks.list fails, proceed with creation attempt - } - - try { - // `hook.metadata` is the format-prefixed devalue bytes produced - // by `__wdk_serialize(options.metadata)` inside the VM (see - // snapshot-runtime.ts `WORKFLOW_CREATE_HOOK`). Encrypt on the - // host side before writing — matches `suspension-handler.ts` in - // the replay runtime, which runs the metadata through - // `dehydrateStepArguments` (devalue + encrypt). - const encryptedMetadata = - typeof hook.metadata === 'undefined' - ? undefined - : await encryptSerializedData(hook.metadata, encryptionKey); - const result = await world.events.create(runId, { - eventType: 'hook_created', - specVersion: SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, - correlationId: hook.correlationId, - eventData: { - token: hook.token, - metadata: encryptedMetadata, - // Always include isWebhook explicitly. Worlds default it to - // `true` when absent, which would break the public webhook - // endpoint's 404 guard for hooks created via createHook(). - // Matches suspension-handler.ts in the replay runtime. - isWebhook: hook.isWebhook, - } as any, - }); - - // If the storage detected a real token conflict with another - // workflow's hook, re-queue so the snapshot runtime can process - // the conflict event and fail the workflow gracefully. - if (result.event?.eventType === 'hook_conflict') { - await queueMessage( - world, - `__wkf_workflow_${workflowRun.workflowName}`, - { - runId, - }, - { idempotencyKey: `hook_conflict_${hook.correlationId}` } - ); - } - } catch (err) { - if (EntityConflictError.is(err)) continue; - throw err; - } + opsPromises.push( + (async () => { + // `hook.metadata` is the format-prefixed devalue bytes produced + // by `__wdk_serialize(options.metadata)` inside the VM. Encrypt + // on the host side before writing — matches the replay + // runtime's `dehydrateStepArguments` flow. + // + // No pre-check via hooks.list: with deterministic correlationIds + // (same VM seed across replays) and per-(runId, correlationId) + // uniqueness in worlds, the storage layer rejects duplicates as + // EntityConflictError, which we swallow below. This drops one + // network round-trip per pending hook. + try { + const encryptedMetadata = + typeof hook.metadata === 'undefined' + ? undefined + : await encryptSerializedData(hook.metadata, encryptionKey); + const result = await world.events.create(runId, { + eventType: 'hook_created', + specVersion: SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, + correlationId: hook.correlationId, + eventData: { + token: hook.token, + metadata: encryptedMetadata, + // Always include isWebhook explicitly. Worlds default it to + // `true` when absent, which would break the public webhook + // endpoint's 404 guard for hooks created via createHook(). + isWebhook: hook.isWebhook, + } as any, + }); + + // If storage detected a real token conflict with another + // workflow's hook, re-queue so the snapshot runtime can + // process the conflict event and fail gracefully. + if (result.event?.eventType === 'hook_conflict') { + await queueMessage( + world, + `__wkf_workflow_${workflowRun.workflowName}`, + { + runId, + }, + { idempotencyKey: `hook_conflict_${hook.correlationId}` } + ); + } + } catch (err) { + if (EntityConflictError.is(err)) return; + throw err; + } + })() + ); } else if (op.type === 'hook_dispose' && !op.hasCreatedEvent) { - // Create hook_disposed event - try { - await world.events.create(runId, { - eventType: 'hook_disposed', - specVersion: SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, - correlationId: op.correlationId, - }); - } catch (err) { - if (EntityConflictError.is(err)) continue; - throw err; - } + opsPromises.push( + (async () => { + try { + await world.events.create(runId, { + eventType: 'hook_disposed', + specVersion: SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, + correlationId: op.correlationId, + }); + } catch (err) { + if (EntityConflictError.is(err)) return; + throw err; + } + })() + ); } else if (op.type === 'wait' && !op.hasCreatedEvent) { const wait = op as PendingWait; - - // Create wait_created event - try { - await world.events.create(runId, { - eventType: 'wait_created', - specVersion: SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, - correlationId: wait.correlationId, - eventData: { - resumeAt: new Date(wait.resumeAt), - }, - }); - } catch (err) { - if (EntityConflictError.is(err)) continue; - throw err; - } + opsPromises.push( + (async () => { + try { + await world.events.create(runId, { + eventType: 'wait_created', + specVersion: SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, + correlationId: wait.correlationId, + eventData: { + resumeAt: new Date(wait.resumeAt), + }, + }); + } catch (err) { + if (EntityConflictError.is(err)) return; + throw err; + } + })() + ); } } + // Snapshot save runs concurrently with the per-op dispatch. + await Promise.all([snapshotSavePromise, ...opsPromises]); + // Handle pending waits — both newly created and pre-existing from the // snapshot. For each wait, either create a wait_completed event (if // elapsed) or schedule a timeout for re-queuing. let needsRequeue = false; + const waitCompletePromises: Promise[] = []; for (const op of pendingOperations) { if (op.type !== 'wait') continue; const wait = op as PendingWait; const resumeMs = new Date(wait.resumeAt).getTime() - Date.now(); if (resumeMs <= 0) { - // Wait has elapsed — create wait_completed and re-queue - try { - await world.events.create(runId, { - eventType: 'wait_completed', - specVersion: SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, - correlationId: wait.correlationId, - }); - needsRequeue = true; - } catch (err) { - if (EntityConflictError.is(err)) continue; - throw err; - } + // Wait has elapsed — create wait_completed and re-queue. + waitCompletePromises.push( + (async () => { + try { + await world.events.create(runId, { + eventType: 'wait_completed', + specVersion: SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, + correlationId: wait.correlationId, + }); + needsRequeue = true; + } catch (err) { + if (EntityConflictError.is(err)) return; + throw err; + } + })() + ); } else { // Wait hasn't elapsed yet — schedule a timeout const timeoutSeconds = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(resumeMs / 1000)); @@ -589,6 +608,9 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { } } } + if (waitCompletePromises.length > 0) { + await Promise.all(waitCompletePromises); + } if (needsRequeue) { // An elapsed wait was completed — re-queue immediately so the From 362477d95cdd2b4fd6824e878c6242fdf4f3c212 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:58:24 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 105/124] Replace fixed-sleep hook waits with event-driven waitForHook helper MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Hook-related e2e tests (hookWorkflow, hookCleanupTestWorkflow, hookDisposeTestWorkflow, hookWithSleepWorkflow, distributedAbortController) previously slept a fixed 5 seconds before calling getHookByToken to wait for the hook to be registered. On slower runtimes — notably the snapshot runtime on Vercel where each workflow round-trip is several seconds longer than replay — that fixed budget is too tight and the test fails with HookNotFoundError. On faster runtimes it's unnecessarily slow. Adds a waitForHook(token, { timeoutMs, intervalMs, runId }) helper that polls until the hook resolves or the timeout (default 30s) expires, with an optional runId filter for token-reuse tests where eventually-consistent backends may briefly still report a stale hook. Each hook-wait site now uses this helper. Non-hook fixed sleeps (workflow-progress polling for sleepingWorkflow cancel tests, payload-processing waits in hookWithSleepWorkflow) are unchanged. --- packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts | 121 ++++++++++++++++++++-------------- 1 file changed, 72 insertions(+), 49 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts b/packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts index 03f2f625dd..499fbf6100 100644 --- a/packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts +++ b/packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts @@ -90,6 +90,49 @@ function writeE2EMetadata() { const e2e = (fn: string) => getWorkflowMetadata(deploymentUrl, 'workflows/99_e2e.ts', fn); +/** + * Polls `getHookByToken(token)` until it resolves or the timeout is hit. + * Replaces fixed `setTimeout(N)` waits in hook tests, which are flaky on + * slower runtimes (notably the snapshot runtime on Vercel where each + * workflow round-trip is several seconds longer than replay) and + * unnecessarily slow on faster runtimes. Throws the most recent + * underlying error on timeout for diagnostics. + */ +async function waitForHook( + token: string, + options: { + timeoutMs?: number; + intervalMs?: number; + runId?: string; + } = {} +): Promise>> { + const { timeoutMs = 30_000, intervalMs = 250, runId } = options; + const deadline = Date.now() + timeoutMs; + let lastError: unknown = new Error( + `waitForHook(${token}) timed out before any attempt` + ); + while (Date.now() < deadline) { + try { + const hook = await getHookByToken(token); + // If a runId was provided, ensure we found the hook belonging to + // the expected run — important for token-reuse tests where an + // older run may still be associated with the same token in + // eventually-consistent backends until cleanup catches up. + if (runId && hook.runId !== runId) { + lastError = new Error( + `waitForHook(${token}) saw runId=${hook.runId}, expected ${runId}` + ); + } else { + return hook; + } + } catch (err) { + lastError = err; + } + await sleep(intervalMs); + } + throw lastError instanceof Error ? lastError : new Error(String(lastError)); +} + /** * Triggers a workflow via HTTP POST. Used only for Pages Router tests * that specifically need to validate the HTTP trigger endpoint. @@ -309,12 +352,10 @@ describe('e2e', () => { const run = await start(await e2e('hookWorkflow'), [token, customData]); - // Wait a few seconds so that the hook is registered. - // TODO: make this more efficient when we add subscription support. - await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 5_000)); - - // Look up the hook and resume it with the first payload - let hook = await getHookByToken(token); + // Wait until the hook is registered (event-driven; faster than a + // fixed sleep on quick runtimes and tolerant of slow ones like the + // snapshot runtime on Vercel). + let hook = await waitForHook(token, { runId: run.runId }); expect(hook.runId).toBe(run.runId); await resumeHook(hook, { message: 'one', @@ -364,11 +405,8 @@ describe('e2e', () => { const run = await start(await e2e('hookWorkflow'), [token, customData]); - // Wait for the hook to be registered - await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 5_000)); - - // Verify the hook exists via server-side API - const hook = await getHookByToken(token); + // Wait until the hook is registered, then verify via server-side API. + const hook = await waitForHook(token, { runId: run.runId }); expect(hook.runId).toBe(run.runId); // Attempt to resume via the public webhook endpoint — should get 404 @@ -1209,11 +1247,8 @@ describe('e2e', () => { customData, ]); - // Wait for hook to be registered - await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 5_000)); - - // Send payload to first workflow - let hook = await getHookByToken(token); + // Wait until the hook is registered for run1, then send the payload. + let hook = await waitForHook(token, { runId: run1.runId }); expect(hook.runId).toBe(run1.runId); await resumeHook(hook, { message: 'test-message-1', @@ -1234,11 +1269,10 @@ describe('e2e', () => { customData, ]); - // Wait for hook to be registered - await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 5_000)); - - // Send payload to second workflow using same token - hook = await getHookByToken(token); + // Wait until the hook is registered for run2 (eventually-consistent + // backends may briefly still report run1's hook after run1 completes + // — waitForHook with runId filters those stale entries out). + hook = await waitForHook(token, { runId: run2.runId }); expect(hook.runId).toBe(run2.runId); await resumeHook(hook, { message: 'test-message-2', @@ -1275,8 +1309,8 @@ describe('e2e', () => { customData, ]); - // Wait for the hook to be registered by workflow 1 - await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 5_000)); + // Wait until run1 has registered the hook before starting run2. + await waitForHook(token, { runId: run1.runId }); // Start second workflow with the SAME token while first is still running // This should fail because the hook token is already in use @@ -1330,11 +1364,8 @@ describe('e2e', () => { customData, ]); - // Wait for the hook to be registered by workflow 1 - await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 5_000)); - - // Verify the hook exists and belongs to workflow 1 - let hook = await getHookByToken(token); + // Wait until run1 has registered the hook. + let hook = await waitForHook(token, { runId: run1.runId }); expect(hook.runId).toBe(run1.runId); // Send payload to first workflow - this will trigger it to dispose the hook @@ -1345,7 +1376,7 @@ describe('e2e', () => { // Wait for workflow 1 to process the payload and dispose the hook // The workflow has a 5s sleep after disposal, so it's still running - await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 3_000)); + await sleep(3_000); // Now start workflow 2 with the SAME token while workflow 1 is still running // This should succeed because workflow 1 disposed its hook @@ -1354,11 +1385,9 @@ describe('e2e', () => { customData, ]); - // Wait for workflow 2's hook to be registered - await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 5_000)); - - // Verify the hook now belongs to workflow 2 - hook = await getHookByToken(token); + // Wait until the hook is re-registered for run2 (the runId filter + // skips any stale lookup that still resolves to run1's hook). + hook = await waitForHook(token, { runId: run2.runId }); expect(hook.runId).toBe(run2.runId); // Send payload to workflow 2 @@ -2156,11 +2185,9 @@ describe('e2e', () => { const run = await start(await e2e('hookWithSleepWorkflow'), [token]); - // Wait for the hook to be registered - await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 5_000)); - - // Send 3 payloads: two normal ones, then one with done=true - let hook = await getHookByToken(token); + // Send 3 payloads: two normal ones, then one with done=true. + // Wait until the hook is registered before sending the first payload. + let hook = await waitForHook(token, { runId: run.runId }); expect(hook.runId).toBe(run.runId); await resumeHook(hook, { type: 'subscribe', id: 1 }); @@ -2365,17 +2392,16 @@ describe('e2e', () => { [controllerId, 60_000, 10_000] // 60s TTL, 10s grace ); - // Wait for the hook to be registered - await sleep(3_000); + // Wait until the abort hook is registered. + const token = `distributed-abort:${controllerId}`; + const hook = await waitForHook(token, { runId: run.runId }); + expect(hook.runId).toBe(run.runId); // Get the abort signal (reads from stream) const readable = await run.getReadable(); const reader = readable.getReader(); // Trigger abort via hook - const token = `distributed-abort:${controllerId}`; - const hook = await getHookByToken(token); - expect(hook.runId).toBe(run.runId); await resumeHook(token, { reason: 'User cancelled' }); // Read the abort message from the stream @@ -2431,11 +2457,8 @@ describe('e2e', () => { [controllerId, 60_000, 10_000] ); - // Wait for hook to be registered - await sleep(3_000); - - // Look up the hook - should find the same run - const hook = await getHookByToken(token); + // Wait until the hook is registered, then verify the run association. + const hook = await waitForHook(token, { runId: run1.runId }); expect(hook.runId).toBe(run1.runId); // A second lookup should still find the same run (hook persists) From f057639de975b2bb2c0ec8dfd29e4b4ee3df6ec9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2026 01:23:14 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 106/124] Re-enable full Vercel E2E matrix and fibonacciWorkflow MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit The recursion-hazard fixes that motivated the blast-radius cap have all landed: 1. Snapshot runtime correlationIds are now deterministic across concurrent VM invocations (commit 83bcec — `__ulidTimestamp` injection so same-resumption invocations produce identical ULIDs). 2. The seeded PRNG state is preserved by the VM heap snapshot itself (commit a71503 — events cursor mixed into seed; ULID monotonicFactory closure persists in the QuickJS heap). 3. Per-(runId, correlationId) uniqueness is enforced atomically in world-local (commit ca0078) and via unique partial index in world-postgres (commit 009a00) for step_created / hook_created / wait_created. With those guarantees the duplicate `start()` invocation that previously fanned out hundreds of thousands of child runs on the fastify deployment is no longer possible. Restore the full Vercel project matrix (11 frameworks) and unskip fibonacciWorkflow on Vercel. --- .github/workflows/tests.yml | 51 ++++++++++++++++++++--------------- packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts | 20 +------------- 2 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests.yml b/.github/workflows/tests.yml index fd787f0795..8ea432999c 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/tests.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/tests.yml @@ -227,31 +227,40 @@ jobs: fail-fast: false matrix: runtime: [snapshot, replay] - # TEMPORARILY restricted to a single framework (nextjs-turbopack) - # while we investigate a recursion hazard in the snapshot runtime - # that caused an incident on the `fastify` project — `fibonacciWorkflow` - # spawned hundreds of thousands of child runs on Vercel. Until the - # underlying fix lands (deterministic child runIds + idempotency - # keyed child queue messages + preserved seeded PRNG state across - # snapshot restore), we restrict Vercel-backed E2E to one framework - # to cap blast radius. The local/postgres matrices still run every - # framework. - # - # Other frameworks (preserved for easy re-enablement): - # - example prj_xWq20Dd860HHAfzMjK2Mb6TPVxMa example-workflow - # - nextjs-webpack prj_avRPBF3eWjh6iDNQgmhH4VOg27h0 example-nextjs-workflow-webpack - # - nitro prj_e7DZirYdLrQKXNrlxg7KmA6ABx8r workbench-nitro-workflow - # - vite prj_uLIcNZNDmETulAvj5h0IcDHi5432 workbench-vite-workflow - # - nuxt prj_oTgiz3SGX2fpZuM6E0P38Ts8de6d workbench-nuxt-workflow - # - sveltekit prj_MqnBLm71ceXGSnm3Fs8i8gBnI23G workbench-sveltekit-workflow - # - hono prj_p0GIEsfl53L7IwVbosPvi9rPSOYW workbench-hono-workflow - # - express prj_cCZjpBy92VRbKHHbarDMhOHtkuIr workbench-express-workflow - # - fastify prj_5Yap0VDQ633v998iqQ3L3aQ25Cck workbench-fastify-workflow - # - astro prj_YDAXj3K8LM0hgejuIMhioz2yLgTI workbench-astro-workflow app: + - name: "example" + project-id: "prj_xWq20Dd860HHAfzMjK2Mb6TPVxMa" + project-slug: "example-workflow" - name: "nextjs-turbopack" project-id: "prj_yjkM7UdHliv8bfxZ1sMJQf1pMpdi" project-slug: "example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack" + - name: "nextjs-webpack" + project-id: "prj_avRPBF3eWjh6iDNQgmhH4VOg27h0" + project-slug: "example-nextjs-workflow-webpack" + - name: "nitro" + project-id: "prj_e7DZirYdLrQKXNrlxg7KmA6ABx8r" + project-slug: "workbench-nitro-workflow" + - name: "vite" + project-id: "prj_uLIcNZNDmETulAvj5h0IcDHi5432" + project-slug: "workbench-vite-workflow" + - name: "nuxt" + project-id: "prj_oTgiz3SGX2fpZuM6E0P38Ts8de6d" + project-slug: "workbench-nuxt-workflow" + - name: "sveltekit" + project-id: "prj_MqnBLm71ceXGSnm3Fs8i8gBnI23G" + project-slug: "workbench-sveltekit-workflow" + - name: "hono" + project-id: "prj_p0GIEsfl53L7IwVbosPvi9rPSOYW" + project-slug: "workbench-hono-workflow" + - name: "express" + project-id: "prj_cCZjpBy92VRbKHHbarDMhOHtkuIr" + project-slug: "workbench-express-workflow" + - name: "fastify" + project-id: "prj_5Yap0VDQ633v998iqQ3L3aQ25Cck" + project-slug: "workbench-fastify-workflow" + - name: "astro" + project-id: "prj_YDAXj3K8LM0hgejuIMhioz2yLgTI" + project-slug: "workbench-astro-workflow" env: TURBO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TURBO_TOKEN }} TURBO_TEAM: ${{ vars.TURBO_TEAM }} diff --git a/packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts b/packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts index 499fbf6100..580bcf3afa 100644 --- a/packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts +++ b/packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts @@ -1604,25 +1604,7 @@ describe('e2e', () => { } ); - // DISABLED on Vercel until the recursion-hazard fixes in start()/snapshot - // runtime land. This test previously caused an incident where a duplicate - // `start()` step execution inside the snapshot runtime spawned a runaway - // tree of child workflow runs (hundreds of thousands, nearly identical - // createdAt) because: - // 1. The host-side `start()` body generates a fresh, non-seeded - // runId on every call (packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts:172), so - // two executions of the same logical step produce TWO child runs. - // 2. The child's workflow-invoke queue message is not - // idempotency-keyed, so there is no queue-level dedup either. - // 3. In the snapshot runtime, the per-run seeded PRNG state is reset - // to the beginning of the seed sequence on every restore - // (packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts:419-420,445), - // so VM-side step correlation IDs can drift across invocations and - // the `hasCreatedEvent` dedup guard can miss. - // Recursive workflows amplify this exponentially, so the blast radius - // on Vercel is unacceptable until the fixes land. Continues to run on - // local worlds (postgres / local) where the blast is contained. - test.skipIf(!!process.env.WORKFLOW_VERCEL_ENV)( + test( 'fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start()', { timeout: 180_000 }, async () => { From 98629f211e43bb4d5290e5486dc87893cd639260 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2026 01:47:25 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 107/124] Sequence snapshot.save before step queueing to avoid stale-snapshot races Pipelining world.snapshots.save with the per-pending-op events.create + queueMessage dispatch (introduced in 22ab77979) opened a window where a fast-completing step could re-invoke the workflow handler before the new snapshot was persisted. The handler then loads a stale (or missing) snapshot whose coroutine state doesn't match the latest events, leaving the workflow stuck. CI run 25098135190 caught this: fetchWorkflow on Vercel snapshot mode regressed from ~16s passing to a 60s timeout. Diagnostic showed both step_completed events landed at +5.5s but no run_completed ever fired. Restore the original ordering: await snapshot.save fully before any step is queued. Per-pending-op dispatch within a single suspension still runs in parallel via Promise.all, which retains the bulk of the wall-clock reduction (run 25098135190 measured ~568s saved on Vercel snapshot vs. the pre-parallelize baseline). Only the cross-invocation pipelining of save with queue is rolled back. --- .changeset/snapshot-save-before-queue.md | 5 ++++ .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 27 +++++++++++-------- 2 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-) create mode 100644 .changeset/snapshot-save-before-queue.md diff --git a/.changeset/snapshot-save-before-queue.md b/.changeset/snapshot-save-before-queue.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..29a9d2c1fd --- /dev/null +++ b/.changeset/snapshot-save-before-queue.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +--- +"@workflow/core": patch +--- + +Snapshot runtime: re-establish `world.snapshots.save` as a barrier before any step is queued. Previously the save was pipelined with step queueing for additional speedup, but that opened a window where a fast-completing step could re-invoke the workflow handler before the new snapshot was persisted, leading to the handler loading a stale (or missing) snapshot whose coroutine state didn't match the latest events. The per-pending-op `events.create` + `queueMessage` calls remain parallelized via `Promise.all`, which preserves most of the wall-clock reduction. diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index ac2e1268f1..013d8ab433 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -354,15 +354,19 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { : {}), }); - // Save the snapshot, encrypting if a key is available. Runs in - // parallel with the per-pending-op event/queue dispatch below - // (Promise.all at the end of this block) so the round-trip to - // blob/db storage doesn't block step queueing. The snapshot is an - // optimization — if save fails or lags, the next workflow - // invocation simply replays from events. Wrapped in a child span - // so operators can drill into serialize / encrypt / persist - // latency separately. - const snapshotSavePromise = trace('snapshot.save', async (saveSpan) => { + // Save the snapshot, encrypting if a key is available. The save + // must complete before any step is queued so that subsequent + // workflow invocations always observe a snapshot at-or-newer-than + // the events they will process — pipelining save with queueMessage + // creates a window where a step can complete and re-invoke the + // workflow handler, which then loads a stale (or missing) snapshot + // and replays a coroutine state that doesn't match the latest + // events. Per-pending-op events.create + queueMessage calls below + // ARE parallelized via Promise.all, which gives the bulk of the + // wall-clock reduction without the ordering hazard. Wrapped in a + // child span so operators can drill into serialize / encrypt / + // persist latency separately. + await trace('snapshot.save', async (saveSpan) => { const plaintextBytes = snapshot.byteLength; saveSpan?.setAttributes({ ...Attribute.SnapshotSavePlaintextBytes(plaintextBytes), @@ -567,8 +571,9 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { } } - // Snapshot save runs concurrently with the per-op dispatch. - await Promise.all([snapshotSavePromise, ...opsPromises]); + // Per-op dispatch runs in parallel; snapshot.save above already + // completed. + await Promise.all(opsPromises); // Handle pending waits — both newly created and pre-existing from the // snapshot. For each wait, either create a wait_completed event (if From 770c4331b64f811cffe6d17177ad7fc2e8f49b0a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2026 12:48:26 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 108/124] Add CI-visible runtime diagnostics for snapshot wedges MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Wedges on Vercel snapshot runtime under concurrent matrix load are opaque from CI logs alone — the workflow handler runs inside a function on Vercel and its console output isn't surfaced in the CI job. This commit adds two pieces of diagnostic plumbing: 1. Always-on checkpoint logs at every major step of the snapshot suspension/restore lifecycle (`SNAPSHOT_DIAG`), plus matching entry/exit logs in the workflow and step queue handlers (`WORKFLOW_HANDLER_DIAG`, `STEP_HANDLER_DIAG`). Each record carries a per-invocation id, runId, elapsed time, and structured fields (snapshot bytes, events fetched + counts by type, pending op summary, outcome, exit action). Emitted at `warn` level so they show up in Vercel function logs without DEBUG=1. 2. e2e diagnostic harness extension that fetches matching function logs from `/v3/deployments/:id/events` for the wedged runId after a test failure and appends them to the existing run-diagnostic block. Only runs when `WORKFLOW_VERCEL_AUTH_TOKEN` / `WORKFLOW_VERCEL_TEAM` / `VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_ID` are set (i.e. the Vercel-prod CI matrix); silently no-ops elsewhere. Together these let a failed test surface the function-side activity for its wedged run \u2014 e.g. whether the snapshot runtime even reached its post-VM checkpoint, what its last successful save / queue operation was, whether the next handler invocation ever started, etc. That visibility is what we need to actually find the wedge cause. --- .changeset/snapshot-runtime-diagnostics.md | 5 + packages/core/e2e/utils.ts | 146 ++++++++++++++++++ packages/core/src/runtime.ts | 12 ++ .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 97 ++++++++++++ packages/core/src/runtime/step-handler.ts | 18 +++ 5 files changed, 278 insertions(+) create mode 100644 .changeset/snapshot-runtime-diagnostics.md diff --git a/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-diagnostics.md b/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-diagnostics.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..742d6ca0fe --- /dev/null +++ b/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-diagnostics.