Bump Turso pin 375f5d5 -> 5e371c2 to pull in 83 trunk commits

Notable contents:
  - core/translate: UPDATE FROM support (e1d6f0177)
  - Fix stale deferred seeks when cursor slots are reopened (47f98e5c2)
  - core/storage: clear stale overflow-read state, return corrupt on
    mismatch (5e371c28a)
  - WITHOUT ROWID writes (594e0616e)
  - STRUCT and UNION composite types for STRICT tables (0d30ac633)

All 14 .github/turso-patches/*.py applied cleanly to trunk in a local
dry-run, and cargo check on the patched source succeeded. None of the
three (UPSTREAM)-tagged patches has been resolved yet.

Driver patch #16 (UPDATE ... FROM rewrite to rowid-IN subquery)
becomes redundant with this bump — left in place for now; will be
retired in a separate commit once CI confirms 592/596 holds.

Author: JanJakes

.github/workflows/phpunit-tests-turso.yml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
       # SHA to pull in newer Turso fixes.
       - name: Set Turso commit to build
         id: turso
-        run: echo "sha=375f5d55e26aa90c54abaadce7e035d8d0c6893d" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+        run: echo "sha=5e371c28a840b12bf2fdca1726453e1094f56b2a" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
       - name: Cache Turso build
         uses: actions/cache@v4