diff --git a/docs/cli-reference/field-customization.md b/docs/cli-reference/field-customization.md
index f4a1f2aab..e23451edc 100644
--- a/docs/cli-reference/field-customization.md
+++ b/docs/cli-reference/field-customization.md
@@ -1339,29 +1339,58 @@ The `--field-extra-keys` flag configures the code generation behavior.
 
 ??? example "Output"
 
-    ```python
-    # generated by datamodel-codegen:
-    #   filename:  extras.json
-    #   timestamp: 2019-07-26T00:00:00+00:00
-    
-    from __future__ import annotations
-    
-    from typing import Optional
-    
-    from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
-    
-    
-    class Extras(BaseModel):
-        name: Optional[str] = Field(
-            None,
-            description='normal key',
-            example='example',
-            invalid_key_1='abc',
-            key2=456,
-            repr=True,
-        )
-        age: Optional[int] = Field(None, example=12, examples=[13, 20])
-    ```
+    === "Pydantic v1"
+
+        ```python
+        # generated by datamodel-codegen:
+        #   filename:  extras.json
+        #   timestamp: 2019-07-26T00:00:00+00:00
+        
+        from __future__ import annotations
+        
+        from typing import Optional
+        
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+        
+        
+        class Extras(BaseModel):
+            name: Optional[str] = Field(
+                None,
+                description='normal key',
+                example='example',
+                invalid_key_1='abc',
+                key2=456,
+                repr=True,
+            )
+            age: Optional[int] = Field(None, example=12, examples=[13, 20])
+        ```
+
+    === "Pydantic v2"
+
+        ```python
+        # generated by datamodel-codegen:
+        #   filename:  extras.json
+        #   timestamp: 2019-07-26T00:00:00+00:00
+        
+        from __future__ import annotations
+        
+        from typing import Optional
+        
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+        
+        
+        class Extras(BaseModel):
+            name: Optional[str] = Field(
+                None,
+                description='normal key',
+                examples=['example'],
+                json_schema_extra={'key2': 456, 'invalid-key-1': 'abc'},
+                repr=True,
+            )
+            age: Optional[int] = Field(
+                None, examples=[13, 20], json_schema_extra={'example': 12}
+            )
+        ```
 
 ---
 
@@ -1422,37 +1451,77 @@ in Field(). This is useful for custom schema extensions and vendor-specific meta
 
 ??? example "Output"
 
-    ```python
-    # generated by datamodel-codegen:
-    #   filename:  extras.json
-    #   timestamp: 2019-07-26T00:00:00+00:00
-    
-    from __future__ import annotations
-    
-    from typing import Optional
-    
-    from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
-    
-    
-    class Extras(BaseModel):
-        name: Optional[str] = Field(
-            None,
-            description='normal key',
-            example='example',
-            field_comment='comment',
-            field_exclude=123,
-            field_invalid_key_2='efg',
-            invalid_key_1='abc',
-            key1=123,
-            key2=456,
-            readOnly=True,
-            register_='hij',
-            repr=True,
-            schema_='klm',
-            x_abc=True,
-        )
-        age: Optional[int] = Field(None, example=12, examples=[13, 20], writeOnly=True)
-    ```
+    === "Pydantic v1"
+
+        ```python
+        # generated by datamodel-codegen:
+        #   filename:  extras.json
+        #   timestamp: 2019-07-26T00:00:00+00:00
+        
+        from __future__ import annotations
+        
+        from typing import Optional
+        
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+        
+        
+        class Extras(BaseModel):
+            name: Optional[str] = Field(
+                None,
+                description='normal key',
+                example='example',
+                field_comment='comment',
+                field_exclude=123,
+                field_invalid_key_2='efg',
+                invalid_key_1='abc',
+                key1=123,
+                key2=456,
+                readOnly=True,
+                register_='hij',
+                repr=True,
+                schema_='klm',
+                x_abc=True,
+            )
+            age: Optional[int] = Field(None, example=12, examples=[13, 20], writeOnly=True)
+        ```
+
+    === "Pydantic v2"
+
+        ```python
+        # generated by datamodel-codegen:
+        #   filename:  extras.json
+        #   timestamp: 2019-07-26T00:00:00+00:00
+        
+        from __future__ import annotations
+        
+        from typing import Optional
+        
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+        
+        
+        class Extras(BaseModel):
+            name: Optional[str] = Field(
+                None,
+                description='normal key',
+                examples=['example'],
+                json_schema_extra={
+                    'key1': 123,
+                    'key2': 456,
+                    '$exclude': 123,
+                    'invalid-key-1': 'abc',
+                    '-invalid+key_2': 'efg',
+                    '$comment': 'comment',
+                    'register': 'hij',
+                    'schema': 'klm',
+                    'x-abc': True,
+                    'readOnly': True,
+                },
+                repr=True,
+            )
+            age: Optional[int] = Field(
+                None, examples=[13, 20], json_schema_extra={'example': 12, 'writeOnly': True}
+            )
+        ```
 
 ---
 
diff --git a/docs/cli-reference/model-customization.md b/docs/cli-reference/model-customization.md
index 605ff3ba2..11ac04912 100644
--- a/docs/cli-reference/model-customization.md
+++ b/docs/cli-reference/model-customization.md
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 | [`--frozen-dataclasses`](#frozen-dataclasses) | Generate frozen dataclasses with optional keyword-only field... |
 | [`--keep-model-order`](#keep-model-order) | Keep model definition order as specified in schema. |
 | [`--keyword-only`](#keyword-only) | Generate dataclasses with keyword-only fields (Python 3.10+)... |
-| [`--output-model-type`](#output-model-type) | Specify the output model type (pydantic, dataclass, typeddic... |
+| [`--output-model-type`](#output-model-type) | Select the output model type (Pydantic v1/v2, dataclasses, T... |
 | [`--parent-scoped-naming`](#parent-scoped-naming) | Namespace models by their parent scope to avoid naming confl... |
 | [`--reuse-model`](#reuse-model) | Reuse identical model definitions instead of generating dupl... |
 | [`--reuse-scope`](#reuse-scope) | Scope for model reuse detection (root or tree). |
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 | [`--union-mode`](#union-mode) | Union mode for combining anyOf/oneOf schemas (smart or left_... |
 | [`--use-default`](#use-default) | Use default values from schema in generated models. |
 | [`--use-default-kwarg`](#use-default-kwarg) | Use default= keyword argument instead of positional argument... |
-| [`--use-frozen-field`](#use-frozen-field) | Generate frozen (immutable) field definitions. |
+| [`--use-frozen-field`](#use-frozen-field) | Generate frozen (immutable) field definitions for readOnly p... |
 | [`--use-one-literal-as-default`](#use-one-literal-as-default) | Use single literal value as default when enum has only one o... |
 | [`--use-serialize-as-any`](#use-serialize-as-any) | Wrap fields with subtypes in Pydantic's SerializeAsAny. |
 | [`--use-subclass-enum`](#use-subclass-enum) | Generate typed Enum subclasses for enums with specific field... |
@@ -2947,9 +2947,12 @@ argument errors.
 
 ## `--output-model-type` {#output-model-type}
 
-Specify the output model type (pydantic, dataclass, typeddict, msgspec).
+Select the output model type (Pydantic v1/v2, dataclasses, TypedDict, msgspec).
 
-The `--output-model-type` flag configures the code generation behavior.
+The `--output-model-type` flag specifies which Python data model framework to use
+for the generated code. Supported values include `pydantic.BaseModel`,
+`pydantic_v2.BaseModel`, `dataclasses.dataclass`, `typing.TypedDict`, and
+`msgspec.Struct`.
 
 !!! tip "Usage"
 
@@ -2992,25 +2995,49 @@ The `--output-model-type` flag configures the code generation behavior.
 