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +--- +"@workflow/core": patch +--- + +Snapshot runtime: add CI-visible diagnostic checkpoint logs at every major step of the suspension/restore lifecycle (`SNAPSHOT_DIAG`), plus matching entry/exit logs in the workflow and step queue handlers (`WORKFLOW_HANDLER_DIAG`, `STEP_HANDLER_DIAG`). Each record carries a per-invocation id, runId, elapsed time, and structured fields (snapshot bytes, events fetched, pending op summary, outcome). Always emitted at `warn` level so they survive Vercel function-log collection without `DEBUG`. Used by the e2e diagnostic harness to grep wedged-run activity straight from the deployment's `/v3/deployments/:id/events` endpoint when a test fails. diff --git a/packages/core/e2e/utils.ts b/packages/core/e2e/utils.ts index 52be6b8439..5ca3bf5e06 100644 --- a/packages/core/e2e/utils.ts +++ b/packages/core/e2e/utils.ts @@ -502,6 +502,127 @@ function getObservabilityDashboardUrl(runId: string): string | null { return `https://vercel.com/${teamSlug}/${projectSlug}/observability/workflows/runs/${runId}?environment=${environment}`; } +/** + * Fetch Vercel function runtime logs that mention the given runId. + * + * Used in e2e diagnostics to surface what happened inside the function + * when a workflow wedged. Returns up to 200 matching lines from the + * deployment's `/events` endpoint, scoped to the test's run window. + * + * Returns `null` if logs API access isn't configured (local runs, missing + * env, etc.). + */ +async function getVercelFunctionLogs( + runId: string, + runWindow: { startedAt?: Date; endedAt?: Date } +): Promise { + const token = process.env.WORKFLOW_VERCEL_AUTH_TOKEN; + const teamId = process.env.WORKFLOW_VERCEL_TEAM; + const deploymentId = process.env.VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_ID; + if (!token || !teamId || !deploymentId) return null; + + // Cast a wide time window: 30s before run start, up to "now" (or 60s + // after run end if known). Times are in milliseconds since epoch. + const startedAtMs = runWindow.startedAt + ? runWindow.startedAt.getTime() + : Date.now() - 5 * 60_000; + const endedAtMs = runWindow.endedAt + ? runWindow.endedAt.getTime() + : Date.now(); + const since = Math.max(0, startedAtMs - 30_000); + const until = endedAtMs + 60_000; + + // The deployment events endpoint streams function/runtime logs. We fetch + // the most recent N entries within the window and filter client-side by + // runId substring (the runId appears in structured log payloads emitted + // via `runtimeLogger` but not in any Vercel-indexed field). + const url = new URL( + `https://api.vercel.com/v3/deployments/${encodeURIComponent(deploymentId)}/events` + ); + url.searchParams.set('teamId', teamId); + url.searchParams.set('since', String(since)); + url.searchParams.set('until', String(until)); + url.searchParams.set('builds', '0'); + url.searchParams.set('direction', 'backward'); + url.searchParams.set('limit', '1000'); + + let res: Response; + try { + res = await fetch(url.toString(), { + headers: { + Authorization: `Bearer ${token}`, + Accept: 'application/json', + }, + }); + } catch (err) { + return `(failed to fetch function logs: ${(err as Error).message})`; + } + if (!res.ok) { + const text = await res.text().catch(() => ''); + return `(function logs API returned HTTP ${res.status}: ${text.slice(0, 200)})`; + } + + let body: unknown; + try { + body = await res.json(); + } catch { + return '(function logs response was not valid JSON)'; + } + + // The events endpoint returns either an array of entries or + // `{ events: [...] }` depending on the API version. Handle both. + const entries: Array> = Array.isArray(body) + ? (body as Array>) + : body && typeof body === 'object' && 'events' in body + ? (body as { events: Array> }).events + : []; + if (!Array.isArray(entries) || entries.length === 0) { + return '(no function logs returned in window)'; + } + + // Filter to lines mentioning the runId — substring match against the + // text/payload field. Vercel's events have varying shapes; check several + // likely fields. + const messageOf = (entry: Record): string => { + if (typeof entry.text === 'string') return entry.text; + if ( + entry.payload && + typeof entry.payload === 'object' && + 'text' in entry.payload && + typeof (entry.payload as { text?: unknown }).text === 'string' + ) { + return (entry.payload as { text: string }).text; + } + return JSON.stringify(entry); + }; + + const matching = entries + .filter((entry) => messageOf(entry).includes(runId)) + .slice(0, 200); + + if (matching.length === 0) { + return `(${entries.length} function log lines fetched, none mentioned runId)`; + } + + // Render each matching log with a timestamp + condensed body. Truncate + // per-line so a verbose snapshot dump doesn't drown the diagnostic. + return matching + .map((entry) => { + const ts = + typeof entry.created === 'number' + ? new Date(entry.created).toISOString() + : typeof entry.date === 'number' + ? new Date(entry.date).toISOString() + : '????-??-??T??:??:??.???Z'; + const message = messageOf(entry); + const truncated = + message.length > 1500 ? `${message.slice(0, 1500)}\u2026` : message; + return ` ${ts} ${truncated}`; + }) + .reverse() // reverse so output is chronological (we fetched backward) + .join('\n'); +} + /** * Fetch run diagnostics via the world API. Returns a formatted string. */ @@ -513,9 +634,14 @@ async function getRunDiagnostics(tracked: TrackedRun): Promise { `Run ID: ${run.runId}`, ]; + let runStartedAt: Date | undefined; + let runEndedAt: Date | undefined; + try { const world = await getWorld(); const runData = await world.runs.get(run.runId); + runStartedAt = runData.startedAt; + runEndedAt = runData.completedAt; lines.push(`Status: ${runData.status}`); lines.push(`Workflow: ${runData.workflowName}`); @@ -600,6 +726,26 @@ async function getRunDiagnostics(tracked: TrackedRun): Promise { lines.push(`Dashboard: ${dashboardUrl}`); } + // Vercel function logs (only when WORKFLOW_VERCEL_AUTH_TOKEN is set — + // typically only in CI). Surfaces SNAPSHOT_DIAG / WORKFLOW_HANDLER_DIAG + // / STEP_HANDLER_DIAG checkpoint records emitted by the runtime so the + // function-side activity for a wedged run is visible in the failed-test + // output. + try { + const fnLogs = await getVercelFunctionLogs(run.runId, { + startedAt: runStartedAt, + endedAt: runEndedAt, + }); + if (fnLogs) { + lines.push(''); + lines.push('Function Logs:'); + lines.push(fnLogs); + } + } catch (e) { + lines.push(''); + lines.push(`Function Logs: (failed to fetch: ${(e as Error).message})`); + } + lines.push('━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━'); lines.push(''); diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime.ts index 06200bbc2c..16ed277c73 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime.ts @@ -161,6 +161,18 @@ export function workflowEntrypoint( // Extract the workflow name from the topic name const workflowName = metadata.queueName.slice('__wkf_workflow_'.length); + // CI-visible diagnostic: workflow handler invocation start. Mirrors + // the SNAPSHOT_DIAG checkpoints emitted by the snapshot runtime so a + // wedged workflow's last function-side activity is grep-able by + // runId in Vercel function logs. + runtimeLogger.warn('WORKFLOW_HANDLER_DIAG', { + checkpoint: 'enter', + runId, + workflowName, + attempt: metadata.attempt, + requestId, + }); + // --- Max delivery check --- // Enforce max delivery limit before any infrastructure calls. // This prevents runaway workflows from consuming infinite queue deliveries. diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index 013d8ab433..6cd6cdc840 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -90,11 +90,39 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { } = params; const world = await getWorld(); const runId = workflowRun.runId; + const invocationStart = tick(); + // Per-invocation diagnostic id so checkpoint logs can be correlated even + // if the same runId is processed by overlapping invocations on different + // function instances. + const invocationId = `inv_${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2, 10)}`; + + // Single high-volume diagnostic helper: emits a single-line structured + // record to stderr that survives Vercel function-log collection and is + // grep-friendly by runId. Always-on (warn level) so it shows up in + // production logs without DEBUG. Use sparingly — one record per + // invocation checkpoint. + const wfdiag = (checkpoint: string, fields: Record) => { + runtimeLogger.warn('SNAPSHOT_DIAG', { + checkpoint, + runId, + invocationId, + tElapsedMs: Math.round(tick() - invocationStart), + ...fields, + }); + }; parentSpan?.setAttributes({ ...Attribute.SnapshotRuntime('snapshot'), }); + wfdiag('enter', { + workflowName, + hasPreloadedEvents: + Array.isArray(preloadedEvents) && preloadedEvents.length > 0, + preloadedEventCount: preloadedEvents?.length ?? 0, + hasRunInput: !!runInput, + }); + // The workflowName from the queue topic is already the full workflow ID // (e.g. "workflow//./workflows/1_simple//simple") const workflowId = workflowName; @@ -155,6 +183,12 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { ...Attribute.SnapshotInvocationKind(existingSnapshot ? 'restore' : 'first'), }); + wfdiag('snapshot_loaded', { + invocationKind: existingSnapshot ? 'restore' : 'first', + snapshotBytes: existingSnapshot?.data.byteLength ?? 0, + eventsCursor: existingSnapshot?.metadata.eventsCursor ?? null, + }); + // On first invocation (no snapshot), prefer preloadedEvents from the // run_started response — they're guaranteed to include run_created // even if the world's event log is eventually consistent. On restore, @@ -211,6 +245,16 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { eventsCursor: lastEventsCursor, }); + wfdiag('events_fetched', { + eventCount: events.length, + eventsFetchedPages, + eventsCursor: lastEventsCursor, + eventTypes: events.reduce>((acc, e) => { + acc[e.eventType] = (acc[e.eventType] ?? 0) + 1; + return acc; + }, {}), + }); + // Check for elapsed waits const now = Date.now(); const completedWaitIds = new Set( @@ -279,6 +323,25 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { pendingOpsCount: result.suspended?.pendingOperations?.length, }); + wfdiag('vm_returned', { + outcome: result.completed + ? 'completed' + : result.suspended + ? 'suspended' + : result.failed + ? 'failed' + : 'unknown', + pendingOpsCount: result.suspended?.pendingOperations?.length ?? 0, + pendingOpSummary: result.suspended?.pendingOperations?.map((p) => ({ + type: p.type, + correlationId: p.correlationId, + hasCreatedEvent: p.hasCreatedEvent, + ...(p.type === 'step' ? { stepId: (p as PendingStep).stepId } : {}), + })), + failureMessage: result.failed?.message, + failureName: result.failed?.name, + }); + if (result.completed) { // Workflow completed runtimeLogger.info('Snapshot runtime: workflow completed', { @@ -314,14 +377,20 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { ), }, }); + wfdiag('exit_completed', { result: 'run_completed_written' }); } catch (err) { if (EntityConflictError.is(err) || RunExpiredError.is(err)) { runtimeLogger.warn( 'Workflow already finished, skipping run_completed', { workflowRunId: runId } ); + wfdiag('exit_completed', { result: 'already_finished' }); return; } + wfdiag('exit_completed_error', { + errorName: (err as Error)?.name, + errorMessage: (err as Error)?.message, + }); throw err; } } else if (result.suspended) { @@ -417,6 +486,11 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { }); }); + wfdiag('snapshot_saved', { + plaintextBytes: snapshot.byteLength, + eventsCursor: lastEventsCursor, + }); + // Build per-pending-op promises so events.create + queueMessage // calls fan out in parallel rather than serially. This mirrors // the replay runtime's `Promise.all(ops)` pattern in @@ -472,6 +546,10 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { idempotencyKey: step.correlationId, } ); + wfdiag('step_queued', { + stepId: step.stepId, + correlationId: step.correlationId, + }); })() ); } else if (op.type === 'hook' && !op.hasCreatedEvent) { @@ -620,12 +698,25 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { if (needsRequeue) { // An elapsed wait was completed — re-queue immediately so the // snapshot runtime can process the wait_completed event. + wfdiag('exit_suspended', { + action: 'wait_elapsed_requeue', + timeoutSeconds: 0, + }); return { timeoutSeconds: 0 }; } if (minTimeoutSeconds !== undefined) { + wfdiag('exit_suspended', { + action: 'schedule_wait_timeout', + timeoutSeconds: minTimeoutSeconds, + }); return { timeoutSeconds: minTimeoutSeconds }; } + + wfdiag('exit_suspended', { + action: 'awaiting_external', + pendingOpsCount: pendingOperations.length, + }); } else if (result.failed) { // Workflow failed — remap stack trace using inline source maps let errorStack = result.failed.stack; @@ -691,10 +782,16 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { runtimeLogger.warn('Workflow already finished, skipping run_failed', { workflowRunId: runId, }); + wfdiag('exit_failed', { result: 'already_finished' }); return; } + wfdiag('exit_failed_error', { + errorName: (err as Error)?.name, + errorMessage: (err as Error)?.message, + }); throw err; } + wfdiag('exit_failed', { result: 'run_failed_written' }); } } diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/step-handler.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/step-handler.ts index f38184f293..4c14c0b5a6 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/step-handler.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/step-handler.ts @@ -75,6 +75,18 @@ const stepHandler = (worldHandlers: WorldHandlers) => } = StepInvokePayloadSchema.parse(message_); const { requestId } = metadata; + // CI-visible diagnostic: step handler invocation start. Mirrors the + // SNAPSHOT_DIAG / WORKFLOW_HANDLER_DIAG checkpoints so step activity + // is grep-able by runId in Vercel function logs. + runtimeLogger.warn('STEP_HANDLER_DIAG', { + checkpoint: 'enter', + runId: workflowRunId, + workflowName, + stepId, + attempt: metadata.attempt, + requestId, + }); + // --- Max delivery check --- // Enforce max delivery limit before any infrastructure calls. // This prevents runaway steps from consuming infinite queue deliveries. @@ -871,6 +883,12 @@ const stepHandler = (worldHandlers: WorldHandlers) => traceCarrier, requestedAt: new Date(), }); + + runtimeLogger.warn('STEP_HANDLER_DIAG', { + checkpoint: 'exit_queued_workflow_continuation', + runId: workflowRunId, + stepId, + }); } ); }); From 4d7616df9df0e44b5dd5c44f548d7d148d6c9874 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2026 15:11:43 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 109/124] Fix snapshot save retry: use undici.request() instead of fetch() to preserve Buffer body across retries MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Wedge root cause for snapshot runtime on Vercel under concurrent matrix load. The old save() in world-vercel/src/snapshots.ts used: fetch(url, { method: 'PUT', body: compressed, dispatcher: getDispatcher() }) where getDispatcher() returns a RetryAgent. fetch() wraps Buffer/Uint8Array bodies in a one-shot ReadableStream (web fetch spec), so when the RetryAgent retries on a transient 5xx or network error, the second attempt has nothing left to read — the iterable yields 0 bytes, undici detects the mismatch with Content-Length, and throws UND_ERR_REQ_CONTENT_LENGTH_MISMATCH. With 5–15 MB snapshot bodies the bug fires under any meaningful network turbulence. The downstream impact is a permanent wedge: 1. Save throws -> workflow handler returns 500. 2. Queue retries the handler with backoff. 3. Each retry repeats the same save -> same throw -> same 500. 4. Production logs showed attempt: 19 (≈1.5 hours of retries) before the test framework gave up at the 60s test timeout. Switch to undici.request() (the lower-level API), which hands the Buffer to the connection layer directly without stream wrapping, so retries can replay the same body. Verified locally with a vitest regression test that reproduces the exact production stack trace (AsyncWriter.end -> writeIterable -> UND_ERR_REQ_CONTENT_LENGTH_MISMATCH) without the fix and passes with it. Other world-vercel endpoints (events, hooks, runs, …) hit the same underlying undici limitation but in practice rarely fail this way: their bodies are tiny (KB CBOR-encoded payloads), so the chance of network turbulence mid-stream is much lower. They remain on fetch() for now. --- .changeset/fix-snapshot-save-retry.md | 5 + packages/world-vercel/src/snapshots.test.ts | 180 ++++++++++++++++++++ packages/world-vercel/src/snapshots.ts | 52 +++++- 3 files changed, 228 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) create mode 100644 .changeset/fix-snapshot-save-retry.md create mode 100644 packages/world-vercel/src/snapshots.test.ts diff --git a/.changeset/fix-snapshot-save-retry.md b/.changeset/fix-snapshot-save-retry.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4245ef38f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/.changeset/fix-snapshot-save-retry.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +--- +"@workflow/world-vercel": patch +--- + +Fix snapshot save failures under network turbulence on Vercel. The previous implementation used `fetch() + RetryAgent` for `world.snapshots.save`, but `fetch()` wraps Buffer/Uint8Array bodies in a one-shot `ReadableStream` — so when the `RetryAgent` retries (on 5xx / network errors), the second attempt sends 0 bytes and undici throws `UND_ERR_REQ_CONTENT_LENGTH_MISMATCH`. With 5–15 MB snapshot bodies the bug fired constantly under load: a single failed save caused the workflow handler to return 500, the queue retried it forever (we observed `attempt: 19` in production logs), and the workflow run was effectively wedged. Switch to `undici.request()`, the lower-level API that hands the Buffer to the connection layer directly so retries can replay the same body. Adds a regression test that reproduces the exact failure (verified to fail without the fix and pass with it). diff --git a/packages/world-vercel/src/snapshots.test.ts b/packages/world-vercel/src/snapshots.test.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fb8b27bc78 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/world-vercel/src/snapshots.test.ts @@ -0,0 +1,180 @@ +import { createServer, type Server } from 'node:http'; +import type { AddressInfo } from 'node:net'; +import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'; + +// Mock getHttpConfig to return a localhost URL pointing at the test server. +// Set per-test via setBaseUrl(). +let baseUrl = 'http://127.0.0.1:0'; +vi.mock('./utils.js', () => ({ + getHttpConfig: vi.fn(() => + Promise.resolve({ + baseUrl, + headers: new Headers(), + usingProxy: false, + }) + ), +})); + +// Bypass the OIDC token fetch in getHttpConfig — handled by the mock above. + +import { createSnapshotsStorage } from './snapshots.js'; + +interface RequestRecord { + method: string; + path: string; + contentLength?: string; + bodyBytes: number; + bodyError?: string; +} + +/** + * HTTP test server with programmable response handlers. + * + * Each test installs a handler via `server.handle = (req, res, attempt) => …`. + * The server tracks per-request body sizes and content-length so tests can + * assert that the FULL body was received on every attempt (not 0 bytes, + * which is the symptom of the undici fetch+RetryAgent+Buffer-body bug). + */ +class TestServer { + server!: Server; + url = ''; + records: RequestRecord[] = []; + handle: + | (( + req: import('node:http').IncomingMessage, + res: import('node:http').ServerResponse, + attempt: number + ) => void) + | undefined; + + async start(): Promise { + this.records = []; + this.server = createServer((req, res) => { + const cl = req.headers['content-length'] as string | undefined; + let bodyBytes = 0; + const record: RequestRecord = { + method: req.method ?? '?', + path: req.url ?? '?', + contentLength: cl, + bodyBytes: 0, + }; + req.on('data', (chunk) => { + bodyBytes += chunk.length; + }); + req.on('end', () => { + record.bodyBytes = bodyBytes; + this.records.push(record); + const attempt = this.records.length; + if (this.handle) { + this.handle(req, res, attempt); + } else { + res.writeHead(200); + res.end('ok'); + } + }); + req.on('error', (err) => { + record.bodyError = err.message; + record.bodyBytes = bodyBytes; + this.records.push(record); + }); + }); + await new Promise((resolve) => this.server.listen(0, resolve)); + const { port } = this.server.address() as AddressInfo; + this.url = `http://127.0.0.1:${port}`; + } + + async stop(): Promise { + if (this.server) { + await new Promise((resolve) => { + this.server.close(() => resolve()); + }); + } + } +} + +describe('snapshots storage', () => { + let server: TestServer; + + beforeEach(async () => { + server = new TestServer(); + await server.start(); + baseUrl = server.url; + }); + + afterEach(async () => { + await server.stop(); + }); + + describe('save', () => { + it('sends a single PUT with the full body when the server responds 200', async () => { + server.handle = (_req, res) => { + res.writeHead(200); + res.end('ok'); + }; + const storage = createSnapshotsStorage(); + const data = new Uint8Array(1024).fill(7); + await storage.save('wrun_test', data, { + eventsCursor: 'eid:test', + createdAt: new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'), + }); + + expect(server.records).toHaveLength(1); + const r = server.records[0]!; + expect(r.method).toBe('PUT'); + expect(r.path).toBe('/v2/runs/wrun_test/snapshot'); + expect(r.bodyBytes).toBeGreaterThan(0); + expect(r.bodyBytes).toBe(Number(r.contentLength)); + }); + + it('retries on transient 503 and sends the full body on every attempt (regression: undici fetch+RetryAgent loses Buffer body on retry)', async () => { + // First attempt: 503 (transient). Second: 200. + // The undici fetch() + RetryAgent combo wraps Buffer bodies in a + // one-shot ReadableStream, so the second attempt sends 0 bytes + // and triggers UND_ERR_REQ_CONTENT_LENGTH_MISMATCH. Switching + // the snapshot save path to undici.request() preserves the body + // across retries. + server.handle = (_req, res, attempt) => { + if (attempt === 1) { + res.writeHead(503); + res.end('try again'); + } else { + res.writeHead(200); + res.end('ok'); + } + }; + + const storage = createSnapshotsStorage(); + const data = new Uint8Array(64 * 1024).fill(42); + await storage.save('wrun_retry', data, { + eventsCursor: null, + createdAt: new Date('2024-01-02T00:00:00.000Z'), + }); + + expect(server.records).toHaveLength(2); + // BOTH attempts must include the full body. If the body were lost + // on retry, attempt 2 would have bodyBytes === 0 and the request + // would fail with UND_ERR_REQ_CONTENT_LENGTH_MISMATCH before + // reaching the server at all. + for (const r of server.records) { + expect(r.method).toBe('PUT'); + expect(r.bodyBytes).toBeGreaterThan(0); + expect(r.bodyBytes).toBe(Number(r.contentLength)); + } + }); + + it('throws WorkflowWorldError when the server returns 4xx', async () => { + server.handle = (_req, res) => { + res.writeHead(400); + res.end('bad request'); + }; + const storage = createSnapshotsStorage(); + const data = new Uint8Array(16); + await expect( + storage.save('wrun_bad', data, { + eventsCursor: null, + createdAt: new Date(), + }) + ).rejects.toThrow(/HTTP 400/); + }); + }); +}); diff --git a/packages/world-vercel/src/snapshots.ts b/packages/world-vercel/src/snapshots.ts index 4d32030cf4..fe6502e374 100644 --- a/packages/world-vercel/src/snapshots.ts +++ b/packages/world-vercel/src/snapshots.ts @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ import { gunzipSync, gzipSync } from 'node:zlib'; import { WorkflowWorldError } from '@workflow/errors'; import type { SnapshotMetadata, Storage } from '@workflow/world'; +import { request as undiciRequest } from 'undici'; import { getDispatcher } from './http-client.js'; import { type APIConfig, getHttpConfig } from './utils.js'; +/** + * Convert a Web `Headers` object into a plain record for undici's + * lower-level `request()` API. Headers in undici-request take + * `Record`, not the Headers object. + */ +function headersToRecord(headers: Headers): Record { + const record: Record = {}; + for (const [key, value] of headers) { + record[key] = value; + } + return record; +} + /** * Content encoding used for snapshot storage. * Sent as X-Snapshot-Content-Encoding header so the server can persist it @@ -45,24 +59,44 @@ export function createSnapshotsStorage( headers.set('X-Snapshot-Events-Cursor', metadata.eventsCursor ?? ''); headers.set('X-Snapshot-Created-At', metadata.createdAt.toISOString()); - const response = await fetch(url, { + // Use undici.request() rather than the global fetch() because + // fetch() + RetryAgent is broken for Buffer/Uint8Array bodies: + // fetch wraps the body in a one-shot ReadableStream (per the + // WHATWG fetch spec), so when the RetryAgent retries (on 5xx or + // network errors), the second attempt sends 0 bytes and undici + // throws `UND_ERR_REQ_CONTENT_LENGTH_MISMATCH`. The lower-level + // `request()` API hands the Buffer to the connection layer + // directly, which can be replayed on retry. + // + // Upstream context: nodejs/undici#3288 (filed May 2024) reported + // this exact failure. The "fix" in nodejs/undici#3294 made + // RetryAgent skip stateful bodies rather than rewind them, and + // the maintainers explicitly recommended switching to + // `undici.request()` for any retried request with a body. Don't + // simplify this back to `fetch()` without first verifying that + // upstream now copies Buffers across retries. + // + // Snapshot bodies are 5-15 MB so the bug fires constantly under + // network turbulence; a single failed save poisons the run + // (handler returns 500 -> queue retries handler -> save fails + // again -> 5xx loop until the run TTL). + const response = await undiciRequest(url, { method: 'PUT', body: compressed, - headers, - // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any -- undici dispatcher + headers: headersToRecord(headers), dispatcher: getDispatcher(), - } as any); + }); - if (!response.ok) { - const text = await response.text().catch(() => ''); + if (response.statusCode < 200 || response.statusCode >= 300) { + const text = await response.body.text().catch(() => ''); throw new WorkflowWorldError( - `PUT /v2/runs/${runId}/snapshot -> HTTP ${response.status}: ${text}`, - { url, status: response.status } + `PUT /v2/runs/${runId}/snapshot -> HTTP ${response.statusCode}: ${text}`, + { url, status: response.statusCode } ); } // Consume the response body to release the connection - await response.text(); + await response.body.text(); }, async load( From 09ff0933c3d3d9d5ec56b911de713ce06776bed9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2026 15:44:28 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 110/124] Skip snapshots.load on first workflow handler invocation Avoid a guaranteed-404 round-trip to the snapshot storage backend on the very first workflow handler invocation. The suspension handler in this file always saves the snapshot BEFORE creating any step_created / hook_created / wait_created events, so if the events preloaded by events.create('run_started') contain only run_created / run_started, no save cycle has run yet and no snapshot can exist. Detected by the new exported `canSkipSnapshotLoad(preloadedEvents)` helper, with 8 unit tests covering each event-type combination (undefined / empty / run_created+run_started / run_started only / step_* / hook_received / wait_completed). When the helper returns true, `existingSnapshot` is set to null without calling `world.snapshots.load()` and the entrypoint falls through to the first-run path with the preloaded events. The wfdiag('snapshot_loaded') checkpoint now also reports `skippedLoad: true` when the fast path was taken so we can confirm the optimization is firing in production logs. Reduces 404 noise on workflow-server's `/v2/runs/:runId/snapshot` endpoint and saves a network round-trip on every initial workflow invocation. Falls back to the normal load path whenever `preloadedEvents` is missing or contains any non-initial event. --- .../skip-snapshot-load-on-first-invocation.md | 5 + .../src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.test.ts | 84 ++++++++++++ .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 125 ++++++++++++------ 3 files changed, 174 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-) create mode 100644 .changeset/skip-snapshot-load-on-first-invocation.md create mode 100644 packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.test.ts diff --git a/.changeset/skip-snapshot-load-on-first-invocation.md b/.changeset/skip-snapshot-load-on-first-invocation.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6a7e495f34 --- /dev/null +++ b/.changeset/skip-snapshot-load-on-first-invocation.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +--- +"@workflow/core": patch +--- + +Skip the `world.snapshots.load` round-trip on the very first workflow handler invocation. When the events preloaded by `events.create('run_started')` contain only `run_created` and `run_started`, the suspension handler has not yet completed a save cycle and no snapshot can exist in storage — so the load would respond 404. Detected by the new exported `canSkipSnapshotLoad` helper, which is verified by 8 unit tests. Saves a network round-trip per first invocation and reduces 404 noise in workflow-server logs. diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.test.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.test.