diff --git a/miles/backends/fsdp_utils/actor.py b/miles/backends/fsdp_utils/actor.py
index e3c3ba46..e00837e5 100644
--- a/miles/backends/fsdp_utils/actor.py
+++ b/miles/backends/fsdp_utils/actor.py
@@ -381,11 +381,34 @@ def _train_core(self, rollout_id: int, rollout_data) -> None:
             parallel_state=self.parallel_state,
         )
 
+        # ------------- Recompute old log-probs (impl-consistent PPO ratio) -------------
+        if self.args.diffusion_recompute_old_log_prob:
+            with timer("recompute_old_log_prob"), torch.no_grad():
+                # Skip window 0: its training forward runs on the same pre-update weights and doubles as the recompute.
+                for microbatch_ranges in microbatch_schedule[1:]:
+                    legacy_pad_to_len = self._maybe_legacy_window_pad_len(train_pairs, microbatch_ranges)
+                    for pair_lo, pair_hi in microbatch_ranges:
+                        self._forward_train_pair_batch(
+                            train_pairs[pair_lo:pair_hi],
+                            use_cfg=use_cfg,
+                            guidance_scale=guidance_scale,
+                            true_cfg_scale=true_cfg_scale,
+                            clip_range=clip_range,
+                            noise_level=noise_level,
+                            num_train_timesteps=num_train_timesteps,
+                            log_stats=defaultdict(list),
+                            device=device,
+                            pad_to_len=legacy_pad_to_len,
+                            write_old_log_prob=True,
+                        )
+
         # ------------- Forward / Backward -------------
         with timer("actor_train"):
-            for microbatch_ranges in microbatch_schedule:
+            for optim_step_idx, microbatch_ranges in enumerate(microbatch_schedule):
                 self.optimizer.zero_grad(set_to_none=True)
 
+                old_log_prob_from_new = self.args.diffusion_recompute_old_log_prob and optim_step_idx == 0
+
                 num_local_pairs = sum(pair_hi - pair_lo for pair_lo, pair_hi in microbatch_ranges)
 
                 # LEGACY 2D parity: pad cond to the whole-window width. TODO: remove with legacy 2D path.
@@ -407,6 +430,7 @@ def _train_core(self, rollout_id: int, rollout_data) -> None:
                         device=device,
                         kl_beta=kl_beta,
                         pad_to_len=legacy_pad_to_len,
+                        old_log_prob_from_new=old_log_prob_from_new,
                     )
                     if not self.args.debug_skip_optimizer_step:
                         # ShardedGradScaler keeps fp16 policy grads from underflowing
@@ -461,8 +485,16 @@ def _forward_train_pair_batch(
         device: torch.device,
         kl_beta: float = 0.0,
         pad_to_len: int | None = None,
-    ) -> torch.Tensor:
-        """One DiT forward + PPO loss over ``len(batch)`` train pairs. Returns sum of per-pair losses."""
+        write_old_log_prob: bool = False,
+        old_log_prob_from_new: bool = False,
+    ) -> torch.Tensor | None:
+        """One DiT forward + PPO loss over ``len(batch)`` train pairs. Returns sum of per-pair losses.
+
+        With ``write_old_log_prob``, the computed log-prob overwrites each pair's
+        ``log_prob_old`` and no loss is returned (caller wraps in ``no_grad``).
+
+        With ``old_log_prob_from_new``, the PPO ratio uses this forward's detached
+        log-prob as old (valid only under pre-update weights)."""
         forward_dtype = self._forward_dtype
         train_pipeline_config = self.train_pipeline_config
         bsz = len(batch)
@@ -589,8 +621,13 @@ def _compute_noise_pred(disable_adapter: bool = False) -> torch.Tensor:
             noise_level=noise_level,
         )
 
+        if write_old_log_prob:
+            for pair, log_prob in zip(batch, log_prob_new_microbatch, strict=True):
+                pair["log_prob_old"] = log_prob.cpu()
+            return None
+
         log_prob_new = log_prob_new_microbatch  # (bsz,) -- sde_step_with_logprob means over non-batch dims
-        log_prob_old = log_prob_old_microbatch  # (bsz,)
+        log_prob_old = log_prob_new.detach() if old_log_prob_from_new else log_prob_old_microbatch  # (bsz,)
         ratio = torch.exp(log_prob_new - log_prob_old)  # (bsz,)
         unclipped = -advantage * ratio
         clipped = -advantage * torch.clamp(ratio, 1.0 - clip_range, 1.0 + clip_range)
diff --git a/miles/utils/arguments.py b/miles/utils/arguments.py
index c123cf51..e38fbd8f 100644
--- a/miles/utils/arguments.py
+++ b/miles/utils/arguments.py
@@ -130,6 +130,16 @@ def add_train_arguments(parser):
                 default=5.0,
                 help="Max absolute value for advantage clipping in diffusion training.",
             )
+            parser.add_argument(
+                "--diffusion-recompute-old-log-prob",
+                action="store_true",
+                help=(
+                    "Recompute old log-probs with the trainer forward (pre-update weights) "
+                    "instead of using rollout-stored values, making the PPO ratio "
+                    "implementation-consistent. The first optimizer window skips the extra "
+                    "pass and reuses its training forward's log-prob (ratio == 1)."
+                ),
+            )
             parser.add_argument(
                 "--diffusion-kl-beta",
                 type=float,