fix(lint): read a flow's node lists through recordsOf, not an inline cast (#16765)

`validateStackExpressions` threw on a non-record entry of a flow's `nodes`
list: `Array.isArray` proves the LIST, never its MEMBERS, and an empty item
in a YAML `nodes:` list deserialises to `null`. The next statement read
`.type` off it, so the linter crashed instead of reporting a finding.

Both inline casts now read through `recordsOf` — the one home of this
coercion, so no copy is added for `collection-coercion-single-copy.test.ts`
to count. The coerced array is also what is handed to `collectFlowGraphs`:
that function declares already-parsed `FlowNodeParsed[]` and forwards members
untouched, so passing the raw flow was calling it out of contract, and
coercing only the local variable relocated the crash into `packages/spec`
rather than removing it. Measured both ways.

The pin is a new addressing mode in `non-record-object-entry.test.ts` rather
than a local test. The sweep drove collections only, which is why this class
was closed three times without reaching these two lines; it now addresses a
flow's own node list and a nested region's sub-graph. Both arms found more of
the same class on their first run, recorded in `RESIDUAL_THROWS` and filed as
#16751 and #16752.


Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_012GKcPZbMoGq7WPzKLfRBTU

Co-authored-by: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>

Author: claude[bot]

.changeset/flow-node-list-non-record.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+"@objectstack/lint": patch
+---
+
+`validateStackExpressions` no longer throws on a non-record entry of a flow's `nodes` list.
+
+An empty item in a YAML `nodes:` list deserialises to `null`, so this is an authorable shape — the same one #15552, #15636 and #15742 closed for stack collections and for `objects[].fields`. Here it crashed the linter instead of producing a finding: `flow.nodes: [null, ...]` threw `Cannot read properties of null (reading 'type')`, which presents to an author as a broken tool rather than as a problem with their metadata.
+
+Both of the file's inline casts now read through `recordsOf`, the one home of this coercion, instead of asserting that `Array.isArray` proves anything about a list's MEMBERS:
+
+- The flow walk reads `flow.nodes` through `recordsOf`, and — the half that actually removes the crash — hands that coerced array to `collectFlowGraphs` rather than the raw flow. `collectFlowGraphs` declares its input as already-parsed `FlowNodeParsed[]` and is transparent about members, so passing raw authored metadata was calling it out of contract; coercing only the local variable relocated the throw into `@objectstack/spec` instead of ending it. The producer's contract is unchanged, deliberately: widening it to tolerate malformed members is the wrong direction.
+- The per-graph walk reads `graph.nodes` through `recordsOf` in place of an `as unknown as` double cast. A nested region's node list is only `Array.isArray`-checked before it becomes a graph, so that list carries the producer's word about its members and not a check.
+
+A non-record member is dropped whole and in silence, exactly as the file's sibling field readers already did; a flow standing beside the junk entry is still judged, and a `nodes` list holding a plain string still reports exactly what it reported before.

packages/lint/src/non-record-object-entry.test.ts

@@ -293,6 +293,60 @@ const underObject = (key: string, valid?: AnyRec): SweptCollection => ({
   valid,
 });
 