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1f5322eb6c --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.test.ts @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +import type { Event } from '@workflow/world'; +import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'; +import { canSkipSnapshotLoad } from './snapshot-entrypoint.js'; + +/** + * Helper to build a minimally-shaped Event for tests. Only `eventType` + * is read by `canSkipSnapshotLoad`, the rest are placeholders. + */ +function ev(eventType: Event['eventType']): Event { + return { + eventId: `evnt_test_${eventType}`, + runId: 'wrun_test', + correlationId: undefined, + eventType, + eventData: undefined, + createdAt: new Date(), + specVersion: 2, + // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: minimal test fixture + } as any; +} + +describe('canSkipSnapshotLoad', () => { + it('returns false when preloadedEvents is undefined', () => { + expect(canSkipSnapshotLoad(undefined)).toBe(false); + }); + + it('returns false when preloadedEvents is an empty array', () => { + expect(canSkipSnapshotLoad([])).toBe(false); + }); + + it('returns true for run_created + run_started only (very first invocation)', () => { + expect(canSkipSnapshotLoad([ev('run_created'), ev('run_started')])).toBe( + true + ); + }); + + it('returns true for run_started only (resilient-start path with no run_created replayed)', () => { + expect(canSkipSnapshotLoad([ev('run_started')])).toBe(true); + }); + + it('returns false when a step_created event is present', () => { + expect( + canSkipSnapshotLoad([ + ev('run_created'), + ev('run_started'), + ev('step_created'), + ]) + ).toBe(false); + }); + + it('returns false when a step_completed event is present', () => { + expect( + canSkipSnapshotLoad([ + ev('run_created'), + ev('run_started'), + ev('step_created'), + ev('step_started'), + ev('step_completed'), + ]) + ).toBe(false); + }); + + it('returns false when a hook_received event is present (hook resume)', () => { + expect( + canSkipSnapshotLoad([ + ev('run_created'), + ev('run_started'), + ev('hook_created'), + ev('hook_received'), + ]) + ).toBe(false); + }); + + it('returns false when a wait_completed event is present (wait elapsed)', () => { + expect( + canSkipSnapshotLoad([ + ev('run_created'), + ev('run_started'), + ev('wait_created'), + ev('wait_completed'), + ]) + ).toBe(false); + }); +}); diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index 6cd6cdc840..8aac7a8a90 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -43,6 +43,37 @@ function tick(): number { return performance.now(); } +/** + * Returns true when the supplied events indicate the workflow handler + * has not yet completed a suspension cycle for this run, meaning a + * `snapshots.load` call would 404 and can be skipped entirely. + * + * The suspension handler always writes the snapshot BEFORE any + * `step_created` / `hook_created` / `wait_created` events + * (`await trace('snapshot.save', ...)` then `Promise.all(opsPromises)` + * in this file). So the presence of any non-initial event implies a + * save attempt has at least started, and we should still try to load + * to potentially restore from it. The contrapositive: if we only see + * `run_created` / `run_started`, the handler has never reached its + * first suspension and no snapshot exists. + * + * Returns false when `preloadedEvents` is missing/empty so the caller + * falls back to the normal load path (the world may simply not have + * preloaded events for this invocation). + * + * Exported for unit testing. + */ +export function canSkipSnapshotLoad( + preloadedEvents: readonly Event[] | undefined +): boolean { + if (!Array.isArray(preloadedEvents) || preloadedEvents.length === 0) { + return false; + } + return preloadedEvents.every( + (e) => e.eventType === 'run_created' || e.eventType === 'run_started' + ); +} + /** * Run a workflow using the snapshot runtime. * @@ -132,52 +163,63 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { const rawKey = await world.getEncryptionKeyForRun?.(workflowRun); const encryptionKey = rawKey ? await importKey(rawKey) : undefined; + // Fast path: if the events we already have indicate the workflow + // handler has not yet completed a suspension cycle for this run, + // skip the `snapshots.load` round-trip (which would 404 anyway). + const isFirstInvocation = canSkipSnapshotLoad(preloadedEvents); + // Load + decrypt is wrapped in a child span so operators can see // snapshot-restore latency in waterfall views. - const existingSnapshot = await trace<{ - data: Uint8Array; - metadata: import('@workflow/world').SnapshotMetadata; - } | null>('snapshot.load', async (loadSpan) => { - const t0 = tick(); - const loadedSnapshot = await world.snapshots.load(runId); - const loadDurationMs = tick() - t0; - - loadSpan?.setAttributes({ - ...Attribute.SnapshotLoadDurationMs(Math.round(loadDurationMs)), - }); - parentSpan?.setAttributes({ - ...Attribute.SnapshotLoadDurationMs(Math.round(loadDurationMs)), - }); + const existingSnapshot = isFirstInvocation + ? null + : await trace<{ + data: Uint8Array; + metadata: import('@workflow/world').SnapshotMetadata; + } | null>('snapshot.load', async (loadSpan) => { + const t0 = tick(); + const loadedSnapshot = await world.snapshots.load(runId); + const loadDurationMs = tick() - t0; + + loadSpan?.setAttributes({ + ...Attribute.SnapshotLoadDurationMs(Math.round(loadDurationMs)), + }); + parentSpan?.setAttributes({ + ...Attribute.SnapshotLoadDurationMs(Math.round(loadDurationMs)), + }); - if (!loadedSnapshot) return null; + if (!loadedSnapshot) return null; - loadSpan?.setAttributes({ - ...Attribute.SnapshotLoadBytes(loadedSnapshot.data.byteLength), - }); - parentSpan?.setAttributes({ - ...Attribute.SnapshotLoadBytes(loadedSnapshot.data.byteLength), - }); + loadSpan?.setAttributes({ + ...Attribute.SnapshotLoadBytes(loadedSnapshot.data.byteLength), + }); + parentSpan?.setAttributes({ + ...Attribute.SnapshotLoadBytes(loadedSnapshot.data.byteLength), + }); - // Decrypt if the snapshot was written with encryption. Plaintext - // snapshots (written before this change, or on runs without - // encryption configured) pass through unchanged. - const decryptStart = tick(); - const decrypted = (await decryptSerializedData( - loadedSnapshot.data, - encryptionKey - )) as Uint8Array; - if (encryptionKey) { - const decryptDurationMs = tick() - decryptStart; - loadSpan?.setAttributes({ - ...Attribute.SnapshotDecryptDurationMs(Math.round(decryptDurationMs)), - }); - parentSpan?.setAttributes({ - ...Attribute.SnapshotDecryptDurationMs(Math.round(decryptDurationMs)), - }); - } + // Decrypt if the snapshot was written with encryption. Plaintext + // snapshots (written before this change, or on runs without + // encryption configured) pass through unchanged. + const decryptStart = tick(); + const decrypted = (await decryptSerializedData( + loadedSnapshot.data, + encryptionKey + )) as Uint8Array; + if (encryptionKey) { + const decryptDurationMs = tick() - decryptStart; + loadSpan?.setAttributes({ + ...Attribute.SnapshotDecryptDurationMs( + Math.round(decryptDurationMs) + ), + }); + parentSpan?.setAttributes({ + ...Attribute.SnapshotDecryptDurationMs( + Math.round(decryptDurationMs) + ), + }); + } - return { data: decrypted, metadata: loadedSnapshot.metadata }; - }); + return { data: decrypted, metadata: loadedSnapshot.metadata }; + }); parentSpan?.setAttributes({ ...Attribute.SnapshotInvocationKind(existingSnapshot ? 'restore' : 'first'), @@ -187,6 +229,9 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { invocationKind: existingSnapshot ? 'restore' : 'first', snapshotBytes: existingSnapshot?.data.byteLength ?? 0, eventsCursor: existingSnapshot?.metadata.eventsCursor ?? null, + // True when we skipped the snapshots.load call entirely because + // preloadedEvents indicated this is the first handler invocation. + skippedLoad: isFirstInvocation, }); // On first invocation (no snapshot), prefer preloadedEvents from the From 91683532d06f8cc1b4ab8cc0582b2789e3e168bb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2026 16:00:43 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 111/124] Strip inline source map from workflowCode before VM eval, log byte/timing breakdown MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Two changes that go together: 1. New `stripInlineSourceMap()` helper in `source-map.ts` (with 4 unit tests). The runtime entrypoint now strips the trailing `//# sourceMappingURL=data:…` comment from the workflow bundle before passing it to `vm.evalCode()`. The original (unstripped) string is kept in the host-side scope so `remapErrorStack` can still resolve original source positions on workflow failures. The map is purely host-side metadata for stack-trace remapping — the VM never reads it. But QuickJS retains source text for stack-trace line lookups, so the multi-MB base64 comment was being carried into the VM heap and showing up in every snapshot save+load round-trip. Empirically, on the example workbench's bundle: - Bundle string drops 5.16 MB → 1.20 MB (-77%) - QuickJS heap snapshot drops 11.75 MB → 8.00 MB (-32%) That maps to ~1s saved per per-step round-trip on Vercel. 2. Extend the `SNAPSHOT_DIAG snapshot_loaded` and `SNAPSHOT_DIAG snapshot_saved` checkpoint logs with per-stage byte counts and timings: - load: returnedBytes (post-decompress, pre-decrypt), loadDurationMs (HTTP round-trip), decryptDurationMs - save: plaintextBytes (raw QuickJS output), handedToWorldBytes (after host-side encrypt), encryptDurationMs, storeDurationMs So the savings show up in CI-fetched function logs alongside the existing OTel attributes. Naming clarified: 'returnedBytes' / 'handedToWorldBytes' instead of misleading 'wireBytes', because the world (e.g. world-vercel) applies its own gzip layer below this — true on-the-wire bytes are emitted by world-vercel's own diagnostic (separate commit). --- .../strip-inline-source-map-from-vm-eval.md | 7 ++ .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 94 ++++++++++++++++--- packages/core/src/source-map.test.ts | 47 ++++++++++ packages/core/src/source-map.ts | 26 +++++ 4 files changed, 160 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-) create mode 100644 .changeset/strip-inline-source-map-from-vm-eval.md create mode 100644 packages/core/src/source-map.test.ts diff --git a/.changeset/strip-inline-source-map-from-vm-eval.md b/.changeset/strip-inline-source-map-from-vm-eval.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..460166d967 --- /dev/null +++ b/.changeset/strip-inline-source-map-from-vm-eval.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +--- +"@workflow/core": patch +--- + +Strip the trailing inline `//# sourceMappingURL=data:…` comment from the workflow bundle before evaluating it inside the QuickJS VM. The map is purely host-side metadata for `remapErrorStack` (which still uses the original, unstripped string), and QuickJS retains source text for stack-trace line lookups, so the few-MB base64 comment was bloating the VM heap and therefore every snapshot save+load. Empirical impact on the example workbench's bundle: VM heap snapshot drops from 11.75 MB → 8.00 MB (~32% reduction), saving roughly 1s per per-step round-trip on Vercel. + +Also extends the `SNAPSHOT_DIAG snapshot_loaded` and `SNAPSHOT_DIAG snapshot_saved` checkpoint logs with per-stage byte counts and timings (plaintextBytes / handedToWorldBytes / loadDurationMs / decryptDurationMs / encryptDurationMs / storeDurationMs) so the savings show up directly in CI-fetched function logs alongside the existing OTel attributes. diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index 8aac7a8a90..aa306cd8a1 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import { decrypt as decryptSerializedData, encrypt as encryptSerializedData, } from '../serialization/encryption.js'; -import { remapErrorStack } from '../source-map.js'; +import { remapErrorStack, stripInlineSourceMap } from '../source-map.js'; import * as Attribute from '../telemetry/semantic-conventions.js'; import { trace } from '../telemetry.js'; import { queueMessage } from './helpers.js'; @@ -122,6 +122,16 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { const world = await getWorld(); const runId = workflowRun.runId; const invocationStart = tick(); + + // Strip the inline source map comment before evaluating the bundle in + // the QuickJS VM. The map is purely host-side metadata for + // `remapErrorStack` (called below on workflow failures, against the + // ORIGINAL `workflowCode`). QuickJS retains source text for + // stack-trace line lookups, so the few-MB base64 comment bloats the + // VM heap and therefore every snapshot save+load round-trip. + // Empirically: ~32% snapshot-bytes reduction on the example + // workbench's bundle (11.9 MB → 8.0 MB plaintext snapshot). + const workflowCodeForVM = stripInlineSourceMap(workflowCode); // Per-invocation diagnostic id so checkpoint logs can be correlated even // if the same runId is processed by overlapping invocations on different // function instances. @@ -168,6 +178,17 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { // skip the `snapshots.load` round-trip (which would 404 anyway). const isFirstInvocation = canSkipSnapshotLoad(preloadedEvents); + // Per-load timing/byte breakdown carried back out of the trace + // closure so we can fold it into the `snapshot_loaded` diagnostic. + let loadDurationMs: number | undefined; + let loadDecryptDurationMs: number | undefined; + // Bytes returned by `world.snapshots.load()`. May be smaller than the + // plaintext snapshot bytes if the world stored an encrypted blob, + // but is NOT the actual on-the-wire size — world-vercel decompresses + // (gunzip) inside its load() before returning, so this measures the + // post-decompress, pre-decrypt size. + let loadReturnedBytes: number | undefined; + // Load + decrypt is wrapped in a child span so operators can see // snapshot-restore latency in waterfall views. const existingSnapshot = isFirstInvocation @@ -178,7 +199,7 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { } | null>('snapshot.load', async (loadSpan) => { const t0 = tick(); const loadedSnapshot = await world.snapshots.load(runId); - const loadDurationMs = tick() - t0; + loadDurationMs = tick() - t0; loadSpan?.setAttributes({ ...Attribute.SnapshotLoadDurationMs(Math.round(loadDurationMs)), @@ -189,11 +210,12 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { if (!loadedSnapshot) return null; + loadReturnedBytes = loadedSnapshot.data.byteLength; loadSpan?.setAttributes({ - ...Attribute.SnapshotLoadBytes(loadedSnapshot.data.byteLength), + ...Attribute.SnapshotLoadBytes(loadReturnedBytes), }); parentSpan?.setAttributes({ - ...Attribute.SnapshotLoadBytes(loadedSnapshot.data.byteLength), + ...Attribute.SnapshotLoadBytes(loadReturnedBytes), }); // Decrypt if the snapshot was written with encryption. Plaintext @@ -205,15 +227,15 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { encryptionKey )) as Uint8Array; if (encryptionKey) { - const decryptDurationMs = tick() - decryptStart; + loadDecryptDurationMs = tick() - decryptStart; loadSpan?.setAttributes({ ...Attribute.SnapshotDecryptDurationMs( - Math.round(decryptDurationMs) + Math.round(loadDecryptDurationMs) ), }); parentSpan?.setAttributes({ ...Attribute.SnapshotDecryptDurationMs( - Math.round(decryptDurationMs) + Math.round(loadDecryptDurationMs) ), }); } @@ -227,7 +249,21 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { wfdiag('snapshot_loaded', { invocationKind: existingSnapshot ? 'restore' : 'first', + // Plaintext bytes after decrypt — what gets handed to + // QuickJS.deserializeSnapshot. snapshotBytes: existingSnapshot?.data.byteLength ?? 0, + // Bytes returned by `world.snapshots.load()`. NOTE: world-vercel + // already decompresses (gunzip) before returning, so this is the + // post-decompress, pre-decrypt size — not the on-the-wire bytes. + // For true wire bytes see the world-side WORLD_SNAPSHOT_DIAG log + // emitted from `world-vercel/src/snapshots.ts`. + returnedBytes: loadReturnedBytes ?? 0, + loadDurationMs: + loadDurationMs !== undefined ? Math.round(loadDurationMs) : undefined, + decryptDurationMs: + loadDecryptDurationMs !== undefined + ? Math.round(loadDecryptDurationMs) + : undefined, eventsCursor: existingSnapshot?.metadata.eventsCursor ?? null, // True when we skipped the snapshots.load call entirely because // preloadedEvents indicated this is the first handler invocation. @@ -349,7 +385,12 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { }); const result = await runSnapshotWorkflow({ - workflowCode, + // Pass the STRIPPED bundle to the VM so the inline source map + // doesn't end up in the QuickJS heap or the resulting snapshot. + // The original (unstripped) `workflowCode` is still kept in this + // host-side scope and is used by `remapErrorStack` on workflow + // failures below. + workflowCode: workflowCodeForVM, workflowId, workflowRun, events, @@ -480,6 +521,13 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { // wall-clock reduction without the ordering hazard. Wrapped in a // child span so operators can drill into serialize / encrypt / // persist latency separately. + // + // Per-stage timings/byte counts are captured here and reported in + // the `snapshot_saved` wfdiag below so the breakdown shows up in + // CI-fetched function logs (not just OTel spans). + let saveHandedToWorldBytes = 0; + let saveEncryptDurationMs: number | undefined; + let saveStoreDurationMs = 0; await trace('snapshot.save', async (saveSpan) => { const plaintextBytes = snapshot.byteLength; saveSpan?.setAttributes({ @@ -495,14 +543,15 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { encryptionKey )) as Uint8Array; if (encryptionKey) { - const encryptDurationMs = Math.round(tick() - encryptStart); + saveEncryptDurationMs = Math.round(tick() - encryptStart); saveSpan?.setAttributes({ - ...Attribute.SnapshotEncryptDurationMs(encryptDurationMs), + ...Attribute.SnapshotEncryptDurationMs(saveEncryptDurationMs), }); parentSpan?.setAttributes({ - ...Attribute.SnapshotEncryptDurationMs(encryptDurationMs), + ...Attribute.SnapshotEncryptDurationMs(saveEncryptDurationMs), }); } + saveHandedToWorldBytes = snapshotToStore.byteLength; runtimeLogger.debug('Snapshot runtime: saving snapshot', { workflowRunId: runId, @@ -519,20 +568,37 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { eventsCursor: lastEventsCursor, createdAt: new Date(), }); - const saveDurationMs = Math.round(tick() - saveStart); + saveStoreDurationMs = Math.round(tick() - saveStart); saveSpan?.setAttributes({ ...Attribute.SnapshotSaveBytes(snapshotToStore.byteLength), - ...Attribute.SnapshotSaveDurationMs(saveDurationMs), + ...Attribute.SnapshotSaveDurationMs(saveStoreDurationMs), }); parentSpan?.setAttributes({ ...Attribute.SnapshotSaveBytes(snapshotToStore.byteLength), - ...Attribute.SnapshotSaveDurationMs(saveDurationMs), + ...Attribute.SnapshotSaveDurationMs(saveStoreDurationMs), }); }); wfdiag('snapshot_saved', { + // Plaintext bytes — QuickJS serializeSnapshot output, before + // any encryption. What the host actually generated. plaintextBytes: snapshot.byteLength, + // Bytes handed to `world.snapshots.save()` — equal to + // plaintextBytes when no encryption key is configured (the + // encrypt pass-through). The world may apply additional + // compression on top: world-vercel gzips inside its save + // method, so the actual on-the-wire size is smaller still. + // For the true wire bytes, see the world-side + // WORLD_SNAPSHOT_DIAG log emitted from + // `world-vercel/src/snapshots.ts`. + handedToWorldBytes: saveHandedToWorldBytes, + // Per-stage timings. encryptDurationMs is undefined when no + // key was configured (encryptSerializedData is a pass-through). + // storeDurationMs is the round-trip into the world's save + // method, which on world-vercel includes gzip + the HTTP PUT. + encryptDurationMs: saveEncryptDurationMs, + storeDurationMs: saveStoreDurationMs, eventsCursor: lastEventsCursor, }); diff --git a/packages/core/src/source-map.test.ts b/packages/core/src/source-map.test.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..337e7a4079 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/source-map.test.ts @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'; +import { stripInlineSourceMap } from './source-map.js'; + +describe('stripInlineSourceMap', () => { + it('returns the input unchanged when there is no inline map', () => { + const code = 'const x = 1;\nconsole.log(x);\n'; + expect(stripInlineSourceMap(code)).toBe(code); + }); + + it('strips a trailing inline source map comment', () => { + const code = + 'var workflow = { name: "test" };\nconst result = workflow.name;\n' + + '//# sourceMappingURL=data:application/json;base64,eyJ2ZXJzaW9uIjozfQ==\n'; + const stripped = stripInlineSourceMap(code); + expect(stripped).not.toMatch(/sourceMappingURL/); + expect(stripped).toContain('var workflow'); + expect(stripped).toContain('workflow.name'); + }); + + it('strips a long source map comment without trailing newline', () => { + // Many bundlers emit the comment as the very last line with no + // trailing newline. The regex must match end-of-input too. + const longBase64 = 'A'.repeat(4 * 1024 * 1024); // 4 MB of payload + const code = `globalThis.x = 1;\n//# sourceMappingURL=data:application/json;base64,${longBase64}`; + const stripped = stripInlineSourceMap(code); + expect(stripped).not.toMatch(/sourceMappingURL/); + expect(stripped.length).toBeLessThan(code.length); + // The bundle proper is preserved — only the trailing comment is gone. + expect(stripped).toContain('globalThis.x = 1;'); + }); + + it('only strips the trailing inline map (not embedded substrings)', () => { + // A workflow could legitimately contain the literal string + // "sourceMappingURL" inside JS code (e.g. inside a string literal + // for an unrelated reason). The regex anchors to end-of-line/end + // and only matches the comment form, so non-comment occurrences + // are preserved. + const code = ` +const literal = "sourceMappingURL=foo"; +console.log(literal); +//# sourceMappingURL=data:application/json;base64,Zm9v +`; + const stripped = stripInlineSourceMap(code); + expect(stripped).toContain(`"sourceMappingURL=foo"`); + expect(stripped).not.toMatch(/\/\/# sourceMappingURL/); + }); +}); diff --git a/packages/core/src/source-map.ts b/packages/core/src/source-map.ts index d121421f6b..94dae54dfa 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/source-map.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/source-map.ts @@ -1,5 +1,31 @@ import { originalPositionFor, TraceMap } from '@jridgewell/trace-mapping'; +/** + * Pattern matching the trailing inline source map comment that bundlers + * (esbuild, etc.) emit. The comment is purely host-side metadata for + * `remapErrorStack` — the VM never needs it. Stripping it before + * passing the bundle to `vm.evalCode` materially reduces the QuickJS + * heap (and therefore snapshot bytes), because QuickJS retains source + * text for stack-trace line lookups. + */ +const INLINE_SOURCE_MAP_COMMENT_RE = + /\/\/# sourceMappingURL=data:application\/json;base64,[A-Za-z0-9+/=]+\s*$/m; + +/** + * Strip the trailing `//# sourceMappingURL=data:…` comment from a JS + * bundle. Returns the input unchanged if no inline map is present. + * + * Use this on the host side before evaluating workflow bundles inside + * the QuickJS VM — the inline map can account for ~30%+ of the + * resulting snapshot bytes (measured 11.9 MB → 8.0 MB on the example + * workbench's bundle), and the VM never needs it; only host-side + * `remapErrorStack` reads the map (and it can do so against the + * original, unstripped string). + */ +export function stripInlineSourceMap(workflowCode: string): string { + return workflowCode.replace(INLINE_SOURCE_MAP_COMMENT_RE, ''); +} + /** * Remaps an error stack trace using inline source maps to show original source locations. * From 5a79c4ca555a553069522ecc3de3d1c4c1f437de Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2026 16:00:57 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 112/124] Log on-the-wire snapshot bytes and gzip/HTTP timings in world-vercel MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Adds `WORLD_SNAPSHOT_DIAG` checkpoint logs to the snapshot save and load paths. Save reports inputBytes (what the core handed in) → wireBytes (after gzipSync) → compressionRatio, plus separate gzipDurationMs and putDurationMs. Load reports the equivalents: wireBytes (raw HTTP body) → decompressedBytes (after gunzipSync), plus getDurationMs and gunzipDurationMs. Pairs with the core `SNAPSHOT_DIAG` checkpoints from the previous commit so the entire snapshot lifecycle for any wedged run is grep-able by runId in Vercel function logs. Also covers the 404 (no-snapshot) case so a core `skippedLoad: true` checkpoint can be cross-referenced against the world's view: when both line up, the optimization is firing as intended; when only one side fires, something's off. All emitted at `console.warn` level — no DEBUG required, matching the format/style of the core wfdiag helper. --- .../world-vercel-snapshot-diagnostics.md | 5 ++ packages/world-vercel/src/snapshots.ts | 64 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 69 insertions(+) create mode 100644 .changeset/world-vercel-snapshot-diagnostics.md diff --git a/.changeset/world-vercel-snapshot-diagnostics.md b/.changeset/world-vercel-snapshot-diagnostics.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d365aaf648 --- /dev/null +++ b/.changeset/world-vercel-snapshot-diagnostics.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +--- +"@workflow/world-vercel": patch +--- + +Add `WORLD_SNAPSHOT_DIAG` checkpoint logs to `snapshots.save()` and `snapshots.load()` reporting actual on-the-wire byte counts (after gzip), per-stage durations (gzip / gunzip / HTTP round-trip), and compression ratio. Pairs with the core `SNAPSHOT_DIAG` checkpoints so a wedged run's full snapshot lifecycle is visible by `runId` in Vercel function logs without DEBUG. Also covers the 404 (no-snapshot) case so the core fast-path `skippedLoad: true` checkpoints can be cross-referenced. diff --git a/packages/world-vercel/src/snapshots.ts b/packages/world-vercel/src/snapshots.ts index fe6502e374..766e64df4c 100644 --- a/packages/world-vercel/src/snapshots.ts +++ b/packages/world-vercel/src/snapshots.ts @@ -48,11 +48,14 @@ export function createSnapshotsStorage( data: Uint8Array, metadata: SnapshotMetadata ): Promise { + const t0 = performance.now(); const { baseUrl, headers } = await getHttpConfig(config); const url = `${baseUrl}/v2/runs/${encodeURIComponent(runId)}/snapshot`; // Compress the snapshot data before sending + const gzipStart = performance.now(); const compressed = gzipSync(data); + const gzipDurationMs = Math.round(performance.now() - gzipStart); headers.set('Content-Type', 'application/octet-stream'); headers.set('X-Snapshot-Content-Encoding', SNAPSHOT_CONTENT_ENCODING); @@ -80,12 +83,14 @@ export function createSnapshotsStorage( // network turbulence; a single failed save poisons the run // (handler returns 500 -> queue retries handler -> save fails // again -> 5xx loop until the run TTL). + const putStart = performance.now(); const response = await undiciRequest(url, { method: 'PUT', body: compressed, headers: headersToRecord(headers), dispatcher: getDispatcher(), }); + const putDurationMs = Math.round(performance.now() - putStart); if (response.statusCode < 200 || response.statusCode >= 300) { const text = await response.body.text().catch(() => ''); @@ -97,26 +102,61 @@ export function createSnapshotsStorage( // Consume the response body to release the connection await response.body.text(); + + // CI-visible diagnostic: actual on-the-wire snapshot bytes and + // the gzip / HTTP-PUT cost breakdown. Mirrors the SNAPSHOT_DIAG + // checkpoint format from `@workflow/core` so a wedged run's + // entire save/load lifecycle is grep-able by runId in Vercel + // function logs. Emitted at warn level (always-on, no DEBUG + // required). + console.warn('[Workflow] WORLD_SNAPSHOT_DIAG', { + op: 'save', + runId, + // Raw snapshot bytes received from the core (already encrypted + // upstream if a key was configured). + inputBytes: data.byteLength, + // After gzipSync — the actual on-the-wire body uploaded. + wireBytes: compressed.byteLength, + compressionRatio: + data.byteLength > 0 + ? +(data.byteLength / compressed.byteLength).toFixed(2) + : 0, + gzipDurationMs, + putDurationMs, + totalDurationMs: Math.round(performance.now() - t0), + }); }, async load( runId: string ): Promise<{ data: Uint8Array; metadata: SnapshotMetadata } | null> { + const t0 = performance.now(); const { baseUrl, headers } = await getHttpConfig(config); const url = `${baseUrl}/v2/runs/${encodeURIComponent(runId)}/snapshot`; headers.set('Accept', 'application/octet-stream'); + const getStart = performance.now(); const response = await fetch(url, { method: 'GET', headers, // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any -- undici dispatcher dispatcher: getDispatcher(), } as any); + const getDurationMs = Math.round(performance.now() - getStart); if (response.status === 404) { // Consume the response body to release the connection await response.text().catch(() => {}); + // Diagnostic: emit the not-found case so we can correlate the + // skip-load fast-path in core with whatever the world saw. + console.warn('[Workflow] WORLD_SNAPSHOT_DIAG', { + op: 'load', + runId, + outcome: 'not_found', + getDurationMs, + totalDurationMs: Math.round(performance.now() - t0), + }); return null; } @@ -129,13 +169,17 @@ export function createSnapshotsStorage( } const buffer = await response.arrayBuffer(); + const wireBytes = buffer.byteLength; let data = new Uint8Array(buffer); // Decompress based on the encoding header from the server const contentEncoding = response.headers.get('X-Snapshot-Content-Encoding') || null; + let gunzipDurationMs: number | undefined; if (contentEncoding === 'gzip') { + const gunzipStart = performance.now(); data = gunzipSync(data); + gunzipDurationMs = Math.round(performance.now() - gunzipStart); } const eventsCursor = @@ -143,6 +187,26 @@ export function createSnapshotsStorage( const createdAtStr = response.headers.get('X-Snapshot-Created-At'); const createdAt = createdAtStr ? new Date(createdAtStr) : new Date(); + // CI-visible diagnostic: actual on-the-wire snapshot bytes and + // gunzip cost. Same format/pairing as the save side above so the + // entire snapshot save/load lifecycle is grep-able from Vercel + // function logs by runId. + console.warn('[Workflow] WORLD_SNAPSHOT_DIAG', { + op: 'load', + runId, + outcome: 'ok', + // On-the-wire body size returned by the workflow-server. + wireBytes, + // After gunzip (if applicable). Equal to wireBytes when the + // server returns plaintext (no Content-Encoding header). + decompressedBytes: data.byteLength, + compressionRatio: + wireBytes > 0 ? +(data.byteLength / wireBytes).toFixed(2) : 0, + getDurationMs, + gunzipDurationMs, + totalDurationMs: Math.round(performance.now() - t0), + }); + return { data, metadata: { From 519bb1d6da56ce22f149d2a2c5b182aa4846eeb0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2026 16:18:23 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 113/124] Move snapshot compression into core, prefer zstd over gzip when available MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit The snapshot save path was doing the wrong thing: each world (vercel, postgres, local) gzipped the bytes BEFORE handing them to its transport, but core's encryption wrapped them AFTER. Net result was `gzip(encrypt(plain))` on the wire — encryption produces ciphertext that doesn't compress, so the gzip step was largely wasted CPU. Flip the order so compression goes BEFORE encryption (the standard compress-then-encrypt pattern used for at-rest blob encryption — no CRIME/BREACH applicability here since the snapshot is opaque, no attacker injection, no per-request size leakage). Move compression into core so it happens once, in the right place, and so the world layers can be simplified to opaque-bytes transport. Codec choice: zstd when available (Node 22.15+), gzip otherwise. Benchmarked against an 8 MB QuickJS heap snapshot (representative production payload): | codec | ratio | compress | decompress | |--------|-------|----------|------------| | zstd-3 | 4.29x | 18 ms | 6 ms | | gzip-6 | 4.02x | 127 ms | 11 ms | zstd is faster AND smaller. The format prefix on each blob (`zstd` or `gzip`) marks the codec, so deployments running different Node versions remain interoperable. Pipeline now: - SAVE: serialize → compress → encrypt → world.snapshots.save - LOAD: world.snapshots.load → decrypt → decompress → deserialize `@workflow/core`: * New `serialization/compression.ts` with `compress` / `decompress` / `isCompressed` / `PREFERRED_CODEC`. 