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Author: prathameshnium

paper/paper.md

@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ bibliography: paper.bib
 
 # Summary
 
-High-precision, low-noise transport measurements are essential for advancing research in spintronics and materials characterization. To enable such progress, highly precise and accurate automation software is required. PICA (Python-based Instrument Control and Automation) is a modular, open-source software suite designed to automate advanced transport measurements for electronic devices and chemical samples. PICA is designed as a versatile framework capable of operating on any standard laboratory workstation. 
-It provides an extensible, unified graphical user interface (GUI)-based standalone program to coordinate high-precision instruments, specifically ultra-low current source (DC/AC) units, nanovoltmeters, high-resistance electrometers, impedance analyser, and temperature controllers. Built on the robust Python scientific ecosystem, PICA leverages community standard libraries as an alternative to licenced commercial software for instrument control.
+High-precision, low-noise transport measurements are essential for advancing research in spintronics and materials characterisation. To enable such progress, highly precise and accurate automation software is required. PICA (Python-based Instrument Control and Automation) is a modular open-source software suite designed to automate advanced transport measurements for electronic devices and chemical samples. PICA is designed as a versatile framework capable of operating on any standard laboratory workstation. 
+It provides an extensible, unified graphical user interface (GUI)-based standalone program to coordinate high-precision instruments, specifically ultra-low current source (DC/AC) units, nanovoltmeters, high-resistance electrometers, impedance analyser, and temperature controllers. Built on the robust Python scientific ecosystem, PICA leverages community standard libraries as an alternative to licensed commercial software for instrument control.
 By utilising `threading` and `multiprocessing` capabilities, PICA ensures that the entire hardware ecosystem functions seamlessly and as a single cohesive unit. This allows the system to perform automated protocols, including temperature-dependent wide ranges of resistance measurement ($10^{-8}$ - $10^{16}$ Ω), current voltage (I-V) characterisation,  capacitance characterisation, and pyroelectric current measurement, and orchestrates measurements under varying magnetic fields and temperatures without requiring physical reconfiguration of the measurement setups. 
 
 
@@ -44,13 +44,13 @@ While powerful ecosystem libraries such as PyVISA [@grecco2023pyvisa] and PyMeas
 
 PICA addresses this gap by functioning as a turnkey application rather than as a library. It offers a "ready-to-run" graphical interface that abstracts the underlying control logic, allowing experimentalists to focus on data acquisition without needing to develop custom software scripts for the supported hardware configurations.
 PICA’s architecture is designed to be highly configurable, enabling users to readily adapt it to their specific requirements and to implement user‑defined protocols in addition to the standard measurement protocols already provided. It eliminates the need for reconfiguring the measurement setup to achieve comprehensive characterisation, enabling continuous operation across the full range from ultra-low-resistance measurements (the current reversal technique effectively removes constant offsets and improves the signal-to-noise ratio) for superconductors to high-impedance electrometric measurements for high-band gap insulators (covering 24 orders of magnitude in resistance), using a single unified framework.
-Pyroelectric measurement performed using an electrometer enables highly sensitive characterization of ferroelectric phase transitions by detecting extremely small pyroelectric currents, with a resolution on the order of $10^{-15}$ A. The impedance analyzer enables the characterization of capacitance anomalies over the frequency range from 20 Hz to 2 MHz and is utilized for magnetocapacitance and photoinduced characterization across a wide variety of multiferroic systems. Thus, the primary objective of PICA is to serve as a robust software platform that enables advanced, high‑precision characterisation of materials.
+Pyroelectric measurement performed using an electrometer enables a highly sensitive characterisation of ferroelectric phase transitions by detecting extremely small pyroelectric currents, with a resolution on the order of $10^{-15}$ A. The impedance analyser enables the characterisation of capacitance anomalies over the frequency range from 20 Hz to 2 MHz and is utilised for magnetocapacitance and photoinduced characterisation across a wide variety of multiferroic systems. Thus, the primary objective of PICA is to serve as a robust software platform that enables advanced high‑precision characterisation of materials.
 
-The system is currently validated with scientific benchmark SMU hardware, including the AC-DC current source (Model: 6221, Keithley), the Nanovoltmeter (Model: 2182, Keithley), the Electrometer (Model: 6517B, Keithley), the DC Source Measure Unit (Model: 2400, Keithley), the impedance analyser (Model: E4980A, Keysight), and the temperature controller (Model: 350/340, Lakeshore). While the current implementation drives specific instruments, the underlying framework is highly customizable. Researchers using different hardware models need only replace the specific SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments) commands with their instrument equivalent commands to utilise the suite.
+The system is currently validated with scientific benchmark SMU hardware, including the AC-DC current source (Model: 6221, Keithley), the Nanovoltmeter (Model: 2182, Keithley), the Electrometer (Model: 6517B, Keithley), the DC Source Measure Unit (Model: 2400, Keithley), the impedance analyser (Model: E4980A, Keysight), and the temperature controller (Model: 350/340, Lakeshore). While the current implementation drives specific instruments, the underlying framework is highly customisable. Researchers using different hardware models need only replace the specific SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments) commands with their instrument equivalent commands to utilise the suite.
 
 It differentiates itself through the following unique features:
 
-* **Accessibility:** A User-friendly GUI dashboard that allows researchers without coding experience to configure and run a complex measurement protocol immediately using the suite's pre-packaged measurement modules.
+* **Accessibility:** A user-friendly GUI dashboard that allows researchers without coding experience to configure and run a complex measurement protocol immediately using the suite's pre-packaged measurement modules.
 
 * **Operational Validation:** PICA's protocols are actively used for transport measurements at cryogenic temperature using a laboratory-built, custom-designed, multifunctional cryostatic probe in-conjunction with the Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS, DynaCool, Quantum Design) (temperature range: 5-380 K, magnetic field: up to 14 tesla) at the UGC DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Mumbai Centre, validating the software's core architecture in a real-world research environment and providing a stable, tested foundation for the university and researchers to build upon.
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ PICA utilises **PyVISA** [@grecco2023pyvisa] to abstract the low-level communica
 
 ### Testing and Simulation
 
-To ensure measurement reliability, all of these modules were thoroughly tested with the corresponding hardware. Additionally, to facilitate development without constant access to physical instruments, PICA includes a testing suite that uses `pytest`. The suite employs `unittest.mock` to simulate VISA resources, allowing for the verification of backend logic streams, class structure, and command sequences in a continuous integration environment.
+To ensure measurement reliability, all of these modules were thoroughly tested with the corresponding hardware. Additionally, to facilitate development without constant access to physical instruments, PICA includes a testing suite that uses `pytest`. The suite employs `unittest.mock` to simulate VISA resources, allowing verification of backend logic streams, class structure, and command sequences in a continuous integration environment.
 
 
 # Acknowledgements