diff --git a/docs/changelog/3268.bugfix.rst b/docs/changelog/3268.bugfix.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..76bd5072b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/changelog/3268.bugfix.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Make the embedded SBOM's ``serialNumber`` a deterministic UUID derived from the package name, version and bundled wheel
+hashes, so the same source tree produces a byte-identical SBOM, and validate the SBOM's structure as part of the
+packaging checks that already run on every pull request.
diff --git a/hatch_build.py b/hatch_build.py
index 9a5a690e8..eadf5f87e 100644
--- a/hatch_build.py
+++ b/hatch_build.py
@@ -3,13 +3,15 @@
 import ast
 import json
 import tempfile
+import uuid
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, Final
 
 from hatchling.builders.hooks.plugin.interface import BuildHookInterface
 
-_ROOT = Path(__file__).parent
-_EMBED_INIT = _ROOT / "src" / "virtualenv" / "seed" / "wheels" / "embed" / "__init__.py"
+_ROOT: Final[Path] = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
+_EMBED_INIT: Final[Path] = _ROOT / "src" / "virtualenv" / "seed" / "wheels" / "embed" / "__init__.py"
+_SBOM_NAMESPACE: Final[uuid.UUID] = uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_URL, "https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/sboms")
 
 
 class SbomBuildHook(BuildHookInterface):
@@ -39,25 +41,11 @@ def initialize(self, version: str, build_data: dict[str, Any]) -> None:  # ruff:
         build_data["sbom_files"].append(str(out))
 