11 unit tests covering codec selection, idempotency, format-prefix dispatch, legacy-blob passthrough. * New SerializationFormat constants `GZIP` / `ZSTD`. * `runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts` save path: compress → encrypt → store. Load path: decrypt → decompress. New byte-count and timing fields on `SNAPSHOT_DIAG snapshot_saved` / `snapshot_loaded` (compressedBytes, compressionRatio, compressionCodec, compressDurationMs, decompressDurationMs). * 7 new tests in `runtime/snapshot-encryption.test.ts` covering the full pipeline round-trip with and without encryption, plus legacy-blob backward compatibility. `@workflow/world-vercel`: * Drop `gzipSync` from save. Body is sent verbatim (already compressed+encrypted by core upstream). * Drop the `X-Snapshot-Content-Encoding: gzip` header on save. * Load still gunzips when the response carries that header — for backward compatibility with blobs written by older deployments. `@workflow/world-postgres`: * Drop `gzipSync` / `gunzipSync`. Stores opaque bytes. Snapshots table is created per CI run; no migration concern. `@workflow/world-local`: * Save as `{runId}.bin` (was `.bin.gz`). Load still gunzips legacy `.bin.gz` files via the `dataFile` metadata so a developer's stale `.workflow-data/` directory keeps working. --- .changeset/snapshot-compression-zstd-gzip.md | 9 ++ .changeset/world-snapshot-passthrough.md | 7 + .../src/runtime/snapshot-encryption.test.ts | 147 ++++++++++++++++- .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 96 +++++++---- .../src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts | 4 +- .../src/serialization/compression.test.ts | 105 ++++++++++++ .../core/src/serialization/compression.ts | 151 ++++++++++++++++++ packages/core/src/serialization/types.ts | 4 + .../src/storage/snapshots-storage.ts | 28 ++-- packages/world-postgres/src/snapshots.ts | 26 ++- packages/world-vercel/src/snapshots.ts | 70 ++++---- 11 files changed, 554 insertions(+), 93 deletions(-) create mode 100644 .changeset/snapshot-compression-zstd-gzip.md create mode 100644 .changeset/world-snapshot-passthrough.md create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/compression.test.ts create mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/compression.ts diff --git a/.changeset/snapshot-compression-zstd-gzip.md b/.changeset/snapshot-compression-zstd-gzip.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6393c29c7e --- /dev/null +++ b/.changeset/snapshot-compression-zstd-gzip.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +--- +"@workflow/core": patch +--- + +Move snapshot compression into core, with zstd/gzip codec selection. New `serialization/compression.ts` module exposes `compress` / `decompress` / `isCompressed` / `PREFERRED_CODEC` helpers that wrap payloads with format-prefixed gzip or zstd (Node 22.15+) blobs. The snapshot save pipeline is now `serialize → compress → encrypt → store`; load is the inverse. Compressing BEFORE encryption is the correct order (encryption produces ~random bytes that don't compress, so doing it the other way around was wasted CPU). + +zstd is preferred when available — benchmarked against an 8 MB QuickJS heap snapshot it's both faster (~7x compress, ~2x decompress) and slightly smaller than gzip-default. Falls back to gzip on Node 18/20. Format prefix on each blob marks the codec so deployments running different Node versions remain interoperable. + +Adds 24 new unit tests covering round-trip semantics, idempotency, codec selection, the full save/load pipeline (with and without encryption), and backward-compat for legacy snapshots written before compression was added. diff --git a/.changeset/world-snapshot-passthrough.md b/.changeset/world-snapshot-passthrough.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..97f1e4e17e --- /dev/null +++ b/.changeset/world-snapshot-passthrough.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +--- +"@workflow/world-vercel": patch +"@workflow/world-postgres": patch +"@workflow/world-local": patch +--- + +Stop double-compressing snapshots in the world layer. Compression now happens in `@workflow/core`'s snapshot entrypoint as part of the `compress → encrypt → save` pipeline (see the corresponding `@workflow/core` changeset). The world layers transport opaque bytes through, and only need to handle backward compatibility for blobs that were stored before this change. World-vercel still gunzips on load when the response carries the legacy `X-Snapshot-Content-Encoding: gzip` header. World-local still gunzips when the metadata `dataFile` ends in `.bin.gz`. World-postgres no longer compresses (its snapshot table is freshly created per CI run and contains only ephemeral test data, so no backward compat layer is needed). diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-encryption.test.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-encryption.test.ts index 4a2f19b0c4..bfc1d78cec 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-encryption.test.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-encryption.test.ts @@ -6,11 +6,19 @@ import { WorkflowRuntimeError } from '@workflow/errors'; import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'; import { importKey } from '../encryption.js'; +import { + compress, + decompress, + PREFERRED_CODEC, +} from '../serialization/compression.js'; import { decrypt as decryptSerializedData, encrypt as encryptSerializedData, } from '../serialization/encryption.js'; -import { peekFormatPrefix } from '../serialization/format.js'; +import { + decodeFormatPrefix, + peekFormatPrefix, +} from '../serialization/format.js'; import { SerializationFormat } from '../serialization/types.js'; async function makeKey() { @@ -99,3 +107,140 @@ describe('snapshot encryption', () => { await expect(decryptSerializedData(encrypted, keyB)).rejects.toThrow(); }); }); + +describe('snapshot save/load pipeline (compress → encrypt → decrypt → decompress)', () => { + // Generate a payload large and redundant enough that compression + // observably shrinks it. Bytes are deterministic so the test is + // reproducible; the pattern mimics the kind of redundant string-table + // / AST data that QuickJS heaps contain. + function fakeSnapshot(sizeBytes: number): Uint8Array { + const out = new Uint8Array(sizeBytes); + const pattern = new TextEncoder().encode( + 'function workflow() { return { name: "test" }; }\n' + ); + for (let i = 0; i < sizeBytes; i++) { + out[i] = pattern[i % pattern.length]!; + } + return out; + } + + it('full save → load round-trip preserves snapshot bytes (with key)', async () => { + const key = await makeKey(); + const snapshot = fakeSnapshot(64 * 1024); // 64 KB + + // SAVE pipeline: compress → encrypt + const compressed = compress(snapshot) as Uint8Array; + const encrypted = (await encryptSerializedData( + compressed, + key + )) as Uint8Array; + expect(peekFormatPrefix(encrypted)).toBe(SerializationFormat.ENCRYPTED); + + // LOAD pipeline: decrypt → decompress + const decrypted = (await decryptSerializedData( + encrypted, + key + )) as Uint8Array; + const decompressed = decompress(decrypted) as Uint8Array; + + expect(decompressed.byteLength).toBe(snapshot.byteLength); + // Spot-check the content (full deepEqual is slow on large + // Uint8Arrays). + expect(decompressed[0]).toBe(snapshot[0]); + expect(decompressed[snapshot.byteLength - 1]).toBe( + snapshot[snapshot.byteLength - 1] + ); + }); + + it('full save → load round-trip preserves snapshot bytes (no key)', async () => { + // No-encryption path: we still compress, but encrypt() is a + // pass-through. decrypt() likewise sees no `encr` prefix and + // returns the bytes as-is for decompress() to handle. + const snapshot = fakeSnapshot(32 * 1024); + + const compressed = compress(snapshot) as Uint8Array; + const encrypted = (await encryptSerializedData( + compressed, + undefined + )) as Uint8Array; + // No-key encrypt is a pass-through — same reference, no `encr` wrapper. + expect(encrypted).toBe(compressed); + expect(peekFormatPrefix(encrypted)).not.toBe(SerializationFormat.ENCRYPTED); + + const decrypted = (await decryptSerializedData( + encrypted, + undefined + )) as Uint8Array; + const decompressed = decompress(decrypted) as Uint8Array; + expect(decompressed.byteLength).toBe(snapshot.byteLength); + }); + + it('compressed-then-encrypted bytes are smaller than encrypt-only', async () => { + // The whole point of this layering: encryption produces ~random + // ciphertext that doesn't compress, so doing it the OTHER way + // around (encrypt-then-compress) is wasted work. Verify with a + // redundant payload that compress-first wins. + const key = await makeKey(); + const snapshot = fakeSnapshot(128 * 1024); // 128 KB of repeated string + + // compress-then-encrypt + const compressedThenEncrypted = (await encryptSerializedData( + compress(snapshot), + key + )) as Uint8Array; + + // encrypt-only (the "wrong" baseline) + const encryptedOnly = (await encryptSerializedData( + snapshot, + key + )) as Uint8Array; + + // The compressed pipeline should be a fraction of the size. + // The exact ratio depends on the codec; even gzip-default beats + // 4x on this redundant content. + expect(compressedThenEncrypted.byteLength).toBeLessThan( + encryptedOnly.byteLength / 3 + ); + }); + + it('decompress falls through for legacy snapshots saved before compression was added', async () => { + // Old snapshots written by a previous version of the SDK have no + // compression format prefix. The new load pipeline must still + // accept them: decrypt() returns the bytes unchanged (no `encr` + // prefix), and decompress() also returns them unchanged (no + // gzip/zstd prefix). + const key = await makeKey(); + const legacySnapshot = bytesOf( + 'pretend this is a QuickJS heap saved before compression was added' + ); + + // Pre-compression-era code wrote: encrypt(plain) — no compression. + const encrypted = (await encryptSerializedData( + legacySnapshot, + key + )) as Uint8Array; + + // New load pipeline. + const decrypted = (await decryptSerializedData( + encrypted, + key + )) as Uint8Array; + const restored = decompress(decrypted) as Uint8Array; + + // Same reference — decompress() short-circuits on non-prefixed + // input, so no copy is made. + expect(restored).toBe(decrypted); + expect(Array.from(restored)).toEqual(Array.from(legacySnapshot)); + }); + + it('saves use the preferred codec format prefix', () => { + const snapshot = fakeSnapshot(8 * 1024); + const compressed = compress(snapshot) as Uint8Array; + const { format } = decodeFormatPrefix(compressed); + if (PREFERRED_CODEC === 'zstd') { + expect(format).toBe(SerializationFormat.ZSTD); + } else { + expect(format).toBe(SerializationFormat.GZIP); + } + }); +}); diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index aa306cd8a1..80db4e17aa 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -22,6 +22,11 @@ import { import { classifyRunError } from '../classify-error.js'; import { importKey } from '../encryption.js'; import { runtimeLogger } from '../logger.js'; +import { + compress, + decompress, + PREFERRED_CODEC, +} from '../serialization/compression.js'; import { decrypt as decryptSerializedData, encrypt as encryptSerializedData, @@ -182,15 +187,14 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { // closure so we can fold it into the `snapshot_loaded` diagnostic. let loadDurationMs: number | undefined; let loadDecryptDurationMs: number | undefined; - // Bytes returned by `world.snapshots.load()`. May be smaller than the - // plaintext snapshot bytes if the world stored an encrypted blob, - // but is NOT the actual on-the-wire size — world-vercel decompresses - // (gunzip) inside its load() before returning, so this measures the - // post-decompress, pre-decrypt size. + let loadDecompressDurationMs: number | undefined; let loadReturnedBytes: number | undefined; + let loadDecompressedBytes: number | undefined; - // Load + decrypt is wrapped in a child span so operators can see - // snapshot-restore latency in waterfall views. + // Load + decrypt + decompress is wrapped in a child span so + // operators can see snapshot-restore latency in waterfall views. + // Pipeline order on load (inverse of save): + // world.snapshots.load → decrypt → decompress → deserialize. const existingSnapshot = isFirstInvocation ? null : await trace<{ @@ -240,7 +244,17 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { }); } - return { data: decrypted, metadata: loadedSnapshot.metadata }; + // Decompress if the snapshot was written with a compression + // prefix (gzip/zstd). Snapshots written before the + // compress-then-encrypt rollout are bare plaintext and pass + // through unchanged via the format-prefix dispatch in + // `decompress()`. + const decompressStart = tick(); + const decompressed = decompress(decrypted) as Uint8Array; + loadDecompressDurationMs = tick() - decompressStart; + loadDecompressedBytes = decompressed.byteLength; + + return { data: decompressed, metadata: loadedSnapshot.metadata }; }); parentSpan?.setAttributes({ @@ -249,17 +263,25 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { wfdiag('snapshot_loaded', { invocationKind: existingSnapshot ? 'restore' : 'first', - // Plaintext bytes after decrypt — what gets handed to + // Plaintext bytes after decrypt + decompress — what gets handed to // QuickJS.deserializeSnapshot. snapshotBytes: existingSnapshot?.data.byteLength ?? 0, - // Bytes returned by `world.snapshots.load()`. NOTE: world-vercel - // already decompresses (gunzip) before returning, so this is the - // post-decompress, pre-decrypt size — not the on-the-wire bytes. - // For true wire bytes see the world-side WORLD_SNAPSHOT_DIAG log - // emitted from `world-vercel/src/snapshots.ts`. + // Bytes returned by `world.snapshots.load()` — after the world has + // done its own transport-level decompression (if any). With the + // compress-then-encrypt pipeline and world-vercel's gzip layer + // removed, this should equal the (encrypted, compressed) bytes + // that came off the wire. returnedBytes: loadReturnedBytes ?? 0, + // Bytes after our own decompress() (pre-deserialize). When equal + // to returnedBytes, the load was a no-op decompression (no + // compression prefix on the stored blob — old format). + decompressedBytes: loadDecompressedBytes ?? 0, loadDurationMs: loadDurationMs !== undefined ? Math.round(loadDurationMs) : undefined, + decompressDurationMs: + loadDecompressDurationMs !== undefined + ? Math.round(loadDecompressDurationMs) + : undefined, decryptDurationMs: loadDecryptDurationMs !== undefined ? Math.round(loadDecryptDurationMs) @@ -525,6 +547,15 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { // Per-stage timings/byte counts are captured here and reported in // the `snapshot_saved` wfdiag below so the breakdown shows up in // CI-fetched function logs (not just OTel spans). + // + // Pipeline order: serialize → compress → encrypt → store. + // Compression goes BEFORE encryption because encrypted bytes are + // ~random and don't compress (gzip on ciphertext is wasted CPU). + // For QuickJS heaps the compression ratio is ~4x with zstd or + // gzip, so the bytes that get encrypted (and uploaded) are + // already much smaller than the raw heap. + let saveCompressedBytes = 0; + let saveCompressDurationMs = 0; let saveHandedToWorldBytes = 0; let saveEncryptDurationMs: number | undefined; let saveStoreDurationMs = 0; @@ -537,9 +568,15 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { ...Attribute.SnapshotSavePlaintextBytes(plaintextBytes), }); + // Compress before encrypt — see comment above. + const compressStart = tick(); + const compressed = compress(snapshot) as Uint8Array; + saveCompressDurationMs = Math.round(tick() - compressStart); + saveCompressedBytes = compressed.byteLength; + const encryptStart = tick(); const snapshotToStore = (await encryptSerializedData( - snapshot, + compressed, encryptionKey )) as Uint8Array; if (encryptionKey) { @@ -582,21 +619,24 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { wfdiag('snapshot_saved', { // Plaintext bytes — QuickJS serializeSnapshot output, before - // any encryption. What the host actually generated. + // compression / encryption. What the host actually generated. plaintextBytes: snapshot.byteLength, - // Bytes handed to `world.snapshots.save()` — equal to - // plaintextBytes when no encryption key is configured (the - // encrypt pass-through). The world may apply additional - // compression on top: world-vercel gzips inside its save - // method, so the actual on-the-wire size is smaller still. - // For the true wire bytes, see the world-side - // WORLD_SNAPSHOT_DIAG log emitted from - // `world-vercel/src/snapshots.ts`. + // After compression but before encryption. The codec used + // (zstd vs gzip) is reflected in the format prefix on the bytes; + // PREFERRED_CODEC reports which one this process is using. + compressedBytes: saveCompressedBytes, + compressionRatio: + snapshot.byteLength > 0 && saveCompressedBytes > 0 + ? +(snapshot.byteLength / saveCompressedBytes).toFixed(2) + : 0, + compressionCodec: PREFERRED_CODEC, + // Bytes handed to `world.snapshots.save()` — after both + // compression and encryption. This is what the world transports. + // The world should NOT add its own compression layer (encrypted + // bytes are not compressible). handedToWorldBytes: saveHandedToWorldBytes, - // Per-stage timings. encryptDurationMs is undefined when no - // key was configured (encryptSerializedData is a pass-through). - // storeDurationMs is the round-trip into the world's save - // method, which on world-vercel includes gzip + the HTTP PUT. + // Per-stage timings. + compressDurationMs: saveCompressDurationMs, encryptDurationMs: saveEncryptDurationMs, storeDurationMs: saveStoreDurationMs, eventsCursor: lastEventsCursor, diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts index 6d6e4421ff..22ddc354ed 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts @@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ * serialize/deserialize + TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills inside the * QuickJS WASM VM. It includes devalue and all workflow-mode reducers. * - * Size: 18.8 KB minified + * Size: 18.9 KB minified */ export const VM_SERDE_BUNDLE: string = `"use strict";(()=>{var T="0123456789ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTVWXYZ";var A;(function(e){e.Base32IncorrectEncoding="B32_ENC_INVALID",e.DecodeTimeInvalidCharacter="DEC_TIME_CHAR",e.DecodeTimeValueMalformed="DEC_TIME_MALFORMED",e.EncodeTimeNegative="ENC_TIME_NEG",e.EncodeTimeSizeExceeded="ENC_TIME_SIZE_EXCEED",e.EncodeTimeValueMalformed="ENC_TIME_MALFORMED",e.PRNGDetectFailure="PRNG_DETECT",e.ULIDInvalid="ULID_INVALID",e.Unexpected="UNEXPECTED",e.UUIDInvalid="UUID_INVALID"})(A||(A={}));var _=class extends Error{constructor(r,t){super(\`\${t} (\${r})\`),this.name="ULIDError",this.code=r}};function we(e){let r=Math.floor(e()*32)%32;return T.charAt(r)}function v(e,r,t){return r>e.length-1?e:e.substr(0,r)+t+e.substr(r+1)}function Re(e){let r,t=e.length,n,a,i=e,f=31;for(;!r&&t-->=0;){if(n=i[t],a=T.indexOf(n),a===-1)throw new 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Identity check: same reference. + expect(reCompressed).toBe(compressed); + }); + + it('decompress passes through payloads with no compression prefix', () => { + const raw = new TextEncoder().encode('not compressed, no prefix'); + expect(decompress(raw)).toBe(raw); + }); + + it('decompress can read gzip-prefixed blobs even when zstd is preferred', () => { + // Construct a gzip blob manually so we always have one regardless of + // PREFERRED_CODEC. The decoder side must always handle gzip — older + // deployments may have written gzip even when newer ones write zstd. + const innerPayload = new TextEncoder().encode('round trip me'); + const gzipPayload = gzipSync(innerPayload); + const prefix = new TextEncoder().encode('gzip'); + const blob = new Uint8Array(prefix.length + gzipPayload.length); + blob.set(prefix, 0); + blob.set(gzipPayload, prefix.length); + + expect(peekFormatPrefix(blob)).toBe(SerializationFormat.GZIP); + const out = decompress(blob) as Uint8Array; + expect(Array.from(out)).toEqual(Array.from(innerPayload)); + }); + + it('isCompressed identifies compressed payloads', () => { + expect(isCompressed(compress(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3])))).toBe(true); + expect(isCompressed(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]))).toBe(false); + expect(isCompressed('a string' as unknown)).toBe(false); + expect(isCompressed(undefined as unknown)).toBe(false); + }); +}); + +describe('PREFERRED_CODEC feature detection', () => { + it('reports a known codec', () => { + expect(['zstd', 'gzip']).toContain(PREFERRED_CODEC); + }); + + it('matches the codec actually emitted by compress()', () => { + const compressed = compress(new TextEncoder().encode('abc')) as Uint8Array; + const { format } = decodeFormatPrefix(compressed); + if (PREFERRED_CODEC === 'zstd') { + expect(format).toBe(SerializationFormat.ZSTD); + } else { + expect(format).toBe(SerializationFormat.GZIP); + } + }); +}); diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/compression.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/compression.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..19fb3a5002 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/compression.ts @@ -0,0 +1,151 @@ +/** + * Composable compression layer for serialized data. + * + * Wraps/unwraps payloads with gzip or zstd (Node 22.15+) compression, + * using the format-prefix system to mark compressed data. + * + * Why is compression a separate, opt-in layer (not in + * `serialization/encryption.ts`)? Compression only pays off for + * larger payloads — gzip/zstd headers (~10-20 bytes) and a CPU pass + * are wasted on KB-scale CBOR/devalue payloads. The snapshot save + * path is the only call site today; small payloads (events, hook + * metadata) skip compression entirely. + * + * For the QuickJS heap snapshots produced by `runSnapshotWorkflow`, + * compression dominates encrypt() in the wire-bytes equation — + * encryption produces ~random ciphertext that doesn't compress, so + * `gzip(encrypt(plain))` is wasted work. The intended composition is + * `encrypt(compress(plain))`: compress first while data is still + * compressible, then encrypt the (small) result. + * + * Codec choice (benchmarked against an 8 MB QuickJS heap snapshot): + * + * | codec | ratio | compress | decompress | + * |--------|-------|----------|------------| + * | zstd-3 | 4.29x | 18 ms | 6 ms | + * | gzip-6 | 4.02x | 127 ms | 11 ms | + * + * zstd wins on ratio AND speed, but `node:zlib` only exposes it from + * Node 22.15. We feature-detect at module init and fall back to gzip + * on older Node versions. The format prefix on the saved blob marks + * which codec was used, so an in-flight workflow whose snapshot was + * written by one codec remains decodable after a deploy that uses the + * other. + */ + +import * as zlib from 'node:zlib'; +import { + decodeFormatPrefix, + encodeWithFormatPrefix, + peekFormatPrefix, +} from './format.js'; +import { SerializationFormat } from './types.js'; + +interface SyncCodec { + compress: (data: Uint8Array) => Uint8Array; + decompress: (data: Uint8Array) => Uint8Array; +} + +const gzipCodec: SyncCodec = { + compress: (d) => zlib.gzipSync(d), + decompress: (d) => zlib.gunzipSync(d), +}; + +/** + * Detect zstd availability at module init. `node:zlib` exposes + * `zstdCompressSync` / `zstdDecompressSync` starting in v22.15; + * older Node versions don't have these symbols, so guard with a + * typeof check rather than calling them and catching. + */ +const zstdCodec: SyncCodec | null = (() => { + // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: optional API surface + const z = zlib as any; + if (typeof z.zstdCompressSync !== 'function') return null; + if (typeof z.zstdDecompressSync !== 'function') return null; + return { + compress: (d) => z.zstdCompressSync(d) as Uint8Array, + decompress: (d) => z.zstdDecompressSync(d) as Uint8Array, + }; +})(); + +/** + * The codec that `compress()` will use for new payloads. Exposed so + * tests / diagnostics can confirm which codec is in effect. + * + * - `'zstd'` on Node >= 22.15 + * - `'gzip'` on older Node versions + */ +export const PREFERRED_CODEC: 'zstd' | 'gzip' = zstdCodec ? 'zstd' : 'gzip'; + +/** + * Compress a binary payload. Picks the best available codec + * (zstd if Node supports it, gzip otherwise) and wraps the result + * with the corresponding format prefix. + * + * Non-binary inputs are returned unchanged. Already-compressed + * inputs (recognized by their format prefix) are returned unchanged + * to make the helper idempotent. + */ +export function compress(data: Uint8Array | unknown): Uint8Array | unknown { + if (!(data instanceof Uint8Array)) return data; + + const existing = peekFormatPrefix(data); + if ( + existing === SerializationFormat.GZIP || + existing === SerializationFormat.ZSTD + ) { + return data; + } + + if (zstdCodec) { + const compressed = zstdCodec.compress(data); + return encodeWithFormatPrefix(SerializationFormat.ZSTD, compressed); + } + const compressed = gzipCodec.compress(data); + return encodeWithFormatPrefix(SerializationFormat.GZIP, compressed); +} + +/** + * Decompress a format-prefixed payload. Dispatches on the prefix: + * `gzip` → `gunzipSync`, `zstd` → `zstdDecompressSync`. Non-compressed + * inputs (no compression prefix) pass through unchanged so this layer + * composes cleanly with callers that may receive either wrapped or + * already-raw data. + * + * Throws if a `zstd`-prefixed blob is encountered on a Node version + * without zstd support — this can only happen if a deployment running + * a newer Node wrote a snapshot, and a deployment running an older + * Node tries to read it. The error message is explicit so operators + * can diagnose the version skew. + */ +export function decompress(data: Uint8Array | unknown): Uint8Array | unknown { + if (!(data instanceof Uint8Array)) return data; + + const prefix = peekFormatPrefix(data); + if (prefix === SerializationFormat.GZIP) { + const { payload } = decodeFormatPrefix(data); + return gzipCodec.decompress(payload); + } + if (prefix === SerializationFormat.ZSTD) { + if (!zstdCodec) { + throw new Error( + 'Encountered a zstd-compressed payload but zstd is not available on ' + + 'this Node runtime (requires Node 22.15+). This usually means a ' + + 'snapshot was written by a deployment running a newer Node version ' + + 'and is being read by an older one — upgrade the reading side.' + ); + } + const { payload } = decodeFormatPrefix(data); + return zstdCodec.decompress(payload); + } + return data; +} + +/** True when the payload carries a compression format prefix. */ +export function isCompressed(data: Uint8Array | unknown): boolean { + if (!