 ??? example "Output"
 
-    ```python
-    # generated by datamodel-codegen:
-    #   filename:  null_and_array.json
-    #   timestamp: 2019-07-26T00:00:00+00:00
-    
-    from __future__ import annotations
-    
-    from typing import Any, List, Optional
-    
-    from pydantic import BaseModel
-    
-    
-    class MyObjItem(BaseModel):
-        items: Optional[List[Any]]
-    
-    
-    class Model(BaseModel):
-        my_obj: List[MyObjItem]
-    ```
+    === "Pydantic v1"
+
+        ```python
+        # generated by datamodel-codegen:
+        #   filename:  null_and_array.json
+        #   timestamp: 2019-07-26T00:00:00+00:00
+        
+        from __future__ import annotations
+        
+        from typing import Any, List, Optional
+        
+        from pydantic import BaseModel
+        
+        
+        class MyObjItem(BaseModel):
+            items: Optional[List[Any]]
+        
+        
+        class Model(BaseModel):
+            my_obj: List[MyObjItem]
+        ```
+
+    === "Pydantic v2"
+
+        ```python
+        # generated by datamodel-codegen:
+        #   filename:  null_and_array.json
+        #   timestamp: 2019-07-26T00:00:00+00:00
+        
+        from __future__ import annotations
+        
+        from typing import Any, List, Optional
+        
+        from pydantic import BaseModel
+        
+        
+        class MyObjItem(BaseModel):
+            items: Optional[List[Any]] = None
+        
+        
+        class Model(BaseModel):
+            my_obj: List[MyObjItem]
+        ```
 
 ---
 
@@ -4296,14 +4323,17 @@ default values.
 
 ## `--use-frozen-field` {#use-frozen-field}
 
-Generate frozen (immutable) field definitions.
+Generate frozen (immutable) field definitions for readOnly properties.
 
-The `--use-frozen-field` flag configures the code generation behavior.
+The `--use-frozen-field` flag generates frozen field definitions:
+- Pydantic v1: `Field(allow_mutation=False)`
+- Pydantic v2: `Field(frozen=True)`
+- Dataclasses: silently ignored (no frozen fields generated)
 
 !!! tip "Usage"
 
     ```bash
-    datamodel-codegen --input schema.json --use-frozen-field --output-model-type pydantic_v2.BaseModel # (1)!
+    datamodel-codegen --input schema.json --use-frozen-field # (1)!
     ```
 
     1. :material-arrow-left: `--use-frozen-field` - the option documented here
@@ -4341,24 +4371,72 @@ The `--use-frozen-field` flag configures the code generation behavior.
 
 ??? example "Output"
 
-    ```python
-    # generated by datamodel-codegen:
-    #   filename:  use_frozen_field.json
-    #   timestamp: 2019-07-26T00:00:00+00:00
-    
-    from __future__ import annotations
-    
-    from typing import Optional
-    
-    from pydantic import AwareDatetime, BaseModel, Field
-    
-    
-    class User(BaseModel):
-        id: int = Field(..., description='Server-generated ID', frozen=True)
-        name: str
-        password: str = Field(..., description='User password')
-        created_at: Optional[AwareDatetime] = Field(None, frozen=True)
-    ```
+    === "Pydantic v1"
+
+        ```python
+        # generated by datamodel-codegen:
+        #   filename:  use_frozen_field.json
+        #   timestamp: 2019-07-26T00:00:00+00:00
+        
+        from __future__ import annotations
+        
+        from datetime import datetime
+        from typing import Optional
+        
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+        
+        
+        class User(BaseModel):
+            class Config:
+                validate_assignment = True
+        
+            id: int = Field(..., allow_mutation=False, description='Server-generated ID')
+            name: str
+            password: str = Field(..., description='User password')
+            created_at: Optional[datetime] = Field(None, allow_mutation=False)
+        ```
+
+    === "Pydantic v2"
+
+        ```python
+        # generated by datamodel-codegen:
+        #   filename:  use_frozen_field.json
+        #   timestamp: 2019-07-26T00:00:00+00:00
+        
+        from __future__ import annotations
+        
+        from typing import Optional
+        
+        from pydantic import AwareDatetime, BaseModel, Field
+        
+        
+        class User(BaseModel):
+            id: int = Field(..., description='Server-generated ID', frozen=True)
+            name: str
+            password: str = Field(..., description='User password')
+            created_at: Optional[AwareDatetime] = Field(None, frozen=True)
+        ```
+
+    === "dataclass"
+
+        ```python
+        # generated by datamodel-codegen:
+        #   filename:  use_frozen_field.json
+        #   timestamp: 2019-07-26T00:00:00+00:00
+        
+        from __future__ import annotations
+        
+        from dataclasses import dataclass
+        from typing import Optional
+        
+        
+        @dataclass
+        class User:
+            id: int
+            name: str
+            password: str
+            created_at: Optional[str] = None
+        ```
 
 ---
 
diff --git a/docs/cli-reference/quick-reference.md b/docs/cli-reference/quick-reference.md
index f827d200b..3e287d285 100644
--- a/docs/cli-reference/quick-reference.md
+++ b/docs/cli-reference/quick-reference.md
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ datamodel-codegen [OPTIONS]
 
 | Option | Description |
 |--------|-------------|
-| [`--allof-merge-mode`](typing-customization.md#allof-merge-mode) | Merge all properties from parent schemas in allOf. |
+| [`--allof-merge-mode`](typing-customization.md#allof-merge-mode) | Merge constraints from root model references in allOf schemas. |
 | [`--disable-future-imports`](typing-customization.md#disable-future-imports) | Prevent automatic addition of __future__ imports in generated code. |
-| [`--enum-field-as-literal`](typing-customization.md#enum-field-as-literal) | Generate Literal types instead of Enums for fields with enumerated values. |
+| [`--enum-field-as-literal`](typing-customization.md#enum-field-as-literal) | Convert all enum fields to Literal types instead of Enum classes. |
 | [`--no-use-specialized-enum`](typing-customization.md#no-use-specialized-enum) | Disable specialized Enum classes for Python 3.11+ code generation. |
 | [`--output-datetime-class`](typing-customization.md#output-datetime-class) | Specify datetime class type for date-time schema fields. |
 | [`--strict-types`](typing-customization.md#strict-types) | Enable strict type validation for specified Python types. |
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ datamodel-codegen [OPTIONS]
 | [`--frozen-dataclasses`](model-customization.md#frozen-dataclasses) | Generate frozen dataclasses with optional keyword-only fields. |
 | [`--keep-model-order`](model-customization.md#keep-model-order) | Keep model definition order as specified in schema. |
 | [`--keyword-only`](model-customization.md#keyword-only) | Generate dataclasses with keyword-only fields (Python 3.10+). |
-| [`--output-model-type`](model-customization.md#output-model-type) | Specify the output model type (pydantic, dataclass, typeddict, msgspec). |
+| [`--output-model-type`](model-customization.md#output-model-type) | Select the output model type (Pydantic v1/v2, dataclasses, TypedDict, msgspec). |
 | [`--parent-scoped-naming`](model-customization.md#parent-scoped-naming) | Namespace models by their parent scope to avoid naming conflicts. |
 | [`--reuse-model`](model-customization.md#reuse-model) | Reuse identical model definitions instead of generating duplicates. |
 | [`--reuse-scope`](model-customization.md#reuse-scope) | Scope for model reuse detection (root or tree). |
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ datamodel-codegen [OPTIONS]
 | [`--union-mode`](model-customization.md#union-mode) | Union mode for combining anyOf/oneOf schemas (smart or left_to_right). |
 | [`--use-default`](model-customization.md#use-default) | Use default values from schema in generated models. |
 | [`--use-default-kwarg`](model-customization.md#use-default-kwarg) | Use default= keyword argument instead of positional argument for fields with def... |
-| [`--use-frozen-field`](model-customization.md#use-frozen-field) | Generate frozen (immutable) field definitions. |
+| [`--use-frozen-field`](model-customization.md#use-frozen-field) | Generate frozen (immutable) field definitions for readOnly properties. |
 | [`--use-one-literal-as-default`](model-customization.md#use-one-literal-as-default) | Use single literal value as default when enum has only one option. |
 | [`--use-serialize-as-any`](model-customization.md#use-serialize-as-any) | Wrap fields with subtypes in Pydantic's SerializeAsAny. |
 | [`--use-subclass-enum`](model-customization.md#use-subclass-enum) | Generate typed Enum subclasses for enums with specific field types. |
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ All options sorted alphabetically:
 - [`--aliases`](field-customization.md#aliases) - Apply custom field and class name aliases from JSON file.
 - [`--all-exports-collision-strategy`](general-options.md#all-exports-collision-strategy) - Handle name collisions when exporting recursive module hiera...
 - [`--all-exports-scope`](general-options.md#all-exports-scope) - Generate __all__ exports for child modules in __init__.py fi...
-- [`--allof-merge-mode`](typing-customization.md#allof-merge-mode) - Merge all properties from parent schemas in allOf.
+- [`--allof-merge-mode`](typing-customization.md#allof-merge-mode) - Merge constraints from root model references in allOf schema...
 - [`--allow-extra-fields`](model-customization.md#allow-extra-fields) - Allow extra fields in generated Pydantic models (extra='allo...
 - [`--allow-population-by-field-name`](model-customization.md#allow-population-by-field-name) - Allow Pydantic model population by field name (not just alia...
 - [`--base-class`](model-customization.md#base-class) - Specify a custom base class for generated models.
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ All options sorted alphabetically:
 - [`--enable-faux-immutability`](model-customization.md#enable-faux-immutability) - Enable faux immutability in Pydantic v1 models (allow_mutati...
 - [`--enable-version-header`](template-customization.md#enable-version-header) - Include tool version information in file header.
 - [`--encoding`](base-options.md#encoding) - Specify character encoding for input and output files.
-- [`--enum-field-as-literal`](typing-customization.md#enum-field-as-literal) - Generate Literal types instead of Enums for fields with enum...
+- [`--enum-field-as-literal`](typing-customization.md#enum-field-as-literal) - Convert all enum fields to Literal types instead of Enum cla...
 - [`--extra-fields`](field-customization.md#extra-fields) - Configure how generated models handle extra fields not defin...
 - [`--extra-template-data`](template-customization.md#extra-template-data) - Pass custom template variables from JSON file for code gener...
 - [`--field-constraints`](field-customization.md#field-constraints) - Generate Field() with validation constraints from schema.
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ All options sorted alphabetically:
 - [`--original-field-name-delimiter`](field-customization.md#original-field-name-delimiter) - Specify delimiter for original field names when using snake-...
 - [`--output`](base-options.md#output) - Specify the destination path for generated Python code.
 - [`--output-datetime-class`](typing-customization.md#output-datetime-class) - Specify datetime class type for date-time schema fields.
-- [`--output-model-type`](model-customization.md#output-model-type) - Specify the output model type (pydantic, dataclass, typeddic...
+- [`--output-model-type`](model-customization.md#output-model-type) - Select the output model type (Pydantic v1/v2, dataclasses, T...
 - [`--parent-scoped-naming`](model-customization.md#parent-scoped-naming) - Namespace models by their parent scope to avoid naming confl...
 - [`--read-only-write-only-model-type`](openapi-only-options.md#read-only-write-only-model-type) - Generate separate request and response models for readOnly/w...
 - [`--remove-special-field-name-prefix`](field-customization.md#remove-special-field-name-prefix) - Remove the special prefix from field names.
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ All options sorted alphabetically:
 - [`--use-enum-values-in-discriminator`](field-customization.md#use-enum-values-in-discriminator) - Use enum values in discriminator mappings for union types.
 - [`--use-exact-imports`](template-customization.md#use-exact-imports) - Import exact types instead of modules.
 - [`--use-field-description`](field-customization.md#use-field-description) - Include schema descriptions as Field docstrings.
-- [`--use-frozen-field`](model-customization.md#use-frozen-field) - Generate frozen (immutable) field definitions.
+- [`--use-frozen-field`](model-customization.md#use-frozen-field) - Generate frozen (immutable) field definitions for readOnly p...
 - [`--use-generic-container-types`](typing-customization.md#use-generic-container-types) - Use typing.Dict/List instead of dict/list for container type...
 - [`--use-inline-field-description`](field-customization.md#use-inline-field-description) - Add field descriptions as inline comments.
 - [`--use-non-positive-negative-number-constrained-types`](typing-customization.md#use-non-positive-negative-number-constrained-types) - Use NonPositive/NonNegative types for number constraints.
diff --git a/docs/cli-reference/typing-customization.md b/docs/cli-reference/typing-customization.md
index ba9b421cd..783ffbb93 100644
--- a/docs/cli-reference/typing-customization.md
+++ b/docs/cli-reference/typing-customization.md
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
 
