diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index ad76a6c..bcd3036 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -1,14 +1,21 @@
 name: CI
 
+# Same checks for PRs targeting main or beta (and for pushes to those branches).
 on:
   push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+      - beta
   pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - main
+      - beta
 
 jobs:
   test:
     name: Test
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    
+
     strategy:
       matrix:
         node-version: [22.x, 24.x]
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
index 51da03e..918d69e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 name: Release
 
+# Publishes to npm on push to:
+# - main  → stable (@latest)
+# - beta  → prerelease (@beta), e.g. 1.2.0-beta.1
 on:
   push:
     branches:
       - main
+      - beta
 
 jobs:
   test:
@@ -39,6 +43,11 @@ jobs:
     name: Release
     needs: test
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+      issues: write
+      pull-requests: write
+      id-token: write
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
@@ -52,6 +61,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           node-version: 22.x
           cache: 'npm'
+          registry-url: 'https://registry.npmjs.org/'
 
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: npm ci
@@ -64,3 +74,4 @@ jobs:
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_TOKEN }}
           NPM_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}
+          NODE_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}
diff --git a/.releaserc.json b/.releaserc.json
index d11fc16..88adc85 100644
--- a/.releaserc.json
+++ b/.releaserc.json
@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
 {
-  "branches": ["main"],
+  "branches": [
+    "main",
+    {
+      "name": "beta",
+      "prerelease": "beta",
+      "channel": "beta"
+    }
+  ],
   "plugins": [
     "@semantic-release/commit-analyzer",
     "@semantic-release/release-notes-generator",
@@ -9,7 +16,12 @@
         "changelogFile": "CHANGELOG.md"
       }
     ],
-    "@semantic-release/npm",
+    [
+      "@semantic-release/npm",
+      {
+        "npmPublish": true
+      }
+    ],
     [
       "@semantic-release/git",
       {
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index c846ef5..afd3f57 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -12,16 +12,21 @@ A comprehensive command-line interface for managing W3C Verifiable Credentials,
 - ✅ **Token Registry**: Mint tokens to blockchain-based token registries
 - ✅ **Document Store**: Deploy and manage document store contracts
 - ✅ **Title Escrow**: Complete transferable records management (holder/beneficiary transfers)
+- ✅ **Obligation Registry (BoE)**: Deploy/mint obligation registries, manage ObligationEscrow lifecycle, and verify BoE documents via a dedicated pipeline
 - ✅ **Credential Status**: Create and update W3C credential status lists
 - ✅ **W3C Standards**: Compliant with latest W3C DID and Verifiable Credentials specifications
 - ✅ **Multi-Network Support**: Ethereum, Polygon, XDC, Stability, and Astron networks
 - ✅ **Interactive CLI**: User-friendly prompts for all operations
 
+
+
 ## Powered By
 
 This CLI leverages the TrustVC package:
 
-- [`@trustvc/trustvc`](https://github.com/TrustVC/trustvc) - Core library for W3C credentials, OpenAttestation, token registries, and blockchain operations
+- `[@trustvc/trustvc](https://github.com/TrustVC/trustvc)` — Core library for W3C credentials, OpenAttestation, token registries, Obligation Registry (BoE), and blockchain operations
+
+BoE on-chain helpers are imported from the **root** package (`mintObligationRegistry`, `acceptObligationRegistry`, …). Prefer those over any older `@trustvc/trustvc/obligation-registry` path.
 
 ## Table of Contents
 
@@ -38,6 +43,9 @@ This CLI leverages the TrustVC package:
   - [Setup](#setup)
   - [Project Structure](#project-structure)
 - [License](#license)
+- [Obligation Registry user guide](#obligation-registry-user-guide)
+
+
 
 ## Prerequisites
 
@@ -48,6 +56,8 @@ nvm install 22
 nvm use 22
 ```
 
+
+
 ## Installation
 
 Install the CLI globally:
@@ -62,8 +72,12 @@ Or run a single command without installing:
 npx @trustvc/trustvc-cli <command>
 ```
 
+
+
 ## Quick Start
 
+
+
 ### W3C Verifiable Credentials
 
 ```sh
@@ -86,6 +100,8 @@ trustvc credential-status-create
 trustvc credential-status-update
 ```
 
+
+
 ### OpenAttestation Documents
 
 ```sh
@@ -108,6 +124,8 @@ trustvc oa-encrypt
 trustvc oa-decrypt
 ```
 
+
+
 ### Wallet Management
 
 ```sh
@@ -121,6 +139,8 @@ trustvc wallet encrypt
 trustvc wallet decrypt
 ```
 
+
+
 ### Document Store
 
 ```sh
@@ -143,6 +163,8 @@ trustvc document-store revoke-role
 trustvc document-store transfer-ownership
 ```
 
+
+
 ### Transaction
 
 ```sh
@@ -154,6 +176,8 @@ trustvc transaction cancel [options]
 # e.g. trustvc transaction cancel --transaction-hash 0x... --network sepolia --encrypted-wallet-path ./wallet.json
 ```
 
+
+
 ### Token Registry & Title Escrow
 
 ```sh
@@ -188,99 +212,155 @@ trustvc title-escrow reject-transfer-owner
 trustvc title-escrow reject-transfer-owner-holder
 ```
 
+
+
+### Obligation Registry & Escrow (BoE)
+
+```sh
+# Deploy Obligation Registry (TrustVCToken + factory)
+trustvc obligation-registry deploy
+
+# Mint a BoE tokenId to obligationRegistry (sign first with w3c-sign)
+trustvc w3c-sign
+trustvc obligation-registry mint
+
+# Lifecycle
+trustvc obligation-escrow accept
+trustvc obligation-escrow reject
+trustvc obligation-escrow discharge
+trustvc obligation-escrow status
+
+# Transfers (mirror title-escrow)
+trustvc obligation-escrow transfer-holder
+trustvc obligation-escrow nominate-transfer-owner
+trustvc obligation-escrow endorse-transfer-owner
+trustvc obligation-escrow transfer-owner-holder
+trustvc obligation-escrow reject-transfer-holder
+trustvc obligation-escrow reject-transfer-owner
+trustvc obligation-escrow reject-transfer-owner-holder
+trustvc obligation-escrow return-to-issuer
+trustvc obligation-escrow accept-return-to-issuer
+trustvc obligation-escrow reject-return-to-issuer
+
+# Verify BoE or ETR documents (unified pipeline — auto-detects ObligationRecords)
+trustvc verify
+```
+
+
+
 ## How It Works
 
+
+
 ### W3C Credentials
 
 - **Key Pair Generation**: Uses `generateKeyPair` from `@trustvc/trustvc` to create cryptographic key pairs supporting ECDSA-SD-2023 and BBS-2023 cryptosuites in Multikey format.
-
 - **DID Creation**: Uses `issueDID` to generate did:web identifiers, allowing self-hosted DIDs as unique identifiers in decentralized systems.
-
 - **Credential Signing**: Uses `signW3C` to sign verifiable credentials with did:web identifiers and modern cryptosuites.
-
 - **Credential Verification**: Uses `verifyDocument` to verify W3C verifiable credentials.
-
 - **Credential Status**: Provides commands to create and update W3C credential status lists for managing credential revocation and suspension.
 
+
+
 ### OpenAttestation
 
 - **Document Signing**: Uses `signOA` to cryptographically sign OpenAttestation v2 and v3 documents with private keys.
-
 - **Document Verification**: Uses `verifyDocument` to verify OpenAttestation documents.
-
 - **Document Wrapping**: Uses `wrapOA` to wrap OpenAttestation documents.
-
 - **Document Unwrapping**: Uses `unwrapOA` to unwrap OpenAttestation documents.
-
 - **Document Encryption**: Uses `oa-encrypt` to encrypt OA documents for safe sharing; use `oa-decrypt` with the same key to recover the document.
 
+
+
 ### Blockchain Operations
 
 - **Token Registry**: Deploy token registry contracts and mint document hashes (tokenIds) to blockchain-based token registries across multiple networks (Ethereum, Polygon, XDC, Stability, Astron).
-
 - **Document Store**: Deploy document store contracts and use `documentStoreIssue` and `documentStoreRevoke` to issue and revoke document hashes in deployed contracts.
-
 - **Transaction Cancel**: Cancel a pending transaction by replacing it with a 0-value transaction to yourself (same nonce, higher gas price). Supports specifying by transaction hash or by nonce and gas price.
-
 - **Title Escrow**: Provides comprehensive transferable records management including holder transfers, beneficiary nominations, endorsements, returns, and rejections using smart contracts.
+- **Obligation Registry (BoE)**: Separate command trees for electronic Bill of Exchange on-chain flows — `obligation-registry` (deploy/mint) and `obligation-escrow` (accept/reject/discharge, transfers, return). Use `trustvc verify` for both ETR and BoE documents (ObligationRecords vs TransferableRecords is auto-detected). Do not use classic `token-registry` / `title-escrow` for obligation documents. See [Obligation Registry user guide](#obligation-registry-user-guide).
+
+
 