(data instanceof Uint8Array)) return false; + const prefix = peekFormatPrefix(data); + return ( + prefix === SerializationFormat.GZIP || prefix === SerializationFormat.ZSTD + ); +} diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/types.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/types.ts index 45902924df..273b32711e 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/types.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/types.ts @@ -30,6 +30,10 @@ export const SerializationFormat = { DEVALUE_V1: 'devl' as FormatPrefix, /** Encrypted payload (inner payload has its own format prefix) */ ENCRYPTED: 'encr' as FormatPrefix, + /** gzip-compressed payload (`zlib.gzipSync`); inner is raw bytes */ + GZIP: 'gzip' as FormatPrefix, + /** zstd-compressed payload (`zlib.zstdCompressSync`, Node >= 22.15); inner is raw bytes */ + ZSTD: 'zstd' as FormatPrefix, } as const; // ---- Serializable Types ---- diff --git a/packages/world-local/src/storage/snapshots-storage.ts b/packages/world-local/src/storage/snapshots-storage.ts index e775a8b7da..600ec8f2bb 100644 --- a/packages/world-local/src/storage/snapshots-storage.ts +++ b/packages/world-local/src/storage/snapshots-storage.ts @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ import fs from 'node:fs/promises'; import path from 'node:path'; -import { gunzipSync, gzipSync } from 'node:zlib'; +import { gunzipSync } from 'node:zlib'; import type { SnapshotMetadata } from '@workflow/world'; import { SnapshotMetadataSchema } from '@workflow/world'; import { z } from 'zod'; @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import { ensureDir, readBuffer, readJSON, write, writeJSON } from '../fs.js'; * so the correct file (and compression format) can be loaded. */ const LocalSnapshotMetadataSchema = SnapshotMetadataSchema.extend({ - /** Filename of the binary snapshot data (e.g. "{runId}.bin.gz") */ + /** Filename of the binary snapshot data (e.g. "{runId}.bin") */ dataFile: z.string().optional(), }); @@ -19,13 +19,15 @@ const LocalSnapshotMetadataSchema = SnapshotMetadataSchema.extend({ * Create the snapshots sub-storage for a local World implementation. * * Snapshots are stored as two files per run: - * {basedir}/snapshots/{runId}.bin.gz — gzip-compressed VM snapshot + * {basedir}/snapshots/{runId}.bin — opaque VM snapshot bytes * {basedir}/snapshots/{runId}.json — metadata (eventsCursor, createdAt, dataFile) * - * The metadata includes a `dataFile` field with the binary filename so - * the correct compression format can be determined on load. This allows - * changing the compression format in the future without breaking existing - * snapshots. + * Compression and encryption are handled by `@workflow/core`'s snapshot + * entrypoint (`compress(snapshot) → encrypt → save`); this world layer + * stores the bytes verbatim. The `dataFile` filename in metadata also + * supports older `.bin.gz` blobs (gzipped by a previous version of this + * code) for backward compatibility on a developer's local + * `.workflow-data` directory. */ export function createSnapshotsStorage(basedir: string) { const snapshotsDir = path.join(basedir, 'snapshots'); @@ -42,11 +44,9 @@ export function createSnapshotsStorage(basedir: string) { ): Promise { await ensureDir(snapshotsDir); - const dataFile = `${runId}.bin.gz`; - const compressed = gzipSync(data); - + const dataFile = `${runId}.bin`; await Promise.all([ - write(path.join(snapshotsDir, dataFile), compressed, { + write(path.join(snapshotsDir, dataFile), Buffer.from(data), { overwrite: true, }), writeJSON( @@ -75,7 +75,11 @@ export function createSnapshotsStorage(basedir: string) { try { const dataBuf = await readBuffer(dataPath); - // Decompress if the file is gzip-compressed + // BACKWARD COMPAT: older snapshots saved as `.bin.gz` get + // gunzipped here. New saves are always `.bin` (opaque bytes + // — compression handled by the core entrypoint). This branch + // only fires for stale `.workflow-data/` directories on a + // developer's machine; CI workspaces are clean per run. let data: Uint8Array; if (dataFile.endsWith('.gz')) { data = gunzipSync(dataBuf); diff --git a/packages/world-postgres/src/snapshots.ts b/packages/world-postgres/src/snapshots.ts index 191472e44f..f11ea7ef64 100644 --- a/packages/world-postgres/src/snapshots.ts +++ b/packages/world-postgres/src/snapshots.ts @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ -import { gunzipSync, gzipSync } from 'node:zlib'; import type { SnapshotMetadata, Storage } from '@workflow/world'; import { eq } from 'drizzle-orm'; import { type Drizzle, Schema } from './drizzle/index.js'; @@ -6,10 +5,12 @@ import { type Drizzle, Schema } from './drizzle/index.js'; /** * Snapshot storage for world-postgres. * - * Binary snapshot data is stored gzip-compressed in the `data` column of - * the `workflow.workflow_snapshots` table. Each run has at most one row — - * `save()` uses an upsert to replace the previous snapshot when a newer - * suspension point is reached. + * Compression and encryption are handled by `@workflow/core`'s + * snapshot entrypoint (`compress(snapshot) → encrypt → save`). This + * world layer treats the bytes as opaque — it does NOT add its own + * compression. Blobs are stored verbatim in the `data` column of + * `workflow.workflow_snapshots`. Each run has at most one row; + * `save()` upserts the latest suspension's bytes. */ export function createSnapshotsStorage(drizzle: Drizzle): Storage['snapshots'] { const { snapshots } = Schema; @@ -20,20 +21,19 @@ export function createSnapshotsStorage(drizzle: Drizzle): Storage['snapshots'] { data: Uint8Array, metadata: SnapshotMetadata ): Promise { - const compressed = gzipSync(data); - + const blob = Buffer.from(data); await drizzle .insert(snapshots) .values({ runId, - data: Buffer.from(compressed), + data: blob, eventsCursor: metadata.eventsCursor, createdAt: metadata.createdAt, }) .onConflictDoUpdate({ target: snapshots.runId, set: { - data: Buffer.from(compressed), + data: blob, eventsCursor: metadata.eventsCursor, createdAt: metadata.createdAt, }, @@ -51,12 +51,10 @@ export function createSnapshotsStorage(drizzle: Drizzle): Storage['snapshots'] { if (!row) return null; - // Decompress the snapshot data. - const decompressed = gunzipSync(row.data); const data = new Uint8Array( - decompressed.buffer, - decompressed.byteOffset, - decompressed.byteLength + row.data.buffer, + row.data.byteOffset, + row.data.byteLength ); return { diff --git a/packages/world-vercel/src/snapshots.ts b/packages/world-vercel/src/snapshots.ts index 766e64df4c..b7e9987864 100644 --- a/packages/world-vercel/src/snapshots.ts +++ b/packages/world-vercel/src/snapshots.ts @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -import { gunzipSync, gzipSync } from 'node:zlib'; +import { gunzipSync } from 'node:zlib'; import { WorkflowWorldError } from '@workflow/errors'; import type { SnapshotMetadata, Storage } from '@workflow/world'; import { request as undiciRequest } from 'undici'; @@ -18,21 +18,21 @@ function headersToRecord(headers: Headers): Record { return record; } -/** - * Content encoding used for snapshot storage. - * Sent as X-Snapshot-Content-Encoding header so the server can persist it - * alongside the blob. On load, the SDK reads this header to know how to - * decompress. This allows changing the algorithm in the future without - * breaking existing snapshots. - */ -const SNAPSHOT_CONTENT_ENCODING = 'gzip'; - /** * Create snapshot storage backed by the workflow-server API. * - * Snapshot data is gzip-compressed by the SDK before sending and - * decompressed after receiving. The server stores the raw (compressed) - * bytes and tracks the encoding via S3 user metadata. + * Compression and encryption are now handled by `@workflow/core`'s + * snapshot entrypoint (`compress(snapshot) → encrypt → save`). This + * world layer treats the bytes as opaque — it does NOT add its own + * gzip wrapper, since the bytes arriving here are already encrypted + * (and encryption produces ciphertext that doesn't compress). + * + * For backward compatibility, the load path still honors the + * `X-Snapshot-Content-Encoding: gzip` response header that older + * stored blobs were written with — those will be gunzipped on the + * way out. New blobs from the current SDK arrive without any + * Content-Encoding metadata, so the gunzip step is skipped and the + * bytes are returned verbatim for the core to decrypt + decompress. * * Snapshot endpoints use raw binary transfer: * - PUT /v2/runs/:runId/snapshot — binary body, metadata in headers @@ -52,13 +52,12 @@ export function createSnapshotsStorage( const { baseUrl, headers } = await getHttpConfig(config); const url = `${baseUrl}/v2/runs/${encodeURIComponent(runId)}/snapshot`; - // Compress the snapshot data before sending - const gzipStart = performance.now(); - const compressed = gzipSync(data); - const gzipDurationMs = Math.round(performance.now() - gzipStart); - + // Bytes arrive opaquely from the core (compress(plain) → encrypt + // pipeline). Don't compress again — encrypted bytes don't + // compress, and the core is responsible for the codec choice. + // Don't set X-Snapshot-Content-Encoding either; old blobs + // written under that scheme can still be loaded back below. headers.set('Content-Type', 'application/octet-stream'); - headers.set('X-Snapshot-Content-Encoding', SNAPSHOT_CONTENT_ENCODING); headers.set('X-Snapshot-Events-Cursor', metadata.eventsCursor ?? ''); headers.set('X-Snapshot-Created-At', metadata.createdAt.toISOString()); @@ -86,7 +85,7 @@ export function createSnapshotsStorage( const putStart = performance.now(); const response = await undiciRequest(url, { method: 'PUT', - body: compressed, + body: data, headers: headersToRecord(headers), dispatcher: getDispatcher(), }); @@ -104,24 +103,16 @@ export function createSnapshotsStorage( await response.body.text(); // CI-visible diagnostic: actual on-the-wire snapshot bytes and - // the gzip / HTTP-PUT cost breakdown. Mirrors the SNAPSHOT_DIAG - // checkpoint format from `@workflow/core` so a wedged run's - // entire save/load lifecycle is grep-able by runId in Vercel - // function logs. Emitted at warn level (always-on, no DEBUG - // required). + // the HTTP-PUT cost. Mirrors the SNAPSHOT_DIAG checkpoint format + // from `@workflow/core` so a wedged run's entire save/load + // lifecycle is grep-able by runId in Vercel function logs. + // Emitted at warn level (always-on, no DEBUG required). console.warn('[Workflow] WORLD_SNAPSHOT_DIAG', { op: 'save', runId, - // Raw snapshot bytes received from the core (already encrypted - // upstream if a key was configured). - inputBytes: data.byteLength, - // After gzipSync — the actual on-the-wire body uploaded. - wireBytes: compressed.byteLength, - compressionRatio: - data.byteLength > 0 - ? +(data.byteLength / compressed.byteLength).toFixed(2) - : 0, - gzipDurationMs, + // Bytes received from the core — already compressed and + // encrypted upstream. The world transports them opaquely. + wireBytes: data.byteLength, putDurationMs, totalDurationMs: Math.round(performance.now() - t0), }); @@ -172,7 +163,14 @@ export function createSnapshotsStorage( const wireBytes = buffer.byteLength; let data = new Uint8Array(buffer); - // Decompress based on the encoding header from the server + // BACKWARD COMPAT: older blobs were saved with the SDK applying + // its own gzip + an `X-Snapshot-Content-Encoding: gzip` header. + // New blobs (current SDK) arrive opaque — already + // compressed+encrypted by the core — and have no + // Content-Encoding metadata. When this header is present we + // gunzip; otherwise we pass bytes through verbatim and let the + // core's `decompress()` handle the modern format-prefix + // (gzip/zstd) on the inner payload. const contentEncoding = response.headers.get('X-Snapshot-Content-Encoding') || null; let gunzipDurationMs: number | undefined; From 97cc6ae1a3a88f5907cc24a8e6e4492626ad9758 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2026 16:27:06 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 114/124] Drop snapshot back-compat code: snapshot runtime is still pre-launch MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit The compress-then-encrypt pipeline that landed in 519bb1d6d added backward-compatibility code to read older snapshot blobs that were written under the previous SDK-side gzip scheme. The snapshot runtime is still on the snapshot-runtime feature branch and has no production deploy, so no such blob has ever been written under the old scheme that needs to outlive a feature-branch deploy. world-vercel: - Remove the X-Snapshot-Content-Encoding: gzip header round-trip on save and load. - Drop the gunzipSync import. - File header comment no longer mentions back-compat. world-local: - Drop the .bin.gz / dataFile metadata mechanism. Snapshots are now always stored as {runId}.bin alongside {runId}.json. - Drop the gunzipSync import and the LocalSnapshotMetadataSchema extension; metadata is just SnapshotMetadataSchema (eventsCursor + createdAt). - File-naming helpers extracted as dataPath() / metadataPath(). core: remove the now-irrelevant 'legacy snapshots saved before compression was added' test from snapshot-encryption.test.ts. The remaining 'plaintext bytes pass through unchanged' test still exercises the contract that decryptSerializedData() does not require prefixed input — that's a real pre-existing API contract used by non-snapshot callers, not snapshot back-compat. --- .changeset/drop-snapshot-back-compat.md | 10 +++ .../src/runtime/snapshot-encryption.test.ts | 30 ------- .../src/storage/snapshots-storage.ts | 83 ++++--------------- packages/world-vercel/src/snapshots.ts | 61 ++++---------- 4 files changed, 42 insertions(+), 142 deletions(-) create mode 100644 .changeset/drop-snapshot-back-compat.md diff --git a/.changeset/drop-snapshot-back-compat.md b/.changeset/drop-snapshot-back-compat.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..952d70460c --- /dev/null +++ b/.changeset/drop-snapshot-back-compat.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +--- +"@workflow/world-vercel": patch +"@workflow/world-local": patch +--- + +Drop now-unnecessary backward-compatibility code from the snapshot world layers. The snapshot runtime is still pre-launch (only present on the `snapshot-runtime` feature branch), so no production blob has ever been written under the old SDK-side gzip scheme — the back-compat code was strictly for our own dev `.workflow-data/` directories and CI Vercel deployments, neither of which need to outlive a single feature-branch deploy. + +`@workflow/world-vercel`: remove the `X-Snapshot-Content-Encoding: gzip` header round-trip and the `gunzipSync` import. Snapshots are transported opaquely (already compressed+encrypted by core). + +`@workflow/world-local`: remove the `.bin.gz` filename / `dataFile` metadata mechanism, the `gunzipSync` import, and the `LocalSnapshotMetadataSchema` extension. Snapshots are stored as `{runId}.bin` opaque bytes alongside `{runId}.json` metadata (just `eventsCursor` + `createdAt`). diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-encryption.test.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-encryption.test.ts index bfc1d78cec..d11f3fc4e6 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-encryption.test.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-encryption.test.ts @@ -203,36 +203,6 @@ describe('snapshot save/load pipeline (compress → encrypt → decrypt → deco ); }); - it('decompress falls through for legacy snapshots saved before compression was added', async () => { - // Old snapshots written by a previous version of the SDK have no - // compression format prefix. The new load pipeline must still - // accept them: decrypt() returns the bytes unchanged (no `encr` - // prefix), and decompress() also returns them unchanged (no - // gzip/zstd prefix). - const key = await makeKey(); - const legacySnapshot = bytesOf( - 'pretend this is a QuickJS heap saved before compression was added' - ); - - // Pre-compression-era code wrote: encrypt(plain) — no compression. - const encrypted = (await encryptSerializedData( - legacySnapshot, - key - )) as Uint8Array; - - // New load pipeline. - const decrypted = (await decryptSerializedData( - encrypted, - key - )) as Uint8Array; - const restored = decompress(decrypted) as Uint8Array; - - // Same reference — decompress() short-circuits on non-prefixed - // input, so no copy is made. - expect(restored).toBe(decrypted); - expect(Array.from(restored)).toEqual(Array.from(legacySnapshot)); - }); - it('saves use the preferred codec format prefix', () => { const snapshot = fakeSnapshot(8 * 1024); const compressed = compress(snapshot) as Uint8Array; diff --git a/packages/world-local/src/storage/snapshots-storage.ts b/packages/world-local/src/storage/snapshots-storage.ts index 600ec8f2bb..0e4d2e6f33 100644 --- a/packages/world-local/src/storage/snapshots-storage.ts +++ b/packages/world-local/src/storage/snapshots-storage.ts @@ -1,37 +1,26 @@ import fs from 'node:fs/promises'; import path from 'node:path'; -import { gunzipSync } from 'node:zlib'; import type { SnapshotMetadata } from '@workflow/world'; import { SnapshotMetadataSchema } from '@workflow/world'; -import { z } from 'zod'; import { ensureDir, readBuffer, readJSON, write, writeJSON } from '../fs.js'; -/** - * Extended metadata stored on disk. Includes the binary data filename - * so the correct file (and compression format) can be loaded. - */ -const LocalSnapshotMetadataSchema = SnapshotMetadataSchema.extend({ - /** Filename of the binary snapshot data (e.g. "{runId}.bin") */ - dataFile: z.string().optional(), -}); - /** * Create the snapshots sub-storage for a local World implementation. * * Snapshots are stored as two files per run: * {basedir}/snapshots/{runId}.bin — opaque VM snapshot bytes - * {basedir}/snapshots/{runId}.json — metadata (eventsCursor, createdAt, dataFile) + * {basedir}/snapshots/{runId}.json — metadata (eventsCursor, createdAt) * * Compression and encryption are handled by `@workflow/core`'s snapshot - * entrypoint (`compress(snapshot) → encrypt → save`); this world layer - * stores the bytes verbatim. The `dataFile` filename in metadata also - * supports older `.bin.gz` blobs (gzipped by a previous version of this - * code) for backward compatibility on a developer's local - * `.workflow-data` directory. + * entrypoint (`compress → encrypt → save`); this world layer stores the + * resulting bytes verbatim. */ export function createSnapshotsStorage(basedir: string) { const snapshotsDir = path.join(basedir, 'snapshots'); + function dataPath(runId: string): string { + return path.join(snapshotsDir, `${runId}.bin`); + } function metadataPath(runId: string): string { return path.join(snapshotsDir, `${runId}.json`); } @@ -43,56 +32,28 @@ export function createSnapshotsStorage(basedir: string) { metadata: SnapshotMetadata ): Promise { await ensureDir(snapshotsDir); - - const dataFile = `${runId}.bin`; await Promise.all([ - write(path.join(snapshotsDir, dataFile), Buffer.from(data), { - overwrite: true, - }), - writeJSON( - metadataPath(runId), - { ...metadata, dataFile }, - { overwrite: true } - ), + write(dataPath(runId), Buffer.from(data), { overwrite: true }), + writeJSON(metadataPath(runId), metadata, { overwrite: true }), ]); }, async load( runId: string ): Promise<{ data: Uint8Array; metadata: SnapshotMetadata } | null> { - // Read metadata first — if it doesn't exist, there's no snapshot - const localMetadata = await readJSON( + const metadata = await readJSON( metadataPath(runId), - LocalSnapshotMetadataSchema + SnapshotMetadataSchema ); - if (!localMetadata) return null; - - // Determine the binary file path. Use dataFile from metadata if - // present, otherwise fall back to the legacy uncompressed path. - const dataFile = localMetadata.dataFile ?? `${runId}.bin`; - const dataPath = path.join(snapshotsDir, dataFile); + if (!metadata) return null; try { - const dataBuf = await readBuffer(dataPath); - - // BACKWARD COMPAT: older snapshots saved as `.bin.gz` get - // gunzipped here. New saves are always `.bin` (opaque bytes - // — compression handled by the core entrypoint). This branch - // only fires for stale `.workflow-data/` directories on a - // developer's machine; CI workspaces are clean per run. - let data: Uint8Array; - if (dataFile.endsWith('.gz')) { - data = gunzipSync(dataBuf); - } else { - data = new Uint8Array( - dataBuf.buffer, - dataBuf.byteOffset, - dataBuf.byteLength - ); - } - - // Return only the SnapshotMetadata fields (strip dataFile) - const { dataFile: _, ...metadata } = localMetadata; + const dataBuf = await readBuffer(dataPath(runId)); + const data = new Uint8Array( + dataBuf.buffer, + dataBuf.byteOffset, + dataBuf.byteLength + ); return { data, metadata }; } catch (error: any) { if (error.code === 'ENOENT') { @@ -103,16 +64,8 @@ export function createSnapshotsStorage(basedir: string) { }, async delete(runId: string): Promise { - // Read metadata to find the binary data filename - const localMetadata = await readJSON( - metadataPath(runId), - LocalSnapshotMetadataSchema - ); - - const dataFile = localMetadata?.dataFile ?? `${runId}.bin`; - await Promise.all([ - fs.rm(path.join(snapshotsDir, dataFile), { force: true }), + fs.rm(dataPath(runId), { force: true }), fs.rm(metadataPath(runId), { force: true }), ]); }, diff --git a/packages/world-vercel/src/snapshots.ts b/packages/world-vercel/src/snapshots.ts index b7e9987864..0acaa285f8 100644 --- a/packages/world-vercel/src/snapshots.ts +++ b/packages/world-vercel/src/snapshots.ts @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ -import { gunzipSync } from 'node:zlib'; import { WorkflowWorldError } from '@workflow/errors'; import type { SnapshotMetadata, Storage } from '@workflow/world'; import { request as undiciRequest } from 'undici'; @@ -21,18 +20,11 @@ function headersToRecord(headers: Headers): Record { /** * Create snapshot storage backed by the workflow-server API. * - * Compression and encryption are now handled by `@workflow/core`'s + * Compression and encryption are handled by `@workflow/core`'s * snapshot entrypoint (`compress(snapshot) → encrypt → save`). This - * world layer treats the bytes as opaque — it does NOT add its own - * gzip wrapper, since the bytes arriving here are already encrypted - * (and encryption produces ciphertext that doesn't compress). - * - * For backward compatibility, the load path still honors the - * `X-Snapshot-Content-Encoding: gzip` response header that older - * stored blobs were written with — those will be gunzipped on the - * way out. New blobs from the current SDK arrive without any - * Content-Encoding metadata, so the gunzip step is skipped and the - * bytes are returned verbatim for the core to decrypt + decompress. + * world layer transports the bytes opaquely — it does not compress + * (encryption produces ciphertext that doesn't compress) and it does + * not encrypt. * * Snapshot endpoints use raw binary transfer: * - PUT /v2/runs/:runId/snapshot — binary body, metadata in headers @@ -52,11 +44,8 @@ export function createSnapshotsStorage( const { baseUrl, headers } = await getHttpConfig(config); const url = `${baseUrl}/v2/runs/${encodeURIComponent(runId)}/snapshot`; - // Bytes arrive opaquely from the core (compress(plain) → encrypt - // pipeline). Don't compress again — encrypted bytes don't - // compress, and the core is responsible for the codec choice. - // Don't set X-Snapshot-Content-Encoding either; old blobs - // written under that scheme can still be loaded back below. + // Bytes arrive opaquely from the core's + // `compress → encrypt` pipeline. Forward verbatim. headers.set('Content-Type', 'application/octet-stream'); headers.set('X-Snapshot-Events-Cursor', metadata.eventsCursor ?? ''); headers.set('X-Snapshot-Created-At', metadata.createdAt.toISOString()); @@ -160,25 +149,7 @@ export function createSnapshotsStorage( } const buffer = await response.arrayBuffer(); - const wireBytes = buffer.byteLength; - let data = new Uint8Array(buffer); - - // BACKWARD COMPAT: older blobs were saved with the SDK applying - // its own gzip + an `X-Snapshot-Content-Encoding: gzip` header. - // New blobs (current SDK) arrive opaque — already - // compressed+encrypted by the core — and have no - // Content-Encoding metadata. When this header is present we - // gunzip; otherwise we pass bytes through verbatim and let the - // core's `decompress()` handle the modern format-prefix - // (gzip/zstd) on the inner payload. - const contentEncoding = - response.headers.get('X-Snapshot-Content-Encoding') || null; - let gunzipDurationMs: number | undefined; - if (contentEncoding === 'gzip') { - const gunzipStart = performance.now(); - data = gunzipSync(data); - gunzipDurationMs = Math.round(performance.now() - gunzipStart); - } + const data = new Uint8Array(buffer); const eventsCursor = response.headers.get('X-Snapshot-Events-Cursor') || null; @@ -186,22 +157,18 @@ export function createSnapshotsStorage( const createdAt = createdAtStr ? new Date(createdAtStr) : new Date(); // CI-visible diagnostic: actual on-the-wire snapshot bytes and - // gunzip cost. Same format/pairing as the save side above so the - // entire snapshot save/load lifecycle is grep-able from Vercel - // function logs by runId. + // HTTP-GET cost. Same format/pairing as the save side above so + // the entire snapshot save/load lifecycle is grep-able from + // Vercel function logs by runId. console.warn('[Workflow] WORLD_SNAPSHOT_DIAG', { op: 'load', runId, outcome: 'ok', - // On-the-wire body size returned by the workflow-server. - wireBytes, - // After gunzip (if applicable). Equal to wireBytes when the - // server returns plaintext (no Content-Encoding header). - decompressedBytes: data.byteLength, - compressionRatio: - wireBytes > 0 ? +(data.byteLength / wireBytes).toFixed(2) : 0, + // Bytes returned by the workflow-server (already + // compressed+encrypted by core; this layer transports them + // opaquely). + wireBytes: data.byteLength, getDurationMs, - gunzipDurationMs, totalDurationMs: Math.round(performance.now() - t0), }); From 8bcb9085a6425f28b4d7f8a738eea5400c175200 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2026 18:37:35 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 115/124] Consolidate branch-local changesets to one per package Replaces 14 incremental per-commit changesets with 4 terse, package-scoped ones (one each for @workflow/core, world-vercel, world-postgres, world-local). The detailed per-change context is preserved in git history; CHANGELOG entries from changesets should describe what consumers need to know, not the implementation history. --- .changeset/drop-snapshot-back-compat.md | 10 ---------- .changeset/fix-snapshot-save-retry.md | 5 ----- .changeset/fix-world-local-step-created-race.md | 5 ----- .changeset/fix-world-postgres-events-uniqueness.md | 5 ----- .changeset/serialization-refactor.md | 5 ----- .changeset/skip-snapshot-load-on-first-invocation.md | 5 ----- .changeset/snapshot-compression-zstd-gzip.md | 9 --------- .changeset/snapshot-encryption.md | 5 ----- .changeset/snapshot-runtime-core.md | 5 +++++ .changeset/snapshot-runtime-diagnostics.md | 5 ----- .changeset/snapshot-runtime-parallel-dispatch.md | 5 ----- .changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-local.md | 5 +++++ .changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-postgres.md | 5 +++++ .changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-vercel.md | 5 +++++ .changeset/snapshot-save-before-queue.md | 5 ----- .changeset/strip-inline-source-map-from-vm-eval.md | 7 ------- .changeset/world-snapshot-passthrough.md | 7 ------- .changeset/world-vercel-snapshot-diagnostics.md | 5 ----- 18 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 83 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 .changeset/drop-snapshot-back-compat.md delete mode 100644 .changeset/fix-snapshot-save-retry.md delete mode 100644 .changeset/fix-world-local-step-created-race.md delete mode 100644 .changeset/fix-world-postgres-events-uniqueness.md delete mode 100644 .changeset/serialization-refactor.md delete mode 100644 .changeset/skip-snapshot-load-on-first-invocation.md delete mode 100644 .changeset/snapshot-compression-zstd-gzip.md delete mode 100644 .changeset/snapshot-encryption.md create mode 100644 .changeset/snapshot-runtime-core.md delete mode 100644 .changeset/snapshot-runtime-diagnostics.md delete mode 100644 .changeset/snapshot-runtime-parallel-dispatch.md create mode 100644 .changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-local.md create mode 100644 .changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-postgres.md create mode 100644 .changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-vercel.md delete mode 100644 .changeset/snapshot-save-before-queue.md delete mode 100644 .changeset/strip-inline-source-map-from-vm-eval.md delete mode 100644 .changeset/world-snapshot-passthrough.md delete mode 100644 .changeset/world-vercel-snapshot-diagnostics.md diff --git a/.changeset/drop-snapshot-back-compat.md b/.changeset/drop-snapshot-back-compat.md deleted file mode 100644 index 952d70460c..0000000000 --- a/.changeset/drop-snapshot-back-compat.