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slight updates to the docs
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‎PICA_README.md‎

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@@ -116,54 +116,52 @@ Here is a meticulously verified summary of the key measurement specifications fo
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| Parameter | Lower Limit | Higher Limit | Best Resolution |
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| :------------------------ | :------------------------------------------------ | :-------------- | :------------------------------------------ |
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| **Resistance** | **~10 nΩ** (Practical limit set by system noise) | **1 GΩ** | **1 nV** (Voltage Resolution on 2182A) |
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| **Current Source (6221)** | **2 nA** | **100 mA** | **100 pA** (on the 2 nA range) |
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| **Voltage Measure (2182A)** | **1 nV** | **120 V** | **1 nV** (on the 10 mV range) |
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| **Current Source (6221)** | **100 fA** | **105 mA** | **100 fA** (on the 2 nA range) |
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| **Voltage Measure (2182A)** | **1 nV** | **100 V** | **1 nV** (on the 10 mV range) |
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---
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#### Keithley 2400 SourceMeter (Mid-Range Resistance)
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**Primary Use:** Versatile four-probe I-V and R-T measurements for a broad range of materials.
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| Parameter | Lower Limit (Source / Measure) | Higher Limit (Source / Measure) | Best Resolution (Source / Measure) |
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| :----------------------------- | :----------------------------- | :------------------------------ | :--------------------------------- |
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| **Resistance** | **< 0.2 Ω** | **> 200 MΩ** | **10 µΩ** (on the 200Ω range) |
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| **Voltage** | **±5 µV / ±1 µV** | **±210 V / ±210 V** | **1 µV / 100 nV** |
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| **Current** | **±10 pA / ±1 pA** | **±1.05 A / ±1.05 A** | **1 pA / 10 fA** |
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| Parameter | Lower Limit (Source / Measure) | Higher Limit (Source / Measure) | Best Resolution (Source / Measure) |
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| :----------------------------- | :----------------------------- | :------------------------------ | :----------------------------------- |
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| **Resistance** | **< 0.2 Ω** | **> 200 MΩ** | **100 µΩ** (on the 20Ω range) |
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| **Voltage** | **5 µV / 1 µV** | **±210 V / ±210 V** | **5 µV / 100 nV** (6.5-digit mode) |
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| **Current** | **50 pA / 10 pA** | **±1.05 A / ±1.05 A** | **50 pA / 10 pA** |
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---
134134

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#### Keithley 6517B Electrometer (High Resistance & Pyroelectric)
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**Primary Use:** Characterizing highly insulating materials and measuring pyroelectric currents.
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| Parameter | Lower Limit | Higher Limit | Best Resolution |
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| :----------------------------- | :------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------ | :--------------------------------------------- |
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| **Resistance** | **< 10 Ω** | **> 10 PΩ** ($10^{16}$ Ω) | **10 aΩ** ($10^{-17}$ Ω, calculated) |
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| **Current (Pyroelectric)** | **10 aA** ($10 \times 10^{-18}$ A) | **21 mA** | **10 aA** |
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| **Voltage** | **1 µV** | **210 V** | **1 µV** |
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| **Charge** | **10 fC** | **2.1 µC** | **10 fC** |
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| Parameter | Lower Limit | Higher Limit | Best Resolution |
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| :----------------------------- | :---------------------------------------- | :------------------------------ | :--------------------------------------------- |
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| **Resistance** | **1 Ω** | **> 10 PΩ** ($10^{16}$ Ω) | **Derived** (from I-measure) |
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| **Current (Pyroelectric)** | **10 aA** ($10 \times 10^{-18}$ A) | **20 mA** | **10 aA** |
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| **Voltage** | **1 µV** | **200 V** | **1 µV** |
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| **Charge** | **10 fC** | **2 µC** | **10 fC** |
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---
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147147
#### Keysight E4980A Precision LCR Meter (C-V Measurements)
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**Primary Use:** Capacitance-Voltage (C-V) and impedance characterization.
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| Parameter | Lower Limit | Higher Limit | Best Resolution |
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| :------------------- | :----------------------------------------- | :----------------------------------------- | :------------------------ |
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| **Capacitance (C)** | Dependent on frequency and test signal | Dependent on frequency and test signal | **0.05%** (Basic Accuracy)|
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| **Inductance (L)** | Dependent on frequency and test signal | Dependent on frequency and test signal | **0.05%** (Basic Accuracy)|
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| **Resistance (R)** | Dependent on frequency and test signal | Dependent on frequency and test signal | **0.05%** (Basic Accuracy)|
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| **Frequency** | **20 Hz** | **2 MHz** | **0.01 Hz** |
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| **DC Bias** | **-40 V** | **+40 V** | **0.3 mV** |
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| Parameter | Lower Limit | Higher Limit | Best Resolution |
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| :------------------- | :----------------------------------------- | :----------------------------------------- | :----------------------------------------- |
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| **Basic Accuracy** | Varies with conditions | Varies with conditions | **0.05%** (under optimal conditions) |
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| **Frequency** | **20 Hz** | **2 MHz** | **Tiered** (e.g., 0.01 Hz at low freq.) |
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| **DC Bias** | **-40 V** | **+40 V** | **0.3 mV** (Requires Option 001) |
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---
159157