 ## Commands
 
+
+
 ### Available Commands
 
-| Category            | Command                                                                      | Description                                                |
-| ------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
-| **W3C Credentials** | [`key-pair-generation`](#key-pair-generation)                                | Generate cryptographic key pairs (ECDSA-SD-2023, BBS-2023) |
-|                     | [`did-web`](#did-web)                                                        | Create did:web identifiers from key pairs                  |
-|                     | [`w3c-sign`](#w3c-sign)                                                      | Sign W3C verifiable credentials                            |
-|                     | [`verify`](#verify)                                                          | Verify W3C verifiable credentials                          |
-|                     | [`credential-status-create`](#credential-status-create)                      | Create credential status lists                             |
-|                     | [`credential-status-update`](#credential-status-update)                      | Update credential status (revoke/suspend)                  |
-| **OpenAttestation** | [`oa-sign`](#oa-sign)                                                        | Sign OpenAttestation v2/v3 documents                       |
-|                     | [`verify`](#verify)                                                          | Verify OpenAttestation documents                           |
-|                     | [`oa-wrap`](#oa-wrap)                                                        | Wrap OpenAttestation documents                             |
-|                     | [`oa-unwrap`](#oa-unwrap)                                                    | Unwrap OpenAttestation documents                           |
-|                     | [`oa-encrypt`](#oa-encrypt)                                                  | Encrypt an OA document for safe sharing and storage        |
-|                     | [`oa-decrypt`](#oa-decrypt)                                                  | Decrypt an OA document encrypted with oa-encrypt           |
-| **Token Registry**  | [`mint`](#mint)                                                              | Mint tokens to blockchain registries                       |
-|                     | [`token-registry deploy`](#token-registry-deploy)                            | Deploy token registry contracts                            |
-|                     | [`mint`](#mint)                                                              | Mint tokens to blockchain registries                       |
-|                     | `token-registry mint`                                                        | Alternative: `mint`                                        |
-| **Document Store**  | [`document-store deploy`](#document-store-deploy)                            | Deploy document store contracts                            |
-|                     | [`document-store issue`](#document-store-issue)                              | Issue document hashes                                      |
-|                     | [`document-store revoke`](#document-store-revoke)                            | Revoke document hashes                                     |
-|                     | [`document-store grant-role`](#document-store-grant-role)                    | Grant roles to accounts                                    |
-|                     | [`document-store revoke-role`](#document-store-revoke-role)                  | Revoke roles from accounts                                 |
-|                     | [`document-store transfer-ownership`](#document-store-transfer-ownership)    | Transfer document store ownership                          |
-| **Transaction**     | [`transaction cancel`](#transaction-cancel)                                  | Cancel a pending transaction                              |
-| **Wallet**          | [`wallet create`](#wallet-create)                                            | Create a new encrypted wallet file                         |
-|                     | [`wallet encrypt`](#wallet-encrypt)                                          | Encrypt a wallet using a private key                       |
-|                     | [`wallet decrypt`](#wallet-decrypt)                                          | Decrypt an encrypted wallet file                           |
-| **Title Escrow**    | [`transfer-holder`](#title-escrow-transfer-holder)                           | Transfer document holder                                   |
-|                     | `title-escrow transfer-holder`                                               | Alternative: `transfer-holder`                             |
-|                     | [`nominate-transfer-owner`](#title-escrow-nominate-transfer-owner)           | Nominate new beneficiary                                   |
-|                     | `title-escrow nominate-transfer-owner`                                       | Alternative: `nominate-transfer-owner`                     |
-|                     | [`endorse-transfer-owner`](#title-escrow-endorse-transfer-owner)             | Endorse beneficiary change                                 |
-|                     | `title-escrow endorse-transfer-owner`                                        | Alternative: `endorse-transfer-owner`                      |
-|                     | [`transfer-owner-holder`](#title-escrow-transfer-owner-holder)               | Endorse full ownership transfer                            |
-|                     | `title-escrow transfer-owner-holder`                                         | Alternative: `transfer-owner-holder`                       |
-|                     | [`return-to-issuer`](#title-escrow-return-to-issuer)                         | Return document to issuer                                  |
-|                     | `title-escrow return-to-issuer`                                              | Alternative: `return-to-issuer`                            |
-|                     | [`accept-return-to-issuer`](#title-escrow-accept-return-to-issuer)           | Accept returned document                                   |
-|                     | `title-escrow accept-return-to-issuer`                                       | Alternative: `accept-return-to-issuer`                     |
-|                     | [`reject-return-to-issuer`](#title-escrow-reject-return-to-issuer)           | Reject returned document                                   |
-|                     | `title-escrow reject-return-to-issuer`                                       | Alternative: `reject-return-to-issuer`                     |
-|                     | [`reject-transfer-holder`](#title-escrow-reject-transfer-holder)             | Reject holder transfer                                     |
-|                     | `title-escrow reject-transfer-holder`                                        | Alternative: `reject-transfer-holder`                      |
-|                     | [`reject-transfer-owner`](#title-escrow-reject-transfer-owner)               | Reject owner transfer                                      |
-|                     | [`reject-transfer-owner-holder`](#title-escrow-reject-transfer-owner-holder) | Reject full transfer                                       |
-|                     | `title-escrow reject-transfer-owner-holder`                                  | Alternative: `reject-transfer-owner-holder`                |
+
+| Category             | Command                                                                      | Description                                                |
+| -------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
+| **W3C Credentials**  | `[key-pair-generation](#key-pair-generation)`                                | Generate cryptographic key pairs (ECDSA-SD-2023, BBS-2023) |
+|                      | `[did-web](#did-web)`                                                        | Create did:web identifiers from key pairs                  |
+|                      | `[w3c-sign](#w3c-sign)`                                                      | Sign W3C verifiable credentials                            |
+|                      | `[verify](#verify)`                                                          | Verify W3C verifiable credentials                          |
+|                      | `[credential-status-create](#credential-status-create)`                      | Create credential status lists                             |
+|                      | `[credential-status-update](#credential-status-update)`                      | Update credential status (revoke/suspend)                  |
+| **OpenAttestation**  | `[oa-sign](#oa-sign)`                                                        | Sign OpenAttestation v2/v3 documents                       |
+|                      | `[verify](#verify)`                                                          | Verify OpenAttestation documents                           |
+|                      | `[oa-wrap](#oa-wrap)`                                                        | Wrap OpenAttestation documents                             |
+|                      | `[oa-unwrap](#oa-unwrap)`                                                    | Unwrap OpenAttestation documents                           |
+|                      | `[oa-encrypt](#oa-encrypt)`                                                  | Encrypt an OA document for safe sharing and storage        |
+|                      | `[oa-decrypt](#oa-decrypt)`                                                  | Decrypt an OA document encrypted with oa-encrypt           |
+| **Token Registry**   | `[mint](#mint)`                                                              | Mint tokens to blockchain registries                       |
+|                      | `[token-registry deploy](#token-registry-deploy)`                            | Deploy token registry contracts                            |
+|                      | `[mint](#mint)`                                                              | Mint tokens to blockchain registries                       |
+|                      | `token-registry mint`                                                        | Alternative: `mint`                                        |
+| **Document Store**   | `[document-store deploy](#document-store-deploy)`                            | Deploy document store contracts                            |
+|                      | `[document-store issue](#document-store-issue)`                              | Issue document hashes                                      |
+|                      | `[document-store revoke](#document-store-revoke)`                            | Revoke document hashes                                     |
+|                      | `[document-store grant-role](#document-store-grant-role)`                    | Grant roles to accounts                                    |
+|                      | `[document-store revoke-role](#document-store-revoke-role)`                  | Revoke roles from accounts                                 |
+|                      | `[document-store transfer-ownership](#document-store-transfer-ownership)`    | Transfer document store ownership                          |
+| **Transaction**      | `[transaction cancel](#transaction-cancel)`                                  | Cancel a pending transaction                               |
+| **Wallet**           | `[wallet create](#wallet-create)`                                            | Create a new encrypted wallet file                         |
+|                      | `[wallet encrypt](#wallet-encrypt)`                                          | Encrypt a wallet using a private key                       |
+|                      | `[wallet decrypt](#wallet-decrypt)`                                          | Decrypt an encrypted wallet file                           |
+| **Title Escrow**     | `[transfer-holder](#title-escrow-transfer-holder)`                           | Transfer document holder                                   |
+|                      | `title-escrow transfer-holder`                                               | Alternative: `transfer-holder`                             |
+|                      | `[nominate-transfer-owner](#title-escrow-nominate-transfer-owner)`           | Nominate new beneficiary                                   |
+|                      | `title-escrow nominate-transfer-owner`                                       | Alternative: `nominate-transfer-owner`                     |
+|                      | `[endorse-transfer-owner](#title-escrow-endorse-transfer-owner)`             | Endorse beneficiary change                                 |
+|                      | `title-escrow endorse-transfer-owner`                                        | Alternative: `endorse-transfer-owner`                      |
+|                      | `[transfer-owner-holder](#title-escrow-transfer-owner-holder)`               | Endorse full ownership transfer                            |
+|                      | `title-escrow transfer-owner-holder`                                         | Alternative: `transfer-owner-holder`                       |
+|                      | `[return-to-issuer](#title-escrow-return-to-issuer)`                         | Return document to issuer                                  |
+|                      | `title-escrow return-to-issuer`                                              | Alternative: `return-to-issuer`                            |
+|                      | `[accept-return-to-issuer](#title-escrow-accept-return-to-issuer)`           | Accept returned document                                   |
+|                      | `title-escrow accept-return-to-issuer`                                       | Alternative: `accept-return-to-issuer`                     |
+|                      | `[reject-return-to-issuer](#title-escrow-reject-return-to-issuer)`           | Reject returned document                                   |
+|                      | `title-escrow reject-return-to-issuer`                                       | Alternative: `reject-return-to-issuer`                     |
+|                      | `[reject-transfer-holder](#title-escrow-reject-transfer-holder)`             | Reject holder transfer                                     |
+|                      | `title-escrow reject-transfer-holder`                                        | Alternative: `reject-transfer-holder`                      |
+|                      | `[reject-transfer-owner](#title-escrow-reject-transfer-owner)`               | Reject owner transfer                                      |
+|                      | `[reject-transfer-owner-holder](#title-escrow-reject-transfer-owner-holder)` | Reject full transfer                                       |
+|                      | `title-escrow reject-transfer-owner-holder`                                  | Alternative: `reject-transfer-owner-holder`                |
+| **Obligation / BoE** | `[obligation-registry deploy](#obligation-registry-deploy)`                  | Deploy Obligation Registry                                 |
+|                      | `[obligation-registry mint](#obligation-registry-mint)`                      | Mint BoE token to obligationRegistry                       |
+|                      | `[obligation-escrow accept](#obligation-escrow-accept)`                      | Accept obligation                                          |
+|                      | `[obligation-escrow reject](#obligation-escrow-reject)`                      | Reject obligation                                          |
+|                      | `[obligation-escrow discharge](#obligation-escrow-discharge)`                | Discharge obligation                                       |
+|                      | `[obligation-escrow status](#obligation-escrow-status)`                      | Read obligation / escrow status                            |
+|                      | `[obligation-escrow transfer-holder](#obligation-escrow-transfer-holder)`    | Transfer BoE holder                                        |
+|                      | `obligation-escrow nominate-transfer-owner`                                  | Nominate BoE beneficiary                                   |
+|                      | `obligation-escrow endorse-transfer-owner`                                   | Endorse BoE beneficiary change                             |
+|                      | `obligation-escrow transfer-owner-holder`                                    | Endorse full BoE ownership transfer                        |
+|                      | `obligation-escrow return-to-issuer`                                         | Return BoE to issuer                                       |
+|                      | `obligation-escrow accept-return-to-issuer`                                  | Accept returned BoE                                        |
+|                      | `obligation-escrow reject-return-to-issuer`                                  | Reject returned BoE                                        |
+|                      | `obligation-escrow reject-transfer-*`                                        | Reject BoE transfer requests                               |
+
+
+
 
 ---
 
+
+
 ### Wallet/Private Key Options
 
-All title-escrow, token registry, document-store, and transaction commands require a wallet or private key to sign transactions. You can provide your private key in one of the following ways:
+All title-escrow, obligation-registry, obligation-escrow, token registry, document-store, and transaction commands require a wallet or private key to sign transactions. You can provide your private key in one of the following ways:
 
 **Select wallet/private key option:**
 
@@ -291,10 +371,13 @@ All title-escrow, token registry, document-store, and transaction commands requi
 
 ---
 
+
+
 ### Detailed Command Reference
 
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="transaction-cancel">transaction cancel</h4></summary>
+
+
+#### transaction cancel
 
 Cancels a pending transaction by replacing it with a 0-value transaction to yourself using the same nonce and a higher gas price (replace-by-fee). This action is irreversible.
 
@@ -307,11 +390,9 @@ trustvc transaction cancel
 You will be prompted for:
 
 1. **How to specify the pending transaction**
-   - **By transaction hash (recommended)** – Enter the pending transaction hash (0x...). Nonce and gas price are fetched from the network and the gas price is increased by 100% for the replacement.
-   - **By nonce and gas price** – Enter the pending transaction nonce and a higher gas price (wei) for the replacement. Use this when the pending transaction uses EIP-1559 (no legacy `gasPrice`) or when you prefer to set the replacement gas manually.
-
+  - **By transaction hash (recommended)** – Enter the pending transaction hash (0x...). Nonce and gas price are fetched from the network and the gas price is increased by 100% for the replacement.
+  - **By nonce and gas price** – Enter the pending transaction nonce and a higher gas price (wei) for the replacement. Use this when the pending transaction uses EIP-1559 (no legacy `gasPrice`) or when you prefer to set the replacement gas manually.
 2. **Network** – Select the network (e.g. Sepolia, Mainnet).
-
 3. **Wallet / private key** – Choose encrypted wallet file, environment variable (OA_PRIVATE_KEY), key file, or enter the private key.
 
 **With options (non-interactive):**
@@ -343,10 +424,7 @@ trustvc transaction cancel \
 
 **Note:** If the pending transaction uses EIP-1559 (maxFeePerGas / maxPriorityFeePerGas), it has no legacy `gasPrice`. In that case, specify the transaction by **nonce and gas price** and set a gas price (in wei) for the replacement.
 
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="key-pair-generation">key-pair-generation</h4></summary>
+#### key-pair-generation
 
 Generates cryptographic key pairs for modern cryptosuites (ECDSA-SD-2023, BBS-2023).
 
@@ -370,10 +448,9 @@ Creates `keypair.json` containing:
 - `secretKeyMultibase`: Secret key in multibase format
 - `seedBase58`: Seed (if provided for BBS-2023)
 
-</details>
 
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="did-web">did-web</h4></summary>
+
+#### did-web
 
 Generates a did:web identifier from an existing key pair.
 