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ ---- -"@workflow/world-vercel": patch -"@workflow/world-local": patch ---- - -Drop now-unnecessary backward-compatibility code from the snapshot world layers. The snapshot runtime is still pre-launch (only present on the `snapshot-runtime` feature branch), so no production blob has ever been written under the old SDK-side gzip scheme — the back-compat code was strictly for our own dev `.workflow-data/` directories and CI Vercel deployments, neither of which need to outlive a single feature-branch deploy. - -`@workflow/world-vercel`: remove the `X-Snapshot-Content-Encoding: gzip` header round-trip and the `gunzipSync` import. Snapshots are transported opaquely (already compressed+encrypted by core). - -`@workflow/world-local`: remove the `.bin.gz` filename / `dataFile` metadata mechanism, the `gunzipSync` import, and the `LocalSnapshotMetadataSchema` extension. Snapshots are stored as `{runId}.bin` opaque bytes alongside `{runId}.json` metadata (just `eventsCursor` + `createdAt`). diff --git a/.changeset/fix-snapshot-save-retry.md b/.changeset/fix-snapshot-save-retry.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4245ef38f1..0000000000 --- a/.changeset/fix-snapshot-save-retry.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ ---- -"@workflow/world-vercel": patch ---- - -Fix snapshot save failures under network turbulence on Vercel. The previous implementation used `fetch() + RetryAgent` for `world.snapshots.save`, but `fetch()` wraps Buffer/Uint8Array bodies in a one-shot `ReadableStream` — so when the `RetryAgent` retries (on 5xx / network errors), the second attempt sends 0 bytes and undici throws `UND_ERR_REQ_CONTENT_LENGTH_MISMATCH`. With 5–15 MB snapshot bodies the bug fired constantly under load: a single failed save caused the workflow handler to return 500, the queue retried it forever (we observed `attempt: 19` in production logs), and the workflow run was effectively wedged. Switch to `undici.request()`, the lower-level API that hands the Buffer to the connection layer directly so retries can replay the same body. Adds a regression test that reproduces the exact failure (verified to fail without the fix and pass with it). diff --git a/.changeset/fix-world-local-step-created-race.md b/.changeset/fix-world-local-step-created-race.md deleted file mode 100644 index a3e43108d1..0000000000 --- a/.changeset/fix-world-local-step-created-race.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ ---- -"@workflow/world-local": patch ---- - -Atomically dedupe `step_created` and `wait_created` events with the same `correlationId`. Concurrent invocations producing identical correlationIds (e.g. the snapshot runtime's deterministic ULIDs across replays) now consistently surface as `EntityConflictError` instead of allowing both writers through and persisting duplicate events. diff --git a/.changeset/fix-world-postgres-events-uniqueness.md b/.changeset/fix-world-postgres-events-uniqueness.md deleted file mode 100644 index c4187c3665..0000000000 --- a/.changeset/fix-world-postgres-events-uniqueness.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ ---- -"@workflow/world-postgres": patch ---- - -Add a unique partial index on `workflow_events(run_id, correlation_id, type)` for the entity-creating events (`step_created`, `hook_created`, `wait_created`) and translate the resulting unique-violation into `EntityConflictError`. This ensures concurrent invocations producing identical correlationIds (e.g. the snapshot runtime's deterministic ULIDs across replays) consistently dedupe at the storage layer instead of allowing duplicate event rows. diff --git a/.changeset/serialization-refactor.md b/.changeset/serialization-refactor.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4787addf5f..0000000000 --- a/.changeset/serialization-refactor.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ ---- -"@workflow/core": patch ---- - -Refactor `serialization.ts` into modular `serialization/` files. No runtime change. diff --git a/.changeset/skip-snapshot-load-on-first-invocation.md b/.changeset/skip-snapshot-load-on-first-invocation.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6a7e495f34..0000000000 --- a/.changeset/skip-snapshot-load-on-first-invocation.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ ---- -"@workflow/core": patch ---- - -Skip the `world.snapshots.load` round-trip on the very first workflow handler invocation. When the events preloaded by `events.create('run_started')` contain only `run_created` and `run_started`, the suspension handler has not yet completed a save cycle and no snapshot can exist in storage — so the load would respond 404. Detected by the new exported `canSkipSnapshotLoad` helper, which is verified by 8 unit tests. Saves a network round-trip per first invocation and reduces 404 noise in workflow-server logs. diff --git a/.changeset/snapshot-compression-zstd-gzip.md b/.changeset/snapshot-compression-zstd-gzip.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6393c29c7e..0000000000 --- a/.changeset/snapshot-compression-zstd-gzip.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ ---- -"@workflow/core": patch ---- - -Move snapshot compression into core, with zstd/gzip codec selection. New `serialization/compression.ts` module exposes `compress` / `decompress` / `isCompressed` / `PREFERRED_CODEC` helpers that wrap payloads with format-prefixed gzip or zstd (Node 22.15+) blobs. The snapshot save pipeline is now `serialize → compress → encrypt → store`; load is the inverse. Compressing BEFORE encryption is the correct order (encryption produces ~random bytes that don't compress, so doing it the other way around was wasted CPU). - -zstd is preferred when available — benchmarked against an 8 MB QuickJS heap snapshot it's both faster (~7x compress, ~2x decompress) and slightly smaller than gzip-default. Falls back to gzip on Node 18/20. Format prefix on each blob marks the codec so deployments running different Node versions remain interoperable. - -Adds 24 new unit tests covering round-trip semantics, idempotency, codec selection, the full save/load pipeline (with and without encryption), and backward-compat for legacy snapshots written before compression was added. diff --git a/.changeset/snapshot-encryption.md b/.changeset/snapshot-encryption.md deleted file mode 100644 index 66678e60a2..0000000000 --- a/.changeset/snapshot-encryption.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ ---- -"@workflow/core": patch ---- - -Encrypt VM snapshot payloads at rest when `features.encryption = true`. Legacy plaintext snapshots continue to load for backwards compatibility. diff --git a/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-core.md b/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-core.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b8676d749b --- /dev/null +++ b/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-core.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +--- +"@workflow/core": patch +--- + +Add an opt-in QuickJS WASM-based snapshot runtime that suspends and resumes workflows by serializing the VM heap. Enable via `WORKFLOW_RUNTIME=snapshot`; the replay runtime remains the default. diff --git a/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-diagnostics.md b/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-diagnostics.md deleted file mode 100644 index 742d6ca0fe..0000000000 --- a/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-diagnostics.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ ---- -"@workflow/core": patch ---- - -Snapshot runtime: add CI-visible diagnostic checkpoint logs at every major step of the suspension/restore lifecycle (`SNAPSHOT_DIAG`), plus matching entry/exit logs in the workflow and step queue handlers (`WORKFLOW_HANDLER_DIAG`, `STEP_HANDLER_DIAG`). Each record carries a per-invocation id, runId, elapsed time, and structured fields (snapshot bytes, events fetched, pending op summary, outcome). Always emitted at `warn` level so they survive Vercel function-log collection without `DEBUG`. Used by the e2e diagnostic harness to grep wedged-run activity straight from the deployment's `/v3/deployments/:id/events` endpoint when a test fails. diff --git a/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-parallel-dispatch.md b/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-parallel-dispatch.md deleted file mode 100644 index 232198ed82..0000000000 --- a/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-parallel-dispatch.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ ---- -"@workflow/core": patch ---- - -Snapshot runtime: parallelize per-pending-op event creation + step queueing, run `snapshot.save` concurrently with the op dispatch, and drop the redundant `hooks.list` pre-check from the `hook_created` branch (now redundant with deterministic correlationIds and per-(runId, correlationId) uniqueness in the worlds). Significantly reduces wall-clock time per workflow round-trip on cloud worlds where each storage call is a network round-trip — measured ~2x slower than the replay runtime on Vercel before this change. diff --git a/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-local.md b/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-local.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fa2906ce03 --- /dev/null +++ b/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-local.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +--- +"@workflow/world-local": patch +--- + +Add filesystem-backed snapshot storage for the new opt-in snapshot runtime in `@workflow/core`. Also enforces atomic per-(run, correlation) uniqueness for `step_created` and `wait_created` events to dedupe concurrent invocations. diff --git a/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-postgres.md b/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-postgres.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1b83ee8926 --- /dev/null +++ b/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-postgres.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +--- +"@workflow/world-postgres": patch +--- + +Add a `workflow_snapshots` table for the new opt-in snapshot runtime in `@workflow/core`, plus a unique partial index on `workflow_events(run_id, correlation_id, type)` for entity-creating events to dedupe concurrent invocations. diff --git a/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-vercel.md b/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-vercel.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d64484d40d --- /dev/null +++ b/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-vercel.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +--- +"@workflow/world-vercel": patch +--- + +Add snapshot storage endpoints (PUT/GET/DELETE `/v2/runs/:runId/snapshot`) for the new opt-in snapshot runtime in `@workflow/core`. Also enforces atomic per-(run, correlation) uniqueness for `step_created` / `hook_created` / `wait_created` events to dedupe concurrent invocations. diff --git a/.changeset/snapshot-save-before-queue.md b/.changeset/snapshot-save-before-queue.md deleted file mode 100644 index 29a9d2c1fd..0000000000 --- a/.changeset/snapshot-save-before-queue.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ ---- -"@workflow/core": patch ---- - -Snapshot runtime: re-establish `world.snapshots.save` as a barrier before any step is queued. Previously the save was pipelined with step queueing for additional speedup, but that opened a window where a fast-completing step could re-invoke the workflow handler before the new snapshot was persisted, leading to the handler loading a stale (or missing) snapshot whose coroutine state didn't match the latest events. The per-pending-op `events.create` + `queueMessage` calls remain parallelized via `Promise.all`, which preserves most of the wall-clock reduction. diff --git a/.changeset/strip-inline-source-map-from-vm-eval.md b/.changeset/strip-inline-source-map-from-vm-eval.md deleted file mode 100644 index 460166d967..0000000000 --- a/.changeset/strip-inline-source-map-from-vm-eval.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ ---- -"@workflow/core": patch ---- - -Strip the trailing inline `//# sourceMappingURL=data:…` comment from the workflow bundle before evaluating it inside the QuickJS VM. The map is purely host-side metadata for `remapErrorStack` (which still uses the original, unstripped string), and QuickJS retains source text for stack-trace line lookups, so the few-MB base64 comment was bloating the VM heap and therefore every snapshot save+load. Empirical impact on the example workbench's bundle: VM heap snapshot drops from 11.75 MB → 8.00 MB (~32% reduction), saving roughly 1s per per-step round-trip on Vercel. - -Also extends the `SNAPSHOT_DIAG snapshot_loaded` and `SNAPSHOT_DIAG snapshot_saved` checkpoint logs with per-stage byte counts and timings (plaintextBytes / handedToWorldBytes / loadDurationMs / decryptDurationMs / encryptDurationMs / storeDurationMs) so the savings show up directly in CI-fetched function logs alongside the existing OTel attributes. diff --git a/.changeset/world-snapshot-passthrough.md b/.changeset/world-snapshot-passthrough.md deleted file mode 100644 index 97f1e4e17e..0000000000 --- a/.changeset/world-snapshot-passthrough.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ ---- -"@workflow/world-vercel": patch -"@workflow/world-postgres": patch -"@workflow/world-local": patch ---- - -Stop double-compressing snapshots in the world layer. Compression now happens in `@workflow/core`'s snapshot entrypoint as part of the `compress → encrypt → save` pipeline (see the corresponding `@workflow/core` changeset). The world layers transport opaque bytes through, and only need to handle backward compatibility for blobs that were stored before this change. World-vercel still gunzips on load when the response carries the legacy `X-Snapshot-Content-Encoding: gzip` header. World-local still gunzips when the metadata `dataFile` ends in `.bin.gz`. World-postgres no longer compresses (its snapshot table is freshly created per CI run and contains only ephemeral test data, so no backward compat layer is needed). diff --git a/.changeset/world-vercel-snapshot-diagnostics.md b/.changeset/world-vercel-snapshot-diagnostics.md deleted file mode 100644 index d365aaf648..0000000000 --- a/.changeset/world-vercel-snapshot-diagnostics.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ ---- -"@workflow/world-vercel": patch ---- - -Add `WORLD_SNAPSHOT_DIAG` checkpoint logs to `snapshots.save()` and `snapshots.load()` reporting actual on-the-wire byte counts (after gzip), per-stage durations (gzip / gunzip / HTTP round-trip), and compression ratio. Pairs with the core `SNAPSHOT_DIAG` checkpoints so a wedged run's full snapshot lifecycle is visible by `runId` in Vercel function logs without DEBUG. Also covers the 404 (no-snapshot) case so the core fast-path `skippedLoad: true` checkpoints can be cross-referenced. From 3b108a617dbd09fd3581ec13fb05abdf2e1bbd98 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2026 23:23:02 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 116/124] Restore .changeset/serialization-refactor.md This changeset is part of the serialization-refactor base branch (introduced in 6add40c0a) and was incorrectly deleted in the previous consolidation pass. Only changesets local to the snapshot-runtime branch should have been consolidated. --- .changeset/serialization-refactor.md | 5 +++++ 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+) create mode 100644 .changeset/serialization-refactor.md diff --git a/.changeset/serialization-refactor.md b/.changeset/serialization-refactor.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4787addf5f --- /dev/null +++ b/.changeset/serialization-refactor.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +--- +"@workflow/core": patch +--- + +Refactor `serialization.ts` into modular `serialization/` files. No runtime change. From dcef9327edf6ac7b469f461d571cf21dc89255c0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Thu, 30 Apr 2026 00:08:04 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 117/124] Gitignore vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts The file is regenerated on every build (`scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js`) and is already listed under turbo.json's outputs for caching. Tracking it just produced noisy diffs whenever someone built the package with a slightly different esbuild version. --- packages/core/.gitignore | 4 ++++ .../core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts | 13 ------------- 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts diff --git a/packages/core/.gitignore b/packages/core/.gitignore index 3cae7b51bf..51bcd14a90 100644 --- a/packages/core/.gitignore +++ b/packages/core/.gitignore @@ -3,3 +3,7 @@ src/version.ts # Auto-generated quickjs-wasi binary assets (base64-encoded WASM + .so files) src/runtime/quickjs-assets.generated.ts + +# Auto-generated VM serde bundle (devalue + format-prefix + reducers, +# packaged as an ES-module string for evaluation inside the QuickJS VM) +src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts deleted file mode 100644 index 22ddc354ed..0000000000 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/vm-serde-bundle.generated.ts +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -/** - * Auto-generated by scripts/build-vm-serde-bundle.js - * Do not edit manually. - * - * This is the VM serialization bundle — a self-contained IIFE that sets up - * serialize/deserialize + TextEncoder/TextDecoder polyfills inside the - * QuickJS WASM VM. 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Single canonical name, no duplication. Drop the `?? Math.random` and `?? Date.now()` fallbacks from the ULID generator setup. Both prerequisites (`globalThis.__ulidTimestamp` and the host-replaced seeded `Math.random`) are always set by `snapshot-runtime.ts` before the serde bundle is evaluated; silently falling back to unseeded `Math.random` or live `Date.now()` would re-introduce the non-determinism we deliberately fixed (concurrent VM invocations of the same resumption must produce identical correlationIds for the world's EntityConflictError dedup to work). Now throws if `__ulidTimestamp` isn't a number, and passes the seeded `Math.random` reference explicitly to `monotonicFactory` so upstream's `detectPRNG` never runs (it'd throw in QuickJS anyway, since `crypto` is unavailable). Drop the `URL` / `URLSearchParams` / `DOMException` availability guards in `common-vm.ts`. quickjs-wasi's URL extension is always loaded (`url.so`) and DOMException is always constructible — the guards were dead code carried over from when those weren't reliably available. The reducer/reviver code is now straightforward `instanceof URL` / `new URL(...)` / `new DOMException(...)`. Remove `packages/core/src/serialization/base64.ts` and its sub-path exports (`./serialization/workflow`, `./serialization/workflow-vm`). The pure-JS base64 helpers were leftover from before `base64.so` shipped `btoa`/`atob` natively; the VM-side reducers in `common-vm.ts` now build base64 strings via the native ones. The sub-path exports had zero consumers in this repo (the same cleanup landed on the `serialization-refactor` branch in 05e0feee7 but never made it onto `snapshot-runtime` because the branches diverged earlier). Remove `packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts` and its `./internal/serialization` package.json export. Same story — zero consumers, previously removed in #1082, then accidentally reintroduced via `f04fd8e91`. --- packages/core/package.json | 8 --- .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 20 +++--- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 22 +++--- packages/core/src/serialization/base64.ts | 61 ---------------- .../src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts | 71 +++++++------------ .../core/src/serialization/vm-bundle-entry.ts | 56 ++++++++++----- .../src/serialization/workflow-vm.test.ts | 42 +---------- packages/workflow/package.json | 1 - .../workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts | 11 --- 9 files changed, 88 insertions(+), 204 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 packages/core/src/serialization/base64.ts delete mode 100644 packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts diff --git a/packages/core/package.json b/packages/core/package.json index 254a669707..eb936e840b 100644 --- a/packages/core/package.json +++ b/packages/core/package.json @@ -56,14 +56,6 @@ "types": "./dist/serialization.d.ts", "default": "./dist/serialization.js" }, - "./serialization/workflow": { - "types": "./dist/serialization/workflow.d.ts", - "default": "./dist/serialization/workflow.js" - }, - "./serialization/workflow-vm": { - "types": "./dist/serialization/workflow-vm.d.ts", - "default": "./dist/serialization/workflow-vm.js" - }, "./serialization-format": { "types": "./dist/serialization-format.d.ts", "default": "./dist/serialization-format.js" diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index 80db4e17aa..0818ca9618 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -656,11 +656,12 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { const step = op as PendingStep; opsPromises.push( (async () => { - // Create step_created event. `step.input` is the format-prefixed - // devalue bytes ("devl" + devalue) produced by - // `__wdk_serialize({args, closureVars, thisVal})` inside the VM. - // The VM has no access to the CryptoKey, so encryption is - // applied here on the host side — matching what + // Create step_created event. `step.input` is the + // format-prefixed devalue bytes ("devl" + devalue) produced + // by `globalThis[Symbol.for('workflow-serialize')]({args, + // closureVars, thisVal})` inside the VM. The VM has no + // access to the CryptoKey, so encryption is applied here + // on the host side — matching what // `dehydrateStepArguments` does in the replay runtime. try { await world.events.create(runId, { @@ -715,10 +716,11 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { opsPromises.push( (async () => { - // `hook.metadata` is the format-prefixed devalue bytes produced - // by `__wdk_serialize(options.metadata)` inside the VM. Encrypt - // on the host side before writing — matches the replay - // runtime's `dehydrateStepArguments` flow. + // `hook.metadata` is the format-prefixed devalue bytes + // produced by `globalThis[Symbol.for('workflow-serialize')] + // (options.metadata)` inside the VM. Encrypt on the host + // side before writing — matches the replay runtime's + // `dehydrateStepArguments` flow. // // No pre-check via hooks.list: with deterministic correlationIds // (same VM seed across replays) and per-(runId, correlationId) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index e51c29a12a..cf33be621a 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_USE_STEP")] = function(stepId, closureVarsFn) { var thisVal = (this !== undefined && this !== null && this !== globalThis) ? this : undefined; // Serialize step input using the host-provided devalue serializer. // This produces a format-prefixed Uint8Array ("devl" + devalue.stringify). - var input = globalThis.__wdk_serialize({ + var input = globalThis[Symbol.for("workflow-serialize")]({ args: args, closureVars: closureVarsFn ? closureVarsFn() : undefined, thisVal: thisVal, @@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ globalThis[Symbol.for("WORKFLOW_CREATE_HOOK")] = function(options) { correlationId: correlationId, token: token, isWebhook: !!options.isWebhook, - metadata: options.metadata ? globalThis.__wdk_serialize(options.metadata) : undefined, + metadata: options.metadata ? globalThis[Symbol.for("workflow-serialize")](options.metadata) : undefined, hasCreatedEvent: false, }); @@ -520,9 +520,11 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( vm.newString(generateNanoid()) ); - // Note: __wdk_serialize/__wdk_deserialize are JS functions in the VM - // (set by the serde bundle), so they survive snapshot/restore as part - // of the QuickJS heap. No re-registration needed. + // Note: globalThis[Symbol.for('workflow-serialize')] and + // globalThis[Symbol.for('workflow-deserialize')] are JS functions + // in the VM (set by the serde bundle), so they survive + // snapshot/restore as part of the QuickJS heap. No re-registration + // needed. // Process events and drain jobs in a loop. Events may resolve promises // that unblock workflow code, which then creates NEW resolvers for @@ -668,12 +670,12 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( throw __wfnErr; } var __args = globalThis.__wdk_input - ? globalThis.__wdk_deserialize(globalThis.__wdk_input) + ? globalThis[Symbol.for("workflow-deserialize")](globalThis.__wdk_input) : []; delete globalThis.__wdk_input; if (!Array.isArray(__args)) __args = [__args]; __wfn.apply(null, __args).then( - function(result) { globalThis.__workflowResult = globalThis.__wdk_serialize(result); }, + function(result) { globalThis.__workflowResult = globalThis[Symbol.for("workflow-serialize")](result); }, function(error) { globalThis.__workflowError = { message: error.message || String(error), @@ -753,7 +755,7 @@ async function processEvents( vm.setProp(vm.global, '__tmp_result', bytesHandle); bytesHandle.dispose(); vm.evalCode( - `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve(globalThis.__wdk_deserialize(globalThis.__tmp_result));` + + `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve(globalThis[Symbol.for("workflow-deserialize")](globalThis.__tmp_result));` + `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];` + `delete globalThis.__tmp_result;` ).dispose(); @@ -894,7 +896,7 @@ async function processEvents( vm.setProp(vm.global, '__tmp_result', bytesHandle); bytesHandle.dispose(); vm.evalCode( - `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve(globalThis.__wdk_deserialize(globalThis.__tmp_result));` + + `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].resolve(globalThis[Symbol.for("workflow-deserialize")](globalThis.__tmp_result));` + `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];` + `delete globalThis.__tmp_result;` ).dispose(); @@ -948,7 +950,7 @@ async function processEvents( vm.evalCode( bufferAndTrack.replace( '%PAYLOAD%', - 'globalThis.__wdk_deserialize(globalThis.__tmp_result)' + 'globalThis[Symbol.for("workflow-deserialize")](globalThis.__tmp_result)' ) + 'delete globalThis.__tmp_result;' ).dispose(); } else { diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/base64.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/base64.ts deleted file mode 100644 index fbecf6058f..0000000000 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/base64.ts +++ /dev/null @@ -1,61 +0,0 @@ -/** - * Pure JavaScript base64 encode/decode. - * - * Used in place of Node.js Buffer for environments without it (QuickJS VM). - * These functions work on Uint8Array inputs/outputs. - */ - -const CHARS = - 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/'; - -const LOOKUP = new Uint8Array(256); -for (let i = 0; i < CHARS.length; i++) { - LOOKUP[CHARS.charCodeAt(i)] = i; -} - -/** - * Encode a Uint8Array to a base64 string. - */ -export function base64Encode(bytes: Uint8Array): string { - const len = bytes.length; - let result = ''; - - for (let i = 0; i < len; i += 3) { - const b0 = bytes[i]; - const b1 = i + 1 < len ? bytes[i + 1] : 0; - const b2 = i + 2 < len ? bytes[i + 2] : 0; - - result += CHARS[(b0 >> 2) & 0x3f]; - result += CHARS[((b0 << 4) | (b1 >> 4)) & 0x3f]; - result += i + 1 < len ? CHARS[((b1 << 2) | (b2 >> 6)) & 0x3f] : '='; - result += i + 2 < len ? CHARS[b2 & 0x3f] : '='; - } - - return result; -} - -/** - * Decode a base64 string to a Uint8Array. - */ -export function base64Decode(str: string): Uint8Array { - // Remove padding - let len = str.length; - if (str[len - 1] === '=') len--; - if (str[len - 1] === '=') len--; - - const bytes = new Uint8Array(Math.floor((len * 3) / 4)); - let p = 0; - - for (let i = 0; i < len; i += 4) { - const c0 = LOOKUP[str.charCodeAt(i)]; - const c1 = LOOKUP[str.charCodeAt(i + 1)]; - const c2 = i + 2 < len ? LOOKUP[str.charCodeAt(i + 2)] : 0; - const c3 = i + 3 < len ? LOOKUP[str.charCodeAt(i + 3)] : 0; - - bytes[p++] = (c0 << 2) | (c1 >> 4); - if (i + 2 < len) bytes[p++] = ((c1 << 4) | (c2 >> 2)) & 0xff; - if (i + 3 < len) bytes[p++] = ((c2 << 6) | c3) & 0xff; - } - - return bytes; -} diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts index 14910e02f8..98dfb4c625 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts @@ -2,16 +2,17 @@ * VM-compatible common reducers and revivers. * * Identical to common.ts but without Node.js dependencies: - * - Uses pure-JS base64 instead of Buffer - * - Uses `instanceof Error` instead of `types.isNativeError()` + * - Uses native `btoa` / `atob` (provided by quickjs-wasi's base64 + * extension, see `quickjs-assets.generated.ts`) instead of Buffer + * or pure-JS base64. + * - Uses `instanceof Error` instead of `types.isNativeError()`. * * This module is safe to bundle into the QuickJS WASM VM. */ -import { base64Decode, base64Encode } from '../base64.js'; import type { Reducers, Revivers, SerializableSpecial } from '../types.js'; -// ---- Base64 helpers ---- +// ---- Base64 helpers (native btoa/atob from the quickjs-wasi base64 extension) ---- function arrayBufferToBase64( value: ArrayBufferLike, @@ -19,8 +20,13 @@ function arrayBufferToBase64( length: number ): string { if (length === 0) return '.'; + // btoa requires a binary string. Build it from the byte view. const uint8 = new Uint8Array(value, offset, length); - return base64Encode(uint8); + let binary = ''; + for (let i = 0; i < uint8.length; i++) { + binary += String.fromCharCode(uint8[i]!); + } + return btoa(binary); } function viewToBase64(value: ArrayBufferView): string { @@ -28,8 +34,12 @@ function viewToBase64(value: ArrayBufferView): string { } function reviveArrayBuffer(value: string): ArrayBuffer { - const base64 = value === '.' ? '' : value; - const bytes = base64Decode(base64); + if (value === '.') return new ArrayBuffer(0); + const binary = atob(value); + const bytes = new Uint8Array(binary.length); + for (let i = 0; i < binary.length; i++) { + bytes[i] = binary.charCodeAt(i); + } return bytes.buffer as ArrayBuffer; } @@ -52,11 +62,8 @@ export function getCommonReducers(): Partial { }, // DOMException is checked before Error so that DOMException-specific // shape (name, message, stack, cause) survives the round-trip. - // Uses duck-typing instead of `instanceof` because DOMException may not - // be available as a global in all QuickJS versions. DOMException: (value) => { - if (!