diff --git a/.github/workflows/ruby.yml b/.github/workflows/ruby.yml
index a74557bd5..5213690d1 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ruby.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ruby.yml
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ jobs:
 
     services:
       postgres:
-        image: postgres:11
+        image: postgres:14
         env:
           POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
           POSTGRES_HOST_AUTH_METHOD: trust
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ jobs:
 
     services:
       postgres:
-        image: postgres:11
+        image: postgres:14
         env:
           POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
           POSTGRES_HOST_AUTH_METHOD: trust
diff --git a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
index df059b063..6f8df4bd7 100644
--- a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
+++ b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 require 'arjdbc/postgresql/base/array_decoder'
 require 'arjdbc/postgresql/base/array_encoder'
 require 'arjdbc/postgresql/name'
+require 'arjdbc/postgresql/pg_compat'
 require 'arjdbc/postgresql/database_statements'
 require 'arjdbc/postgresql/schema_statements'
 require "arjdbc/postgresql/adapter_hash_config"
diff --git a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/pg_compat.rb b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/pg_compat.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a8bcd5883
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/pg_compat.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Minimal subset of the libpq constants that ActiveRecord's native PostgreSQL
+# code paths reference as ::PG::* (e.g. #retryable_query_error? checks
+# transaction_status against PQTRANS_INERROR, and the Rails test-suite helper
+# +remote_disconnect+ uses CONNECTION_BAD / PQTRANS_INTRANS).
+#
+# The matching #status / #transaction_status / #async_exec methods are defined
+# on the JDBC connection (PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection) in the Java extension.
+#
+# Only defined when the real pg gem is absent (i.e. under JRuby).
+unless defined?(PG)
+  module PG
+    # PQtransactionStatus
+    PQTRANS_IDLE    = 0 # connection idle, no transaction open
+    PQTRANS_ACTIVE  = 1 # command in progress
+    PQTRANS_INTRANS = 2 # idle, within a transaction block
+    PQTRANS_INERROR = 3 # idle, within a failed transaction block
+    PQTRANS_UNKNOWN = 4 # connection is bad / state cannot be determined
+
+    # PQstatus (subset that AR uses)
+    CONNECTION_OK  = 0
+    CONNECTION_BAD = 1
+  end
+end
diff --git a/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java b/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java
index ded69a537..193846517 100644
--- a/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java
+++ b/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java
@@ -214,6 +214,68 @@ public IRubyObject database_product(final ThreadContext context) {
         });
     }
 
+    // libpq PQtransactionStatus codes (see PG::PQTRANS_* / pg_compat.rb).
+    private static final int PQTRANS_IDLE    = 0;
+    private static final int PQTRANS_INTRANS = 2;
+    private static final int PQTRANS_INERROR = 3;
+    private static final int PQTRANS_UNKNOWN = 4;
+    // libpq PQstatus codes (see PG::CONNECTION_* / pg_compat.rb).
+    private static final int CONNECTION_OK  = 0;
+    private static final int CONNECTION_BAD = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Mirrors <code>PG::Connection#transaction_status</code>. ActiveRecord's
+     * #retryable_query_error? distinguishes PQTRANS_INERROR from other states,
+     * so we read the JDBC driver's protocol-level transaction state (exposed
+     * only on the internal BaseConnection; PGConnection has no equivalent).
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "transaction_status")
+    public IRubyObject transaction_status(final ThreadContext context) {
+        // getTransactionState() is a local protocol-state read (no server
+        // round-trip), so use the plain accessor rather than withConnection's
+        // retry/reconnect machinery; a missing/closed connection or any error
+        // falls through to PQTRANS_UNKNOWN (matching libpq).
+        final Connection connection = getConnection(false);
+        try {
+            if (connection != null) {
+                final org.postgresql.core.BaseConnection base =
+                    connection.unwrap(org.postgresql.core.BaseConnection.class);
+                switch (base.getTransactionState()) {
+                    case IDLE:   return context.runtime.newFixnum(PQTRANS_IDLE);
+                    case OPEN:   return context.runtime.newFixnum(PQTRANS_INTRANS);
+                    case FAILED: return context.runtime.newFixnum(PQTRANS_INERROR);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        catch (SQLException e) { /* fall through to unknown */ }
+        return context.runtime.newFixnum(PQTRANS_UNKNOWN);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Mirrors <code>PG::Connection#status</code> (CONNECTION_OK / CONNECTION_BAD).
+     * A closed connection reports CONNECTION_BAD so AR / test helpers reconnect.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "status")
+    public IRubyObject status(final ThreadContext context) {
+        final Connection connection = getConnection(false);
+        try {
+            if (connection != null && !connection.isClosed()) {
+                return context.runtime.newFixnum(CONNECTION_OK);
+            }
+        }
+        catch (SQLException e) { /* treat as bad below */ }
+        return context.runtime.newFixnum(CONNECTION_BAD);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Mirrors <code>PG::Connection#async_exec</code>; under JDBC the statement
+     * runs synchronously. Used by Rails' +remote_disconnect+ test helper.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "async_exec", required = 1)
+    public IRubyObject async_exec(final ThreadContext context, final IRubyObject sql) {
+        return execute(context, sql);
+    }
+
     @JRubyMethod
     public IRubyObject exec_params(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject sql, IRubyObject binds) {
         return execute_prepared_query(context, sql, binds, null);