 
-def _bundled_wheels() -> dict[str, str]:
-    tree = ast.parse(_EMBED_INIT.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
-    sha256_by_name = {}
-    for node in tree.body:
-        if isinstance(node, ast.Assign) and any(
-            isinstance(target, ast.Name) and target.id == "BUNDLE_SHA256" for target in node.targets
-        ):
-            sha256_by_name = ast.literal_eval(node.value)
-            break
-    if not sha256_by_name:
-        msg = f"BUNDLE_SHA256 not found in {_EMBED_INIT}"
-        raise RuntimeError(msg)
-    return sha256_by_name
-
-
 def _cyclonedx_document(version: str, name: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    wheel_sha256 = _bundled_wheels()
     components = []
     dependencies = [{"ref": f"pkg:pypi/{name}@{version}", "dependsOn": []}]
-    for filename, sha256 in sorted(_bundled_wheels().items()):
+    for filename, sha256 in sorted(wheel_sha256.items()):
         distribution, wheel_version = filename.split("-")[:2]
         purl = f"pkg:pypi/{distribution}@{wheel_version}"
         components.append({
@@ -80,6 +68,7 @@ def _cyclonedx_document(version: str, name: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
     return {
         "bomFormat": "CycloneDX",
         "specVersion": "1.6",
+        "serialNumber": _serial_number(name, version, wheel_sha256),
         "version": 1,
         "metadata": {
             "component": {
@@ -93,3 +82,25 @@ def _cyclonedx_document(version: str, name: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
         "components": components,
         "dependencies": dependencies,
     }
+
+
+def _bundled_wheels() -> dict[str, str]:
+    tree = ast.parse(_EMBED_INIT.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+    sha256_by_name = {}
+    for node in tree.body:
+        if isinstance(node, ast.Assign) and any(
+            isinstance(target, ast.Name) and target.id == "BUNDLE_SHA256" for target in node.targets
+        ):
+            sha256_by_name = ast.literal_eval(node.value)
+            break
+    if not sha256_by_name:
+        msg = f"BUNDLE_SHA256 not found in {_EMBED_INIT}"
+        raise RuntimeError(msg)
+    return sha256_by_name
+
+
+def _serial_number(name: str, version: str, wheel_sha256: dict[str, str]) -> str:
+    # uuid5 rather than uuid4: deterministic on the inputs that actually change the SBOM's content, so two builds
+    # of the same commit against the same bundled wheels produce a byte-identical document
+    payload = f"{name}@{version}+{','.join(f'{k}:{v}' for k, v in sorted(wheel_sha256.items()))}"
+    return f"urn:uuid:{uuid.uuid5(_SBOM_NAMESPACE, payload)}"
diff --git a/tasks/validate_sbom.py b/tasks/validate_sbom.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bf6f4d8f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tasks/validate_sbom.py
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+"""Check that a built wheel's embedded SBOM satisfies what a consumer like actions/attest requires."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import re
+import sys
+import zipfile
+from pathlib import Path
+
+_SERIAL_PATTERN = re.compile(r"^urn:uuid:[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}$")
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    directory = Path(sys.argv[1])
+    wheels = sorted(directory.glob("*.whl"))
+    if len(wheels) != 1:
+        msg = f"expected exactly one wheel in {directory}, found {len(wheels)}: {[w.name for w in wheels]}"
+        raise SystemExit(msg)
+    wheel = wheels[0]
+    problems = validate(wheel)
+    if problems:
+        for problem in problems:
+            print(f"SBOM invalid: {problem}")  # ruff:ignore[print]
+        raise SystemExit(1)
+    print(f"SBOM in {wheel.name} is structurally valid")  # ruff:ignore[print]
+
+
+def validate(wheel: Path) -> list[str]:
+    with zipfile.ZipFile(wheel) as archive:
+        names = archive.namelist()
+        sbom_name = next((name for name in names if name.endswith("/sboms/virtualenv.cdx.json")), None)
+        if sbom_name is None:
+            return ["no .dist-info/sboms/virtualenv.cdx.json found in the wheel"]
+        document = json.loads(archive.read(sbom_name))
+
+    problems = []
+    if document.get("bomFormat") != "CycloneDX":
+        problems.append(f"bomFormat must be 'CycloneDX', got {document.get('bomFormat')!r}")
+    if document.get("specVersion") != "1.6":
+        problems.append(f"specVersion must be '1.6', got {document.get('specVersion')!r}")
+    if document.get("version") != 1:
+        problems.append(f"version must be 1, got {document.get('version')!r}")
+
+    serial = document.get("serialNumber")
+    if not serial or not _SERIAL_PATTERN.match(serial):
+        # optional in the CycloneDX spec itself, but actions/attest's format sniffer requires it to recognize
+        # the document as CycloneDX at all, and silently rejects anything missing it as an unknown format
+        problems.append(f"serialNumber must match {_SERIAL_PATTERN.pattern}, got {serial!r}")
+
+    root_ref = document.get("metadata", {}).get("component", {}).get("bom-ref")
+    if not root_ref:
+        problems.append("metadata.component.bom-ref is missing")
+
+    component_refs = {component.get("bom-ref") for component in document.get("components", [])}
+    dependency_entries = {
+        entry.get("ref"): set(entry.get("dependsOn", [])) for entry in document.get("dependencies", [])
+    }
+    unknown_refs = set(dependency_entries) - component_refs - {root_ref}
+    if unknown_refs:
+        problems.append(f"dependencies entries with no matching component: {sorted(unknown_refs)}")
+
+    root_depends_on = dependency_entries.get(root_ref)
+    if root_depends_on is None:
+        problems.append(f"no dependencies entry for the root component {root_ref!r}")
+    elif root_depends_on != component_refs:
+        problems.append(f"root dependsOn {sorted(root_depends_on)} does not match components {sorted(component_refs)}")
+
+    return problems
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/tox.toml b/tox.toml
index 7d9b6aba6..4415bde6c 100644
--- a/tox.toml
+++ b/tox.toml
@@ -114,13 +114,14 @@ commands = [
 ]
 
 [env.readme]
-description = "check that the long description is valid"
+description = "check that the long description, wheel contents and embedded SBOM are valid"
 skip_install = true
 dependency_groups = [ "pkg-meta" ]
 commands = [
   [ "uv", "build", "--sdist", "--wheel", "--out-dir", "{env_tmp_dir}", "." ],
   [ "twine", "check", "{env_tmp_dir}{/}*" ],
   [ "check-wheel-contents", "--no-config", "{env_tmp_dir}" ],
+  [ "python", "{tox_root}{/}tasks{/}validate_sbom.py", "{env_tmp_dir}" ],
 ]
 
 [env.rp]