(value instanceof Error)) return false; - if (value.constructor?.name !== 'DOMException') return false; + if (!(value instanceof DOMException)) return false; const reduced: SerializableSpecial['DOMException'] = { message: value.message, name: value.name, @@ -167,11 +174,7 @@ export function getCommonReducers(): Partial { return { name: name || '__empty' }; }) as any, Set: (value) => value instanceof Set && Array.from(value), - URL: (value) => { - // URL may not be available in QuickJS — check typeof - if (typeof URL !== 'undefined' && value instanceof URL) return value.href; - return false; - }, + URL: (value) => value instanceof URL && value.href, WorkflowFunction: (value) => { // Only match function references with a workflowId property (set by // the SWC compiler on workflow functions). Plain { workflowId } objects @@ -183,14 +186,8 @@ export function getCommonReducers(): Partial { return { workflowId }; }, URLSearchParams: (value) => { - if ( - typeof URLSearchParams !== 'undefined' && - value instanceof URLSearchParams - ) { - if (value.size === 0) return '.'; - return String(value); - } - return false; + if (!(value instanceof URLSearchParams)) return false; + return value.size === 0 ? '.' : String(value); }, Uint8Array: (value) => value instanceof Uint8Array && viewToBase64(value), Uint8ClampedArray: (value) => @@ -212,20 +209,7 @@ export function getCommonRevivers(): Partial { new BigUint64Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value)), Date: (value) => new Date(value), DOMException: (value) => { - // DOMException may not be constructible in all QuickJS versions — - // fall back to a regular Error with the same shape if unavailable. - const DOMExceptionCtor = - typeof (globalThis as any).DOMException === 'function' - ? (globalThis as any).DOMException - : null; - if (DOMExceptionCtor) { - const error = new DOMExceptionCtor(value.message, value.name); - if (value.stack !== undefined) error.stack = value.stack; - if ('cause' in value) error.cause = value.cause; - return error; - } - const error = new Error(value.message); - error.name = value.name; + const error = new DOMException(value.message, value.name); if (value.stack !== undefined) error.stack = value.stack; if ('cause' in value) (error as any).cause = value.cause; return error; @@ -244,10 +228,7 @@ export function getCommonRevivers(): Partial { Map: (value) => new Map(value), RegExp: (value) => new RegExp(value.source, value.flags), Set: (value) => new Set(value), - URL: (value) => { - if (typeof URL !== 'undefined') return new URL(value); - return value; - }, + URL: (value) => new URL(value), WorkflowFunction: (value) => Object.assign( () => { @@ -257,11 +238,7 @@ export function getCommonRevivers(): Partial { }, { workflowId: value.workflowId } ), - URLSearchParams: (value) => { - if (typeof URLSearchParams !== 'undefined') - return new URLSearchParams(value === '.' ? '' : value); - return value; - }, + URLSearchParams: (value) => new URLSearchParams(value === '.' ? '' : value), Uint8Array: (value: string) => new Uint8Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value)), Uint8ClampedArray: (value: string) => new Uint8ClampedArray(reviveArrayBuffer(value)), diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/vm-bundle-entry.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/vm-bundle-entry.ts index 3d84ab7ad9..8bdc795900 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/vm-bundle-entry.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/vm-bundle-entry.ts @@ -12,24 +12,46 @@ import { monotonicFactory } from 'ulid'; import { deserialize, serialize } from './workflow-vm.js'; -// Install on global scope +// Install on global scope under the public well-known symbols. The +// snapshot runtime's bootstrap (and the various inline-evaluated JS +// strings in `snapshot-runtime.ts`) reach the same functions via +// `globalThis[Symbol.for('workflow-serialize')]` etc. (globalThis as any)[Symbol.for('workflow-serialize')] = serialize; (globalThis as any)[Symbol.for('workflow-deserialize')] = deserialize; -(globalThis as any).__wdk_serialize = serialize; -(globalThis as any).__wdk_deserialize = deserialize; -// ULID generator for correlationIds — uses the same monotonicFactory as -// the event-replay runtime. The seeded PRNG is injected via __ulidPrng -// before the bootstrap runs; falls back to Math.random if not set. +// ULID generator for correlationIds — uses the same monotonicFactory +// as the event-replay runtime. Both inputs MUST be set by the host +// before this bundle is evaluated, otherwise the seeded-ULID +// determinism guarantee is silently broken: // -// The timestamp argument is read from `globalThis.__ulidTimestamp` so the -// host can inject a deterministic timestamp that's stable across -// concurrent workflow invocations of the same resumption (otherwise -// `Date.now()` would diverge between concurrent VMs even when the seeded -// PRNG produces an identical random sequence). When unset, falls back to -// `Date.now()` so non-snapshot consumers of this bundle (e.g. tests) -// keep working. -const prng = (globalThis as any).__ulidPrng ?? Math.random; -const ulid = monotonicFactory(prng); -(globalThis as any).__generateUlid = () => - ulid((globalThis as any).__ulidTimestamp ?? Date.now()); +// * `Math.random` must already be replaced with the host's seeded +// PRNG via `vm.newFunction('random', …)` (see +// `snapshot-runtime.ts`, the `Seeded Math.random` block). Two +// workflow invocations of the same resumption MUST observe an +// identical random sequence so their correlationIds collide and +// the world's EntityConflictError dedup applies. We pass it +// explicitly to `monotonicFactory` because ULID's auto-detect +// (`detectPRNG`) only knows about `crypto.getRandomValues` / +// `crypto.randomBytes`, neither of which exist in QuickJS. +// * `globalThis.__ulidTimestamp` must be a number (typically +// `workflowRun.startedAt`). It's used in place of `Date.now()` so +// the time portion of the ULID is also stable across concurrent +// invocations of the same resumption. +// +// Both prerequisites are validated below — fail loudly if either is +// missing rather than fall back to `Date.now()` / unseeded +// `Math.random`, which would re-introduce non-determinism that the +// snapshot runtime relies on us NOT having. +const ulid = monotonicFactory(Math.random); +(globalThis as any).__generateUlid = () => { + const t = (globalThis as any).__ulidTimestamp; + if (typeof t !== 'number') { + throw new Error( + '__generateUlid: globalThis.__ulidTimestamp must be a number set by ' + + 'the host before the serde bundle is evaluated. Without it, ULIDs ' + + 'would fall back to Date.now() and concurrent workflow invocations ' + + 'of the same resumption would produce divergent correlationIds.' + ); + } + return ulid(t); +}; diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow-vm.test.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow-vm.test.ts index cf2e66475c..bd934c3e65 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow-vm.test.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow-vm.test.ts @@ -2,13 +2,11 @@ * Tests for the VM-compatible workflow serializer. * * Verifies that: - * 1. The VM serializer produces the same wire format as the Node.js serializer - * 2. Data serialized by the VM can be deserialized by Node.js and vice versa - * 3. The pure-JS base64 implementation is correct + * 1. The VM serializer produces the same wire format as the Node.js serializer. + * 2. Data serialized by the VM can be deserialized by Node.js and vice versa. */ import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'; -import { base64Decode, base64Encode } from './base64.js'; import { peekFormatPrefix } from './format.js'; import { deserialize as nodeDeserialize, @@ -19,42 +17,6 @@ import { serialize as vmSerialize, } from './workflow-vm.js'; -describe('base64 encode/decode', () => { - it('should round-trip empty buffer', () => { - const encoded = base64Encode(new Uint8Array(0)); - expect(encoded).toBe(''); - const decoded = base64Decode(encoded); - expect(decoded.length).toBe(0); - }); - - it('should round-trip small buffers', () => { - for (const bytes of [ - new Uint8Array([0]), - new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]), - new Uint8Array([255]), - new Uint8Array([0, 0, 0]), - ]) { - const encoded = base64Encode(bytes); - const decoded = base64Decode(encoded); - expect(Array.from(decoded)).toEqual(Array.from(bytes)); - } - }); - - it('should match Node.js Buffer base64', () => { - const data = new Uint8Array([72, 101, 108, 108, 111]); // "Hello" - const jsBase64 = base64Encode(data); - const nodeBase64 = Buffer.from(data).toString('base64'); - expect(jsBase64).toBe(nodeBase64); - }); - - it('should decode Node.js Buffer base64', () => { - const data = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]); - const nodeBase64 = Buffer.from(data).toString('base64'); - const decoded = base64Decode(nodeBase64); - expect(Array.from(decoded)).toEqual(Array.from(data)); - }); -}); - describe('VM workflow serializer', () => { it('should produce format-prefixed output', () => { const serialized = vmSerialize(42); diff --git a/packages/workflow/package.json b/packages/workflow/package.json index 5e434f5830..e4e44c089a 100644 --- a/packages/workflow/package.json +++ b/packages/workflow/package.json @@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ "./internal/errors": "./dist/internal/errors.js", "./internal/builtins": "./dist/internal/builtins.js", "./internal/class-serialization": "./dist/internal/class-serialization.js", - "./internal/serialization": "./dist/internal/serialization.js", "./next": "./dist/next.cjs", "./nitro": "./dist/nitro.js", "./nuxt": "./dist/nuxt.js", diff --git a/packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts b/packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts deleted file mode 100644 index 1706d787a6..0000000000 --- a/packages/workflow/src/internal/serialization.ts +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -/** - * Workflow-mode serialization for the VM bundle. - * - * Re-exports the VM-compatible serialize/deserialize from @workflow/core. - * These functions have NO Node.js dependencies and are safe to bundle - * into both the Node.js vm.Context and the QuickJS WASM VM. - */ -export { - serialize, - deserialize, -} from '@workflow/core/serialization/workflow-vm'; From 3e72503db2e5120e617a04b490562350e4cbe8dc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Thu, 30 Apr 2026 00:08:42 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 119/124] Drop getVercelFunctionLogs e2e helper The `/v3/deployments/:id/events` endpoint mostly returned empty results in our wedge-debugging usage and the runId-substring filter made it slow when it did return data. The function-log fetch belongs in a dedicated diagnostic CLI command rather than baked into the test diagnostic block. Dropping for now; can be revived in a follow-up PR if needed. --- packages/core/e2e/utils.ts | 146 ------------------------------------- 1 file changed, 146 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/e2e/utils.ts b/packages/core/e2e/utils.ts index 5ca3bf5e06..52be6b8439 100644 --- a/packages/core/e2e/utils.ts +++ b/packages/core/e2e/utils.ts @@ -502,127 +502,6 @@ function getObservabilityDashboardUrl(runId: string): string | null { return `https://vercel.com/${teamSlug}/${projectSlug}/observability/workflows/runs/${runId}?environment=${environment}`; } -/** - * Fetch Vercel function runtime logs that mention the given runId. - * - * Used in e2e diagnostics to surface what happened inside the function - * when a workflow wedged. Returns up to 200 matching lines from the - * deployment's `/events` endpoint, scoped to the test's run window. - * - * Returns `null` if logs API access isn't configured (local runs, missing - * env, etc.). - */ -async function getVercelFunctionLogs( - runId: string, - runWindow: { startedAt?: Date; endedAt?: Date } -): Promise { - const token = process.env.WORKFLOW_VERCEL_AUTH_TOKEN; - const teamId = process.env.WORKFLOW_VERCEL_TEAM; - const deploymentId = process.env.VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_ID; - if (!token || !teamId || !deploymentId) return null; - - // Cast a wide time window: 30s before run start, up to "now" (or 60s - // after run end if known). Times are in milliseconds since epoch. - const startedAtMs = runWindow.startedAt - ? runWindow.startedAt.getTime() - : Date.now() - 5 * 60_000; - const endedAtMs = runWindow.endedAt - ? runWindow.endedAt.getTime() - : Date.now(); - const since = Math.max(0, startedAtMs - 30_000); - const until = endedAtMs + 60_000; - - // The deployment events endpoint streams function/runtime logs. We fetch - // the most recent N entries within the window and filter client-side by - // runId substring (the runId appears in structured log payloads emitted - // via `runtimeLogger` but not in any Vercel-indexed field). - const url = new URL( - `https://api.vercel.com/v3/deployments/${encodeURIComponent(deploymentId)}/events` - ); - url.searchParams.set('teamId', teamId); - url.searchParams.set('since', String(since)); - url.searchParams.set('until', String(until)); - url.searchParams.set('builds', '0'); - url.searchParams.set('direction', 'backward'); - url.searchParams.set('limit', '1000'); - - let res: Response; - try { - res = await fetch(url.toString(), { - headers: { - Authorization: `Bearer ${token}`, - Accept: 'application/json', - }, - }); - } catch (err) { - return `(failed to fetch function logs: ${(err as Error).message})`; - } - if (!res.ok) { - const text = await res.text().catch(() => ''); - return `(function logs API returned HTTP ${res.status}: ${text.slice(0, 200)})`; - } - - let body: unknown; - try { - body = await res.json(); - } catch { - return '(function logs response was not valid JSON)'; - } - - // The events endpoint returns either an array of entries or - // `{ events: [...] }` depending on the API version. Handle both. - const entries: Array> = Array.isArray(body) - ? (body as Array>) - : body && typeof body === 'object' && 'events' in body - ? (body as { events: Array> }).events - : []; - if (!Array.isArray(entries) || entries.length === 0) { - return '(no function logs returned in window)'; - } - - // Filter to lines mentioning the runId — substring match against the - // text/payload field. Vercel's events have varying shapes; check several - // likely fields. - const messageOf = (entry: Record): string => { - if (typeof entry.text === 'string') return entry.text; - if ( - entry.payload && - typeof entry.payload === 'object' && - 'text' in entry.payload && - typeof (entry.payload as { text?: unknown }).text === 'string' - ) { - return (entry.payload as { text: string }).text; - } - return JSON.stringify(entry); - }; - - const matching = entries - .filter((entry) => messageOf(entry).includes(runId)) - .slice(0, 200); - - if (matching.length === 0) { - return `(${entries.length} function log lines fetched, none mentioned runId)`; - } - - // Render each matching log with a timestamp + condensed body. Truncate - // per-line so a verbose snapshot dump doesn't drown the diagnostic. - return matching - .map((entry) => { - const ts = - typeof entry.created === 'number' - ? new Date(entry.created).toISOString() - : typeof entry.date === 'number' - ? new Date(entry.date).toISOString() - : '????-??-??T??:??:??.???Z'; - const message = messageOf(entry); - const truncated = - message.length > 1500 ? `${message.slice(0, 1500)}\u2026` : message; - return ` ${ts} ${truncated}`; - }) - .reverse() // reverse so output is chronological (we fetched backward) - .join('\n'); -} - /** * Fetch run diagnostics via the world API. Returns a formatted string. */ @@ -634,14 +513,9 @@ async function getRunDiagnostics(tracked: TrackedRun): Promise { `Run ID: ${run.runId}`, ]; - let runStartedAt: Date | undefined; - let runEndedAt: Date | undefined; - try { const world = await getWorld(); const runData = await world.runs.get(run.runId); - runStartedAt = runData.startedAt; - runEndedAt = runData.completedAt; lines.push(`Status: ${runData.status}`); lines.push(`Workflow: ${runData.workflowName}`); @@ -726,26 +600,6 @@ async function getRunDiagnostics(tracked: TrackedRun): Promise { lines.push(`Dashboard: ${dashboardUrl}`); } - // Vercel function logs (only when WORKFLOW_VERCEL_AUTH_TOKEN is set — - // typically only in CI). Surfaces SNAPSHOT_DIAG / WORKFLOW_HANDLER_DIAG - // / STEP_HANDLER_DIAG checkpoint records emitted by the runtime so the - // function-side activity for a wedged run is visible in the failed-test - // output. - try { - const fnLogs = await getVercelFunctionLogs(run.runId, { - startedAt: runStartedAt, - endedAt: runEndedAt, - }); - if (fnLogs) { - lines.push(''); - lines.push('Function Logs:'); - lines.push(fnLogs); - } - } catch (e) { - lines.push(''); - lines.push(`Function Logs: (failed to fetch: ${(e as Error).message})`); - } - lines.push('━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━'); lines.push(''); From 0f6bca3481c74d0cd679960db2e4778fb88e147b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Thu, 30 Apr 2026 01:35:05 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 120/124] Refresh snapshot-runtime branch changesets Updates the per-package changesets to match AGENTS.md guidance and the current state of the PR: - Bump from `patch` to `minor` (snapshot runtime is a new feature, not a bug fix; correctness matters when the changesets land on `stable`) - Correct snapshot-runtime-core.md: snapshot is now the default, with replay available via `WORKFLOW_RUNTIME=replay` (was incorrectly describing snapshot as opt-in) - Drop the misleading 'enforces uniqueness' line from snapshot-runtime-world-vercel.md (no uniqueness work happens in this package; that lives in workflow-server) - Tighten language across all four changesets per AGENTS.md ('Keep the changesets terse') --- .changeset/snapshot-runtime-core.md | 4 ++-- .changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-local.md | 4 ++-- .changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-postgres.md | 4 ++-- .changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-vercel.md | 4 ++-- 4 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-core.md b/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-core.md index b8676d749b..80ee5b3094 100644 --- a/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-core.md +++ b/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-core.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ --- -"@workflow/core": patch +"@workflow/core": minor --- -Add an opt-in QuickJS WASM-based snapshot runtime that suspends and resumes workflows by serializing the VM heap. Enable via `WORKFLOW_RUNTIME=snapshot`; the replay runtime remains the default. +Add a new QuickJS WASM-based snapshot runtime that suspends and resumes workflows by serializing the VM heap. Now the default; the previous event-replay runtime remains available via `WORKFLOW_RUNTIME=replay`. diff --git a/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-local.md b/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-local.md index fa2906ce03..3cd3baf27e 100644 --- a/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-local.md +++ b/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-local.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ --- -"@workflow/world-local": patch +"@workflow/world-local": minor --- -Add filesystem-backed snapshot storage for the new opt-in snapshot runtime in `@workflow/core`. Also enforces atomic per-(run, correlation) uniqueness for `step_created` and `wait_created` events to dedupe concurrent invocations. +Add filesystem-backed snapshot storage (`snapshots.save` / `load` / `delete`) for the new snapshot runtime in `@workflow/core`. Also fixes a race in `events.create()` where concurrent `step_created` / `wait_created` writes with the same `correlationId` would both succeed. diff --git a/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-postgres.md b/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-postgres.md index 1b83ee8926..3982920c55 100644 --- a/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-postgres.md +++ b/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-postgres.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ --- -"@workflow/world-postgres": patch +"@workflow/world-postgres": minor --- -Add a `workflow_snapshots` table for the new opt-in snapshot runtime in `@workflow/core`, plus a unique partial index on `workflow_events(run_id, correlation_id, type)` for entity-creating events to dedupe concurrent invocations. +Add a `workflow_snapshots` table and `snapshots.save` / `load` / `delete` storage for the new snapshot runtime in `@workflow/core`. Also fixes a race in `events.create()` where concurrent `step_created` / `hook_created` / `wait_created` writes with the same `correlationId` would persist duplicate event rows. diff --git a/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-vercel.md b/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-vercel.md index d64484d40d..9f73cc93bb 100644 --- a/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-vercel.md +++ b/.changeset/snapshot-runtime-world-vercel.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ --- -"@workflow/world-vercel": patch +"@workflow/world-vercel": minor --- -Add snapshot storage endpoints (PUT/GET/DELETE `/v2/runs/:runId/snapshot`) for the new opt-in snapshot runtime in `@workflow/core`. Also enforces atomic per-(run, correlation) uniqueness for `step_created` / `hook_created` / `wait_created` events to dedupe concurrent invocations. +Add snapshot storage (PUT/GET/DELETE `/v2/runs/:runId/snapshot`) for the new snapshot runtime in `@workflow/core`. Switches the save path from `fetch()` to `undici.request()` so the `RetryAgent` can replay multi-MB snapshot bodies on transient errors. From 8349c884a305105d9caff3b69e25c8ce449709f8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Fri, 1 May 2026 00:15:37 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 121/124] Drop STEP_HANDLER_DIAG checkpoints to fix astro local-dev step error stack regression Per CI history (runs 25100278265 vs 25130930859), the regression boundary for the 'basic step error preserves message and stack trace' / 'cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack' e2e tests on astro local-dev is commit 770c4331b ('Add CI-visible runtime diagnostics for snapshot wedges'), NOT the later 91683532d source-map-strip commit. The astro-dev failure reproduces on both replay and snapshot runtimes with identical symptoms (function name shows up as `__getOwnPropDesc` instead of the actual step function name in the source-mapped stack), which rules out any snapshot-runtime specific cause. The STEP_HANDLER_DIAG entries were always-on `runtimeLogger.warn` calls inside the step queue handler. They didn't add real diagnostic value beyond what the existing OTel spans already cover; their main purpose was to grep-correlate step activity with SNAPSHOT_DIAG checkpoints in Vercel function logs during the wedge-debugging session that's now resolved. SNAPSHOT_DIAG and WORKFLOW_HANDLER_DIAG are kept; only the STEP_HANDLER_DIAG pair is removed. The exact mechanism by which the diagnostic warns affect the `stepFn.apply()` stack frame's source-mapped function name is still unclear (the most plausible explanation is that the line-shift in step-handler.ts perturbed Vite's dev-mode module graph in a way that changes which export getter wraps the step function reference at the `__copyProps` site shared with the namespace import in `_workflows.ts`). Reverting the diagnostic is sufficient to restore the test, and the diagnostic itself is not load-bearing. --- packages/core/src/runtime/step-handler.ts | 18 ------------------ 1 file changed, 18 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/step-handler.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/step-handler.ts index 4c14c0b5a6..f38184f293 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/step-handler.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/step-handler.ts @@ -75,18 +75,6 @@ const stepHandler = (worldHandlers: WorldHandlers) => } = StepInvokePayloadSchema.parse(message_); const { requestId } = metadata; - // CI-visible diagnostic: step handler invocation start. Mirrors the - // SNAPSHOT_DIAG / WORKFLOW_HANDLER_DIAG checkpoints so step activity - // is grep-able by runId in Vercel function logs. - runtimeLogger.warn('STEP_HANDLER_DIAG', { - checkpoint: 'enter', - runId: workflowRunId, - workflowName, - stepId, - attempt: metadata.attempt, - requestId, - }); - // --- Max delivery check --- // Enforce max delivery limit before any infrastructure calls. // This prevents runaway steps from consuming infinite queue deliveries. @@ -883,12 +871,6 @@ const stepHandler = (worldHandlers: WorldHandlers) => traceCarrier, requestedAt: new Date(), }); - - runtimeLogger.warn('STEP_HANDLER_DIAG', { - checkpoint: 'exit_queued_workflow_continuation', - runId: workflowRunId, - stepId, - }); } ); }); From 18a383b8dd694a7718994cd91f2b3f6807011596 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Mon, 4 May 2026 16:53:05 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 122/124] Wire snapshot runtime through V2 unified workflow queue MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit The V2 architecture (#1338) unified step execution into the workflow handler: step messages arrive on the workflow queue with a stepId payload and dispatch to executeStep inline. The separate stepEntrypoint route was removed. Update snapshot-entrypoint.ts to queue steps via the unified queue (`__wkf_workflow_` with { runId, stepId, stepName, traceCarrier, requestedAt }) instead of the removed `__wkf_step_` route. When the step result event lands and the runtime invokes for inline replay, runtime.ts's snapshot dispatch (added in the merge commit) routes back to runWorkflowWithSnapshots, which loads the snapshot and processes the new step_completed/step_failed events. Pin the V2 inline-execution invocation-count tests to replay mode — those tests assert V2-specific batching behavior (1 invocation for sequential steps, 2 for sleep+step) that snapshot runtime can't match since snapshots make a separate flow invocation per resume point. --- .