@@ -395,10 +472,9 @@ trustvc did-web
 - `wellknown.json`: DID document for hosting at `/.well-known/did.json`
 - `didKeyPairs.json`: Key pair information with DID references
 
-</details>
 
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="w3c-sign">w3c-sign</h4></summary>
+
+#### w3c-sign
 
 Signs a W3C verifiable credential using a did:web identifier.
 
@@ -418,12 +494,11 @@ trustvc w3c-sign
 **Output:**
 Creates `signed_vc.json` with cryptographic proof.
 
-</details>
+#### verify
 
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="verify">verify</h4></summary>
+Verifies a W3C or OA document using the unified TrustVC verification pipeline.
 
-Verifies a W3C or OA document using respective verification methods.
+Works for **classic ETR** (`tokenRegistry` → TransferableRecords fragment) and **BoE** (`obligationRegistry` → ObligationRecords fragment). When the document is an obligation record, the CLI also prints enriched on-chain status when available.
 
 **Usage:**
 
@@ -437,18 +512,17 @@ trustvc verify
 - [If network required but no network detected]: Select network
 
 **Output:**
-Verifies the document integrity, status, and issuer identity.
+Verifies document integrity, status, and issuer identity. For BoE documents, logs obligation registry status when the ObligationRecords fragment is VALID.
 
 **Supported Formats:**
 
-- W3C Verifiable Credential
+- W3C Verifiable Credential (ETR, BoE, revocable VDs)
 - OpenAttestation v2
 - OpenAttestation v3
 
-</details>
 
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="credential-status-create">credential-status-create</h4></summary>
+
+#### credential-status-create
 
 Creates a new W3C credential status list for managing revocation.
 
@@ -469,10 +543,7 @@ trustvc credential-status-create
 **Output:**
 Signed credential status list file.
 
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="credential-status-update">credential-status-update</h4></summary>
+#### credential-status-update
 
 Updates an existing W3C credential status list to revoke or suspend credentials.
 
@@ -492,10 +563,7 @@ trustvc credential-status-update
 **Output:**
 Updated credential status list file.
 
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="oa-sign">oa-sign</h4></summary>
+#### oa-sign
 
 Signs OpenAttestation v2 or v3 documents with a private key.
 
@@ -523,10 +591,9 @@ Signed OpenAttestation documents in the specified directory.
 - OpenAttestation v2
 - OpenAttestation v3
 
-</details>
 
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="oa-wrap">oa-wrap</h4></summary>
+
+#### oa-wrap
 
 Wraps OpenAttestation v2 or v3 documents
 
@@ -550,10 +617,9 @@ Wrapped OpenAttestation document(s) in the specified directory.
 - OpenAttestation v2
 - OpenAttestation v3
 
-</details>
 
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="oa-unwrap">oa-unwrap</h4></summary>
+
+#### oa-unwrap
 
 Unwraps OpenAttestation v2 or v3 documents
 
@@ -576,10 +642,9 @@ Unwrapped OpenAttestation document(s) in the specified directory.
 - OpenAttestation v2
 - OpenAttestation v3
 
-</details>
 
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="oa-encrypt">oa-encrypt</h4></summary>
+
+#### oa-encrypt
 
 Encrypts an Open Attestation document for safe sharing and storage. You will be prompted for an encryption key — remember it to decrypt later.
 
@@ -604,10 +669,9 @@ Writes an encrypted document file containing `type: "encrypted-document"` and a
 - OpenAttestation v2 (raw or wrapped)
 - OpenAttestation v3 (raw or wrapped)
 
-</details>
 
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="oa-decrypt">oa-decrypt</h4></summary>
+
+#### oa-decrypt
 
 Decrypts an Open Attestation document that was encrypted using `oa-encrypt`. You will be prompted for the decryption key.
 
@@ -627,10 +691,7 @@ trustvc oa-decrypt
 
 Writes the decrypted Open Attestation document (raw OA v2/v3 or wrapped OA v2/v3) to the specified path. Fails if the key is wrong or the file is not a valid encrypted OA document.
 
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="mint">mint</h4></summary>
+#### mint
 
 Mints a document hash (tokenId) to a token registry smart contract.
 
@@ -643,7 +704,7 @@ trustvc mint
 **Interactive Prompts:**
 
 - Path to TT/JSON document file (or manual input)
-  - _Network, token registry address, token ID, and document ID are extracted from the document_
+  - *Network, token registry address, token ID, and document ID are extracted from the document*
 - Beneficiary address (initial recipient)
 - Holder address (initial holder)
 - Wallet/private key option
@@ -660,10 +721,9 @@ Transaction receipt with hash, block number, gas used, and explorer link.
 - Stability (Mainnet, Testnet)
 - Astron (Mainnet, Testnet)
 
-</details>
 
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="token-registry-deploy">token-registry deploy</h4></summary>
+
+#### token-registry deploy
 
 Deploys a token registry contract on the blockchain.
 
@@ -692,10 +752,9 @@ Transaction receipt with deployed contract address, hash, block number, gas used
 - Stability (Mainnet, Testnet)
 - Astron (Mainnet, Testnet)
 
-</details>
 
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="token-registry-mint">token-registry mint</h4></summary>
+
+#### token-registry mint
 
 Alternative command for minting tokens. Functionally identical to `mint`.
 
@@ -709,10 +768,9 @@ trustvc mint
 trustvc token-registry mint
 ```
 
-</details>
 
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="document-store-deploy">document-store deploy</h4></summary>
+
+#### document-store deploy
 
 Deploys a document store contract on the blockchain.
 
@@ -740,10 +798,9 @@ Transaction receipt with contract address, hash, block number, gas used, and exp
 - Stability (Mainnet, Testnet)
 - Astron (Mainnet, Testnet)
 
-</details>
 
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="document-store-issue">document-store issue</h4></summary>
+
+#### document-store issue
 
 Issues a document hash to a deployed document store.
 
@@ -761,10 +818,7 @@ trustvc document-store issue
 **Output:**
 Transaction receipt confirming the hash issuance.
 
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="document-store-revoke">document-store revoke</h4></summary>
+#### document-store revoke
 
 Revokes a document hash from a deployed document store.
 
@@ -782,10 +836,7 @@ trustvc document-store revoke
 **Output:**
 Transaction receipt confirming the hash revocation.
 
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="document-store-grant-role">document-store grant-role</h4></summary>
+#### document-store grant-role
 
 Grants a role (ISSUER_ROLE, REVOKER_ROLE, or DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE) to an account in a deployed document store.
 
@@ -814,10 +865,9 @@ Transaction receipt with hash, block number, gas used, and explorer link.
 - Stability (Mainnet, Testnet)
 - Astron (Mainnet, Testnet)
 
-</details>
 
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="document-store-revoke-role">document-store revoke-role</h4></summary>
+
+#### document-store revoke-role
 
 Revokes a role (ISSUER_ROLE, REVOKER_ROLE, or DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE) from an account in a deployed document store.
 
@@ -846,10 +896,9 @@ Transaction receipt with hash, block number, gas used, and explorer link.
 - Stability (Mainnet, Testnet)
 - Astron (Mainnet, Testnet)
 
-</details>
 
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="document-store-transfer-ownership">document-store transfer-ownership</h4></summary>
+
+#### document-store transfer-ownership
 
 Transfers ownership of a document store contract to a new owner. This grants DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE to the new owner and revokes it from the current owner.
 
@@ -876,10 +925,9 @@ Transaction receipts for both grant and revoke operations with hashes, block num
 - Stability (Mainnet, Testnet)
 - Astron (Mainnet, Testnet)
 
-</details>
 
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="wallet-create">wallet create</h4></summary>
+
+#### wallet create
 
 Creates a new encrypted wallet file with a randomly generated private key.
 
@@ -924,10 +972,9 @@ Creates `wallet.json` containing the encrypted wallet in the specified directory
 ⚠ IMPORTANT: If you lose your password, you will not be able to recover your wallet!
 ```
 
-</details>
 
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="wallet-encrypt">wallet encrypt</h4></summary>
+
+#### wallet encrypt
 
 Encrypts an existing private key into a secure wallet file.
 
@@ -978,10 +1025,9 @@ Creates `wallet.json` containing the encrypted wallet in the specified directory
 ⚠ IMPORTANT: If you lose your password, you will not be able to recover your wallet!
 ```
 
-</details>
 
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="wallet-decrypt">wallet decrypt</h4></summary>
+
+#### wallet decrypt
 
 Decrypts an encrypted wallet file and displays the private key and mnemonic phrase.
 
@@ -1035,10 +1081,9 @@ Displays the decrypted wallet information:
 ⚠ IMPORTANT: Store this information securely and delete it from your terminal history!
 ```
 
-</details>
 
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="title-escrow-transfer-holder">title-escrow transfer-holder</h4></summary>
+
+#### title-escrow transfer-holder
 
 Transfers the holder of a transferable record to a new address.
 
@@ -1058,7 +1103,7 @@ trustvc title-escrow transfer-holder
 **Interactive Prompts:**
 
 - Path to TT/JSON document file (or manual input)
-  - _Network, token registry address, token ID, and document ID are extracted from the document_
+  - *Network, token registry address, token ID, and document ID are extracted from the document*
 - New holder address
 - Wallet/private key option
 - Remark (optional, V5 registries only - will be encrypted with document ID as encryption key)
@@ -1066,10 +1111,7 @@ trustvc title-escrow transfer-holder
 **Output:**
 Transaction receipt confirming holder transfer.
 
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="title-escrow-nominate-transfer-owner">title-escrow nominate-transfer-owner</h4></summary>
+#### title-escrow nominate-transfer-owner
 
 Nominates a new beneficiary (owner) for the transferable record.
 
@@ -1089,7 +1131,7 @@ trustvc title-escrow nominate-transfer-owner
 **Interactive Prompts:**
 
 - Path to TT/JSON document file (or manual input)
-  - _Network, token registry address, token ID, and document ID are extracted from the document_
+  - *Network, token registry address, token ID, and document ID are extracted from the document*
 - New beneficiary address
 - Wallet/private key option
 - Remark (optional, V5 registries only - will be encrypted with document ID as encryption key)
@@ -1097,10 +1139,7 @@ trustvc title-escrow nominate-transfer-owner
 **Output:**
 Transaction receipt confirming beneficiary nomination.
 
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="title-escrow-endorse-transfer-owner">title-escrow endorse-transfer-owner</h4></summary>
+#### title-escrow endorse-transfer-owner
 
 Endorses the change of beneficiary (owner) for the transferable record.
 
@@ -1120,7 +1159,7 @@ trustvc title-escrow endorse-transfer-owner
 **Interactive Prompts:**
 
 - Path to TT/JSON document file (or manual input)
-  - _Network, token registry address, token ID, and document ID are extracted from the document_
+  - *Network, token registry address, token ID, and document ID are extracted from the document*
 - New beneficiary address
 - Wallet/private key option
 - Remark (optional, V5 registries only - will be encrypted with document ID as encryption key)
@@ -1128,10 +1167,7 @@ trustvc title-escrow endorse-transfer-owner
 **Output:**
 Transaction receipt confirming beneficiary endorsement.
 
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="title-escrow-transfer-owner-holder">title-escrow transfer-owner-holder</h4></summary>
+#### title-escrow transfer-owner-holder
 
 Endorses the transfer of both beneficiary and holder to new addresses.
 
@@ -1151,7 +1187,7 @@ trustvc title-escrow transfer-owner-holder
 **Interactive Prompts:**
 
 - Path to TT/JSON document file (or manual input)
-  - _Network, token registry address, token ID, and document ID are extracted from the document_
+  - *Network, token registry address, token ID, and document ID are extracted from the document*
 - New beneficiary address
 - New holder address
 - Wallet/private key option
@@ -1160,10 +1196,7 @@ trustvc title-escrow transfer-owner-holder
 **Output:**
 Transaction receipt confirming full ownership transfer.
 
