diff --git a/Rules/Languages/ja/definitions.yaml b/Rules/Languages/ja/definitions.yaml
index b5e9b8f9a..95f9c262b 100644
--- a/Rules/Languages/ja/definitions.yaml
+++ b/Rules/Languages/ja/definitions.yaml
@@ -297,12 +297,12 @@
     "less-than-or-equal-to": "infix=小なり オア イコール",
     "list-separator": "infix=コンマ",
     "maps-to": "infix=に写る",
-    "member-of": "infix=元",
+    "member-of": "infix=元オブ",
     "minus-or-plus": "infix=マイナスまたはプラス",
-    "not-subset": "infix=部分集合でない",
-    "not-superset": "infix=上位集合でない",
+    "not-subset": "infix=ノット 部分集合オブ",
+    "not-superset": "infix=ノット 上位集合オブ",
     "not-equal-to": "infix=ノット イコール",
-    "not-member-of": "infix=元でない",
+    "not-member-of": "infix=ノット 元オブ",
     "not-parallel-to": "infix=平行でない",
     "obtained-from": "infix=から得られる",
     "or": "infix=または",
@@ -317,12 +317,12 @@
     "range-separator": "infix=から",
     "ratio": "infix=比率",
     "similar": "infix=相似",
-    "subset": "infix=部分集合",
-    "subset-or-equal": "infix=部分集合または等しい",
+    "subset": "infix=部分集合オブ",
+    "subset-or-equal": "infix=部分集合オブ オア イコール",
     "succeeds": "infix=に後続する",
     "such-that": "infix=そのようなこと",
-    "superset": "infix=上位集合",
-    "superset-or-equal": "infix=上位集合または等しい",
+    "superset": "infix=上位集合オブ",
+    "superset-or-equal": "infix=上位集合オブ オア イコール",
     "tilde": "infix=チルダ",
     "times": "infix=掛ける",
     "union": "infix=和集合",
diff --git a/Rules/Languages/ja/unicode.yaml b/Rules/Languages/ja/unicode.yaml
index 64ada1af2..2fb44f2da 100644
--- a/Rules/Languages/ja/unicode.yaml
+++ b/Rules/Languages/ja/unicode.yaml
@@ -353,17 +353,17 @@
               - if: $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'Auto' or $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'In'
                 then: [T: "イン"]
               - else_if: $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'Member'
-                then: [t: "元"]
+                then: [T: "元オブ"]
               - else_if: $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'Element'
                 then: [T: "要素オブ"]
               - else: [t: "に属する"]             # $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'Belongs'
             else_test:
               - if: $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'Auto' or $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'Member'
-                then: [t: "元"]
+                then: [T: "元オブ"]
               - else_if: $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'Element'
-                then: [t: "要素オブ"]
+                then: [T: "要素オブ"]
               - else_if: $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'In'
-                then: [t: "に含まれる"]
+                then: [T: "イン"]
               - else: [t: "属する"]              # $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'Belongs'
  - "∥":                                           # 0x2225
      - test:
@@ -421,25 +421,25 @@
         - test: 
             if: "$Verbosity!='Terse'"
             then: [t: "は"]
-        - t: "要素ではない"
+        - T: "ノット 要素オブ"
         # Several options for speaking elements in ClearSpeak -- they split between being inside a set or not and then the option
         else_test:
             if: "../../self::m:set or ../../../self::m:set" # inside a set
             then_test:
               - if: $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'Auto' or $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'In'
-                then: [t: "に含まれない"]
+                then: [T: "ノット イン"]
               - else_if: $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'Member'
-                then: [t: "元でない"]
+                then: [T: "ノット 元オブ"]
               - else_if: $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'Element'
-                then: [t: "要素ではない"]
+                then: [T: "ノット 要素オブ"]
               - else: [t: "属さない"]             # $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'Belongs'
             else_test:
               - if: $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'Auto' or $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'Member'
-                then: [t: "元でない"]
+                then: [T: "ノット 元オブ"]
               - else_if: $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'Element'
-                then: [t: "要素ではない"]
+                then: [T: "ノット 要素オブ"]
               - else_if: $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'In'
-                then: [t: "含まれない"]
+                then: [T: "ノット イン"]
               - else: [t: "属さない"]              # $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'Belongs'
  - "∊":                                          # 0x220a
      - test:
@@ -456,17 +456,17 @@
               - if: $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'Auto' or $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'In'
                 then: [T: "イン"]
               - else_if: $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'Member'
-                then: [t: "元"]
+                then: [T: "元オブ"]
               - else_if: $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'Element'
                 then: [T: "要素オブ"]
               - else: [t: "に属する"]             # $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'Belongs'
             else_test:
               - if: $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'Auto' or $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'Member'
-                then: [t: "元"]
+                then: [T: "元オブ"]
               - else_if: $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'Element'
-                then: [t: "要素オブ"]
+                then: [T: "要素オブ"]
               - else_if: $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'In'
-                then: [t: "に含まれる"]
+                then: [T: "イン"]
               - else: [t: "属する"]              # $ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol = 'Belongs'
  - "√":                                          # 0x221a
      - test: 
@@ -502,32 +502,32 @@
      - test: 
          if: "$Verbosity!='Terse'"
          then: [t: "は"]
-     - t: "部分集合"
+     - T: "部分集合オブ"
  - "⊃":                                          # 0x2283
      - test: 
          if: "$Verbosity!='Terse'"
          then: [t: "は"]
-     - t: "上位集合"
+     - T: "上位集合オブ"
  - "⊄":                                          # 0x2284
      - test: 
          if: "$Verbosity!='Terse'"
          then: [t: "は"]
-     - t: "部分集合でない"
+     - T: "ノット 部分集合オブ"
  - "⊅":                                          # 0x2285
      - test: 
          if: "$Verbosity!='Terse'"
          then: [t: "は"]
-     - t: "上位集合でない"
+     - T: "ノット 上位集合オブ"
  - "⊆":                                          # 0x2286
      - test: 
          if: "$Verbosity!='Terse'"
          then: [t: "は"]
-     - t: "部分集合または等しい"
+     - T: "部分集合オブ オア イコール"
  - "⊇":                                          # 0x2287
      - test: 
          if: "$Verbosity!='Terse'"
          then: [t: "は"]
-     - t: "上位集合または等しい"
+     - T: "上位集合オブ オア イコール"
 