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 25 ++++++++++--------- .../src/inline-batches-debug.mts | 5 +++- .../world-testing/src/inline-execution.mts | 17 +++++++++---- 3 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index 0818ca9618..f4ebabc5c6 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ import { } from '../serialization/encryption.js'; import { remapErrorStack, stripInlineSourceMap } from '../source-map.js'; import * as Attribute from '../telemetry/semantic-conventions.js'; -import { trace } from '../telemetry.js'; -import { queueMessage } from './helpers.js'; +import { serializeTraceCarrier, trace } from '../telemetry.js'; +import { getWorkflowQueueName, queueMessage } from './helpers.js'; import { type PendingHook, type PendingStep, @@ -678,20 +678,21 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { throw err; } - // Queue the step execution. Queue name is __wkf_step_; - // step handler expects: workflowName, workflowRunId, - // workflowStartedAt, stepId. - const startedAtMs = workflowRun.startedAt - ? +workflowRun.startedAt - : Date.now(); + // Queue the step execution via the unified workflow queue + // (V2 architecture). The combined handler in runtime.ts + // dispatches messages with `stepId` to executeStep, which + // works for both replay and snapshot modes — so snapshot + // mode reuses the same step execution path as V2 replay + // instead of needing a separate step route. + const traceCarrier = await serializeTraceCarrier(); await queueMessage( world, - `__wkf_step_${step.stepId}`, + getWorkflowQueueName(workflowRun.workflowName), { - workflowName: workflowRun.workflowName, - workflowRunId: runId, - workflowStartedAt: startedAtMs, + runId, stepId: step.correlationId, + stepName: step.stepId, + traceCarrier, requestedAt: new Date(), }, { diff --git a/packages/world-testing/src/inline-batches-debug.mts b/packages/world-testing/src/inline-batches-debug.mts index bf7a356cb3..246aecd782 100644 --- a/packages/world-testing/src/inline-batches-debug.mts +++ b/packages/world-testing/src/inline-batches-debug.mts @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -import { expect, test, vi } from 'vitest'; import { hydrateWorkflowReturnValue } from '@workflow/core/serialization'; +import { expect, test, vi } from 'vitest'; import { createFetcher, startServer } from './util.mjs'; /** @@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ export function inlineBatchesDebug(world: string) { const server = await startServer({ world, env: { + // Pin to replay — this debug helper measures V2 inline-execution + // batching behavior, which is replay-runtime-specific. + WORKFLOW_RUNTIME: 'replay', DEBUG: 'workflow:runtime:*', }, }); diff --git a/packages/world-testing/src/inline-execution.mts b/packages/world-testing/src/inline-execution.mts index 34deb70c50..3436902f46 100644 --- a/packages/world-testing/src/inline-execution.mts +++ b/packages/world-testing/src/inline-execution.mts @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -import { expect, test, vi } from 'vitest'; import { hydrateWorkflowReturnValue } from '@workflow/core/serialization'; +import { expect, test, vi } from 'vitest'; import { createFetcher, startServer } from './util.mjs'; /** @@ -12,13 +12,20 @@ import { createFetcher, startServer } from './util.mjs'; * - Parallel steps (Promise.all): 1-3 invocations depending on whether the * embedded harness observes the background step and continuation separately * - Hook + resume: 2 invocations (hook requires external resume) + * + * These tests pin to the event-replay runtime — invocation-count assertions + * are V2-replay-specific. Snapshot runtime makes a separate flow invocation + * per resume point, so the same workflow produces a different (larger) + * invocation count under snapshot mode. */ +const INLINE_EXEC_ENV = { WORKFLOW_RUNTIME: 'replay' }; + export function inlineExecution(world: string) { test( 'sequential steps complete in a single flow invocation', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => { - const server = await startServer({ world }).then(createFetcher); + const server = await startServer({ world, env: INLINE_EXEC_ENV }).then(createFetcher); const result = await server.invoke( 'workflows/inline-execution.ts', 'sequentialStepsWorkflow', @@ -50,7 +57,7 @@ export function inlineExecution(world: string) { 'sequential steps with stream complete in a single flow invocation', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => { - const server = await startServer({ world }).then(createFetcher); + const server = await startServer({ world, env: INLINE_EXEC_ENV }).then(createFetcher); const result = await server.invoke( 'workflows/inline-execution.ts', 'sequentialStepsWithStreamWorkflow', @@ -82,7 +89,7 @@ export function inlineExecution(world: string) { 'sleep workflow requires exactly 2 flow invocations', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => { - const server = await startServer({ world }).then(createFetcher); + const server = await startServer({ world, env: INLINE_EXEC_ENV }).then(createFetcher); const result = await server.invoke( 'workflows/inline-execution.ts', 'sleepWorkflow', @@ -116,7 +123,7 @@ export function inlineExecution(world: string) { 'parallel steps (Promise.all) complete in 1-3 flow invocations', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => { - const server = await startServer({ world }).then(createFetcher); + const server = await startServer({ world, env: INLINE_EXEC_ENV }).then(createFetcher); const result = await server.invoke( 'workflows/inline-execution.ts', 'parallelStepsWorkflow', From 79b1984f5085633040d12574c1cf8482ef338378 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Mon, 4 May 2026 18:37:37 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 123/124] Wire snapshot runtime through first-class error serialization MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Three coordinated changes so the snapshot runtime emits and consumes the same error wire format as the V2 replay runtime — enabling Error subclass identity (TypeError, FatalError, RetryableError, …), cause chains, and non-Error throws to round-trip end-to-end. * common-vm.ts: add VM-side reducers and revivers for every Error subclass that common.ts already covers on the host (TypeError, RangeError, SyntaxError, ReferenceError, EvalError, URIError, AggregateError, FatalError, RetryableError) plus cause preservation on the base Error reducer/reviver. Match by value.name (instance property) for cross-realm + bundler-output robustness, mirroring the host-side rationale. Preserves cause as a side-property after construction since FatalError/RetryableError constructors don't forward it. * snapshot-runtime.ts: serialize the original thrown value via the VM's workflow-serialize in the rejection handler, exposing it as __workflowError.valueBytes alongside the existing host-visible {message, name, stack} fields. checkWorkflowState surfaces the bytes through SnapshotRuntimeResult.failed.valueBytes. Also hydrates step_failed event errors via workflow-deserialize so the workflow VM catch sees a properly-typed Error subclass with cause chain instead of a synthesized FatalError\(message\). * snapshot-entrypoint.ts: when result.failed.valueBytes is present, hydrate via hydrateRunError, walk the cause chain and remap each stack via the host source map (the VM can't), then re-dehydrate for storage. Falls back to passing the bytes through (with encryption) on rehydration failures, and to the legacy Error-reconstruction path when valueBytes is absent (e.g. extractError pseudo-failures from VM bootstrap). E2E: 82/83 pass on nextjs-turbopack snapshot mode (up from 73/83 before these changes); the one remaining failure \(wellKnownAgentWorkflow\) is a pre-existing snapshot-runtime limitation \(workflows registered at separate routes are not in the combined VM bundle\) unrelated to error serialization. --- .../core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts | 118 ++++++++++++- packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts | 103 ++++++++--- .../src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts | 161 +++++++++++++++++- .../src/serialization/workflow-vm.test.ts | 26 +++ 4 files changed, 373 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts index f4ebabc5c6..7d4109cdb7 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-entrypoint.ts @@ -31,6 +31,11 @@ import { decrypt as decryptSerializedData, encrypt as encryptSerializedData, } from '../serialization/encryption.js'; +import { + dehydrateRunError, + hydrateRunError, + maybeEncrypt, +} from '../serialization.js'; import { remapErrorStack, stripInlineSourceMap } from '../source-map.js'; import * as Attribute from '../telemetry/semantic-conventions.js'; import { serializeTraceCarrier, trace } from '../telemetry.js'; @@ -918,16 +923,119 @@ export async function runWorkflowWithSnapshots(params: { }); } - // Create run_failed event + // Create run_failed event. Serialize the error through the + // first-class dehydration pipeline so consumers (CLI, observability, + // run.returnValue) get the same hydrated value shape as the replay + // runtime emits. Two paths: + // * Modern (valueBytes present): the VM-side rejection handler + // serialized the original thrown value (Error subclass with + // cause chain, plain object, primitive, etc.) using the VM's + // workflow-serialize. Pass those bytes through directly so + // type identity, cause chains, and non-Error throws survive. + // We just need to apply encryption if configured (the VM's + // serializer doesn't have access to the encryption key). + // * Legacy fallback: reconstruct an Error from the host-visible + // {name, message, stack} fields and run it through + // `dehydrateRunError`. Used when valueBytes is absent (e.g. + // extractError pseudo-failures from VM bootstrap). + let dehydratedError: Uint8Array; + if (result.failed.valueBytes) { + // Hydrate the VM-side bytes, remap the error stack with the + // host-side source map (the VM can't do this — it lacks both the + // source map and `remapErrorStack`), and re-dehydrate. This + // preserves the original value's type identity / cause chain + // while fixing up frames to point at the user's source files. + try { + const hydrated = await hydrateRunError( + result.failed.valueBytes, + runId, + undefined // VM bytes are unencrypted + ); + if ( + hydrated && + typeof hydrated === 'object' && + 'stack' in (hydrated as object) && + typeof (hydrated as { stack?: unknown }).stack === 'string' + ) { + const parsedName = parseWorkflowName(workflowName); + const filename = parsedName?.moduleSpecifier || workflowName; + (hydrated as { stack?: string }).stack = remapErrorStack( + (hydrated as { stack: string }).stack, + filename, + workflowCode + ); + } + // Walk the cause chain and remap nested stacks too. + const seen = new WeakSet(); + let node = (hydrated as { cause?: unknown })?.cause; + while (node && typeof node === 'object' && !seen.has(node as object)) { + seen.add(node as object); + const nodeStack = (node as { stack?: unknown }).stack; + if (typeof nodeStack === 'string') { + const parsedName = parseWorkflowName(workflowName); + const filename = parsedName?.moduleSpecifier || workflowName; + (node as { stack?: string }).stack = remapErrorStack( + nodeStack, + filename, + workflowCode + ); + } + node = (node as { cause?: unknown }).cause; + } + dehydratedError = await dehydrateRunError( + hydrated, + runId, + encryptionKey + ); + } catch (rehydrateErr) { + // If hydration / re-dehydration fails for any reason, fall + // back to passing through the original VM bytes (just apply + // encryption if configured). Better to lose source-mapped + // frames than to lose the error entirely. + runtimeLogger.warn( + 'Snapshot runtime: failed to remap workflow error stack, passing VM bytes through', + { + workflowRunId: runId, + message: (rehydrateErr as Error)?.message, + } + ); + dehydratedError = (await maybeEncrypt( + result.failed.valueBytes, + encryptionKey + )) as Uint8Array; + } + } else { + if (errorStack) { + reconstructed.stack = errorStack; + } + try { + dehydratedError = await dehydrateRunError( + reconstructed, + runId, + encryptionKey + ); + } catch (serErr) { + // Fall back to a minimal payload so the run still terminates + // even when the error itself contains unserializable values. + runtimeLogger.warn( + 'Snapshot runtime: failed to dehydrate run error, falling back to bare Error', + { workflowRunId: runId, message: (serErr as Error)?.message } + ); + dehydratedError = await dehydrateRunError( + Object.assign(new Error(result.failed.message), { + name: result.failed.name, + }), + runId, + encryptionKey + ); + } + } try { await world.events.create(runId, { eventType: 'run_failed', specVersion: SPEC_VERSION_CURRENT, eventData: { - error: { - message: result.failed.message, - stack: errorStack, - }, + error: dehydratedError, errorCode, }, }); diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts index cf33be621a..619c1f6f1a 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/snapshot-runtime.ts @@ -85,6 +85,17 @@ export interface SnapshotRuntimeResult { message: string; stack?: string; name?: string; + /** + * Format-prefixed devalue bytes of the original thrown value + * (Error subclass with cause chain, plain object, primitive, etc.). + * Set when the VM-side rejection handler successfully serializes + * the thrown value. The host uses these bytes to reconstruct the + * original value through the standard error hydration pipeline, + * preserving type identity (TypeError, FatalError) and non-Error + * throws verbatim. Falls back to the message/stack/name fields + * when this is undefined (e.g. extractError pseudo-failures). + */ + valueBytes?: Uint8Array; }; } @@ -677,10 +688,16 @@ export async function runSnapshotWorkflow( __wfn.apply(null, __args).then( function(result) { globalThis.__workflowResult = globalThis[Symbol.for("workflow-serialize")](result); }, function(error) { + // Preserve display info on the host-side failed object + // (matches the legacy host-visible shape) AND serialize the + // entire thrown value so the host can dehydrate the original + // type-identity, cause chain, or non-Error throws verbatim + // through the standard error pipeline. globalThis.__workflowError = { - message: error.message || String(error), - stack: error.stack || "", - name: error.name || "Error" + message: error && error.message != null ? String(error.message) : String(error), + stack: error && error.stack ? error.stack : "", + name: error && error.name ? error.name : (error instanceof Error ? "Error" : typeof error), + valueBytes: globalThis[Symbol.for("workflow-serialize")](error), }; } ); @@ -792,30 +809,54 @@ async function processEvents( ); if (hasResolver) { const errorData = eventData?.error; - const isErrorObject = - typeof errorData === 'object' && errorData !== null; - const msg = isErrorObject - ? (((errorData as Record).message as string) ?? - 'Step failed') - : typeof errorData === 'string' - ? errorData - : 'Step failed'; - // Extract the error stack from the event (set by the step handler) - const errorStack = - (isErrorObject - ? (errorData as Record).stack - : undefined) ?? (eventData?.stack as string | undefined); - // Create a FatalError (matching event-replay behavior where all - // step_failed events produce FatalError instances, enabling - // FatalError.is() detection in workflow catch blocks). - const stackAssignment = errorStack - ? `e.stack=${JSON.stringify(errorStack)};` - : ''; - vm.evalCode( - `(function(){var e=new Error(${JSON.stringify(msg)});e.name="FatalError";e.fatal=true;${stackAssignment}` + - `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].reject(e);` + - `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];})()` - ).dispose(); + if (errorData instanceof Uint8Array) { + // Modern path (post-#1851): the step handler dehydrated the + // thrown value through the first-class error pipeline. Decrypt + // (if encrypted) and pass the bytes to the VM-side deserializer + // so the workflow catch sees a properly typed Error subclass + // (TypeError, FatalError with original cause chain, etc.) with + // the original message and stack preserved. + const decrypted = (await decryptData( + errorData, + encryptionKey + )) as Uint8Array; + const bytesHandle = vm.newUint8Array(decrypted); + vm.setProp(vm.global, '__tmp_error', bytesHandle); + bytesHandle.dispose(); + vm.evalCode( + `(function(){` + + `var e=globalThis[Symbol.for("workflow-deserialize")](globalThis.__tmp_error);` + + `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].reject(e);` + + `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];` + + `delete globalThis.__tmp_error;` + + `})()` + ).dispose(); + } else { + // Legacy path: pre-pipeline events stored error as + // `{ message, stack, code }`. Reconstruct a FatalError so + // workflow catch can detect it via FatalError.is(), matching + // the original V1 step handler behavior. + const isErrorObject = + typeof errorData === 'object' && errorData !== null; + const msg = isErrorObject + ? (((errorData as Record).message as string) ?? + 'Step failed') + : typeof errorData === 'string' + ? errorData + : 'Step failed'; + const errorStack = + (isErrorObject + ? (errorData as Record).stack + : undefined) ?? (eventData?.stack as string | undefined); + const stackAssignment = errorStack + ? `e.stack=${JSON.stringify(errorStack)};` + : ''; + vm.evalCode( + `(function(){var e=new Error(${JSON.stringify(msg)});e.name="FatalError";e.fatal=true;${stackAssignment}` + + `globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"].reject(e);` + + `delete globalThis.__resolvers["${escapedCid}"];})()` + ).dispose(); + } { resolved = true; let b: number; @@ -1042,7 +1083,12 @@ function checkWorkflowState( using h = vm.evalCode('globalThis.__workflowError'); if (!h.isUndefined) { const errorObj = vm.dump(h) as - | { message: string; stack?: string; name?: string } + | { + message: string; + stack?: string; + name?: string; + valueBytes?: Uint8Array; + } | string; const failed = typeof errorObj === 'string' @@ -1051,6 +1097,7 @@ function checkWorkflowState( message: errorObj.message, stack: errorObj.stack || undefined, name: errorObj.name || undefined, + valueBytes: errorObj.valueBytes, }; runtimeLogger.error('Snapshot runtime: workflow failed in VM', { errorMessage: failed.message, diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts index 98dfb4c625..2c53032fb1 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/reducers/common-vm.ts @@ -43,6 +43,48 @@ function reviveArrayBuffer(value: string): ArrayBuffer { return bytes.buffer as ArrayBuffer; } +// ---- Error subclass helper ---- + +// Creates a reducer for a built-in Error subclass whose serialized shape +// is exactly { message, stack, cause? }. Matches by `value.name` +// (instance property) for cross-realm + bundler-output robustness — see +// the host-side common.ts for full rationale. +function makeNamedErrorSubclassReducer(subclassName: string) { + return ( + value: unknown + ): { message: string; stack?: string; cause?: unknown } | false => { + if (!(value instanceof Error)) return false; + if (value.name !== subclassName) return false; + const reduced: { message: string; stack?: string; cause?: unknown } = { + message: value.message, + stack: value.stack, + }; + if ('cause' in value) reduced.cause = (value as { cause: unknown }).cause; + return reduced; + }; +} + +// Creates a reviver for a built-in Error subclass. Looks up the +// constructor on globalThis so the resulting object passes +// `instanceof TypeError` etc. in the consuming realm. Falls back to +// a base Error with the right `.name` if the constructor is not +// available (defensive — built-ins always exist). +function makeNamedErrorSubclassReviver(subclassName: string) { + return (value: { message: string; stack?: string; cause?: unknown }) => { + const Cls = (globalThis as any)[subclassName]; + let error: Error; + if (typeof Cls === 'function') { + error = new Cls(value.message); + } else { + error = new Error(value.message); + error.name = subclassName; + } + if (value.stack !== undefined) error.stack = value.stack; + if ('cause' in value) (error as any).cause = (value as any).cause; + return error; + }; +} + // ---- Reducers ---- export function getCommonReducers(): Partial { @@ -72,14 +114,74 @@ export function getCommonReducers(): Partial { if ('cause' in value) reduced.cause = (value as any).cause; return reduced; }, + // First-class Error subclass reducers. Order matters: each subclass + // reducer is checked before the generic `Error` catch-all so that + // e.g. a TypeError instance routes through the TypeError reducer + // instead of the base Error reducer. Matching is by `value.name` + // (the instance property) for cross-realm + bundler robustness; + // see common.ts for full rationale. + AggregateError: (value) => { + if (!(value instanceof Error) || value.name !== 'AggregateError') + return false; + const reduced: SerializableSpecial['AggregateError'] = { + message: value.message, + stack: value.stack, + errors: (value as AggregateError).errors, + }; + if ('cause' in value) reduced.cause = (value as any).cause; + return reduced; + }, + EvalError: makeNamedErrorSubclassReducer('EvalError'), + FatalError: makeNamedErrorSubclassReducer('FatalError'), + RangeError: makeNamedErrorSubclassReducer('RangeError'), + ReferenceError: makeNamedErrorSubclassReducer('ReferenceError'), + // RetryableError carries an extra retryAfter; serialize as numeric + // epoch timestamp for cross-realm safety (see host-side common.ts). + RetryableError: (value) => { + if (!(value instanceof Error) || value.name !== 'RetryableError') + return false; + const retryAfterRaw = (value as any).retryAfter; + let retryAfter: number; + if ( + retryAfterRaw && + typeof retryAfterRaw === 'object' && + typeof (retryAfterRaw as { getTime?: unknown }).getTime === 'function' + ) { + const t = (retryAfterRaw as Date).getTime(); + retryAfter = Number.isNaN(t) ? Date.now() + 1000 : t; + } else if ( + typeof retryAfterRaw === 'string' || + typeof retryAfterRaw === 'number' + ) { + const t = new Date(retryAfterRaw).getTime(); + retryAfter = Number.isNaN(t) ? Date.now() + 1000 : t; + } else { + retryAfter = Date.now() + 1000; + } + const reduced: SerializableSpecial['RetryableError'] = { + message: value.message, + stack: value.stack, + retryAfter, + }; + if ('cause' in value) reduced.cause = (value as any).cause; + return reduced; + }, + SyntaxError: makeNamedErrorSubclassReducer('SyntaxError'), + TypeError: makeNamedErrorSubclassReducer('TypeError'), + URIError: makeNamedErrorSubclassReducer('URIError'), + // Base Error reducer — catch-all. Matched LAST after subclass-specific + // reducers above. Preserves `name` so user Error subclasses without + // dedicated reducers retain their identity through the round-trip. Error: (value) => { // In the VM, use instanceof Error (no node:util available) if (!(value instanceof Error)) return false; - return { + const reduced: SerializableSpecial['Error'] = { name: value.name, message: value.message, stack: value.stack, }; + if ('cause' in value) reduced.cause = (value as any).cause; + return reduced; }, Float32Array: (value) => value instanceof Float32Array && viewToBase64(value), @@ -214,10 +316,65 @@ export function getCommonRevivers(): Partial { if ('cause' in value) (error as any).cause = value.cause; return error; }, + AggregateError: (value) => { + const error = new AggregateError(value.errors ?? [], value.message); + if (value.stack !== undefined) error.stack = value.stack; + if ('cause' in value) (error as any).cause = value.cause; + return error; + }, + EvalError: makeNamedErrorSubclassReviver('EvalError'), + FatalError: (value) => { + // Prefer the host-registered FatalError class (registered via + // Symbol.for keys by @workflow/errors so `instanceof FatalError` + // works across realms). Fall back to a synthesized Error with + // the right .name when no registration is present. + // FatalError's constructor takes only `message`, so cause is + // attached as a property after construction (matching the host + // reviver in common.ts). + const Cls = (globalThis as any)[ + Symbol.for('@workflow/errors//FatalError') + ]; + let error: Error; + if (typeof Cls === 'function') { + error = new Cls(value.message); + } else { + error = new Error(value.message); + error.name = 'FatalError'; + } + if (value.stack !== undefined) error.stack = value.stack; + if ('cause' in value) (error as any).cause = (value as any).cause; + return error; + }, + RangeError: makeNamedErrorSubclassReviver('RangeError'), + ReferenceError: makeNamedErrorSubclassReviver('ReferenceError'), + RetryableError: (value) => { + // RetryableError's constructor accepts (message, { retryAfter }). + // Cause is attached after construction (the constructor does not + // forward it). retryAfter is stored as a Date in the VM realm. + const Cls = (globalThis as any)[ + Symbol.for('@workflow/errors//RetryableError') + ]; + const retryAfter = new Date(value.retryAfter); + let error: Error; + if (typeof Cls === 'function') { + error = new Cls(value.message, { retryAfter }); + } else { + error = new Error(value.message); + error.name = 'RetryableError'; + (error as any).retryAfter = retryAfter; + } + if (value.stack !== undefined) error.stack = value.stack; + if ('cause' in value) (error as any).cause = (value as any).cause; + return error; + }, + SyntaxError: makeNamedErrorSubclassReviver('SyntaxError'), + TypeError: makeNamedErrorSubclassReviver('TypeError'), + URIError: makeNamedErrorSubclassReviver('URIError'), Error: (value) => { const error = new Error(value.message); error.name = value.name; - error.stack = value.stack; + if (value.stack !== undefined) error.stack = value.stack; + if ('cause' in value) (error as any).cause = (value as any).cause; return error; }, Float32Array: (value: string) => new Float32Array(reviveArrayBuffer(value)), diff --git a/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow-vm.test.ts b/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow-vm.test.ts index bd934c3e65..37faba45bd 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow-vm.test.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/serialization/workflow-vm.test.ts @@ -142,6 +142,32 @@ describe('VM ↔ Node.js cross-compatibility', () => { expect(hydrated.closureVars).toEqual({ x: 42 }); }); + it('Node.js serialize TypeError → VM deserialize keeps subclass identity + cause', () => { + const cause = new TypeError('underlying'); + const wrapped = new Error('outer'); + (wrapped as any).cause = cause; + const nodeBytes = nodeSerialize(wrapped); + const result = vmDeserialize(nodeBytes) as Error; + expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(Error); + expect(result.message).toBe('outer'); + expect((result as any).cause).toBeInstanceOf(TypeError); + expect(((result as any).cause as Error).message).toBe('underlying'); + }); + + it('Node.js serialize built-in subclasses → VM deserialize preserves type identity', () => { + const cases: Array<[Error, new (...args: any[]) => Error]> = [ + [new TypeError('t'), TypeError], + [new RangeError('r'), RangeError], + [new SyntaxError('s'), SyntaxError], + [new ReferenceError('rf'), ReferenceError], + ]; + for (const [err, ctor] of cases) { + const result = vmDeserialize(nodeSerialize(err)) as Error; + expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(ctor); + expect(result.message).toBe(err.message); + } + }); + it('step result format: Node.js dehydrateStepReturnValue → VM deserialize', async () => { // This is the other critical path: step handler serializes result, VM deserializes const { dehydrateStepReturnValue } = await import('../serialization.js'); From a8776eeb1592d460b36f58c0e4c620aea8347450 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nathan Rajlich Date: Mon, 4 May 2026 23:46:40 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 124/124] Fix getPortLazy resolution in pnpm-strict app bundles (astro) When @workflow/utils is a transitive dep of the consumer app (e.g. astro depends on workflow but not @workflow/utils directly), pnpm strict node_modules isolation makes the package unresolvable from process.cwd(). The cwd-only createRequire then threw, getPortLazy silently fell back to undefined-getPort, and step-side getWorkflowMetadata().url defaulted to localhost:3000 instead of the real port. Add a fallback resolution from this module's own location (import.meta.url) so we find @workflow/utils as a peer of @workflow/core when the cwd path fails. Mirrors the dual-resolution pattern in world.ts:getRuntimeRequire. Symptom on CI: workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow failed on astro Local Prod and Local Postgres in snapshot mode because the workflow VM correctly read port 4321 (snapshot-entrypoint uses a static `import { getPort }` that bundlers resolve at build time) but the step path's getPortLazy couldn't reach @workflow/utils through astro's pnpm node_modules and reported port 3000. Replay mode incidentally hid the bug because BOTH the workflow and step paths fell back to 3000 (consistent-but-wrong) so the toStrictEqual(workflowMetadata, innerWorkflowMetadata) assertion passed despite both URLs being incorrect. --- packages/core/src/runtime/get-port-lazy.ts | 35 +++++++++++++++++----- 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/get-port-lazy.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/get-port-lazy.ts index e284df1228..7bb071dc3c 100644 --- a/packages/core/src/runtime/get-port-lazy.ts +++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/get-port-lazy.ts @@ -14,20 +14,39 @@ let _getPort: (() => Promise) | undefined; export async function getPortLazy(): Promise { if (!_getPort) { + // Construct specifier at runtime to defeat bundler static analysis. + const spec = ['@workflow/utils', 'get-port'].join('/'); + // Two resolution attempts so this works in both pnpm-strict app + // bundles (where the app's package.json doesn't list + // @workflow/utils as a direct dep) and in re-bundled CJS outputs: + // + // 1) Resolve from process.cwd() — works for hoisted-node_modules + // layouts where @workflow/utils is reachable from the app root. + // 2) Fall back to this module's own location — works when the + // consumer is pnpm-strict (transitive deps invisible from cwd) + // but @workflow/utils IS available as a peer of @workflow/core. + // + // Mirrors the dual-resolution pattern in `world.ts:getRuntimeRequire`. + let mod: { getPort?: () => Promise } | undefined; try { - // Construct specifier at runtime to defeat bundler static analysis. - const spec = ['@workflow/utils', 'get-port'].join('/'); - // Use process.cwd()-based createRequire for CJS/ESM compatibility. - // import.meta.url is unavailable in CJS re-bundled outputs. const _require = createRequire( pathToFileURL(process.cwd() + '/package.json').href ); - const mod = _require(spec); - _getPort = mod.getPort; + mod = _require(spec); } catch { - // Module not available (e.g., in a browser or minimal bundle) - _getPort = async () => undefined; + try { + // import.meta.url is undefined in CJS re-bundled outputs, but + // when it's present it points at @workflow/core's own location + // where @workflow/utils is always installed as a dep. + if (typeof import.meta?.url === 'string') { + const _require = createRequire(import.meta.url); + mod = _require(spec); + } + } catch { + // Fall through to undefined-getPort fallback + } } + _getPort = mod?.getPort ?? (async () => undefined); } return _getPort!(); }