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="title-escrow-return-to-issuer">title-escrow return-to-issuer</h4></summary>
+#### title-escrow return-to-issuer
 
 Returns the transferable record to the issuer.
 
@@ -1183,17 +1216,14 @@ trustvc title-escrow return-to-issuer
 **Interactive Prompts:**
 
 - Path to TT/JSON document file (or manual input)
-  - _Network, token registry address, token ID, and document ID are extracted from the document_
+  - *Network, token registry address, token ID, and document ID are extracted from the document*
 - Wallet/private key option
 - Remark (optional, V5 registries only - will be encrypted with document ID as encryption key)
 
 **Output:**
 Transaction receipt confirming document return.
 
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="title-escrow-accept-return-to-issuer">title-escrow accept-return-to-issuer</h4></summary>
+#### title-escrow accept-return-to-issuer
 
 Accepts a returned transferable record (issuer action).
 
@@ -1213,17 +1243,14 @@ trustvc title-escrow accept-return-to-issuer
 **Interactive Prompts:**
 
 - Path to TT/JSON document file (or manual input)
-  - _Network, token registry address, token ID, and document ID are extracted from the document_
+  - *Network, token registry address, token ID, and document ID are extracted from the document*
 - Wallet/private key option
 - Remark (optional, V5 registries only - will be encrypted with document ID as encryption key)
 
 **Output:**
 Transaction receipt confirming acceptance.
 
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="title-escrow-reject-return-to-issuer">title-escrow reject-return-to-issuer</h4></summary>
+#### title-escrow reject-return-to-issuer
 
 Rejects a returned transferable record (issuer action).
 
@@ -1243,17 +1270,14 @@ trustvc title-escrow reject-return-to-issuer
 **Interactive Prompts:**
 
 - Path to TT/JSON document file (or manual input)
-  - _Network, token registry address, token ID, and document ID are extracted from the document_
+  - *Network, token registry address, token ID, and document ID are extracted from the document*
 - Wallet/private key option
 - Remark (optional, V5 registries only - will be encrypted with document ID as encryption key)
 
 **Output:**
 Transaction receipt confirming rejection.
 
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="title-escrow-reject-transfer-holder">title-escrow reject-transfer-holder</h4></summary>
+#### title-escrow reject-transfer-holder
 
 Rejects a holder transfer request.
 
@@ -1273,17 +1297,14 @@ trustvc title-escrow reject-transfer-holder
 **Interactive Prompts:**
 
 - Path to TT/JSON document file (or manual input)
-  - _Network, token registry address, token ID, and document ID are extracted from the document_
+  - *Network, token registry address, token ID, and document ID are extracted from the document*
 - Wallet/private key option
 - Remark (optional, V5 registries only - will be encrypted with document ID as encryption key)
 
 **Output:**
 Transaction receipt confirming rejection.
 
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="title-escrow-reject-transfer-owner">title-escrow reject-transfer-owner</h4></summary>
+#### title-escrow reject-transfer-owner
 
 Rejects a beneficiary transfer request.
 
@@ -1303,17 +1324,14 @@ trustvc title-escrow reject-transfer-owner
 **Interactive Prompts:**
 
 - Path to TT/JSON document file (or manual input)
-  - _Network, token registry address, token ID, and document ID are extracted from the document_
+  - *Network, token registry address, token ID, and document ID are extracted from the document*
 - Wallet/private key option
 - Remark (optional, V5 registries only - will be encrypted with document ID as encryption key)
 
 **Output:**
 Transaction receipt confirming rejection.
 
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary><h4 id="title-escrow-reject-transfer-owner-holder">title-escrow reject-transfer-owner-holder</h4></summary>
+#### title-escrow reject-transfer-owner-holder
 
 Rejects a full ownership transfer (both beneficiary and holder).
 
@@ -1333,17 +1351,234 @@ trustvc title-escrow reject-transfer-owner-holder
 **Interactive Prompts:**
 
 - Path to TT/JSON document file (or manual input)
-  - _Network, token registry address, token ID, and document ID are extracted from the document_
+  - *Network, token registry address, token ID, and document ID are extracted from the document*
 - Wallet/private key option
 - Remark (optional, V5 registries only - will be encrypted with document ID as encryption key)
 
 **Output:**
 Transaction receipt confirming rejection.
 
-</details>
+#### obligation-registry deploy
+
+Deploys an Obligation Registry (`TrustVCToken` + `ObligationEscrowFactory`) for electronic Bill of Exchange (BoE) flows.
+
+**Do not use** `token-registry deploy` for BoE documents.
+
+**Usage:**
+
+```sh
+trustvc obligation-registry deploy
+```
+
+**Interactive Prompts:**
+
+- Network selection
+- Registry name and symbol
+- Optionally reuse an existing ObligationEscrowFactory address
+- Wallet/private key option
+- Dry-run confirmation before broadcasting
+
+**Output:**
+Deployed `ObligationEscrowFactory` and Obligation Registry addresses plus transaction receipt. Copy the Obligation Registry address into `credentialStatus.obligationRegistry` in your BoE document before signing and minting.
+
+#### obligation-registry mint
+
+Mints a BoE tokenId to an Obligation Registry and creates the linked ObligationEscrow.
+
+**Do not use** classic `mint` / `token-registry mint` for BoE documents.
+
+**Before minting:** set `credentialStatus.obligationRegistry` to your deployed registry address, then sign the document with `[w3c-sign](#w3c-sign)`. Mint only accepts a signed Verifiable Credential.
+
+**Usage:**
+
+```sh
+trustvc w3c-sign
+trustvc obligation-registry mint
+```
+
+**Interactive Prompts:**
+
+- Path to signed BoE / obligation document (output of `w3c-sign`)
+  - *Network, obligationRegistry address, token ID, and document ID are extracted from the document*
+- Holder and beneficiary (drawer/drawee) addresses as required
+- Wallet/private key option
+- Dry-run confirmation before broadcasting
+
+**Output:**
+Transaction receipt confirming mint.
+
+#### obligation-escrow accept
+
+Accepts an obligation on the ObligationEscrow (drawee acceptance).
+
+**Usage:**
+
+```sh
+trustvc obligation-escrow accept
+```
+
+**Interactive Prompts:**
+
+- Path to BoE / obligation document
+  - *Network, obligationRegistry, token ID, and document ID are extracted from the document*
+- Wallet/private key option
+- Remark (optional)
+
+**Output:**
+Transaction receipt confirming acceptance.
+
+#### obligation-escrow reject
+
+Rejects an issued BoE obligation (Issued → Rejected). Burns the title (takes it out of circulation).
+
+**Usage:**
+
+```sh
+trustvc obligation-escrow reject
+```
+
+**Interactive Prompts:**
+
+- Path to BoE / obligation document
+- Wallet/private key option
+- Remark (optional)
+
+**Output:**
+Transaction receipt confirming rejection (and burn).
+
+#### obligation-escrow discharge
+
+Discharges an accepted BoE obligation (Accepted → Discharged). Burns the title.
+
+**Usage:**
+
+```sh
+trustvc obligation-escrow discharge
+```
+
+**Interactive Prompts:**
+
+- Path to BoE / obligation document
+- Wallet/private key option
+- Remark (optional)
+
+**Output:**
+Transaction receipt confirming discharge (and burn).
+
+#### obligation-escrow status
+
+Reads on-chain obligation / escrow status for a BoE document. The CLI still prompts for a wallet or private key (same base inputs as other `obligation-escrow` commands) so it can attach a network provider via `getWalletOrSigner`.
+
+**Usage:**
+
+```sh
+trustvc obligation-escrow status
+```
+
+**Interactive Prompts:**
+
+- Path to BoE / obligation document
+- Wallet/private key option
+- Remark (optional)
+- *Network, obligationRegistry, and token ID are extracted from the document*
+
+**Output:**
+Obligation and escrow status fields from the chain.
+
+#### obligation-escrow transfer-holder
+
+Transfers the holder of a BoE obligation record. Nominate, endorse, transfer-owner-holder, and reject-transfer variants mirror `title-escrow` but operate on ObligationEscrow via `obligation-escrow <method>`.
+
+**Usage:**
+
+```sh
+trustvc obligation-escrow transfer-holder
+# Also:
+#   nominate-transfer-owner, endorse-transfer-owner, transfer-owner-holder
+#   reject-transfer-holder, reject-transfer-owner, reject-transfer-owner-holder
+```
+
+**Interactive Prompts:**
+
+- Path to BoE / obligation document
+- New address(es) where applicable
+- Wallet/private key option
+- Remark (optional)
+
+**Output:**
+Transaction receipt confirming the escrow action.
+
+#### obligation-escrow return-to-issuer
+
+Returns the BoE obligation to the issuer. Same rules as classic ETR: the connected wallet must be both the current beneficiary (owner) and the current holder.
+
+**Who Can Execute:**
+Both the **current holder** and **current beneficiary (owner)** must execute this together, or the entity that holds both roles.
+
+**Usage:**
+
+```sh
+trustvc obligation-escrow return-to-issuer
+```
+
+**Interactive Prompts:**
+
+- Path to BoE / obligation document
+  - *Network, obligationRegistry, token ID, and document ID are extracted from the document*
+- Wallet/private key option
+- Remark (optional)
+
+**Output:**
+Transaction receipt confirming return to issuer.
+
+#### obligation-escrow accept-return-to-issuer
+
+Accepts a returned BoE (issuer burn / shred).
+
+**Who Can Execute:**
+Only the **issuer** (wallet with accepter role on the obligation registry).
+
+**Usage:**
+
+```sh
+trustvc obligation-escrow accept-return-to-issuer
+```
+
+**Interactive Prompts:**
+
+- Path to BoE / obligation document
+- Wallet/private key option
+- Remark (optional)
+
+**Output:**
+Transaction receipt confirming acceptance (burn).
+
+#### obligation-escrow reject-return-to-issuer
+
+Rejects a returned BoE and restores it to escrow (issuer restore).
+
+**Who Can Execute:**
+Only the **issuer** (wallet with restorer role on the obligation registry).
+
+**Usage:**
+
+```sh
+trustvc obligation-escrow reject-return-to-issuer
+```
+
+**Interactive Prompts:**
+
+- Path to BoE / obligation document
+- Wallet/private key option
+- Remark (optional)
+
+**Output:**
+Transaction receipt confirming rejection (restore).
 
