diff --git a/.github/workflows/e2e-tests.yml b/.github/workflows/e2e-tests.yml
index fac692020a3..953b1c35ba8 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/e2e-tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/e2e-tests.yml
@@ -128,15 +128,19 @@ jobs:
               cd e2e/bug-14514
               composer install
               ../../bin/phpstan analyze bug-14515.php
-          # Fails since the revert of the bootstrap autoloader changes:
+          # Fails until https://github.com/phpstan/phpstan/issues/14988 is fixed again:
           # - script: |
           #     cd e2e/bug-14988
           #     composer install
           #     ../../bin/phpstan analyse
-          # - script: |
-          #     cd e2e/bug-12972b
-          #     composer install
-          #     ../../bin/phpstan analyze
+          - script: |
+              cd e2e/bug-12972b
+              composer install
+              ../../bin/phpstan analyze
+          - script: |
+              cd e2e/debug-class-loader
+              composer install
+              ../../bin/phpstan analyze
           - script: |
               cd e2e/bug-12972c
               composer install
diff --git a/e2e/debug-class-loader/.gitignore b/e2e/debug-class-loader/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..de4a392c331
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/debug-class-loader/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/vendor
+/composer.lock
diff --git a/e2e/debug-class-loader/bootstrap.php b/e2e/debug-class-loader/bootstrap.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6ad1c1bb33a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/debug-class-loader/bootstrap.php
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+// What a Symfony application's entry script does in dev: DebugClassLoader wraps every
+// registered autoloader and throws a RuntimeException when the file it found does not
+// declare the class it was asked for, or when the case does not match.
+require_once __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';
+
+Symfony\Component\ErrorHandler\DebugClassLoader::enable();
diff --git a/e2e/debug-class-loader/composer.json b/e2e/debug-class-loader/composer.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d89d22e6a80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/debug-class-loader/composer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+	"require": {
+		"symfony/error-handler": "^7.0"
+	},
+	"autoload": {
+		"psr-4": {
+			"DebugClassLoaderE2e\\": "src/"
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/e2e/debug-class-loader/phpstan.dist.neon b/e2e/debug-class-loader/phpstan.dist.neon
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cca0b81e7eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/debug-class-loader/phpstan.dist.neon
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+parameters:
+	level: 6
+	bootstrapFiles:
+		- bootstrap.php
+	paths:
+		- test.php
+	ignoreErrors:
+		# The point of this project is that analysis completes and reports the unknown class
+		# instead of dying inside the autoloader.
+		-
+			message: '#^Parameter \$widget of method DebugClassLoaderE2e\\Consumer\:\:doFoo\(\) has invalid type DebugClassLoaderE2e\\Widget\.$#'
+			path: test.php
diff --git a/e2e/debug-class-loader/src/Widget.php b/e2e/debug-class-loader/src/Widget.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..eaffc91390a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/debug-class-loader/src/Widget.php
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+namespace DebugClassLoaderE2e;
+
+// The declared name does not match the file name, so Composer's PSR-4 map sends
+// DebugClassLoaderE2e\Widget to this file and DebugClassLoader throws for it.
+class Widgets
+{
+
+}
diff --git a/e2e/debug-class-loader/test.php b/e2e/debug-class-loader/test.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9d1ae651806
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/debug-class-loader/test.php
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+namespace DebugClassLoaderE2e;
+
+class Consumer
+{
+
+	// Nothing ever instantiates the mistyped name, so no autoloader is invoked for it at
+	// runtime. PHPStan resolves every name it sees, so it does ask - and the exception used
+	// to abort the analysis of this file with an internal error instead of reporting the
+	// unknown class. See https://github.com/phpstan/phpstan/issues/14976
+	/** @param Widget $widget */
+	public function doFoo($widget): void
+	{
+	}
+
+}
diff --git a/src/Reflection/BetterReflection/SourceLocator/AutoloadFunctionsSourceLocator.php b/src/Reflection/BetterReflection/SourceLocator/AutoloadFunctionsSourceLocator.php
index 3da44c64bf1..15e129e4fdd 100644
--- a/src/Reflection/BetterReflection/SourceLocator/AutoloadFunctionsSourceLocator.php
+++ b/src/Reflection/BetterReflection/SourceLocator/AutoloadFunctionsSourceLocator.php
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 use PHPStan\BetterReflection\Reflection\Reflection;
 use PHPStan\BetterReflection\Reflector\Reflector;
 use PHPStan\BetterReflection\SourceLocator\Type\SourceLocator;
+use Throwable;
 use function class_exists;
 use function interface_exists;
 use function PHPStan\autoloadFunctions;
@@ -37,7 +38,19 @@ public function locateIdentifier(Reflector $reflector, Identifier $identifier):
 