 | Option | Description |
 |--------|-------------|
-| [`--allof-merge-mode`](#allof-merge-mode) | Merge all properties from parent schemas in allOf. |
+| [`--allof-merge-mode`](#allof-merge-mode) | Merge constraints from root model references in allOf schema... |
 | [`--disable-future-imports`](#disable-future-imports) | Prevent automatic addition of __future__ imports in generate... |
-| [`--enum-field-as-literal`](#enum-field-as-literal) | Generate Literal types instead of Enums for fields with enum... |
+| [`--enum-field-as-literal`](#enum-field-as-literal) | Convert all enum fields to Literal types instead of Enum cla... |
 | [`--no-use-specialized-enum`](#no-use-specialized-enum) | Disable specialized Enum classes for Python 3.11+ code gener... |
 | [`--output-datetime-class`](#output-datetime-class) | Specify datetime class type for date-time schema fields. |
 | [`--strict-types`](#strict-types) | Enable strict type validation for specified Python types. |
@@ -25,75 +25,571 @@
 
 ## `--allof-merge-mode` {#allof-merge-mode}
 
-Merge all properties from parent schemas in allOf.
+Merge constraints from root model references in allOf schemas.
 
-The `--allof-merge-mode` flag controls how parent schema properties are merged
-in allOf compositions. With `all` mode, constraints plus annotations (default,
-examples) are merged from parent properties. This ensures child schemas inherit
-all metadata from parents.
+The `--allof-merge-mode constraints` merges only constraint properties
+(minLength, maximum, etc.) from parent schemas referenced in allOf.
+This ensures child schemas inherit validation constraints while keeping
+other properties separate.
 
 !!! tip "Usage"
 
     ```bash
-    datamodel-codegen --input schema.json --allof-merge-mode all # (1)!
+    datamodel-codegen --input schema.json --allof-merge-mode constraints # (1)!
     ```
 
