diff --git a/python/pyarrow/io.pxi b/python/pyarrow/io.pxi
index b648fbf66980..bc3ee1841990 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/io.pxi
+++ b/python/pyarrow/io.pxi
@@ -1101,6 +1101,7 @@ cdef class MemoryMappedFile(NativeFile):
         ----------
         new_size : new size in bytes
         """
+        self._assert_open()
         check_status(self.handle.get().Resize(new_size))
 
     def fileno(self):
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_io.py b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_io.py
index 8494a0ee66b4..79f14eef7dff 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_io.py
+++ b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_io.py
@@ -1216,6 +1216,11 @@ def test_memory_map_resize(tmpdir):
         assert f.read() == bytes(arr[:SIZE])
 
 
+def test_memory_map_resize_uninitialized():
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="I/O operation on closed file"):
+        pa.MemoryMappedFile().resize(0)
+
+
 def test_memory_zero_length(tmpdir):
     path = os.path.join(str(tmpdir), guid())
     f = open(path, 'wb')