+/**
+ * A judgeable flow node: the `start` node the flow readers resolve the
+ * record-change target against, so a control built from it is not merely empty.
+ */
+const VALID_NODE: AnyRec = { id: 'start', type: 'start', config: { objectName: 'crm_account' } };
+
+/**
+ * A flow's own node list — `stack.flows[].nodes` (#15793).
+ *
+ * ## Why this needed a THIRD addressing mode rather than one more row
+ *
+ * The two above address a collection by NAME: a top-level stack key, or one
+ * sub-collection key on an object. A flow's node list is neither. It is the
+ * `nodes` of a member of `stack.flows`, and #15793's whole diagnosis was that
+ * this sweep *could not express* it — which is why #15552, #15636 and #15742
+ * closed this defect class three times without ever reaching the two casts
+ * #15793 repaired. The blind spot was in the ADDRESSING, not in the rule table.
+ *
+ * The constructor is a three-line sibling of `underObject` because
+ * `SweptCollection.stack` was already an arbitrary builder; what was missing
+ * was only the will to write a second shape of one. That is worth saying
+ * plainly: the gap looked structural and was not.
+ */
+const underFlow = (key: string, valid?: AnyRec): SweptCollection => ({
+  label: `flows[].${key}`,
+  stack: (members) => ({ objects: [VALID_OBJECT], flows: [{ name: 'crm_flow', edges: [], [key]: members }] }),
+  valid,
+});
+
+/**
+ * A NESTED region's node list — `flows[].nodes[].config.body.nodes` (#15793).
+ *
+ * The graph-shaped half proper, and a different reachability question from
+ * `underFlow`. An ADR-0031 container keeps a whole sub-graph in its `config`,
+ * and `collectFlowGraphs` turns each into its own `FlowGraph` after checking
+ * only `Array.isArray` on the inner list — so a non-record member here is one
+ * the PRODUCER picked up, not one a caller passed in, and no coercion at the
+ * call site can reach it. Kept in the sweep with its throw recorded below
+ * rather than left unexpressed: an unaddressable shape is exactly what let this
+ * class survive three closures.
+ */
+const underNestedRegion = (valid?: AnyRec): SweptCollection => ({
+  label: 'flows[].nodes[].config.body.nodes',
+  stack: (members) => ({
+    objects: [VALID_OBJECT],
+    flows: [{
+      name: 'crm_flow',
+      edges: [],
+      nodes: [VALID_NODE, { id: 'lp', type: 'loop', config: { collection: 'x', body: { nodes: members, edges: [] } } }],
+    }],
+  }),
+  valid,
+});
+
 const SWEPT_COLLECTIONS: readonly SweptCollection[] = [
   // Top-level, read through `recordsOf(stack.X)` by the re-pointed readers.
   topLevel('objects', VALID_OBJECT),
@@ -320,6 +374,11 @@ const SWEPT_COLLECTIONS: readonly SweptCollection[] = [
   topLevel('mappings'),
   // Top-level, read by `validateSecurityPosture` through `recordsOf`.
   topLevel('positions'),
+  // A flow's inner graph — the shape no addressing mode could reach until
+  // #15793 added one. `underFlow` is the flow's own list; `underNestedRegion`
+  // is a container's sub-graph, which only the producer can hand out.
+  underFlow('nodes', VALID_NODE),
+  underNestedRegion(VALID_NODE),
   // Per-object sub-collections the same readers walk.
   underObject('fields', VALID_FIELD),
   underObject('actions'),
@@ -340,11 +399,9 @@ const SWEPT_COLLECTIONS: readonly SweptCollection[] = [
  * "nothing throws" would have had to be deleted or weakened on the day it was
  * written, and would then never have caught the next one.
  *
- * It is EMPTY today, and that is a measurement, not an aspiration: no rule in
- * the table throws on a non-record member of any collection swept here. Two
- * rows have come out since it was written, each because the sweep went red
- * demanding a throw that no longer happens — which is the both-directions half
- * earning its keep, since neither removal started with anyone going looking:
+ * Three rows have come out since it was written, each because the sweep went
+ * red demanding a throw that no longer happens — which is the both-directions
+ * half earning its keep, since no removal started with anyone going looking:
  *
  *  - `stack.datasets` — `indexDatasets` in `validate-chart-bindings.ts`,
  *    re-pointed by #15741.
@@ -354,8 +411,39 @@ const SWEPT_COLLECTIONS: readonly SweptCollection[] = [
  *    the list through `recordsOf` (#15742), which drops a non-record member of
  *    the array shape whole and in silence, exactly as the file's two sibling
  *    field readers already did.
+ *  - `flows[].nodes` / `validateStackExpressions` — the two casts #15793
+ *    repaired, and the reason the two graph-shaped arms below exist at all.
+ *
+ * ## The rows it holds today, both found by the arms that added them
+ *
+ * It went from empty to two the moment a flow's inner node list became
+ * addressable, which is the point #15793 was filed to make: this class was
+ * closed three times over collections while the same defect stood untouched one
+ * addressing mode away.
+ *
+ *  - `flows[].nodes` / `lintFlowPatterns` (#16751) — `lint-flow-patterns.ts`
+ *    holds the SAME two spellings #15793 removed from `validate-expressions.ts`
+ *    (`:1426` inline-casts `flow.nodes`, then `:1430` reads `.type` off each
+ *    member; `:456` and `:1522` double-cast `graph.nodes`). Shallowly
+ *    reachable — an ordinary flow with an empty YAML list item.
+ *  - `flows[].nodes[].config.body.nodes` / `validateStackExpressions` +
+ *    `lintFlowPatterns` (#16752) — neither rule's own reader is at fault here:
+ *    both throw from INSIDE `collectFlowGraphs`, whose region walk reads
+ *    `node.config` off a member of an inner list it checked only with
+ *    `Array.isArray`. No coercion at either call site reaches that list, which
+ *    is why #15793 stopped and filed the fork instead of widening a
+ *    `packages/spec` contract to tolerate malformed members.
  */
-const RESIDUAL_THROWS: Readonly<Record<string, readonly string[]>> = {};
+const RESIDUAL_THROWS: Readonly<Record<string, readonly string[]>> = {
+  // 2026-09-08 — #16751. Removed when `lint-flow-patterns.ts` reads its node
+  // lists through `recordsOf`, as `validate-expressions.ts` now does.
+  'flows[].nodes · null': ['lintFlowPatterns'],
+  'flows[].nodes · undefined': ['lintFlowPatterns'],
+  // 2026-09-08 — #16752. Both entries are ONE defect in `collectFlowGraphs`,
+  // surfacing through the two rules that call it. Removed together.
+  'flows[].nodes[].config.body.nodes · null': ['lintFlowPatterns', 'validateStackExpressions'],
+  'flows[].nodes[].config.body.nodes · undefined': ['lintFlowPatterns', 'validateStackExpressions'],
+};
 