     1. :material-arrow-left: `--allof-merge-mode` - the option documented here
 
 ??? example "Input Schema"
 
-    ```yaml
-    openapi: "3.0.0"
-    info:
-      title: Test materialize allOf defaults
-      version: "1.0.0"
-    components:
-      schemas:
-        Parent:
-          type: object
-          properties:
-            name:
-              type: string
-              default: "parent_default"
-              minLength: 1
-            count:
-              type: integer
-              default: 10
-              minimum: 0
-        Child:
-          allOf:
-            - $ref: "#/components/schemas/Parent"
-            - type: object
-              properties:
-                name:
-                  maxLength: 100
-                count:
-                  maximum: 1000
+    ```json
+    {
+      "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
+      "definitions": {
+        "StringDatatype": {
+          "description": "A base string type.",
+          "type": "string",
+          "pattern": "^\\S(.*\\S)?$"
+        },
+        "ConstrainedStringDatatype": {
+          "description": "A constrained string.",
+          "allOf": [
+            { "$ref": "#/definitions/StringDatatype" },
+            { "type": "string", "minLength": 1, "pattern": "^[A-Z].*" }
+          ]
+        },
+        "IntegerDatatype": {
+          "description": "A whole number.",
+          "type": "integer"
+        },
+        "NonNegativeIntegerDatatype": {
+          "description": "Non-negative integer.",
+          "allOf": [
+            { "$ref": "#/definitions/IntegerDatatype" },
+            { "minimum": 0 }
+          ]
+        },
+        "BoundedIntegerDatatype": {
+          "description": "Integer between 0 and 100.",
+          "allOf": [
+            { "$ref": "#/definitions/IntegerDatatype" },
+            { "minimum": 0, "maximum": 100 }
+          ]
+        },
+        "EmailDatatype": {
+          "description": "Email with format.",
+          "allOf": [
+            { "$ref": "#/definitions/StringDatatype" },
+            { "format": "email" }
+          ]
+        },
+        "FormattedStringDatatype": {
+          "description": "A string with email format.",
+          "type": "string",
+          "format": "email"
+        },
+        "ObjectBase": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "properties": {
+            "id": { "type": "integer" }
+          }
+        },
+        "ObjectWithAllOf": {
+          "description": "Object inheritance - not a root model.",
+          "allOf": [
+            { "$ref": "#/definitions/ObjectBase" },
+            { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" } } }
+          ]
+        },
+        "MultiRefAllOf": {
+          "description": "Multiple refs - not handled by new code.",
+          "allOf": [
+            { "$ref": "#/definitions/StringDatatype" },
+            { "$ref": "#/definitions/IntegerDatatype" }
+          ]
+        },
+        "NoConstraintAllOf": {
+          "description": "No constraints added.",
+          "allOf": [
+            { "$ref": "#/definitions/StringDatatype" }
+          ]
+        },
+        "IncompatibleTypeAllOf": {
+          "description": "Incompatible types.",
+          "allOf": [
+            { "$ref": "#/definitions/StringDatatype" },
+            { "type": "boolean" }
+          ]
+        },
+        "ConstraintWithProperties": {
+          "description": "Constraint item has properties.",
+          "allOf": [
+            { "$ref": "#/definitions/StringDatatype" },
+            { "properties": { "extra": { "type": "string" } } }
+          ]
+        },
+        "ConstraintWithItems": {
+          "description": "Constraint item has items.",
+          "allOf": [
+            { "$ref": "#/definitions/StringDatatype" },
+            { "items": { "type": "string" } }
+          ]
+        },
+        "NumberIntegerCompatible": {
+          "description": "Number and integer are compatible.",
+          "allOf": [
+            { "$ref": "#/definitions/IntegerDatatype" },
+            { "type": "number", "minimum": 0 }
+          ]
+        },
+        "RefWithSchemaKeywords": {
+          "description": "Ref with additional schema keywords.",
+          "allOf": [
+            { "$ref": "#/definitions/StringDatatype", "minLength": 5 },
+            { "maxLength": 100 }
+          ]
+        },
+        "ArrayDatatype": {
+          "type": "array",
+          "items": { "type": "string" }
+        },
+        "RefToArrayAllOf": {
+          "description": "Ref to array - not a root model.",
+          "allOf": [
+            { "$ref": "#/definitions/ArrayDatatype" },
+            { "minItems": 1 }
+          ]
+        },
+        "ObjectNoPropsDatatype": {
+          "type": "object"
+        },
+        "RefToObjectNoPropsAllOf": {
+          "description": "Ref to object without properties - not a root model.",
+          "allOf": [
+            { "$ref": "#/definitions/ObjectNoPropsDatatype" },
+            { "minProperties": 1 }
+          ]
+        },
+        "PatternPropsDatatype": {
+          "patternProperties": {
+            "^S_": { "type": "string" }
+          }
+        },
+        "RefToPatternPropsAllOf": {
+          "description": "Ref to patternProperties - not a root model.",
+          "allOf": [
+            { "$ref": "#/definitions/PatternPropsDatatype" },
+            { "minProperties": 1 }
+          ]
+        },
+        "NestedAllOfDatatype": {
+          "allOf": [
+            { "type": "string" },
+            { "minLength": 1 }
+          ]
+        },
+        "RefToNestedAllOfAllOf": {
+          "description": "Ref to nested allOf - not a root model.",
+          "allOf": [
+            { "$ref": "#/definitions/NestedAllOfDatatype" },
+            { "maxLength": 100 }
+          ]
+        },
+        "ConstraintsOnlyDatatype": {
+          "description": "Constraints only, no type.",
+          "minLength": 1,
+          "pattern": "^[A-Z]"
+        },
+        "RefToConstraintsOnlyAllOf": {
+          "description": "Ref to constraints-only schema.",
+          "allOf": [
+            { "$ref": "#/definitions/ConstraintsOnlyDatatype" },
+            { "maxLength": 100 }
+          ]
+        },
+        "NoDescriptionAllOf": {
+          "allOf": [
+            { "$ref": "#/definitions/StringDatatype" },
+            { "minLength": 5 }
+          ]
+        },
+        "EmptyConstraintItemAllOf": {
+          "description": "AllOf with empty constraint item.",
+          "allOf": [
+            { "$ref": "#/definitions/StringDatatype" },
+            {},
+            { "maxLength": 50 }
+          ]
+        },
+        "ConflictingFormatAllOf": {
+          "description": "Conflicting formats - falls back to existing behavior.",
+          "allOf": [
+            { "$ref": "#/definitions/FormattedStringDatatype" },
+            { "format": "date-time" }
+          ]
+        }
+      },
+      "type": "object",
+      "properties": {
+        "name": { "$ref": "#/definitions/ConstrainedStringDatatype" },
+        "count": { "$ref": "#/definitions/NonNegativeIntegerDatatype" },
+        "percentage": { "$ref": "#/definitions/BoundedIntegerDatatype" },
+        "email": { "$ref": "#/definitions/EmailDatatype" },
+        "obj": { "$ref": "#/definitions/ObjectWithAllOf" },
+        "multi": { "$ref": "#/definitions/MultiRefAllOf" },
+        "noconstraint": { "$ref": "#/definitions/NoConstraintAllOf" },
+        "incompatible": { "$ref": "#/definitions/IncompatibleTypeAllOf" },
+        "withprops": { "$ref": "#/definitions/ConstraintWithProperties" },
+        "withitems": { "$ref": "#/definitions/ConstraintWithItems" },
+        "numint": { "$ref": "#/definitions/NumberIntegerCompatible" },
+        "refwithkw": { "$ref": "#/definitions/RefWithSchemaKeywords" },
+        "refarr": { "$ref": "#/definitions/RefToArrayAllOf" },
+        "refobjnoprops": { "$ref": "#/definitions/RefToObjectNoPropsAllOf" },
+        "refpatternprops": { "$ref": "#/definitions/RefToPatternPropsAllOf" },
+        "refnestedallof": { "$ref": "#/definitions/RefToNestedAllOfAllOf" },
+        "refconstraintsonly": { "$ref": "#/definitions/RefToConstraintsOnlyAllOf" },
+        "nodescription": { "$ref": "#/definitions/NoDescriptionAllOf" },
+        "emptyconstraint": { "$ref": "#/definitions/EmptyConstraintItemAllOf" },
+        "conflictingformat": { "$ref": "#/definitions/ConflictingFormatAllOf" }
+      }
+    }
     ```
 
