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| Transport | Uses [TCP](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Glossary/TCP)| Uses [QUIC](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9000.html)|
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| Connection | Slower due to TCP + TLS |Faster with 0-RTT QUIC |
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| Connection | Slower due to TCP + TLS |Combines transport and encryption handshakes|
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| Setup | handshake | handshakes |
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| Head-of-Line | Affected by TCP-level | Eliminated with QUIC |
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| Blocking | blocking | stream multiplexing |
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ The key differences from `HTTP/2` to `HTTP/3` are:
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***Transport Protocol**: `HTTP/3` uses QUIC instead of TCP. QUIC offers improved performance, lower latency, and better reliability, especially on mobile and lossy networks.
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***Head-of-Line Blocking**: `HTTP/2` can suffer from head-of-line blocking at the TCP level, where a delay in one stream can affect others. `HTTP/3`, with QUIC, provides independent streams, so packet loss in one stream doesn't stall others.
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***Connection Establishment**: `HTTP/3` with QUIC can establish connections faster, sometimes in zero round-trip time (0-RTT) for returning clients, as it combines transport and encryption handshakes.
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***Connection Establishment**: `HTTP/3` with QUIC can establish connections faster, as it combines transport and encryption handshakes.
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***Encryption**: `HTTP/3` mandates TLS 1.3 encryption, providing enhanced security by default, whereas it's optional in `HTTP/2`.
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***Multiplexing**: While both support multiplexing, `HTTP/3`'s implementation with QUIC is more efficient and avoids the TCP-level head-of-line blocking issues.
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***Connection Migration**: QUIC in `HTTP/3` allows connections to persist even when a client's IP address changes (like switching from Wi-Fi to cellular), improving mobile user experience.
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