 		$autoloadFunctions = autoloadFunctions();
 		foreach ($autoloadFunctions as $autoloadFunction) {
-			$autoloadFunction($className);
+			try {
+				$autoloadFunction($className);
+			} catch (Throwable) {
+				// This locator asks every bootstrap-registered autoloader for the class, which is not
+				// the order PHP uses: at runtime the class loader that resolves the class first is
+				// often another one, so an autoloader that throws for names outside its own scope is
+				// never invoked for them and its exception cannot happen. Letting it propagate here
+				// aborts the analysis of the file with an internal error instead, so it is swallowed
+				// and the remaining autoloaders and source locators get their turn. The class may
+				// still have been defined before the throw, so the locators below run either way.
+				// See https://github.com/phpstan/phpstan/issues/14976
+			}
+
 			$reflection = $this->autoloadSourceLocator->locateIdentifier($reflector, $identifier);
 			if ($reflection !== null) {
 				return $reflection;
diff --git a/src/Reflection/BetterReflection/SourceLocator/AutoloadSourceLocator.php b/src/Reflection/BetterReflection/SourceLocator/AutoloadSourceLocator.php
index 3c43f17c7cb..81de22c3957 100644
--- a/src/Reflection/BetterReflection/SourceLocator/AutoloadSourceLocator.php
+++ b/src/Reflection/BetterReflection/SourceLocator/AutoloadSourceLocator.php
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 use PHPStan\Type\ConstantTypeHelper;
 use ReflectionClass;
 use ReflectionFunction;
+use Throwable;
 use function array_key_exists;
 use function array_keys;
 use function class_exists;
@@ -343,7 +344,15 @@ static function () use ($className): ?array {
 					}
 
 					foreach ($functions as $preExistingAutoloader) {
-						$preExistingAutoloader($className);
+						try {
+							$preExistingAutoloader($className);
+						} catch (Throwable) {
+							// Asking every registered autoloader for the class is not the order PHP uses,
+							// so an autoloader that throws for names outside its own scope throws here for
+							// names it is never invoked for at runtime. Its exception would abort the
+							// analysis of the file with an internal error, so it is swallowed - the file the
+							// autoloader asked for before throwing is still recorded by the trap below.
+						}
 