 ??? example "Output"
 
-    ```python
-    # generated by datamodel-codegen:
-    #   filename:  allof_materialize_defaults.yaml
-    #   timestamp: 2019-07-26T00:00:00+00:00
-    
-    from __future__ import annotations
-    
-    from typing import Optional
-    
-    from pydantic import BaseModel, conint, constr
-    
-    
-    class Parent(BaseModel):
-        name: Optional[constr(min_length=1)] = 'parent_default'
-        count: Optional[conint(ge=0)] = 10
-    
-    
-    class Child(Parent):
-        name: Optional[constr(min_length=1, max_length=100)] = 'parent_default'
-        count: Optional[conint(ge=0, le=1000)] = 10
-    ```
+    === "With Option"
+
+        ```python
+        # generated by datamodel-codegen:
+        #   filename:  allof_root_model_constraints.json
+        #   timestamp: 2019-07-26T00:00:00+00:00
+        
+        from __future__ import annotations
+        
+        from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
+        
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr, Field, conint, constr
+        
+        
+        class StringDatatype(BaseModel):
+            __root__: constr(regex=r'^\S(.*\S)?$') = Field(
+                ..., description='A base string type.'
+            )
+        
+        
+        class ConstrainedStringDatatype(BaseModel):
+            __root__: constr(regex=r'(?=^\S(.*\S)?$)(?=^[A-Z].*)', min_length=1) = Field(
+                ..., description='A constrained string.'
+            )
+        
+        
+        class IntegerDatatype(BaseModel):
+            __root__: int = Field(..., description='A whole number.')
+        
+        
+        class NonNegativeIntegerDatatype(BaseModel):
+            __root__: conint(ge=0) = Field(..., description='Non-negative integer.')
+        
+        
+        class BoundedIntegerDatatype(BaseModel):
+            __root__: conint(ge=0, le=100) = Field(
+                ..., description='Integer between 0 and 100.'
+            )
+        
+        
+        class EmailDatatype(BaseModel):
+            __root__: EmailStr = Field(..., description='Email with format.')
+        
+        
+        class FormattedStringDatatype(BaseModel):
+            __root__: EmailStr = Field(..., description='A string with email format.')
+        
+        
+        class ObjectBase(BaseModel):
+            id: Optional[int] = None
+        
+        
+        class ObjectWithAllOf(ObjectBase):
+            name: Optional[str] = None
+        
+        
+        class MultiRefAllOf(BaseModel):
+            pass
+        
+        
+        class NoConstraintAllOf(BaseModel):
+            pass
+        
+        
+        class IncompatibleTypeAllOf(BaseModel):
+            pass
+        
+        
+        class ConstraintWithProperties(BaseModel):
+            extra: Optional[str] = None
+        
+        
+        class ConstraintWithItems(BaseModel):
+            pass
+        
+        
+        class NumberIntegerCompatible(BaseModel):
+            __root__: conint(ge=0) = Field(
+                ..., description='Number and integer are compatible.'
+            )
+        
+        
+        class RefWithSchemaKeywords(BaseModel):
+            __root__: constr(regex=r'^\S(.*\S)?$', min_length=5, max_length=100) = Field(
+                ..., description='Ref with additional schema keywords.'
+            )
+        
+        
+        class ArrayDatatype(BaseModel):
+            __root__: List[str]
+        
+        
+        class RefToArrayAllOf(BaseModel):
+            pass
+        
+        
+        class ObjectNoPropsDatatype(BaseModel):
+            pass
+        
+        
+        class RefToObjectNoPropsAllOf(ObjectNoPropsDatatype):
+            pass
+        
+        
+        class PatternPropsDatatype(BaseModel):
+            __root__: Dict[constr(regex=r'^S_'), str]
+        
+        
+        class RefToPatternPropsAllOf(BaseModel):
+            pass
+        
+        
+        class NestedAllOfDatatype(BaseModel):
+            pass
+        
+        
+        class RefToNestedAllOfAllOf(NestedAllOfDatatype):
+            pass
+        
+        
+        class ConstraintsOnlyDatatype(BaseModel):
+            __root__: Any = Field(..., description='Constraints only, no type.')
+        
+        
+        class RefToConstraintsOnlyAllOf(BaseModel):
+            __root__: Any = Field(..., description='Ref to constraints-only schema.')
+        
+        
+        class NoDescriptionAllOf(BaseModel):
+            __root__: constr(regex=r'^\S(.*\S)?$', min_length=5) = Field(
+                ..., description='A base string type.'
+            )
+        
+        
+        class EmptyConstraintItemAllOf(BaseModel):
+            __root__: constr(regex=r'^\S(.*\S)?$', max_length=50) = Field(
+                ..., description='AllOf with empty constraint item.'
+            )
+        
+        
+        class ConflictingFormatAllOf(BaseModel):
+            pass
+        
+        
+        class Model(BaseModel):
+            name: Optional[ConstrainedStringDatatype] = None
+            count: Optional[NonNegativeIntegerDatatype] = None
+            percentage: Optional[BoundedIntegerDatatype] = None
+            email: Optional[EmailDatatype] = None
+            obj: Optional[ObjectWithAllOf] = None
+            multi: Optional[MultiRefAllOf] = None
+            noconstraint: Optional[NoConstraintAllOf] = None
+            incompatible: Optional[IncompatibleTypeAllOf] = None
+            withprops: Optional[ConstraintWithProperties] = None
+            withitems: Optional[ConstraintWithItems] = None
+            numint: Optional[NumberIntegerCompatible] = None
+            refwithkw: Optional[RefWithSchemaKeywords] = None
+            refarr: Optional[RefToArrayAllOf] = None
+            refobjnoprops: Optional[RefToObjectNoPropsAllOf] = None
+            refpatternprops: Optional[RefToPatternPropsAllOf] = None
+            refnestedallof: Optional[RefToNestedAllOfAllOf] = None
+            refconstraintsonly: Optional[RefToConstraintsOnlyAllOf] = None
+            nodescription: Optional[NoDescriptionAllOf] = None
+            emptyconstraint: Optional[EmptyConstraintItemAllOf] = None
+            conflictingformat: Optional[ConflictingFormatAllOf] = None
+        ```
+
+    === "Without Option"
+
+        ```python
+        # generated by datamodel-codegen:
+        #   filename:  allof_root_model_constraints.json
+        #   timestamp: 2019-07-26T00:00:00+00:00
+        
+        from __future__ import annotations
+        
+        from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
+        
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr, Field, conint, constr
+        
+        
+        class StringDatatype(BaseModel):
+            __root__: constr(regex=r'^\S(.*\S)?$') = Field(
+                ..., description='A base string type.'
+            )
+        
+        
+        class ConstrainedStringDatatype(BaseModel):
+            __root__: constr(regex=r'^[A-Z].*', min_length=1) = Field(
+                ..., description='A constrained string.'
+            )
+        
+        
+        class IntegerDatatype(BaseModel):
+            __root__: int = Field(..., description='A whole number.')
+        
+        
+        class NonNegativeIntegerDatatype(BaseModel):
+            __root__: conint(ge=0) = Field(..., description='Non-negative integer.')
+        
+        
+        class BoundedIntegerDatatype(BaseModel):
+            __root__: conint(ge=0, le=100) = Field(
+                ..., description='Integer between 0 and 100.'
+            )
+        
+        
+        class EmailDatatype(BaseModel):
+            __root__: EmailStr = Field(..., description='Email with format.')
+        
+        
+        class FormattedStringDatatype(BaseModel):
+            __root__: EmailStr = Field(..., description='A string with email format.')
+        
+        
+        class ObjectBase(BaseModel):
+            id: Optional[int] = None
+        
+        
+        class ObjectWithAllOf(ObjectBase):
+            name: Optional[str] = None
+        
+        
+        class MultiRefAllOf(BaseModel):
+            pass
+        
+        
+        class NoConstraintAllOf(BaseModel):
+            pass
+        
+        
+        class IncompatibleTypeAllOf(BaseModel):
+            pass
+        
+        
+        class ConstraintWithProperties(BaseModel):
+            extra: Optional[str] = None
+        
+        
+        class ConstraintWithItems(BaseModel):
+            pass
+        
+        
+        class NumberIntegerCompatible(BaseModel):
+            __root__: conint(ge=0) = Field(
+                ..., description='Number and integer are compatible.'
+            )
+        
+        
+        class RefWithSchemaKeywords(BaseModel):
+            __root__: constr(regex=r'^\S(.*\S)?$', min_length=5, max_length=100) = Field(
+                ..., description='Ref with additional schema keywords.'
+            )
+        
+        
+        class ArrayDatatype(BaseModel):
+            __root__: List[str]
+        
+        
+        class RefToArrayAllOf(BaseModel):
+            pass
+        
+        
+        class ObjectNoPropsDatatype(BaseModel):
+            pass
+        
+        
+        class RefToObjectNoPropsAllOf(ObjectNoPropsDatatype):
+            pass
+        
+        
+        class PatternPropsDatatype(BaseModel):
+            __root__: Dict[constr(regex=r'^S_'), str]
+        
+        
+        class RefToPatternPropsAllOf(BaseModel):
+            pass
+        
+        
+        class NestedAllOfDatatype(BaseModel):
+            pass
+        
+        
+        class RefToNestedAllOfAllOf(NestedAllOfDatatype):
+            pass
+        
+        
+        class ConstraintsOnlyDatatype(BaseModel):
+            __root__: Any = Field(..., description='Constraints only, no type.')
+        
+        
+        class RefToConstraintsOnlyAllOf(BaseModel):
+            __root__: Any = Field(..., description='Ref to constraints-only schema.')
+        
+        
+        class NoDescriptionAllOf(BaseModel):
+            __root__: constr(regex=r'^\S(.*\S)?$', min_length=5) = Field(
+                ..., description='A base string type.'
+            )
+        
+        
+        class EmptyConstraintItemAllOf(BaseModel):
+            __root__: constr(regex=r'^\S(.*\S)?$', max_length=50) = Field(
+                ..., description='AllOf with empty constraint item.'
+            )
+        
+        
+        class ConflictingFormatAllOf(BaseModel):
+            pass
+        
+        
+        class Model(BaseModel):
+            name: Optional[ConstrainedStringDatatype] = None
+            count: Optional[NonNegativeIntegerDatatype] = None
+            percentage: Optional[BoundedIntegerDatatype] = None
+            email: Optional[EmailDatatype] = None
+            obj: Optional[ObjectWithAllOf] = None
+            multi: Optional[MultiRefAllOf] = None
+            noconstraint: Optional[NoConstraintAllOf] = None
+            incompatible: Optional[IncompatibleTypeAllOf] = None
+            withprops: Optional[ConstraintWithProperties] = None
+            withitems: Optional[ConstraintWithItems] = None
+            numint: Optional[NumberIntegerCompatible] = None
+            refwithkw: Optional[RefWithSchemaKeywords] = None
+            refarr: Optional[RefToArrayAllOf] = None
+            refobjnoprops: Optional[RefToObjectNoPropsAllOf] = None
+            refpatternprops: Optional[RefToPatternPropsAllOf] = None
+            refnestedallof: Optional[RefToNestedAllOfAllOf] = None
+            refconstraintsonly: Optional[RefToConstraintsOnlyAllOf] = None
+            nodescription: Optional[NoDescriptionAllOf] = None
+            emptyconstraint: Optional[EmptyConstraintItemAllOf] = None
+            conflictingformat: Optional[ConflictingFormatAllOf] = None
+        ```
 
 ---
 
@@ -167,12 +663,11 @@ postponed evaluation of annotations (PEP 563).
 