 ## Configuration
 
+
+
 ### Custom RPC Endpoints
 
 You can override the default RPC endpoints for any network by setting environment variables. The format is `{NETWORK_NAME}_RPC`.
@@ -1381,6 +1616,8 @@ If no environment variable is set, the CLI will use the default RPC endpoint for
 
 ## Development
 
+
+
 ### Setup
 
 ```sh
@@ -1397,6 +1634,8 @@ npm link
 npm test
 ```
 
+
+
 ### Project Structure
 
 ```
@@ -1428,6 +1667,24 @@ src/commands/
 │   ├── reject-transfer-holder.ts    # Reject holder transfer
 │   ├── reject-transfer-owner.ts     # Reject owner transfer
 │   └── reject-transfer-owner-holder.ts  # Reject full transfer
+├── obligation-registry/
+│   ├── deploy.ts                    # Deploy Obligation Registry
+│   └── mint.ts                      # Mint BoE token to obligationRegistry
+├── obligation-escrow/
+│   ├── accept.ts                    # Accept obligation
+│   ├── reject.ts                    # Reject obligation
+│   ├── discharge.ts                 # Discharge obligation
+│   ├── status.ts                    # Read obligation / escrow status
+│   ├── transfer-holder.ts           # Transfer BoE holder
+│   ├── nominate-transfer-owner.ts   # Nominate BoE beneficiary
+│   ├── endorse-transfer-owner.ts    # Endorse BoE beneficiary change
+│   ├── transfer-owner-holder.ts     # Endorse full BoE transfer
+│   ├── return-to-issuer.ts          # Return BoE to issuer
+│   ├── accept-return-to-issuer.ts   # Accept returned BoE
+│   ├── reject-return-to-issuer.ts   # Reject returned BoE
+│   ├── reject-transfer-holder.ts    # Reject BoE holder transfer
+│   ├── reject-transfer-owner.ts     # Reject BoE owner transfer
+│   └── reject-transfer-owner-holder.ts  # Reject full BoE transfer
 ├── transaction/
 │   └── cancel.ts                    # Cancel a pending transaction
 ├── wallet/
@@ -1444,6 +1701,125 @@ src/commands/
     └── verify.ts                    # Verify W3C or OA document
 ```
 
+
+
+## Obligation Registry user guide
+
+User guide for electronic Bill of Exchange (BoE) / obligation flows with `trustvc-cli`.
+
+Classic transferable records (eBL / Token Registry + Title Escrow) use different commands. This section covers **only** Obligation Registry.
+
+For library / SDK details, see the TrustVC README [§7c Obligation Registry (BoE)](https://github.com/TrustVC/trustvc/blob/beta/README.md#c-obligation-registry-boe) (on the `beta` branch; not yet on `main`).
+
+SDK imports use the **root** package with the `*ObligationRegistry` suffix (no clash with classic ETR helpers):
+
+```ts
+import {
+  mintObligationRegistry,
+  acceptObligationRegistry,
+  DocumentBuilder,
+  verifyDocument,
+} from '@trustvc/trustvc';
+```
+
+Build BoE credentials with `DocumentBuilder.obligationCredentialStatus({ obligationRegistry, chain, chainId, rpcProviderUrl })` (credential status uses `type: 'TransferableRecords'` plus an `obligationRegistry` field — not `tokenRegistry`). On-chain minting is separate via `obligation-registry mint` / `mintObligationRegistry`.
+
+### Who this is for
+
+Operators and integrators who:
+
+- Deploy an Obligation Registry on a supported network
+- Mint a signed BoE credential on-chain
+- Accept, reject, discharge, transfer, or return the obligation
+- Verify a BoE document
+
+You do **not** need to call the TypeScript SDK directly — the CLI wraps it with interactive prompts.
+
+### Before you start
+
+1. **Install the CLI** — `npm install -g @trustvc/trustvc-cli` or `npx @trustvc/trustvc-cli <command>`
+2. **Node.js 22+**
+3. **A wallet** — encrypted wallet file (recommended), private key, or key file
+4. **A signed BoE document** — set `credentialStatus.obligationRegistry`, then sign with `trustvc w3c-sign` (not `tokenRegistry`)
+5. **Network access** — select network in prompts, or set a custom RPC (e.g. `export SEPOLIA_RPC=…`)
+
+
+
+### Classic vs Obligation — pick the right commands
+
+
+| Task            | Classic ETR                    | Obligation / BoE             |
+| --------------- | ------------------------------ | ---------------------------- |
+| Deploy registry | `token-registry deploy`        | `obligation-registry deploy` |
+| Mint            | `mint` / `token-registry mint` | `obligation-registry mint`   |
+| Escrow actions  | `title-escrow …`               | `obligation-escrow …`        |
+| Verify          | `verify` (ETR and BoE)         | `verify` (same command)      |
+
+
+Using classic commands on a BoE document will fail or skip obligation checks. Using obligation commands on a classic eBL document will fail extraction (missing `obligationRegistry`).
+
+### Typical workflow
+
+```text
+1. Deploy Obligation Registry
+2. Put the registry address into your BoE credential status
+3. Sign the credential with `trustvc w3c-sign`
+4. Mint (issuer wallet)
+5. Accept or reject (holder) — or transfer / discharge / return as needed
+6. Verify with `trustvc verify`
+```
+
+Signing/building the VC can also be done with TrustVC library tools or your app (`DocumentBuilder` + `obligationRegistry`). With the CLI, use `w3c-sign` before minting.
+
+### Step-by-step
+
+**1. Deploy** — `trustvc obligation-registry deploy` (network, name/symbol, optional factory reuse, wallet, dry-run).
+
+**2. Sign** — put the deployed registry into `credentialStatus.obligationRegistry`, then run `trustvc w3c-sign` on the unsigned BoE JSON.
+
+**3. Mint** — `trustvc obligation-registry mint` with the signed BoE JSON from `w3c-sign` (registry, network, token ID, document ID are extracted).
+
+**4. Accept or reject (holder)** — `trustvc obligation-escrow accept` or `reject` while **beneficiary ≠ holder**. Accept moves Issued → Accepted. Reject moves Issued → Rejected and burns the title.
+
+**5. Status** — `trustvc obligation-escrow status` reads `Issued` / `Accepted` / `Rejected` / `Discharged`, registration, and termination reason.
+
+**6. Transfers (optional)** — `obligation-escrow transfer-holder`, nominate/endorse/reject-transfer variants mirror `title-escrow`.
+
+**7. Discharge (optional)** — `trustvc obligation-escrow discharge` by **beneficiary** after Accepted (sets Discharged and burns).
+
+**8. Return to issuer** — same as classic ETR: **beneficiary == holder**, then issuer runs `reject-return-to-issuer` (restore) or `accept-return-to-issuer` (burn). No Rejected/Discharged status requirement.
+
+**9. Verify** — `trustvc verify` (auto-detects BoE vs ETR).
+
+### Who can run what
+
+
+| Action                                                | Typical role                                               |
+| ----------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `obligation-registry deploy`                          | Deployer / issuer org                                      |
+| `obligation-registry mint`                            | Issuer (registry minter)                                   |
+| `obligation-escrow accept` / `reject`                 | Holder (roles split)                                       |
+| `obligation-escrow discharge`                         | Beneficiary                                                |
+| Transfer / nominate / endorse                         | Current holder or beneficiary per Title Escrow–style rules |
+| `return-to-issuer`                                    | Dual role (beneficiary == holder), same as ETR             |
+| `accept-return-to-issuer` / `reject-return-to-issuer` | Issuer                                                     |
+| `obligation-escrow status`                            | Anyone with the document + wallet/private key (read-only)  |
+| `verify`                                              | Anyone with the document (+ RPC when on-chain checks run)  |
+
+
+
+
+### What the CLI reads from your document
+
+For mint, escrow, and related flows, the CLI extracts:
+
+- Network
+- `obligationRegistry` address
+- Token ID
+- Document ID (remark encryption key when remarks are set)
+
+If extraction fails with a message about classic transferable records / `tokenRegistry`, you are using the wrong document type or command family.
+
 ## License
 