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#### Lake Shore 350 Temperature Controller
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**Primary Use:** Precise temperature control and monitoring for temperature-dependent measurements.
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| Sensor Type | Lower Temp. Limit | Higher Temp. Limit | Best Resolution (Sensor Units) | Best Resolution (Temp) |
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| :--------------- | :---------------- | :----------------- | :----------------------------- | :------------------------- |
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| **Diode (DT-670)** | **1.4 K** | **500 K** | **10 µV** | **< 0.1 mK** (at low temps)|
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| **Platinum RTD** | **14 K** | **873 K** | **0.1 mΩ** | **< 1 mK** |
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| Sensor Type | Lower Temp. Limit | Higher Temp. Limit | Best Resolution (Temp) | Notes |
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| :--------------- | :---------------- | :----------------- | :------------------------- | :----------------------------------------- |
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| **Diode (DT-670)** | **1.4 K** | **500 K** | **< 0.1 mK** | At cryogenic temperatures |
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| **Platinum RTD** | **14 K** | **873 K** | **< 1 mK** | At cryogenic temperatures |
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‎README.md‎

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -177,48 +177,46 @@ Here is a meticulously verified summary of the key measurement specifications fo
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| Parameter | Lower Limit | Higher Limit | Best Resolution |
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| :------------------------ | :------------------------------------------------ | :-------------- | :------------------------------------------ |
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| **Resistance** | **~10 nΩ** (Practical limit set by system noise) | **1 GΩ** | **1 nV** (Voltage Resolution on 2182A) |
180-
| **Current Source (6221)** | **2 nA** | **100 mA** | **100 pA** (on the 2 nA range) |
181-
| **Voltage Measure (2182A)** | **1 nV** | **120 V** | **1 nV** (on the 10 mV range) |
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| **Current Source (6221)** | **100 fA** | **105 mA** | **100 fA** (on the 2 nA range) |
181+
| **Voltage Measure (2182A)** | **1 nV** | **100 V** | **1 nV** (on the 10 mV range) |
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---
183183