 ## `--enum-field-as-literal` {#enum-field-as-literal}
 
-Generate Literal types instead of Enums for fields with enumerated values.
+Convert all enum fields to Literal types instead of Enum classes.
 
-The --enum-field-as-literal option replaces Enum classes with Literal types for
-fields that have a fixed set of allowed values. Use 'all' to convert all enum
-fields, or 'one' to only convert enums with a single value. This produces more
-concise type hints and avoids creating Enum classes when not needed.
+The `--enum-field-as-literal all` flag converts all enum types to Literal
+type annotations. This is useful when you want string literal types instead
+of Enum classes for all enumerations.
 
 !!! tip "Usage"
 
@@ -184,46 +679,113 @@ concise type hints and avoids creating Enum classes when not needed.
 
 ??? example "Input Schema"
 
-    ```yaml
-    $schema: http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#
-    type: object
-    title: Config
-    properties:
-      mode:
-        title: Mode
-        type: string
-        oneOf:
-          - title: fast
-            const: fast
-          - title: slow
-            const: slow
-      modes:
-        type: array
-        items:
-          type: string
-          oneOf:
-            - const: a
-            - const: b
+    ```graphql
+    "Employee shift status"
+    enum EmployeeShiftStatus {
+      "not on shift"
+      NOT_ON_SHIFT
+      "on shift"
+      ON_SHIFT
+    }
+    
+    enum Color {
+      RED
+      GREEN
+      BLUE
+    }
+    
+    enum EnumWithOneField {
+        FIELD
+    }
     ```
 
 ??? example "Output"
 
-    ```python
-    # generated by datamodel-codegen:
-    #   filename:  oneof_const_enum_nested.yaml
-    #   timestamp: 2019-07-26T00:00:00+00:00
-    
-    from __future__ import annotations
-    
-    from typing import List, Literal, Optional
-    
-    from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
-    
-    
-    class Config(BaseModel):
-        mode: Optional[Literal['fast', 'slow']] = Field(None, title='Mode')
-        modes: Optional[List[Literal['a', 'b']]] = None
-    ```
+    === "With Option"
+
+        ```python
+        # generated by datamodel-codegen:
+        #   filename:  enums.graphql
+        #   timestamp: 2019-07-26T00:00:00+00:00
+        
+        from __future__ import annotations
+        
+        from typing import Literal
+        
+        from pydantic import BaseModel
+        from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
+        
+        Boolean: TypeAlias = bool
+        """
+        The `Boolean` scalar type represents `true` or `false`.
+        """
+        
+        
+        String: TypeAlias = str
+        """
+        The `String` scalar type represents textual data, represented as UTF-8 character sequences. The String type is most often used by GraphQL to represent free-form human-readable text.
+        """
+        
+        
+        class Color(BaseModel):
+            __root__: Literal['BLUE', 'GREEN', 'RED']
+        
+        
+        class EmployeeShiftStatus(BaseModel):
+            """
+            Employee shift status
+            """
+        
+            __root__: Literal['NOT_ON_SHIFT', 'ON_SHIFT']
+        
+        
+        class EnumWithOneField(BaseModel):
+            __root__: Literal['FIELD']
+        ```
+
+    === "Without Option"
+
+        ```python
+        # generated by datamodel-codegen:
+        #   filename:  enums.graphql
+        #   timestamp: 2019-07-26T00:00:00+00:00
+        
+        from __future__ import annotations
+        
+        from enum import Enum
+        
+        from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
+        
+        Boolean: TypeAlias = bool
+        """
+        The `Boolean` scalar type represents `true` or `false`.
+        """
+        
+        
+        String: TypeAlias = str
+        """
+        The `String` scalar type represents textual data, represented as UTF-8 character sequences. The String type is most often used by GraphQL to represent free-form human-readable text.
+        """
+        
+        
+        class Color(Enum):
+            BLUE = 'BLUE'
+            GREEN = 'GREEN'
+            RED = 'RED'
+        
+        
+        class EmployeeShiftStatus(Enum):
+            """
+            Employee shift status
+            """
+        
+            NOT_ON_SHIFT = 'NOT_ON_SHIFT'
+            ON_SHIFT = 'ON_SHIFT'
+        
+        
+        class EnumWithOneField(Enum):
+            FIELD = 'FIELD'
+        ```
 
 ---
 
diff --git a/tests/main/graphql/test_main_graphql.py b/tests/main/graphql/test_main_graphql.py
index 0539ced48..5929f39af 100644
--- a/tests/main/graphql/test_main_graphql.py
+++ b/tests/main/graphql/test_main_graphql.py
@@ -27,12 +27,25 @@
         ),
     ],
 )
+@pytest.mark.cli_doc(
+    options=["--output-model-type"],
+    input_schema="graphql/simple-star-wars.graphql",
+    cli_args=["--output-model-type", "pydantic.BaseModel"],
+    model_outputs={
+        "pydantic_v1": "graphql/simple_star_wars.py",
+        "dataclass": "graphql/simple_star_wars_dataclass.py",
+    },
+)
 @pytest.mark.skipif(
     black.__version__.split(".")[0] == "19",
     reason="Installed black doesn't support the old style",
 )
 def test_main_graphql_simple_star_wars(output_model: str, expected_output: str, output_file: Path) -> None:
-    """Test GraphQL code generation for simple Star Wars schema."""
+    """Generate models from GraphQL with different output model types.
+
+    This example demonstrates using `--output-model-type` with GraphQL schemas
+    to generate either Pydantic models or dataclasses.
+    """
     run_main_and_assert(
         input_path=GRAPHQL_DATA_PATH / "simple-star-wars.graphql",
         output_path=output_file,
@@ -165,8 +178,20 @@ def test_main_graphql_specialized_enums(output_file: Path) -> None:
     )
 
 
+@pytest.mark.cli_doc(
+    options=["--enum-field-as-literal"],
+    input_schema="graphql/enums.graphql",
+    cli_args=["--enum-field-as-literal", "all"],
+    golden_output="graphql/enum_literals_all.py",
+    comparison_output="graphql/enums.py",
+)
 def test_main_graphql_enums_as_literals_all(output_file: Path) -> None:
-    """Test GraphQL code generation with all enum fields as literals."""
+    """Convert all enum fields to Literal types instead of Enum classes.
+
+    The `--enum-field-as-literal all` flag converts all enum types to Literal
+    type annotations. This is useful when you want string literal types instead
+    of Enum classes for all enumerations.
+    """
     run_main_and_assert(
         input_path=GRAPHQL_DATA_PATH / "enums.graphql",
         output_path=output_file,
@@ -177,8 +202,18 @@ def test_main_graphql_enums_as_literals_all(output_file: Path) -> None:
     )
 
 
+@pytest.mark.cli_doc(
+    options=["--enum-field-as-literal"],
+    input_schema="graphql/enums.graphql",
+    cli_args=["--enum-field-as-literal", "one"],
+    golden_output="graphql/enum_literals_one.py",
+)
 def test_main_graphql_enums_as_literals_one(output_file: Path) -> None:
-    """Test GraphQL code generation with single-field enums as literals."""
+    """Convert single-member enums to Literal types.
+
+    The `--enum-field-as-literal one` flag only converts enums with a single
+    member to Literal types, keeping multi-member enums as Enum classes.
+    """
     run_main_and_assert(
         input_path=GRAPHQL_DATA_PATH / "enums.graphql",
         output_path=output_file,
diff --git a/tests/main/jsonschema/test_main_jsonschema.py b/tests/main/jsonschema/test_main_jsonschema.py
index efeb3ee5c..2652d1b80 100644
--- a/tests/main/jsonschema/test_main_jsonschema.py
+++ b/tests/main/jsonschema/test_main_jsonschema.py
@@ -432,12 +432,19 @@ def test_main_jsonschema_no_empty_collapsed_external_model(tmp_path: Path) -> No
     options=["--output-model-type"],
     input_schema="jsonschema/null_and_array.json",
     cli_args=["--output-model-type", "pydantic.BaseModel"],
-    golden_output="jsonschema/null_and_array.py",
+    model_outputs={
+        "pydantic_v1": "main/jsonschema/null_and_array.py",
+        "pydantic_v2": "main/jsonschema/null_and_array_v2.py",
+    },
+    primary=True,
 )
 def test_main_null_and_array(output_model: str, expected_output: str, output_file: Path) -> None:
-    """Specify the output model type (pydantic, dataclass, typeddict, msgspec).
+    """Select the output model type (Pydantic v1/v2, dataclasses, TypedDict, msgspec).
 