 						/**
 						 * This static variable is populated by the side-effect of the stream wrapper
diff --git a/tests/PHPStan/Reflection/BetterReflection/SourceLocator/AutoloadFunctionsSourceLocatorTest.php b/tests/PHPStan/Reflection/BetterReflection/SourceLocator/AutoloadFunctionsSourceLocatorTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..272c2aa934d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/PHPStan/Reflection/BetterReflection/SourceLocator/AutoloadFunctionsSourceLocatorTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+namespace PHPStan\Reflection\BetterReflection\SourceLocator;
+
+use LogicException;
+use PhpParser\PrettyPrinter\Standard;
+use PHPStan\BetterReflection\Identifier\Identifier;
+use PHPStan\BetterReflection\Identifier\IdentifierType;
+use PHPStan\BetterReflection\Reflector\DefaultReflector;
+use PHPStan\BetterReflection\SourceLocator\Ast\Locator;
+use PHPStan\BetterReflection\SourceLocator\SourceStubber\ReflectionSourceStubber;
+use PHPStan\Testing\PHPStanTestCase;
+use TestSingleFileSourceLocator\AFoo;
+use function class_alias;
+use function class_exists;
+
+class AutoloadFunctionsSourceLocatorTest extends PHPStanTestCase
+{
+
+	/**
+	 * A bootstrap autoloader that throws for names outside its own scope must not abort the
+	 * analysis: this locator asks every registered autoloader, while at runtime the class loader
+	 * that resolves the class first means the throwing one is never invoked for that name.
+	 *
+	 * @see https://github.com/phpstan/phpstan/issues/14976
+	 */
+	public function testAThrowingAutoloaderDoesNotStopTheRemainingOnes(): void
+	{
+		require_once __DIR__ . '/data/a.php';
+		$this->assertFalse(class_exists('ThrowingAutoloaderAlias', false), 'precondition: the alias does not exist yet');
+
+		$GLOBALS['__phpstanAutoloadFunctions'] = [
+			static function (string $class): void {
+				throw new LogicException('this should not happen');
+			},
+			static function (string $class): void {
+				if ($class !== 'ThrowingAutoloaderAlias') {
+					return;
+				}
+
+				class_alias(AFoo::class, 'ThrowingAutoloaderAlias');
+			},
+		];
+
+		try {
+			$locator = $this->createLocator();
+			$reflection = $locator->locateIdentifier(
+				new DefaultReflector($locator),
+				new Identifier('ThrowingAutoloaderAlias', new IdentifierType(IdentifierType::IDENTIFIER_CLASS)),
+			);
+
+			$this->assertNotNull($reflection, 'the class defined by the second autoloader should be located');
+			$this->assertSame(AFoo::class, $reflection->getName());
+		} finally {
+			unset($GLOBALS['__phpstanAutoloadFunctions']);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Nothing resolves the name, so the locator declines - the point is that it declines instead of
+	 * letting the autoloader's exception surface as an internal error.
+	 */
+	public function testAThrowingAutoloaderMakesTheLocatorDecline(): void
+	{
+		$GLOBALS['__phpstanAutoloadFunctions'] = [
+			static function (string $class): void {
+				throw new LogicException('this should not happen');
+			},
+		];
+
+		try {
+			$locator = $this->createLocator();
+			$reflection = $locator->locateIdentifier(
+				new DefaultReflector($locator),
+				new Identifier('NeverDefinedByAnyAutoloader', new IdentifierType(IdentifierType::IDENTIFIER_CLASS)),
+			);
+
+			$this->assertNull($reflection);
+		} finally {
+			unset($GLOBALS['__phpstanAutoloadFunctions']);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private function createLocator(): AutoloadFunctionsSourceLocator
+	{
+		$container = self::getContainer();
+
+		return new AutoloadFunctionsSourceLocator(
+			new AutoloadSourceLocator($container->getByType(FileNodesFetcher::class), false),
+			new ReflectionClassSourceLocator(
+				new Locator($container->getService('phpParserDecorator')),
+				new ReflectionSourceStubber(new Standard()),
+			),
+		);
+	}
+
+}
diff --git a/tests/PHPStan/Reflection/BetterReflection/SourceLocator/AutoloadSourceLocatorTest.php b/tests/PHPStan/Reflection/BetterReflection/SourceLocator/AutoloadSourceLocatorTest.php
index 522bc15e224..40d51e5bead 100644
--- a/tests/PHPStan/Reflection/BetterReflection/SourceLocator/AutoloadSourceLocatorTest.php
+++ b/tests/PHPStan/Reflection/BetterReflection/SourceLocator/AutoloadSourceLocatorTest.php
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 
 namespace PHPStan\Reflection\BetterReflection\SourceLocator;
 
+use LogicException;
+use PHPStan\BetterReflection\Identifier\Identifier;
+use PHPStan\BetterReflection\Identifier\IdentifierType;
 use PHPStan\BetterReflection\Reflection\ReflectionClass;
 use PHPStan\BetterReflection\Reflector\DefaultReflector;
 use PHPStan\Reflection\InitializerExprContext;
@@ -12,6 +15,8 @@
 use TestSingleFileSourceLocator\InCondition;
 use function array_merge;
 use function class_alias;
+use function spl_autoload_register;
+use function spl_autoload_unregister;
 
 function testFunctionForLocator(): void // phpcs:disable
 {
@@ -79,6 +84,39 @@ class_alias(AFoo::class, 'A_Foo');
 		$this->assertSame(AFoo::class, $class->getName());
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * This locator asks every registered autoloader for the class, which is not the order PHP uses,
+	 * so an autoloader that throws for names outside its own scope must not abort the analysis.
+	 *
+	 * @see https://github.com/phpstan/phpstan/issues/14976
+	 */
+	public function testThrowingAutoloader(): void
+	{
+		// Everything that needs autoloading has to be loaded before the throwing autoloader joins
+		// the queue - it is registered globally, so anything loaded lazily inside the try would
+		// throw as well. That includes building the container.
+		$locator = new AutoloadSourceLocator(self::getContainer()->getByType(FileNodesFetcher::class), true);
+
+		$autoloader = static function (string $class): void {
+			if ($class !== 'NeverDefinedByAnyAutoloader') {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			throw new LogicException('this should not happen');
+		};
+		spl_autoload_register($autoloader);
+
+		try {
+			$reflection = $locator->locateIdentifier(
+				new DefaultReflector($locator),
+				new Identifier('NeverDefinedByAnyAutoloader', new IdentifierType(IdentifierType::IDENTIFIER_CLASS)),
+			);
+			$this->assertNull($reflection);
+		} finally {
+			spl_autoload_unregister($autoloader);
+		}
+	}
+
 	public static function getAdditionalConfigFiles(): array
 	{
 		return array_merge(