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corrected some of the specs
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‎PICA_README.md‎

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@@ -110,60 +110,41 @@ The PICA suite is organized into modules, each containing a frontend GUI applica
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## Instrument Specifications
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Here is a meticulously verified summary of the key measurement specifications for the instruments used in the PICA project. All values have been cross-referenced with the provided instrument manuals to ensure accuracy.
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### 1. Facilities: High Voltage Poling
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#### Keithley 6221 Current Source + 2182A Nanovoltmeter System (Low Resistance)
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**Primary Use:** High-precision, low-resistance I-V and R-T measurements via **Delta Mode**.
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**Overview**
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This facility provides users with a dedicated setup for **In-situ and ex-situ electrical poling** of materials in a controlled vacuum environment. It is designed to establish a uniform (ferroelectric) polarization state in samples before characterization.
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| Parameter | Lower Limit | Higher Limit | Best Resolution |
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| :------------------------ | :------------------------------------------------ | :-------------- | :------------------------------------------ |
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| **Resistance** | **~10 nΩ** (Practical limit set by system noise) | **1 GΩ** | **1 nV** (Voltage Resolution on 2182A) |
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| **Current Source (6221)** | **100 fA** | **105 mA** | **100 fA** (on the 2 nA range) |
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| **Voltage Measure (2182A)** | **1 nV** | **100 V** | **1 nV** (on the 10 mV range) |
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* **Core Instrument:** Stanford Research Systems PS365 High Voltage Power Supply.
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---
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#### Keithley 2400 SourceMeter (Mid-Range Resistance)
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**Primary Use:** Versatile four-probe I-V and R-T measurements for a broad range of materials.
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**User Applications & Capabilities**
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* Prepare samples for pyroelectric current measurements and converse magnetoelectric studies.
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* Enable ex-situ neutron diffraction studies on poled materials.
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| Parameter | Lower Limit (Source / Measure) | Higher Limit (Source / Measure) | Best Resolution (Source / Measure) |
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| :----------------------------- | :----------------------------- | :------------------------------ | :----------------------------------- |
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| **Resistance** | **< 0.2 Ω** | **> 200 MΩ** | **100 µΩ** (on the 20Ω range) |
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| **Voltage** | **5 µV / 1 µV** | **±210 V / ±210 V** | **5 µV / 100 nV** (6.5-digit mode) |
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| **Current** | **50 pA / 10 pA** | **±1.05 A / ±1.05 A** | **50 pA / 10 pA** |
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**Key Specifications**
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* **Maximum Voltage:** +100 V to +10 kV.
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* **Maximum Current:** 1 mA.
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* **Precision Control:** Features 1 V setting and display resolution.
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* **High Stability:** 0.01% per hour drift for reliable, long-duration poling.
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---
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#### Keithley 6517B Electrometer (High Resistance & Pyroelectric)
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**Primary Use:** Characterizing highly insulating materials and measuring pyroelectric currents.
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### 2. Facilities: Advanced Cryogenic Transport Measurement System
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| Parameter | Lower Limit | Higher Limit | Best Resolution |
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| :----------------------------- | :---------------------------------------- | :------------------------------ | :--------------------------------------------- |
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| **Resistance** | **1 Ω** | **> 10 PΩ** ($10^{16}$ Ω) | **Derived** (from I-measure) |
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| **Current (Pyroelectric)** | **10 aA** ($10 \times 10^{-18}$ A) | **20 mA** | **10 aA** |
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| **Voltage** | **1 µV** | **200 V** | **1 µV** |
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| **Charge** | **1 fC** | **2 µC** | **10 fC** |
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---
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**Overview**
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This facility provides users with a comprehensive, modular system for characterizing the full spectrum of electronic transport properties in cryogenic environments. The setup integrates multiple high-precision instruments to cover the entire resistance scale, from superconductors to perfect insulators.