-Apache-2.0
+Apache-2.0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index 737cc65..29c40c5 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 {
   "name": "@trustvc/trustvc-cli",
-  "version": "1.0.1",
+  "version": "1.1.0",
   "lockfileVersion": 3,
   "requires": true,
   "packages": {
     "": {
       "name": "@trustvc/trustvc-cli",
-      "version": "1.0.1",
+      "version": "1.1.0",
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "dependencies": {
         "@inquirer/prompts": "^5.3.8",
-        "@trustvc/trustvc": "^2.14.1",
+        "@trustvc/trustvc": "2.15.0-beta.3",
         "@types/yargs": "^17.0.32",
         "chalk": "^4.1.2",
         "dotenv": "^16.0.0",
@@ -134,6 +134,16 @@
         "ethers": "^5.8.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@account-abstraction/contracts": {
+      "version": "0.8.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@account-abstraction/contracts/-/contracts-0.8.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-8krPx/gpnoT+5xAroagVCbeA7FbUigMZWXFKKPm+oghyr29Dksssdx5sI7xGv9212i4JPaDDUGFk58dpuwVgHA==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@openzeppelin/contracts": "^5.1.0",
+        "@uniswap/v3-periphery": "^1.4.3"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@actions/core": {
       "version": "3.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@actions/core/-/core-3.0.0.tgz",
@@ -972,6 +982,81 @@
         "node": ">=18"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@digitalbazaar/ecdsa-rdfc-2019-cryptosuite": {
+      "version": "1.3.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@digitalbazaar/ecdsa-rdfc-2019-cryptosuite/-/ecdsa-rdfc-2019-cryptosuite-1.3.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Rhg++GnGWHJ29QyWTFW0tRqd/uGLADIsLVEq10zEIAY7D9ScoSLtyYzwZ/zBueBTXHXrtDUEL5SfrSvcKTLFyg==",
+      "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@digitalbazaar/ecdsa-multikey": "^1.6.0",
+        "jsonld": "^9.0.0",
+        "rdf-canonize": "^5.0.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@digitalbazaar/ecdsa-rdfc-2019-cryptosuite/node_modules/@digitalbazaar/http-client": {
+      "version": "4.3.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@digitalbazaar/http-client/-/http-client-4.3.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-6lMpxpt9BOmqHKGs9Xm6DP4LlZTBFer/ZjHvP3FcW3IaUWYIWC7dw5RFZnvw4fP57kAVcm1dp3IF+Y50qhBvAw==",
+      "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "ky": "^1.14.2",
+        "undici": "^6.23.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@digitalbazaar/ecdsa-rdfc-2019-cryptosuite/node_modules/canonicalize": {
+      "version": "2.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/canonicalize/-/canonicalize-2.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-F705O3xrsUtgt98j7leetNhTWPe+5S72rlL5O4jA1pKqBVQ/dT1O1D6PFxmSXvc0SUOinWS57DKx0I3CHrXJHQ==",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "bin": {
+        "canonicalize": "bin/canonicalize.js"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@digitalbazaar/ecdsa-rdfc-2019-cryptosuite/node_modules/jsonld": {
+      "version": "9.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/jsonld/-/jsonld-9.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-pjMIdkXfC1T2wrX9B9i2uXhGdyCmgec3qgMht+TDj+S0qX3bjWMQUfL7NeqEhuRTi8G5ESzmL9uGlST7nzSEWg==",
+      "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@digitalbazaar/http-client": "^4.2.0",
+        "canonicalize": "^2.1.0",
+        "lru-cache": "^6.0.0",
+        "rdf-canonize": "^5.0.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@digitalbazaar/ecdsa-rdfc-2019-cryptosuite/node_modules/ky": {
+      "version": "1.14.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ky/-/ky-1.14.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-9zy9lkjac+TR1c2tG+mkNSVlyOpInnWdSMiue4F+kq8TwJSgv6o8jhLRg8Ho6SnZ9wOYUq/yozts9qQCfk7bIw==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sindresorhus/ky?sponsor=1"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@digitalbazaar/ecdsa-rdfc-2019-cryptosuite/node_modules/rdf-canonize": {
+      "version": "5.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/rdf-canonize/-/rdf-canonize-5.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-g8OUrgMXAR9ys/ZuJVfBr05sPPoMA7nHIVs8VEvg9QwM5W4GR2qSFEEHjsyHF1eWlBaf8Ev40WNjQFQ+nJTO3w==",
+      "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "setimmediate": "^1.0.5"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@digitalbazaar/ecdsa-sd-2023-cryptosuite": {
       "version": "3.4.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@digitalbazaar/ecdsa-sd-2023-cryptosuite/-/ecdsa-sd-2023-cryptosuite-3.4.1.tgz",
@@ -2936,6 +3021,18 @@
         "yarn": "1.x"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@noble/ciphers": {
+      "version": "1.3.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@noble/ciphers/-/ciphers-1.3.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-2I0gnIVPtfnMw9ee9h1dJG7tp81+8Ob3OJb3Mv37rx5L40/b0i7djjCVvGOVqc9AEIQyvyu1i6ypKdFw8R8gQw==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^14.21.3 || >=16"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@noble/curves": {
       "version": "2.2.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@noble/curves/-/curves-2.2.0.tgz",
@@ -3144,6 +3241,12 @@
         "@octokit/openapi-types": "^27.0.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@openzeppelin/contracts": {
+      "version": "5.6.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@openzeppelin/contracts/-/contracts-5.6.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Ly6SlsVJ3mj+b18W3R8gNufB7dTICT105fJhodGAGgyC2oqnBAhqSiNDJ8V8DLY05cCz81GLI0CU5vNYA1EC/w==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/@pnpm/config.env-replace": {
       "version": "1.1.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@pnpm/config.env-replace/-/config.env-replace-1.1.0.tgz",
@@ -3510,6 +3613,81 @@
         "win32"
       ]
     },
+    "node_modules/@scure/base": {
+      "version": "1.2.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@scure/base/-/base-1.2.6.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-g/nm5FgUa//MCj1gV09zTJTaM6KBAHqLN907YVQqf7zC49+DcO4B1so4ZX07Ef10Twr6nuqYEH9GEggFXA4Fmg==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@scure/bip32": {
+      "version": "1.7.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@scure/bip32/-/bip32-1.7.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-E4FFX/N3f4B80AKWp5dP6ow+flD1LQZo/w8UnLGYZO674jS6YnYeepycOOksv+vLPSpgN35wgKgy+ybfTb2SMw==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@noble/curves": "~1.9.0",
+        "@noble/hashes": "~1.8.0",
+        "@scure/base": "~1.2.5"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@scure/bip32/node_modules/@noble/curves": {
+      "version": "1.9.7",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@noble/curves/-/curves-1.9.7.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-gbKGcRUYIjA3/zCCNaWDciTMFI0dCkvou3TL8Zmy5Nc7sJ47a0jtOeZoTaMxkuqRo9cRhjOdZJXegxYE5FN/xw==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@noble/hashes": "1.8.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^14.21.3 || >=16"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@scure/bip32/node_modules/@noble/hashes": {
+      "version": "1.8.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@noble/hashes/-/hashes-1.8.0.tgz",
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+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^14.21.3 || >=16"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@scure/bip39": {
+      "version": "1.6.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@scure/bip39/-/bip39-1.6.0.tgz",
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+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@noble/hashes": "~1.8.0",
+        "@scure/base": "~1.2.5"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@scure/bip39/node_modules/@noble/hashes": {
+      "version": "1.8.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@noble/hashes/-/hashes-1.8.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-jCs9ldd7NwzpgXDIf6P3+NrHh9/sD6CQdxHyjQI+h/6rDNo88ypBxxz45UDuZHz9r3tNz7N/VInSVoVdtXEI4A==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^14.21.3 || >=16"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@sec-ant/readable-stream": {
       "version": "0.4.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@sec-ant/readable-stream/-/readable-stream-0.4.1.tgz",
@@ -5004,9 +5182,9 @@
     },
     "node_modules/@tradetrust-tt/token-registry-v5": {
       "name": "@tradetrust-tt/token-registry",
-      "version": "5.5.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@tradetrust-tt/token-registry/-/token-registry-5.5.1.tgz",
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+      "version": "5.6.0-beta.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@tradetrust-tt/token-registry/-/token-registry-5.6.0-beta.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-EtxZw/WnvGQMb/MB243eHy4ejSTN8bkV7I7Y9f19xk9v/mOojFL74C/tD1zjsZUUjiQi9rzLRYlzSUNbZBN2gg==",
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "dependencies": {
         "ethers": "^6.13.4"
@@ -5359,30 +5537,43 @@
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       "license": "Apache-2.0"
     },
+    "node_modules/@trustvc/eip7702": {
+      "version": "1.0.0-beta.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@trustvc/eip7702/-/eip7702-1.0.0-beta.1.tgz",
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+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@account-abstraction/contracts": "^0.8.0",
+        "@openzeppelin/contracts": "^5.6.1"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@trustvc/trustvc": {
-      "version": "2.14.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@trustvc/trustvc/-/trustvc-2.14.1.tgz",
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+      "version": "2.15.0-beta.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@trustvc/trustvc/-/trustvc-2.15.0-beta.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-EFiYmXZulyWnq+g3tb/yrpANkggE76QjDILuNE/68ZWdh9cw8yUxR+hcrqkk8tbhapmgulzQjtTuuASnuD1xog==",
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         "@tradetrust-tt/token-registry-v4": "npm:@tradetrust-tt/token-registry@^4.16.0",
-        "@tradetrust-tt/token-registry-v5": "npm:@tradetrust-tt/token-registry@^5.5.0",
+        "@tradetrust-tt/token-registry-v5": "npm:@tradetrust-tt/token-registry@^5.6.0-beta.1",
         "@tradetrust-tt/tradetrust": "^6.10.3",
         "@tradetrust-tt/tt-verify": "^9.7.5",
         "@trustvc/document-store": "^1.0.3",
-        "@trustvc/w3c": "^2.2.0",
-        "@trustvc/w3c-context": "^2.2.0",
-        "@trustvc/w3c-credential-status": "^2.2.0",
-        "@trustvc/w3c-issuer": "^2.2.0",
-        "@trustvc/w3c-vc": "^2.2.0",
+        "@trustvc/eip7702": "^1.0.0-beta.1",
+        "@trustvc/w3c": "^2.4.1",
+        "@trustvc/w3c-context": "^2.4.0",
+        "@trustvc/w3c-credential-status": "^2.4.0",
+        "@trustvc/w3c-issuer": "^2.3.0",
+        "@trustvc/w3c-vc": "^2.4.1",
         "ethers": "^5.8.0",
         "ethersV6": "npm:ethers@^6.14.4",
         "js-sha3": "^0.9.3",
         "node-fetch": "^2.7.0",
         "node-forge": "^1.3.3",
-        "ts-chacha20": "^1.2.0"
+        "permissionless": "^0.3.6",
+        "ts-chacha20": "^1.2.0",
+        "viem": "^2.53.1"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=20.0.0"
@@ -5469,33 +5660,33 @@
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     },
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/node-forge/-/node-forge-1.4.0.tgz",
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         "node": ">= 6.13.0"
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+      "version": "2.4.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@trustvc/w3c/-/w3c-2.4.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-yCyztSAbialRn9VYvXrHUE4v13q4g/BHUN4XUctzF5lrN3WsHKSgUpFUflocLdp1h5fxvJTbqyVoMSh5SDLwQw==",
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "dependencies": {
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-        "@trustvc/w3c-credential-status": "^2.2.0",
-        "@trustvc/w3c-issuer": "^2.2.0",
-        "@trustvc/w3c-vc": "^2.2.0"
+        "@trustvc/w3c-context": "^2.4.0",
+        "@trustvc/w3c-credential-status": "^2.4.0",
+        "@trustvc/w3c-issuer": "^2.3.0",
+        "@trustvc/w3c-vc": "^2.4.1"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=18.x"
       }
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+      "version": "2.4.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@trustvc/w3c-context/-/w3c-context-2.4.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-OCRfqZfTyEZ2Lpd5RPBl36DwvaKv3qV1PgZOEA9hrnEtHMWxwS5iSdv+xFYK8pZIoeheFZKymfgcB5LL7UBQRw==",
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@@ -5512,13 +5703,13 @@
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+      "version": "2.4.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@trustvc/w3c-credential-status/-/w3c-credential-status-2.4.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-fiMGtfOmq1x9e+vd89ZKqguYtmW2w2k2hxINkno+mDNHdt5CV8tfTH5EbL1fY0oPiuXM5SK+dV6iSBTIWGPFog==",
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-        "@trustvc/w3c-context": "^2.2.0",
-        "@trustvc/w3c-issuer": "^2.2.0",
+        "@trustvc/w3c-context": "^2.4.0",
+        "@trustvc/w3c-issuer": "^2.3.0",
         "base64url-universal": "^2.0.0",
         "pako": "^2.1.0"
       },
@@ -5527,9 +5718,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@trustvc/w3c-issuer": {
-      "version": "2.2.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@trustvc/w3c-issuer/-/w3c-issuer-2.2.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-o5XWh52c3KeNqrrIpSvjPt+3zwZ/wwh2hlGOst6PZXVzS9nMab+jUwhs52d+HBhe2r8BL4Z81sdMGA8YAEnk6Q==",
+      "version": "2.3.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@trustvc/w3c-issuer/-/w3c-issuer-2.3.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-J/Rlae2s/ihkF0q6OmBofmzdRjDI98ED9lRFIB6Uh2WaEl8eZP7+FoStip+t1Piy6ZbO/6MwaS0QCw/6N6viMA==",
