From 7a31ba70512e053618a6b3a0d35cf2099e0fe4b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "microsoft-agent-framework-for-go[bot]"
 <324824725+microsoft-agent-framework-for-go[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Oct 2026 02:47:15 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] fix(a2a): reject empty outbound messages

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 provider/a2aprovider/a2a.go      |  6 +++---
 provider/a2aprovider/a2a_test.go | 28 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/provider/a2aprovider/a2a.go b/provider/a2aprovider/a2a.go
index 34eb58a7..45e1fa69 100644
--- a/provider/a2aprovider/a2a.go
+++ b/provider/a2aprovider/a2a.go
@@ -119,9 +119,6 @@ func (a *a2aProvider) run(ctx context.Context, messages []*message.Message, opti
 			}, false, yield)
 			return
 		}
-		if len(messages) == 0 {
-			return
-		}
 		userMsg, err := messagesToA2AMessage(session, messages)
 		if err != nil {
 			yield(nil, err)
@@ -170,6 +167,9 @@ func messagesToA2AMessage(session *agent.Session, messages []*message.Message) (
 			maps.Copy(metadata, msg.AdditionalProperties)
 		}
 	}
+	if len(parts) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("a2aprovider: the provided messages contain no content that can be sent to the remote agent")
+	}
 	combined := &message.Message{ID: msgID, AdditionalProperties: metadata}
 	return createA2AMessage(session, combined, parts), nil
 }
diff --git a/provider/a2aprovider/a2a_test.go b/provider/a2aprovider/a2a_test.go
index 49c205fe..642730bc 100644
--- a/provider/a2aprovider/a2a_test.go
+++ b/provider/a2aprovider/a2a_test.go
@@ -410,6 +410,34 @@ func TestRunAllowsNonUserRoleMessages(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestRunRejectsMessagesWithoutSendableParts(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		messages []*message.Message
+	}{
+		{name: "empty messages"},
+		{name: "empty contents", messages: []*message.Message{{Role: message.RoleUser}}},
+		{name: "empty text", messages: []*message.Message{{Role: message.RoleUser, Contents: message.Contents{&message.TextContent{}}}}},
+		{name: "unsupported contents", messages: []*message.Message{{Role: message.RoleUser, Contents: message.Contents{&message.RawContent{}}}}},
+	}
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		for _, streaming := range []bool{false, true} {
+			t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%s/streaming=%t", test.name, streaming), func(t *testing.T) {
+				transport := &mockA2ATransport{}
+				a := newTestAgent(transport, agent.Config{})
+
+				_, err := a.Run(t.Context(), test.messages, agent.Stream(streaming)).Collect()
+				if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "no content that can be sent to the remote agent") {
+					t.Fatalf("error = %v, want no-sendable-content error", err)
+				}
+				if transport.sendMessageCallCount != 0 || transport.sendStreamingCallCount != 0 {
+					t.Fatalf("A2A send calls = (%d, %d), want (0, 0)", transport.sendMessageCallCount, transport.sendStreamingCallCount)
+				}
+			})
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // An ErrorContent must be sent to A2A as its human-readable text, not as an
 // opaque JSON blob (the default-branch behavior), matching the Python client.
 func TestRunSendsErrorContentAsText(t *testing.T) {