-    The `--output-model-type` flag configures the code generation behavior.
+    The `--output-model-type` flag specifies which Python data model framework to use
+    for the generated code. Supported values include `pydantic.BaseModel`,
+    `pydantic_v2.BaseModel`, `dataclasses.dataclass`, `typing.TypedDict`, and
+    `msgspec.Struct`.
     """
     run_main_and_assert(
         input_path=JSON_SCHEMA_DATA_PATH / "null_and_array.json",
@@ -1944,12 +1951,6 @@ def test_main_jsonschema_field_include_all_keys(output_file: Path) -> None:
     )
 
 
-@pytest.mark.cli_doc(
-    options=["--field-extra-keys-without-x-prefix"],
-    input_schema="jsonschema/extras.json",
-    cli_args=["--field-include-all-keys", "--field-extra-keys-without-x-prefix", "x-repr"],
-    golden_output="main/jsonschema/field_extras_field_include_all_keys.py",
-)
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     ("output_model", "expected_output"),
     [
@@ -1963,6 +1964,15 @@ def test_main_jsonschema_field_include_all_keys(output_file: Path) -> None:
         ),
     ],
 )
+@pytest.mark.cli_doc(
+    options=["--field-extra-keys-without-x-prefix"],
+    input_schema="jsonschema/extras.json",
+    cli_args=["--field-include-all-keys", "--field-extra-keys-without-x-prefix", "x-repr"],
+    model_outputs={
+        "pydantic_v1": "main/jsonschema/field_extras_field_include_all_keys.py",
+        "pydantic_v2": "main/jsonschema/field_extras_field_include_all_keys_v2.py",
+    },
+)
 def test_main_jsonschema_field_extras_field_include_all_keys(
     output_model: str, expected_output: str, output_file: Path
 ) -> None:
@@ -2006,7 +2016,10 @@ def test_main_jsonschema_field_extras_field_include_all_keys(
     options=["--field-extra-keys"],
     input_schema="jsonschema/extras.json",
     cli_args=["--field-extra-keys", "key2", "--field-extra-keys-without-x-prefix", "x-repr"],
-    golden_output="jsonschema/field_extras_field_extra_keys.py",
+    model_outputs={
+        "pydantic_v1": "main/jsonschema/field_extras_field_extra_keys.py",
+        "pydantic_v2": "main/jsonschema/field_extras_field_extra_keys_v2.py",
+    },
 )
 def test_main_jsonschema_field_extras_field_extra_keys(
     output_model: str, expected_output: str, output_file: Path
@@ -4087,57 +4100,43 @@ def test_main_jsonschema_ref_with_additional_keywords(output_dir: Path) -> None:
     )
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("output_model", "expected_file"),
+    [
+        ("typing.TypedDict", "reserved_field_name_schema_typed_dict.py"),
+        ("dataclasses.dataclass", "reserved_field_name_schema_dataclass.py"),
+        ("pydantic_v2.BaseModel", "reserved_field_name_schema_pydantic.py"),
+    ],
+)
+@pytest.mark.cli_doc(
+    options=["--output-model-type"],
+    input_schema="jsonschema/reserved_field_name_schema.json",
+    cli_args=["--target-python-version", "3.11"],
+    model_outputs={
+        "typeddict": "main/jsonschema/reserved_field_name_schema_typed_dict.py",
+        "dataclass": "main/jsonschema/reserved_field_name_schema_dataclass.py",
+        "pydantic_v2": "main/jsonschema/reserved_field_name_schema_pydantic.py",
+    },
+)
 @pytest.mark.benchmark
 @LEGACY_BLACK_SKIP
-def test_main_jsonschema_reserved_field_name_typed_dict(output_file: Path) -> None:
-    """Test that 'schema' field is not renamed in TypedDict (Issue #1833)."""
-    run_main_and_assert(
-        input_path=JSON_SCHEMA_DATA_PATH / "reserved_field_name_schema.json",
-        output_path=output_file,
-        input_file_type="jsonschema",
-        assert_func=assert_file_content,
-        expected_file="reserved_field_name_schema_typed_dict.py",
-        extra_args=[
-            "--output-model-type",
-            "typing.TypedDict",
-            "--target-python-version",
-            "3.11",
-        ],
-    )
-
-
-@pytest.mark.benchmark
-@LEGACY_BLACK_SKIP
-def test_main_jsonschema_reserved_field_name_dataclass(output_file: Path) -> None:
-    """Test that 'schema' field is not renamed in dataclass (Issue #1833)."""
-    run_main_and_assert(
-        input_path=JSON_SCHEMA_DATA_PATH / "reserved_field_name_schema.json",
-        output_path=output_file,
-        input_file_type="jsonschema",
-        assert_func=assert_file_content,
-        expected_file="reserved_field_name_schema_dataclass.py",
-        extra_args=[
-            "--output-model-type",
-            "dataclasses.dataclass",
-            "--target-python-version",
-            "3.11",
-        ],
-    )
-
+def test_main_jsonschema_reserved_field_name(output_model: str, expected_file: str, output_file: Path) -> None:
+    """Test reserved field name handling across model types (Issue #1833).
 
-@pytest.mark.benchmark
-@LEGACY_BLACK_SKIP
-def test_main_jsonschema_reserved_field_name_pydantic(output_file: Path) -> None:
-    """Test that 'schema' field is renamed to 'schema_' with alias in Pydantic (Issue #1833)."""
+    This demonstrates how 'schema' field is handled:
+    - TypedDict: not renamed (schema is not reserved)
+    - dataclass: not renamed (schema is not reserved)
+    - Pydantic: renamed to 'schema_' with alias (BaseModel.schema conflicts)
+    """
     run_main_and_assert(
         input_path=JSON_SCHEMA_DATA_PATH / "reserved_field_name_schema.json",
         output_path=output_file,
         input_file_type="jsonschema",
         assert_func=assert_file_content,
-        expected_file="reserved_field_name_schema_pydantic.py",
+        expected_file=expected_file,
         extra_args=[
             "--output-model-type",
-            "pydantic_v2.BaseModel",
+            output_model,
             "--target-python-version",
             "3.11",
         ],
@@ -4200,47 +4199,41 @@ def test_main_bundled_schema_with_id_url(mocker: MockerFixture, output_file: Pat
     )
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("output_model", "expected_file"),
+    [
+        ("pydantic.BaseModel", "use_frozen_field_v1.py"),
+        ("pydantic_v2.BaseModel", "use_frozen_field_v2.py"),
+        ("dataclasses.dataclass", "use_frozen_field_dataclass.py"),
+    ],
+)
 @pytest.mark.cli_doc(
     options=["--use-frozen-field"],
     input_schema="jsonschema/use_frozen_field.json",
-    cli_args=["--use-frozen-field", "--output-model-type", "pydantic_v2.BaseModel"],
-    golden_output="jsonschema/use_frozen_field_v2.py",
+    cli_args=["--use-frozen-field"],
+    model_outputs={
+        "pydantic_v1": "main/jsonschema/use_frozen_field_v1.py",
+        "pydantic_v2": "main/jsonschema/use_frozen_field_v2.py",
+        "dataclass": "main/jsonschema/use_frozen_field_dataclass.py",
+    },
 )
 @pytest.mark.benchmark
 @LEGACY_BLACK_SKIP
-def test_main_use_frozen_field_pydantic_v2(output_file: Path) -> None:
-    """Generate frozen (immutable) field definitions.
+def test_main_use_frozen_field(output_model: str, expected_file: str, output_file: Path) -> None:
+    """Generate frozen (immutable) field definitions for readOnly properties.
 