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "dependencies": {
         "@digitalbazaar/bls12-381-multikey": "^2.1.0",
@@ -5561,19 +5752,20 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@trustvc/w3c-vc": {
-      "version": "2.2.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@trustvc/w3c-vc/-/w3c-vc-2.2.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-QAfoEgNndi2X+V0Nz9nBGiUk4Ko0XUFVLn0BY6qJK8GHJndMMCEcZ14PlaHyKG8nIossQeKZbsBwnavm2jRFdg==",
+      "version": "2.4.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@trustvc/w3c-vc/-/w3c-vc-2.4.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-f/pqBu70epEYVmtWvKvlhCd2F5QkV885rCcbfa9KZq9xYbOzeBueIF7P3gSdv3ILAiMCQTxvpL7hd8I8hj+M1A==",
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "dependencies": {
         "@digitalbazaar/bbs-2023-cryptosuite": "^2.0.1",
         "@digitalbazaar/bls12-381-multikey": "^2.1.0",
         "@digitalbazaar/data-integrity": "^2.5.0",
         "@digitalbazaar/ecdsa-multikey": "^1.8.0",
+        "@digitalbazaar/ecdsa-rdfc-2019-cryptosuite": "^1.3.0",
         "@digitalbazaar/ecdsa-sd-2023-cryptosuite": "^3.4.1",
         "@mattrglobal/jsonld-signatures-bbs": "^1.2.0",
-        "@trustvc/w3c-credential-status": "^2.2.0",
-        "@trustvc/w3c-issuer": "^2.2.0",
+        "@trustvc/w3c-credential-status": "^2.4.0",
+        "@trustvc/w3c-issuer": "^2.3.0",
         "base64url-universal": "^2.0.0",
         "cbor": "^9.0.2",
         "did-resolver": "^4.1.0",
@@ -5906,6 +6098,55 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-WmoN8qaIAo7WTYWbAZuG8PYEhn5fkz7dZrqTBZ7dtt//lL2Gwms1IcnQ5yHqjDfX8Ft5j4YzDM23f87zBfDe9g==",
       "dev": true
     },
+    "node_modules/@uniswap/lib": {
+      "version": "4.0.1-alpha",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@uniswap/lib/-/lib-4.0.1-alpha.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-f6UIliwBbRsgVLxIaBANF6w09tYqc6Y/qXdsrbEmXHyFA7ILiKrIwRFXe1yOg8M3cksgVsO9N7yuL2DdCGQKBA==",
+      "license": "GPL-3.0-or-later",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@uniswap/v2-core": {
+      "version": "1.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@uniswap/v2-core/-/v2-core-1.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-MtybtkUPSyysqLY2U210NBDeCHX+ltHt3oADGdjqoThZaFRDKwM6k1Nb3F0A3hk5hwuQvytFWhrWHOEq6nVJ8Q==",
+      "license": "GPL-3.0-or-later",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@uniswap/v3-core": {
+      "version": "1.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@uniswap/v3-core/-/v3-core-1.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-7pVk4hEm00j9tc71Y9+ssYpO6ytkeI0y7WE9P6UcmNzhxPePwyAxImuhVsTqWK9YFvzgtvzJHi64pBl4jUzKMQ==",
+      "license": "BUSL-1.1",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@uniswap/v3-periphery": {
+      "version": "1.4.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@uniswap/v3-periphery/-/v3-periphery-1.4.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-S4+m+wh8HbWSO3DKk4LwUCPZJTpCugIsHrWR86m/OrUyvSqGDTXKFfc2sMuGXCZrD1ZqO3rhQsKgdWg3Hbb2Kw==",
+      "license": "GPL-2.0-or-later",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@openzeppelin/contracts": "3.4.2-solc-0.7",
+        "@uniswap/lib": "^4.0.1-alpha",
+        "@uniswap/v2-core": "^1.0.1",
+        "@uniswap/v3-core": "^1.0.0",
+        "base64-sol": "1.0.1"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@uniswap/v3-periphery/node_modules/@openzeppelin/contracts": {
+      "version": "3.4.2-solc-0.7",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@openzeppelin/contracts/-/contracts-3.4.2-solc-0.7.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-W6QmqgkADuFcTLzHL8vVoNBtkwjvQRpYIAom7KiUNoLKghyx3FgH0GBjt8NRvigV1ZmMOBllvE1By1C+bi8WpA==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/@vitest/expect": {
       "version": "1.6.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@vitest/expect/-/expect-1.6.1.tgz",
@@ -6021,6 +6262,27 @@
       "license": "ISC",
       "optional": true
     },
+    "node_modules/abitype": {
+      "version": "1.2.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/abitype/-/abitype-1.2.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Ofer5QUnuUdTFsBRwARMoWKOH1ND5ehwYhJ3OJ/BQO+StkwQjHw0XyVh4vDttzHB7QOFhPHa/o413PJ82gU/Tg==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/wevm"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "typescript": ">=5.0.4",
+        "zod": "^3.22.0 || ^4.0.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+        "typescript": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "zod": {
+          "optional": true
+        }
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/abort-controller": {
       "version": "3.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/abort-controller/-/abort-controller-3.0.0.tgz",
@@ -6391,6 +6653,12 @@
         "node": ">=14"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/base64-sol": {
+      "version": "1.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/base64-sol/-/base64-sol-1.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-ld3cCNMeXt4uJXmLZBHFGMvVpK9KsLVEhPpFRXnvSVAqABKbuNZg/+dsq3NuM+wxFLb/UrVkz7m1ciWmkMfTbg==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/base64url": {
       "version": "3.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/base64url/-/base64url-3.0.1.tgz",
@@ -6620,9 +6888,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/cborg": {
-      "version": "5.1.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cborg/-/cborg-5.1.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-BDbSRIp6XrQXkTc7g+DN0RB9RrDPTUfals2ecWUlt3juPLjbAvy/V72mJcXY0Ehu0Dq/3WpNCOCT68HUTbW+lw==",
+      "version": "5.1.11",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cborg/-/cborg-5.1.11.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-oc6Pzg/gkTobxHZNgMmny+G99dOeBMbAmnGHcZWMKtolxZBIVwfi0Pj0khxEtNU8HMFdbT5sK0HmtgecDUPP0A==",
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "bin": {
         "cborg": "lib/bin.js"
@@ -8319,6 +8587,12 @@
         "node": ">=6"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/eventemitter3": {
+      "version": "5.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/eventemitter3/-/eventemitter3-5.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-GWkBvjiSZK87ELrYOSESUYeVIc9mvLLf/nXalMOS5dYrgZq9o5OVkbZAVM06CVxYsCwH9BDZFPlQTlPA1j4ahA==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/execa": {
       "version": "8.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/execa/-/execa-8.0.1.tgz",
@@ -10441,6 +10715,21 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-RHxMLp9lnKHGHRng9QFhRCMbYAcVpn69smSGcq3f36xjgVVWThj4qqLbTLlq7Ssj8B+fIQ1EuCEGI2lKsyQeIw==",
       "dev": true
     },
+    "node_modules/isows": {
+      "version": "1.0.7",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/isows/-/isows-1.0.7.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-I1fSfDCZL5P0v33sVqeTDSpcstAg/N+wF5HS033mogOVIp4B+oHC7oOCsA3axAbBSGTJ8QubbNmnIRN/h8U7hg==",
+      "funding": [
+        {
+          "type": "github",
+          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/wevm"
+        }
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "ws": "*"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/isstream": {
       "version": "0.1.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/isstream/-/isstream-0.1.2.tgz",
@@ -13835,6 +14124,69 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/ljharb"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/ox": {
+      "version": "0.14.33",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ox/-/ox-0.14.33.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-rooA/4o7bBof4Ge2VH/eovfNPb/AEEYyrNj03wggc55g5HZD8Pjs/OeWhttgjic3dDcqn0r29bDuvQEdTiUemQ==",
+      "funding": [
+        {
+          "type": "github",
+          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/wevm"
+        }
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@adraffy/ens-normalize": "^1.11.0",
+        "@noble/ciphers": "^1.3.0",
+        "@noble/curves": "1.9.1",
+        "@noble/hashes": "^1.8.0",
+        "@scure/bip32": "^1.7.0",
+        "@scure/bip39": "^1.6.0",
+        "abitype": "^1.2.3",
+        "eventemitter3": "5.0.1"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "typescript": ">=5.4.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+        "typescript": {
+          "optional": true
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/ox/node_modules/@adraffy/ens-normalize": {
+      "version": "1.11.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@adraffy/ens-normalize/-/ens-normalize-1.11.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-nhCBV3quEgesuf7c7KYfperqSS14T8bYuvJ8PcLJp6znkZpFc0AuW4qBtr8eKVyPPe/8RSr7sglCWPU5eaxwKQ==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
+    "node_modules/ox/node_modules/@noble/curves": {
+      "version": "1.9.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@noble/curves/-/curves-1.9.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-k11yZxZg+t+gWvBbIswW0yoJlu8cHOC7dhunwOzoWH/mXGBiYyR4YY6hAEK/3EUs4UpB8la1RfdRpeGsFHkWsA==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@noble/hashes": "1.8.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^14.21.3 || >=16"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/ox/node_modules/@noble/hashes": {
+      "version": "1.8.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@noble/hashes/-/hashes-1.8.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-jCs9ldd7NwzpgXDIf6P3+NrHh9/sD6CQdxHyjQI+h/6rDNo88ypBxxz45UDuZHz9r3tNz7N/VInSVoVdtXEI4A==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^14.21.3 || >=16"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/p-each-series": {
       "version": "3.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/p-each-series/-/p-each-series-3.0.0.tgz",
@@ -14076,6 +14428,21 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-7EAHlyLHI56VEIdK57uwHdHKIaAGbnXPiw0yWbarQZOKaKpvUIgW0jWRVLiatnM+XXlSwsanIBH/hzGMJulMow==",
       "license": "MIT"
     },
+    "node_modules/permissionless": {
+      "version": "0.3.7",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/permissionless/-/permissionless-0.3.7.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-r1UGWkVMqFzzJ0UcKEVHh6XvOm7+SfTvy7AoGA7ZlxpE96XR+zbtb+rRAA3DOQuq6/ifov5NvUyt1xf4zxbR0g==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "ox": "^0.11.3",
+        "viem": "^2.44.4"
+      },
+      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+        "ox": {
+          "optional": true
+        }
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/picocolors": {
       "version": "1.1.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/picocolors/-/picocolors-1.1.1.tgz",
@@ -17012,6 +17379,84 @@
         "extsprintf": "^1.2.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/viem": {
+      "version": "2.55.10",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/viem/-/viem-2.55.10.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Q9Ba+/ma81U2M5o5P2AQ7Ux8rTIwmCZvUcr8rKdQ22bV0IBFHllM2m5gWDP8hFaUN2nH2oW3QG44amRazflYNQ==",
+      "funding": [
+        {
+          "type": "github",
+          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/wevm"
+        }
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@noble/curves": "1.9.1",
+        "@noble/hashes": "1.8.0",
+        "@scure/bip32": "1.7.0",
+        "@scure/bip39": "1.6.0",
+        "abitype": "1.2.3",
+        "isows": "1.0.7",
+        "ox": "0.14.33",
+        "ws": "8.21.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "typescript": ">=5.0.4"
+      },
+      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+        "typescript": {
+          "optional": true
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/viem/node_modules/@noble/curves": {
+      "version": "1.9.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@noble/curves/-/curves-1.9.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-k11yZxZg+t+gWvBbIswW0yoJlu8cHOC7dhunwOzoWH/mXGBiYyR4YY6hAEK/3EUs4UpB8la1RfdRpeGsFHkWsA==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@noble/hashes": "1.8.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^14.21.3 || >=16"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/viem/node_modules/@noble/hashes": {
+      "version": "1.8.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@noble/hashes/-/hashes-1.8.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-jCs9ldd7NwzpgXDIf6P3+NrHh9/sD6CQdxHyjQI+h/6rDNo88ypBxxz45UDuZHz9r3tNz7N/VInSVoVdtXEI4A==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^14.21.3 || >=16"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/viem/node_modules/ws": {
+      "version": "8.21.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ws/-/ws-8.21.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Vsp28b7DRcimFQvrqu2Wek3z1iYxDCWqHYB8Qsnk/S4RfaCQzPGPyBNuVjJV3cd6UiKtUtp6sNM77gWvzcCH+g==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10.0.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "bufferutil": "^4.0.1",
+        "utf-8-validate": ">=5.0.2"
+      },
+      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+        "bufferutil": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "utf-8-validate": {
+          "optional": true
+        }
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/vite": {
       "version": "5.4.21",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/vite/-/vite-5.4.21.tgz",
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 34257d5..93c3156 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@inquirer/prompts": "^5.3.8",
-    "@trustvc/trustvc": "^2.14.1",
+    "@trustvc/trustvc": "2.15.0-beta.3",
     "@types/yargs": "^17.0.32",
     "chalk": "^4.1.2",
     "dotenv": "^16.0.0",
diff --git a/src/commands/helpers.ts b/src/commands/helpers.ts
index b11785e..24375a5 100644
--- a/src/commands/helpers.ts
+++ b/src/commands/helpers.ts
@@ -7,14 +7,19 @@ import {
   v4SupportInterfaceIds,
   v5SupportInterfaceIds,
   DocumentStore__factory,
+  encrypt,
 } from '@trustvc/trustvc';
-import { encrypt } from '@trustvc/trustvc';
 