 /**
  * Where a junk member still draws a finding no author's file justifies — the

packages/lint/src/validate-expressions.ts

@@ -1124,7 +1124,11 @@ export function validateStackExpressions(stack: AnyRec): ExprIssue[] {
   // ── Flows ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
   for (const flow of recordsOf(stack.flows)) {
     const flowName = typeof flow.name === 'string' ? flow.name : '(unnamed flow)';
-    const nodes = Array.isArray(flow.nodes) ? (flow.nodes as AnyRec[]) : [];
+    // `Array.isArray` proves the LIST, never its MEMBERS — the sentence #15742
+    // removed from one reader below in this same file. A YAML `nodes:` item
+    // left empty deserialises to `null`, and `nodes.find(n => n.type === …)` on
+    // the very next line dereferenced it (#15793).
+    const nodes = recordsOf(flow.nodes);
     // The record-change target object — `record.*` refs resolve against it.
     const startNode = nodes.find(n => n.type === 'start');
     const startCfg = (startNode?.config ?? {}) as AnyRec;
@@ -1137,7 +1141,16 @@ export function validateStackExpressions(stack: AnyRec): ExprIssue[] {
     // `objectstack validate` and shipped. This is the author-time half of the
     // same traversal the engine's registration pass now does; `scope` names the
     // region so the located message still points at one edge.
-    const graphs = collectFlowGraphs(flow as { nodes?: FlowNodeParsed[] });
+    //
+    // Handed the COERCED `nodes`, never `flow` raw (#15793). `collectFlowGraphs`
+    // declares its input as `FlowNodeParsed[]` — already-parsed nodes — and is
+    // transparent about members: it forwards the caller's array and re-exposes
+    // that same object. So it neither admits nor rejects a non-record member;
+    // passing raw authored metadata is calling it OUT OF CONTRACT, and it then
+    // dereferences `node.config` in its own region walk. Coercing only the
+    // local `nodes` above does not fix the crash, it relocates it into
+    // `packages/spec` — measured. Contract-first the caller is what changes.
+    const graphs = collectFlowGraphs({ ...flow, nodes } as { nodes?: FlowNodeParsed[] });
 
     // [#14089] The flattened-scope shadowing pass needs the flow's COMPLETE
     // variable set before any condition is judged, so it is a separate walk over
@@ -1202,7 +1215,13 @@ export function validateStackExpressions(stack: AnyRec): ExprIssue[] {
 
     for (const graph of graphs) {
       const at = graph.scope ? `flow '${flowName}' · ${graph.scope}` : `flow '${flowName}'`;
-      for (const node of graph.nodes as unknown as AnyRec[]) {
+      // `recordsOf`, not `as unknown as AnyRec[]` (#15793). A NESTED region's
+      // node list is only `Array.isArray`-checked by `collectFlowGraphs` before
+      // it becomes a graph, so this list carries the producer's word about its
+      // members and not a check. The top-level graph is clean by the coercion
+      // at the call site above; this is the same decision made once more where
+      // that guarantee stops, through the file's one home for it.
+      for (const node of recordsOf(graph.nodes)) {
         const cfg = (node.config ?? {}) as AnyRec;
         const nodeCondWhere = `${at} · node '${node.id}' (${node.type}) condition`;
         if (!checkStructuralCondition(nodeCondWhere, cfg.condition).refused) {