184184
#### Keithley 2400 SourceMeter (Mid-Range Resistance)
185185
**Primary Use:** Versatile four-probe I-V and R-T measurements for a broad range of materials.
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| Parameter | Lower Limit (Source / Measure) | Higher Limit (Source / Measure) | Best Resolution (Source / Measure) |
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| :----------------------------- | :----------------------------- | :------------------------------ | :--------------------------------- |
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| **Resistance** | **< 0.2 Ω** | **> 200 MΩ** | **10 µΩ** (on the 200Ω range) |
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| **Voltage** | **±5 µV / ±1 µV** | **±210 V / ±210 V** | **1 µV / 100 nV** |
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| **Current** | **±10 pA / ±1 pA** | **±1.05 A / ±1.05 A** | **1 pA / 10 fA** |
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| Parameter | Lower Limit (Source / Measure) | Higher Limit (Source / Measure) | Best Resolution (Source / Measure) |
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| :----------------------------- | :----------------------------- | :------------------------------ | :----------------------------------- |
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| **Resistance** | **< 0.2 Ω** | **> 200 MΩ** | **100 µΩ** (on the 20Ω range) |
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| **Voltage** | **5 µV / 1 µV** | **±210 V / ±210 V** | **5 µV / 100 nV** (6.5-digit mode) |
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| **Current** | **50 pA / 10 pA** | **±1.05 A / ±1.05 A** | **50 pA / 10 pA** |
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#### Keithley 6517B Electrometer (High Resistance & Pyroelectric)
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**Primary Use:** Characterizing highly insulating materials and measuring pyroelectric currents.
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| Parameter | Lower Limit | Higher Limit | Best Resolution |
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| :----------------------------- | :------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------ | :--------------------------------------------- |
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| **Resistance** | **< 10 Ω** | **> 10 PΩ** ($10^{16}$ Ω) | **10 aΩ** ($10^{-17}$ Ω, calculated) |
198-
| **Current (Pyroelectric)** | **10 aA** ($10 \times 10^{-18}$ A) | **21 mA** | **10 aA** |
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| **Voltage** | **1 µV** | **210 V** | **1 µV** |
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| **Charge** | **10 fC** | **2.1 µC** | **10 fC** |
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| Parameter | Lower Limit | Higher Limit | Best Resolution |
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| :----------------------------- | :---------------------------------------- | :------------------------------ | :--------------------------------------------- |
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| **Resistance** | **1 Ω** | **> 10 PΩ** ($10^{16}$ Ω) | **Derived** (from I-measure) |
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| **Current (Pyroelectric)** | **10 aA** ($10 \times 10^{-18}$ A) | **20 mA** | **10 aA** |
199+
| **Voltage** | **1 µV** | **200 V** | **1 µV** |
200+
| **Charge** | **10 fC** | **2 µC** | **10 fC** |
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---
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#### Keysight E4980A Precision LCR Meter (C-V Measurements)
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**Primary Use:** Capacitance-Voltage (C-V) and impedance characterization.
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| Parameter | Lower Limit | Higher Limit | Best Resolution |
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| :------------------- | :----------------------------------------- | :----------------------------------------- | :------------------------ |
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| **Capacitance (C)** | Dependent on frequency and test signal | Dependent on frequency and test signal | **0.05%** (Basic Accuracy)|
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| **Inductance (L)** | Dependent on frequency and test signal | Dependent on frequency and test signal | **0.05%** (Basic Accuracy)|
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| **Resistance (R)** | Dependent on frequency and test signal | Dependent on frequency and test signal | **0.05%** (Basic Accuracy)|
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| **Frequency** | **20 Hz** | **2 MHz** | **0.01 Hz** |
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| **DC Bias** | **-40 V** | **+40 V** | **0.3 mV** |
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| Parameter | Lower Limit | Higher Limit | Best Resolution |
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| :------------------- | :----------------------------------------- | :----------------------------------------- | :----------------------------------------- |
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| **Basic Accuracy** | Varies with conditions | Varies with conditions | **0.05%** (under optimal conditions) |
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| **Frequency** | **20 Hz** | **2 MHz** | **Tiered** (e.g., 0.01 Hz at low freq.) |
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| **DC Bias** | **-40 V** | **+40 V** | **0.3 mV** (Requires Option 001) |
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---
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#### Lake Shore 350 Temperature Controller
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**Primary Use:** Precise temperature control and monitoring for temperature-dependent measurements.
218-
| Sensor Type | Lower Temp. Limit | Higher Temp. Limit | Best Resolution (Sensor Units) | Best Resolution (Temp) |
219-
| :--------------- | :---------------- | :----------------- | :----------------------------- | :------------------------- |
220-
| **Diode (DT-670)** | **1.4 K** | **500 K** | **10 µV** | **< 0.1 mK** (at low temps)|
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| **Platinum RTD** | **14 K** | **873 K** | **0.1 mΩ** | **< 1 mK** |
216+
| Sensor Type | Lower Temp. Limit | Higher Temp. Limit | Best Resolution (Temp) | Notes |
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| :--------------- | :---------------- | :----------------- | :------------------------- | :----------------------------------------- |
218+
| **Diode (DT-670)** | **1.4 K** | **500 K** | **< 0.1 mK** | At cryogenic temperatures |
219+
| **Platinum RTD** | **14 K** | **873 K** | **< 1 mK** | At cryogenic temperatures |
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## Getting Started
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