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#### Keysight E4980A Precision LCR Meter (C-V Measurements)
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**Primary Use:** Capacitance-Voltage (C-V) and impedance characterization.
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| Parameter | Lower Limit | Higher Limit | Best Resolution |
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| :------------------- | :----------------------------------------- | :----------------------------------------- | :----------------------------------------- |
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| **Basic Accuracy** | Varies with conditions | Varies with conditions | **0.05%** (under optimal conditions) |
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| **Frequency** | **20 Hz** | **2 MHz** | **Tiered** (e.g., 0.01 Hz at low freq.) |
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| **DC Bias** | **-40 V** | **+40 V** | **0.3 mV** (Requires Option 001) |
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---
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* **Temperature Range:** 80 K to 320 K.
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* **Complete Resistance Range:** $10~n\Omega$ to $10~P\Omega$, i.e., covering 24-orders-of-magnitude.
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#### Lake Shore 350 Temperature Controller
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**Primary Use:** Precise temperature control and monitoring for temperature-dependent measurements.
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**Measurement Modules**
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| Sensor Type | Lower Temp. Limit | Higher Temp. Limit | Best Resolution (Temp) | Notes |
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| :--------------- | :---------------- | :----------------- | :------------------------- | :----------------------------------------- |
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| **Diode (DT-670)** | **1.4 K** | **500 K** | **< 0.1 mK** | At cryogenic temperatures |
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| **Platinum RTD** | **14 K** | **873 K** | **< 1 mK** | At cryogenic temperatures |
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| Module | Configuration / Instrument | Use Case | Resistance Range |
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| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
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| **1. Low-Resistance (Delta Mode)** | **Keithley 6221** (Current Source) + **K2182** (Nanovoltmeter) | For superconductors & metallic films; actively cancels thermal offsets. | $10~n\Omega$ to $100~M\Omega$ |
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| **2. Mid-Resistance (Standard)** | **Keithley 2400** Source Meter | For semiconductors, oxides. | $100~\mu\Omega$ to $200~M\Omega$ |
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| **3. Mid-Resistance (High-Precision)** | **Keithley 2400** (Source) + **K2182** (Nanovoltmeter) | Detects subtle phase transitions in semiconductors, oxides. | $1~\mu\Omega$ to $100~M\Omega$ |
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| **4. High-Resistance** | **Keithley 6517B** Electrometer | Measures dielectrics, polymers, & ceramics. | $1~\Omega$ to $10~P\Omega$ ($10^{16}\Omega$) |
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‎PICA_v6.py‎

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GROUP_PAD_Y = 15
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# --- Left Column Suites ---
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self._create_suite_frame(left_col, 'Low Resistance (~10 nΩ to 200 MΩ)', "Current Driven", "Instruments: Keithley 6221/2182, Lakeshore 350", [
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self._create_suite_frame(left_col, 'Low Resistance (10 nΩ to 100 MΩ)', "Current Driven", "Instruments: Keithley 6221/2182, Lakeshore 350", [
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("Sweep Mode I-V ", "Delta Mode I-V Sweep"),
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("Delta Mode R vs. T (T_Control)", "Delta Mode R-T"),
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("Delta Mode R vs. T (T_Sensing)", "Delta Mode R-T (T_Sensing)"),
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])
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self._create_suite_frame(left_col, 'Mid Resistance (<0.2 Ω to >200 MΩ)', "Current Driven", "Instruments: Keithley 2400, Lakeshore 350", [
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self._create_suite_frame(left_col, 'Mid Resistance (100 µΩ to 200 MΩ)', "Current Driven", "Instruments: Keithley 2400, Lakeshore 350", [
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("I-V Sweep", "K2400 I-V"),
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("R vs. T (T_Control)", "K2400 R-T"),
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("R vs. T (T_Sensing)", "K2400 R-T (T_Sensing)"),
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])
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self._create_suite_frame(left_col, 'Mid Resistance, High Precision', "Current Driven", "Instruments: Keithley 2400/2182, Lakeshore 350", [
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self._create_suite_frame(left_col, 'Mid Resistance, High Precision (1 µΩ to 100 MΩ)', "Current Driven", "Instruments: Keithley 2400/2182, Lakeshore 350", [