-    The `--use-frozen-field` flag configures the code generation behavior.
+    The `--use-frozen-field` flag generates frozen field definitions:
+    - Pydantic v1: `Field(allow_mutation=False)`
+    - Pydantic v2: `Field(frozen=True)`
+    - Dataclasses: silently ignored (no frozen fields generated)
     """
     run_main_and_assert(
         input_path=JSON_SCHEMA_DATA_PATH / "use_frozen_field.json",
         output_path=output_file,
         input_file_type="jsonschema",
         assert_func=assert_file_content,
-        expected_file="use_frozen_field_v2.py",
-        extra_args=[
-            "--output-model-type",
-            "pydantic_v2.BaseModel",
-            "--use-frozen-field",
-        ],
-    )
-
-
-@pytest.mark.benchmark
-def test_main_use_frozen_field_pydantic_v1(output_file: Path) -> None:
-    """Test --use-frozen-field with Pydantic v1 generates Field(allow_mutation=False) for readOnly fields."""
-    run_main_and_assert(
-        input_path=JSON_SCHEMA_DATA_PATH / "use_frozen_field.json",
-        output_path=output_file,
-        input_file_type="jsonschema",
-        assert_func=assert_file_content,
-        expected_file="use_frozen_field_v1.py",
-        extra_args=[
-            "--output-model-type",
-            "pydantic.BaseModel",
-            "--use-frozen-field",
-        ],
+        expected_file=expected_file,
+        extra_args=["--output-model-type", output_model, "--use-frozen-field"],
     )
 
 
@@ -4254,28 +4247,7 @@ def test_main_use_frozen_field_no_readonly(output_file: Path) -> None:
         input_file_type="jsonschema",
         assert_func=assert_file_content,
         expected_file="use_frozen_field_no_readonly.py",
-        extra_args=[
-            "--output-model-type",
-            "pydantic_v2.BaseModel",
-            "--use-frozen-field",
-        ],
-    )
-
-
-@pytest.mark.benchmark
-def test_main_use_frozen_field_dataclass(output_file: Path) -> None:
-    """Test --use-frozen-field with dataclass silently ignores (no error, no frozen)."""
-    run_main_and_assert(
-        input_path=JSON_SCHEMA_DATA_PATH / "use_frozen_field.json",
-        output_path=output_file,
-        input_file_type="jsonschema",
-        assert_func=assert_file_content,
-        expected_file="use_frozen_field_dataclass.py",
-        extra_args=[
-            "--output-model-type",
-            "dataclasses.dataclass",
-            "--use-frozen-field",
-        ],
+        extra_args=["--output-model-type", "pydantic_v2.BaseModel", "--use-frozen-field"],
     )
 
 
@@ -4294,27 +4266,40 @@ def test_main_field_name_shadows_class_name(output_file: Path) -> None:
     )
 
 
+@pytest.mark.cli_doc(
+    options=["--allof-merge-mode"],
+    input_schema="jsonschema/allof_root_model_constraints.json",
+    cli_args=["--allof-merge-mode", "constraints"],
+    golden_output="main/jsonschema/allof_root_model_constraints_merge.py",
+    comparison_output="main/jsonschema/allof_root_model_constraints.py",
+)
 @pytest.mark.benchmark
-def test_main_allof_root_model_constraints(output_file: Path) -> None:
-    """Test allOf with root model reference and constraints (issue #1901)."""
+def test_main_allof_root_model_constraints_merge(output_file: Path) -> None:
+    """Merge constraints from root model references in allOf schemas.
+
+    The `--allof-merge-mode constraints` merges only constraint properties
+    (minLength, maximum, etc.) from parent schemas referenced in allOf.
+    This ensures child schemas inherit validation constraints while keeping
+    other properties separate.
+    """
     run_main_and_assert(
         input_path=JSON_SCHEMA_DATA_PATH / "allof_root_model_constraints.json",
         output_path=output_file,
         input_file_type="jsonschema",
         assert_func=assert_file_content,
-        expected_file="allof_root_model_constraints.py",
-        extra_args=["--allof-merge-mode", "none"],
+        expected_file="allof_root_model_constraints_merge.py",
+        extra_args=["--allof-merge-mode", "constraints"],
     )
 
 
 @pytest.mark.benchmark
-def test_main_allof_root_model_constraints_merge(output_file: Path) -> None:
-    """Test allOf with root model reference and constraints with merge mode (issue #1901)."""
+def test_main_allof_root_model_constraints_none(output_file: Path) -> None:
+    """Test allOf with root model reference without merging (issue #1901)."""
     run_main_and_assert(
         input_path=JSON_SCHEMA_DATA_PATH / "allof_root_model_constraints.json",
         output_path=output_file,
         input_file_type="jsonschema",
         assert_func=assert_file_content,
-        expected_file="allof_root_model_constraints_merge.py",
-        extra_args=["--allof-merge-mode", "constraints"],
+        expected_file="allof_root_model_constraints.py",
+        extra_args=["--allof-merge-mode", "none"],
     )
diff --git a/tests/main/openapi/test_main_openapi.py b/tests/main/openapi/test_main_openapi.py
index 93c1fa915..67d419379 100644
--- a/tests/main/openapi/test_main_openapi.py
+++ b/tests/main/openapi/test_main_openapi.py
@@ -2861,27 +2861,38 @@ def test_main_openapi_msgspec_use_annotated_with_field_constraints(output_file:
     )
 
 
-def test_main_openapi_discriminator_one_literal_as_default(output_file: Path) -> None:
-    """Test OpenAPI generation with discriminator one literal as default."""
-    run_main_and_assert(
-        input_path=OPEN_API_DATA_PATH / "discriminator_enum.yaml",
-        output_path=output_file,
-        input_file_type="openapi",
-        assert_func=assert_file_content,
-        expected_file=EXPECTED_OPENAPI_PATH / "discriminator" / "enum_one_literal_as_default.py",
-        extra_args=["--output-model-type", "pydantic_v2.BaseModel", "--use-one-literal-as-default"],
-    )
-
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("output_model", "expected_file"),
+    [
+        ("pydantic_v2.BaseModel", "discriminator/enum_one_literal_as_default.py"),
+        ("dataclasses.dataclass", "discriminator/dataclass_enum_one_literal_as_default.py"),
+    ],
+)
+@pytest.mark.cli_doc(
+    options=["--use-one-literal-as-default"],
+    input_schema="openapi/discriminator_enum.yaml",
+    cli_args=["--use-one-literal-as-default"],
+    model_outputs={
+        "pydantic_v2": "openapi/discriminator/enum_one_literal_as_default.py",
+        "dataclass": "openapi/discriminator/dataclass_enum_one_literal_as_default.py",
+    },
+)
+def test_main_openapi_discriminator_one_literal_as_default(
+    output_model: str, expected_file: str, output_file: Path
+) -> None:
+    """Set default value when only one literal is valid for a discriminator field.
 
-def test_main_openapi_discriminator_one_literal_as_default_dataclass(output_file: Path) -> None:
-    """Test OpenAPI generation with discriminator one literal as default for dataclass."""
+    The `--use-one-literal-as-default` flag sets default values for discriminator
+    fields when only one literal value is valid, reducing boilerplate in model
+    instantiation.
+    """
     run_main_and_assert(
         input_path=OPEN_API_DATA_PATH / "discriminator_enum.yaml",
         output_path=output_file,
         input_file_type="openapi",
         assert_func=assert_file_content,
-        expected_file=EXPECTED_OPENAPI_PATH / "discriminator" / "dataclass_enum_one_literal_as_default.py",
-        extra_args=["--output-model-type", "dataclasses.dataclass", "--use-one-literal-as-default"],
+        expected_file=EXPECTED_OPENAPI_PATH / expected_file,
+        extra_args=["--output-model-type", output_model, "--use-one-literal-as-default"],
     )
 
 
diff --git a/tests/test_main_kr.py b/tests/test_main_kr.py
index ea66925d3..d0efb0a38 100644
--- a/tests/test_main_kr.py
+++ b/tests/test_main_kr.py
@@ -278,9 +278,21 @@ def test_main_use_schema_description(output_file: Path) -> None:
     )
 
 
+@pytest.mark.cli_doc(
+    options=["--use-field-description"],
+    input_schema="openapi/api_multiline_docstrings.yaml",
+    cli_args=["--use-field-description"],
+    golden_output="main_kr/main_use_field_description/output.py",
+    related_options=["--use-schema-description", "--use-inline-field-description"],
+)
 @freeze_time("2022-11-11")
 def test_main_use_field_description(output_file: Path) -> None:
-    """Test --use-field-description option."""
+    """Add field descriptions using Pydantic Field().
+
+    The `--use-field-description` flag adds the `description` property from
+    schema fields as the `description` parameter in Pydantic Field(). This
+    provides documentation that is accessible via model schema and OpenAPI docs.
+    """
     run_main_and_assert(
         input_path=OPEN_API_DATA_PATH / "api_multiline_docstrings.yaml",
         output_path=output_file,