diff --git a/packages/browser-utils/src/getNativeImplementation.ts b/packages/browser-utils/src/getNativeImplementation.ts
index 0bb5302b12f5..402cb6bac8cc 100644
--- a/packages/browser-utils/src/getNativeImplementation.ts
+++ b/packages/browser-utils/src/getNativeImplementation.ts
@@ -119,5 +119,15 @@ export function fetch(...rest: Parameters<typeof WINDOW.fetch>): ReturnType<type
  * avoiding triggering change detection.
  */
 export function setTimeout(...rest: Parameters<typeof WINDOW.setTimeout>): ReturnType<typeof WINDOW.setTimeout> {
-  return getNativeImplementation('setTimeout')(...rest);
+  try {
+    return getNativeImplementation('setTimeout')(...rest);
+  } catch (e) {
+    // The implementation retrieved from the (since removed) sandbox iframe may throw when invoked,
+    // e.g. Firefox throws `NS_ERROR_NOT_INITIALIZED` for timers of a detached window.
+    // In this case, fall back to (and cache) the window's own setTimeout.
+    DEBUG_BUILD && debug.warn('Could not use native setTimeout implementation, falling back to window.setTimeout: ', e);
+    const fallback = WINDOW.setTimeout.bind(WINDOW) as typeof WINDOW.setTimeout;
+    cachedImplementations.setTimeout = fallback;
+    return fallback(...rest);
+  }
 }
diff --git a/packages/browser-utils/test/getNativeImplementation.test.ts b/packages/browser-utils/test/getNativeImplementation.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cb7dc59011e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/browser-utils/test/getNativeImplementation.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/**
+ * @vitest-environment jsdom
+ */
+
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { clearCachedImplementation, setTimeout as sentrySetTimeout } from '../src/getNativeImplementation';
+import { WINDOW } from '../src/types';
+
+describe('setTimeout', () => {
+  const originalSetTimeout = WINDOW.setTimeout;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    clearCachedImplementation('setTimeout');
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    WINDOW.setTimeout = originalSetTimeout;
+    clearCachedImplementation('setTimeout');
+    vi.restoreAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  it('falls back to window.setTimeout if the sandboxed iframe implementation throws', async () => {
+    // Simulate a wrapped (non-native) window.setTimeout, e.g. by a browser extension
+    const wrappedSetTimeout = vi.fn((...args: Parameters<typeof originalSetTimeout>) => originalSetTimeout(...args));
+    WINDOW.setTimeout = wrappedSetTimeout as unknown as typeof WINDOW.setTimeout;
+
+    // Simulate Firefox throwing `NS_ERROR_NOT_INITIALIZED` when calling setTimeout of a detached iframe window
+    const detachedSetTimeout = vi.fn(() => {
+      const error = new Error('');
+      error.name = 'NS_ERROR_NOT_INITIALIZED';
+      throw error;
+    });
+    const fakeIframe = { hidden: false, contentWindow: { setTimeout: detachedSetTimeout } };
+
+    const document = WINDOW.document as Document;
+    vi.spyOn(document, 'createElement').mockReturnValue(fakeIframe as unknown as HTMLElement);
+    vi.spyOn(document.head, 'appendChild').mockImplementation(node => node);
+    vi.spyOn(document.head, 'removeChild').mockImplementation(node => node);
+
+    const callback = vi.fn();
+
+    expect(() => sentrySetTimeout(callback, 0)).not.toThrow();
+    expect(detachedSetTimeout).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(wrappedSetTimeout).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+
+    // Subsequent calls use the cached fallback and do not hit the broken implementation again
+    sentrySetTimeout(callback, 0);
+    expect(detachedSetTimeout).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(wrappedSetTimeout).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+
+    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2));
+  });
+});