  # --- restored short definitions that differ from unicode-full ---
  - "⇒": [t: "右二重矢印"]             # 0x21d2
diff --git a/tests/Languages/ja/ja.rs b/tests/Languages/ja/ja.rs
index 89518ff31..3be2103bf 100644
--- a/tests/Languages/ja/ja.rs
+++ b/tests/Languages/ja/ja.rs
@@ -309,6 +309,57 @@ fn set_builder_member_symbol() -> Result<()> {
     return Ok(());
 }
 
+/// ∉ is the negation of ∈, and 要素ではない ends the sentence, so the set that
+/// follows is stranded behind it: "x は 要素ではない A" reads as "x is not an element"
+/// and then an A. The source gives ノット・イコール for ≠, so the negation is that same
+/// ノット in front of whatever the positive form says.
+#[test]
+fn not_element_of() -> Result<()> {
+    let expr = "<math><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2209;</mo><mi>A</mi></math>";
+    test("ja", "SimpleSpeak", expr, "x は ノット 要素オブ, 大文字 エー")?;
+    test_ClearSpeak("ja", "ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol", "Element", expr,
+        "x ノット 要素オブ, 大文字 エー")?;
+    return Ok(());
+}
+
+/// The Member option said 元 on its own, which is the noun "element" with no
+/// preposition, so the set after it was stranded the same way 要素の was for ∈.
+/// 元オブ keeps the noun the seed chose and adds the オブ the source introduces
+/// for English prepositions. に含まれる attaches to what comes before it, which
+/// reverses the relation, so the In option uses the イン already used inside a set.
+#[test]
+fn member_and_in_options_work_between_the_operands() -> Result<()> {
+    for ch in ["&#x2208;", "&#x220a;"] {
+        let expr = format!("<math><mi>x</mi><mo>{ch}</mo><mi>A</mi></math>");
+        test_ClearSpeak("ja", "ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol", "Member", &expr,
+            "x 元オブ 大文字 エー")?;
+        test_ClearSpeak("ja", "ClearSpeak_SetMemberSymbol", "In", &expr,
+            "x イン 大文字 エー")?;
+    }
+    return Ok(());
+}
+
+/// The source gives 部分集合オブ for ⊂ and 部分集合（オブ）・オア・イコール for ⊆,
+/// where the オア イコール is the one already used for ≤. The seed dropped the オブ,
+/// leaving 部分集合 to strand the set after it, and wrote the negated forms as
+/// でない, which ends the sentence in front of that set. The source gives no
+/// reading for the superset forms, so those keep the noun the seed chose.
+#[test]
+fn subset_and_superset() -> Result<()> {
+    for (ch, expected) in [
+        ("&#x2282;", "x は 部分集合オブ y"),
+        ("&#x2283;", "x は 上位集合オブ y"),
+        ("&#x2284;", "x は ノット 部分集合オブ y"),
+        ("&#x2285;", "x は ノット 上位集合オブ y"),
+        ("&#x2286;", "x は 部分集合オブ オア イコール y"),
+        ("&#x2287;", "x は 上位集合オブ オア イコール y"),
+    ] {
+        let expr = format!("<math><mi>x</mi><mo>{ch}</mo><mi>y</mi></math>");
+        test("ja", "ClearSpeak", &expr, expected)?;
+    }
+    return Ok(());
+}
+
 /// ∾ is "most positive" in the numeric sense; 最も肯定的な is "most affirmative".
 #[test]
 fn most_positive() -> Result<()> {
@@ -523,10 +574,12 @@ fn partial_derivative_symbol() -> Result<()> {
 
 /// Set membership was worded as club membership: メンバー, 会員でない
 /// ("not a club member") and 所属団体 ("the organization one belongs to").
+/// The Auto option lands on the Member branch, which then said a bare 元でない;
+/// it now takes the ノット of ≠ in front of the 元オブ the positive form uses.
 #[test]
 fn set_non_membership() -> Result<()> {
     let expr = "<math><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2209;</mo><mi>y</mi></math>";
-    test("ja", "ClearSpeak", expr, "x 元でない y")?;
+    test("ja", "ClearSpeak", expr, "x ノット 元オブ y")?;
     return Ok(());
 }