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("I-V Sweep", "K2400_2182 I-V"),
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("R vs. T (T_Control)", "K2400_2182 R-T"),
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("R vs. T (T_Sensing)", "K2400_2182 R-T (T_Sensing)"),
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])
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# --- Right Column Suites ---
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self._create_suite_frame(right_col, 'High Resistance (1 Ω to >10 PΩ)', "Voltage Driven", "Instruments: Keithley 6517B, Lakeshore 350", [
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self._create_suite_frame(right_col, 'High Resistance (1 Ω to 10 PΩ)', "Voltage Driven", "Instruments: Keithley 6517B, Lakeshore 350", [
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("I-V Sweep", "K6517B I-V"),
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("R vs. T (T_Control)", "K6517B R-T"),
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("R vs. T (T_Sensing)", "K6517B R-T (T_Sensing)"),

‎README.md‎

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## Instrument Specifications
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PICA supports a range of common laboratory instruments. For a detailed summary of their measurement specifications, please see the Instrument Specifications Guide.
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### 1. Facilities: High Voltage Poling
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- **Source-Measure Units:** Keithley 2400, Keithley 6221, Keithley 6517B
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- **Nanovoltmeters:** Keithley 2182A
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- **LCR Meters:** Keysight E4980A
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- **Temperature Controllers:** Lakeshore 340, Lakeshore 350
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**Overview**
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This facility provides users with a dedicated setup for **In-situ and ex-situ electrical poling** of materials in a controlled vacuum environment. It is designed to establish a uniform (ferroelectric) polarization state in samples before characterization.
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* **Core Instrument:** Stanford Research Systems PS365 High Voltage Power Supply.
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**User Applications & Capabilities**
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* Prepare samples for pyroelectric current measurements and converse magnetoelectric studies.
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* Enable ex-situ neutron diffraction studies on poled materials.
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**Key Specifications**
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* **Maximum Voltage:** +100 V to +10 kV.
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* **Maximum Current:** 1 mA.
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* **Precision Control:** Features 1 V setting and display resolution.
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* **High Stability:** 0.01% per hour drift for reliable, long-duration poling.
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---
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### 2. Facilities: Advanced Cryogenic Transport Measurement System
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**Overview**
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This facility provides users with a comprehensive, modular system for characterizing the full spectrum of electronic transport properties in cryogenic environments. The setup integrates multiple high-precision instruments to cover the entire resistance scale, from superconductors to perfect insulators.
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* **Temperature Range:** 80 K to 320 K.
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* **Complete Resistance Range:** $10~n\Omega$ to $10~P\Omega$, i.e., covering 24-orders-of-magnitude.
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**Measurement Modules**
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| Module | Configuration / Instrument | Use Case | Resistance Range |
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| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
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| **1. Low-Resistance (Delta Mode)** | **Keithley 6221** (Current Source) + **K2182** (Nanovoltmeter) | For superconductors & metallic films; actively cancels thermal offsets. | $10~n\Omega$ to $100~M\Omega$ |
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| **2. Mid-Resistance (Standard)** | **Keithley 2400** Source Meter | For semiconductors, oxides. | $100~\mu\Omega$ to $200~M\Omega$ |
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| **3. Mid-Resistance (High-Precision)** | **Keithley 2400** (Source) + **K2182** (Nanovoltmeter) | Detects subtle phase transitions in semiconductors, oxides. | $1~\mu\Omega$ to $100~M\Omega$ |
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| **4. High-Resistance** | **Keithley 6517B** Electrometer | Measures dielectrics, polymers, & ceramics. | $1~\Omega$ to $10~P\Omega$ ($10^{16}\Omega$) |
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