 // Internal utilities
 import { ConnectedSigner } from '../utils';
 
-// Contract factories from TrustVC v5
-const { TitleEscrow__factory, TradeTrustToken__factory, TDocDeployer__factory } = v5Contracts;
+const {
+  TrustVCToken__factory,
+  ObligationEscrow__factory,
+  TitleEscrow__factory,
+  TradeTrustToken__factory,
+  TDocDeployer__factory,
+} = v5Contracts;
 
 // Interface for connectToTokenRegistry function arguments
 interface ConnectToTokenRegistryArgs {
@@ -27,6 +32,11 @@ interface ConnectToTDocDeployerContractArgs {
   wallet: Wallet | HDNodeWallet | ConnectedSigner | Signer;
 }
 
+interface ConnectToObligationRegistryArgs {
+  address: string;
+  wallet: Wallet | HDNodeWallet | ConnectedSigner | Signer;
+}
+
 /**
  * Connects to a token registry contract instance.
  *
@@ -419,3 +429,79 @@ export async function waitForTransaction(tx: any | string, provider: Provider, c
     throw new Error('Provider required for transaction hash');
   }
 }
+
+/**
+ * Connects to a TrustVCToken (obligation registry) contract instance.
+ */
+export const connectToObligationRegistry = async ({
+  address,
+  wallet,
+}: ConnectToObligationRegistryArgs) => {
+  try {
+    signale.info(`Connecting to obligation registry at: ${address}`);
+    const registry = new ethers.Contract(address, TrustVCToken__factory.abi, wallet as any);
+    const provider = wallet.provider;
+    if (!provider) {
+      throw new Error('Wallet provider is required to validate the obligation registry contract');
+    }
+    const code = await provider.getCode(address);
+    if (!code || code === '0x') {
+      throw new Error(`Failed to connect to obligation registry at address: ${address}`);
+    }
+    signale.success(`Successfully connected to obligation registry`);
+    return registry;
+  } catch (error) {
+    signale.error(
+      `Error in connectToObligationRegistry: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`,
+    );
+    throw error;
+  }
+};
+
+interface ConnectToObligationEscrowArgs {
+  tokenId: string;
+  address: string;
+  wallet: Wallet | HDNodeWallet | ConnectedSigner | Signer;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolves ObligationEscrow via ownerOf(tokenId) on the obligation registry and connects.
+ */
+export const connectToObligationEscrow = async ({
+  tokenId,
+  address,
+  wallet,
+}: ConnectToObligationEscrowArgs) => {
+  try {
+    signale.info(`Connecting to obligation registry at: ${address}`);
+    const registry = new ethers.Contract(address, TrustVCToken__factory.abi, wallet as any);
+
+    signale.info(`Fetching obligation escrow address for tokenId: ${tokenId}`);
+    const escrowAddress = await registry.ownerOf(tokenId);
+    signale.info(`Obligation escrow address: ${escrowAddress}`);
+
+    if (!escrowAddress || escrowAddress === ZeroAddress) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Invalid obligation escrow address for tokenId: ${tokenId}. Address: ${escrowAddress}`,
+      );
+    }
+
+    signale.info(`Connecting to obligation escrow at: ${escrowAddress}`);
+    const escrow = new ethers.Contract(escrowAddress, ObligationEscrow__factory.abi, wallet as any);
+    const provider = wallet.provider;
+    if (!provider) {
+      throw new Error('Wallet provider is required to validate the obligation escrow contract');
+    }
+    const code = await provider.getCode(escrowAddress);
+    if (!code || code === '0x') {
+      throw new Error(`Failed to connect to obligation escrow at address: ${escrowAddress}`);
+    }
+    signale.success(`Successfully connected to obligation escrow`);
+    return escrow;
+  } catch (error) {
+    signale.error(
+      `Error in connectToObligationEscrow: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`,
+    );
+    throw error;
+  }
+};
diff --git a/src/commands/obligation-escrow/accept-return-to-issuer.ts b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/accept-return-to-issuer.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eefdc55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/accept-return-to-issuer.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import { error, info, success } from 'signale';
+import { acceptReturnedObligationRegistry } from '@trustvc/trustvc';
+import { BaseObligationEscrowCommand } from '../../types';
+import {
+  displayTransactionPrice,
+  getErrorMessage,
+  getEtherscanAddress,
+  NetworkCmdName,
+  TransactionReceiptFees,
+} from '../../utils';
+import { promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs } from './shared';
+import { runObligationEscrowTx } from './runTx';
+
+export const command = 'accept-return-to-issuer';
+export const describe = 'Issuer accepts a returned BoE obligation (burn / shred)';
+
+export const handler = async (): Promise<void> => {
+  try {
+    const answers = await promptForInputs();
+    if (!answers) return;
+    await acceptReturnedHandler(answers);
+  } catch (err: unknown) {
+    error(err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err));
+  }
+};
+
+export const promptForInputs = promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs;
+
+export const acceptReturnedHandler = async (args: BaseObligationEscrowCommand) => {
+  try {
+    info(`Accepting returned obligation ${args.tokenId}`);
+    const transaction = await runObligationEscrowTx({
+      args,
+      // acceptReturned burns the title, which lives on the TrustVCToken registry, not the escrow.
+      populate: ({ registry }, encryptedRemark) =>
+        registry.burn.populateTransaction(args.tokenId, encryptedRemark),
+      sdk: acceptReturnedObligationRegistry as any,
+      sdkParams: { tokenId: args.tokenId, remarks: args.remark },
+    });
+    if (!transaction) return;
+    displayTransactionPrice(
+      transaction as unknown as TransactionReceiptFees,
+      args.network as NetworkCmdName,
+    );
+    success(`Return accepted (burned)`);
+    info(
+      `Find more details at ${getEtherscanAddress({ network: args.network })}/tx/${transaction.hash}`,
+    );
+  } catch (e) {
+    error(getErrorMessage(e));
+    process.exitCode = 1;
+  }
+};
diff --git a/src/commands/obligation-escrow/accept.ts b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/accept.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49adc7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/accept.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import { error, info, success } from 'signale';
+import { acceptObligationRegistry } from '@trustvc/trustvc';
+import { BaseObligationEscrowCommand } from '../../types';
+import {
+  displayTransactionPrice,
+  getErrorMessage,
+  getEtherscanAddress,
+  NetworkCmdName,
+  TransactionReceiptFees,
+} from '../../utils';
+import { promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs } from './shared';
+import { runObligationEscrowTx } from './runTx';
+
+export const command = 'accept';
+export const describe = 'Holder accepts an issued BoE obligation (Issued → Accepted)';
+
+export const handler = async (): Promise<void> => {
+  try {
+    const answers = await promptForInputs();
+    if (!answers) return;
+    await acceptHandler(answers);
+  } catch (err: unknown) {
+    error(err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err));
+  }
+};
+
+export const promptForInputs = promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs;
+
+export const acceptHandler = async (args: BaseObligationEscrowCommand) => {
+  try {
+    info(`Accepting obligation token ${args.tokenId} on ${args.obligationRegistryAddress}`);
+    const transaction = await runObligationEscrowTx({
+      args,
+      populate: ({ escrow }, encryptedRemark) => escrow.accept.populateTransaction(encryptedRemark),
+      sdk: acceptObligationRegistry as any,
+      sdkParams: { remarks: args.remark },
+    });
+    if (!transaction) return;
+    displayTransactionPrice(
+      transaction as unknown as TransactionReceiptFees,
+      args.network as NetworkCmdName,
+    );
+    success(`Obligation ${args.tokenId} accepted`);
+    info(
+      `Find more details at ${getEtherscanAddress({ network: args.network })}/tx/${transaction.hash}`,
+    );
+  } catch (e) {
+    error(getErrorMessage(e));
+    process.exitCode = 1;
+  }
+};
diff --git a/src/commands/obligation-escrow/discharge.ts b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/discharge.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9539ddb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/discharge.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import { error, info, success } from 'signale';
+import { dischargeObligationRegistry } from '@trustvc/trustvc';
+import { BaseObligationEscrowCommand } from '../../types';
+import {
+  displayTransactionPrice,
+  getErrorMessage,
+  getEtherscanAddress,
+  NetworkCmdName,
+  TransactionReceiptFees,
+} from '../../utils';
+import { promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs } from './shared';
+import { runObligationEscrowTx } from './runTx';
+
+export const command = 'discharge';
+export const describe =
+  'Beneficiary discharges an accepted BoE obligation (Accepted → Discharged, burns)';
+
+export const handler = async (): Promise<void> => {
+  try {
+    const answers = await promptForInputs();
+    if (!answers) return;
+    await dischargeHandler(answers);
+  } catch (err: unknown) {
+    error(err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err));
+  }
+};
+
+export const promptForInputs = promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs;
+
+export const dischargeHandler = async (args: BaseObligationEscrowCommand) => {
+  try {
+    info(`Discharging obligation token ${args.tokenId} on ${args.obligationRegistryAddress}`);
+    const transaction = await runObligationEscrowTx({
+      args,
+      populate: ({ escrow }, encryptedRemark) =>
+        escrow.discharge.populateTransaction(encryptedRemark),
+      sdk: dischargeObligationRegistry as any,
+      sdkParams: { remarks: args.remark },
+    });
+    if (!transaction) return;
+    displayTransactionPrice(
+      transaction as unknown as TransactionReceiptFees,
+      args.network as NetworkCmdName,
+    );
+    success(`Obligation ${args.tokenId} discharged`);
+    info(
+      `Find more details at ${getEtherscanAddress({ network: args.network })}/tx/${transaction.hash}`,
+    );
+  } catch (e) {
+    error(getErrorMessage(e));
+    process.exitCode = 1;
+  }
+};
diff --git a/src/commands/obligation-escrow/endorse-transfer-owner.ts b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/endorse-transfer-owner.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3166d5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/endorse-transfer-owner.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import { error, info, success } from 'signale';
+import { transferBeneficiaryObligationRegistry } from '@trustvc/trustvc';
+import { ObligationEscrowNominateBeneficiaryCommand } from '../../types';
+import {
+  displayTransactionPrice,
+  getErrorMessage,
+  getEtherscanAddress,
+  NetworkCmdName,
+  promptAddress,
+  TransactionReceiptFees,
+} from '../../utils';
+import { promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs } from './shared';
+import { runObligationEscrowTx } from './runTx';
+
+export const command = 'endorse-transfer-owner';
+export const describe = 'Endorse / transfer beneficiary (owner) of a BoE obligation';
+
+export const handler = async (): Promise<void> => {
+  try {
+    const answers = await promptForInputs();
+    if (!answers) return;
+    await endorseHandler(answers);
+  } catch (err: unknown) {
+    error(err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err));
+  }
+};
+
+export const promptForInputs = async (): Promise<ObligationEscrowNominateBeneficiaryCommand> => {
+  const base = await promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs();
+  const newBeneficiary = await promptAddress('new beneficiary', 'endorsed owner');
+  return { ...base, newBeneficiary } as ObligationEscrowNominateBeneficiaryCommand;
+};
+
+export const endorseHandler = async (args: ObligationEscrowNominateBeneficiaryCommand) => {
+  try {
+    info(`Transferring beneficiary to ${args.newBeneficiary} for obligation ${args.tokenId}`);
+    const transaction = await runObligationEscrowTx({
+      args,
+      populate: ({ escrow }, encryptedRemark) =>
+        escrow.transferBeneficiary.populateTransaction(args.newBeneficiary, encryptedRemark),
+      sdk: transferBeneficiaryObligationRegistry as any,
+      sdkParams: { newBeneficiaryAddress: args.newBeneficiary, remarks: args.remark },
+    });
+    if (!transaction) return;
+    displayTransactionPrice(
+      transaction as unknown as TransactionReceiptFees,
+      args.network as NetworkCmdName,
+    );
+    success(`Beneficiary transferred to ${args.newBeneficiary}`);
+    info(
+      `Find more details at ${getEtherscanAddress({ network: args.network })}/tx/${transaction.hash}`,
+    );
+  } catch (e) {
+    error(getErrorMessage(e));
+    process.exitCode = 1;
+  }
+};
diff --git a/src/commands/obligation-escrow/index.ts b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28969ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import { Argv } from 'yargs';
+
+export const command = 'obligation-escrow <method>';
+
+export const describe =
+  'Invoke ObligationEscrow lifecycle / transfer functions for BoE obligation records';
+
+export const builder = (yargs: Argv): Argv =>
+  yargs.commandDir(__dirname, { extensions: ['ts', 'js'] });
+
+export const handler = (): void => {};
diff --git a/src/commands/obligation-escrow/nominate-transfer-owner.ts b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/nominate-transfer-owner.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a4397d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/nominate-transfer-owner.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import { info, success } from 'signale';
+import { nominateObligationRegistry } from '@trustvc/trustvc';
+import { ObligationEscrowNominateBeneficiaryCommand } from '../../types';
+import {
+  displayTransactionPrice,
+  getEtherscanAddress,
+  NetworkCmdName,
+  promptAddress,
+  TransactionReceiptFees,
+} from '../../utils';
+import { promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs, runObligationEscrowCommand } from './shared';
+import { runObligationEscrowTx } from './runTx';
+
+export const command = 'nominate-transfer-owner';
+export const describe = 'Nominate a new beneficiary (owner) for a BoE obligation';
+
+export const handler = async (): Promise<void> =>
+  runObligationEscrowCommand(promptForInputs, nominateHandler);
+
+export const promptForInputs = async (): Promise<ObligationEscrowNominateBeneficiaryCommand> => {
+  const base = await promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs();
+  const newBeneficiary = await promptAddress('new beneficiary', 'nominee');
+  return { ...base, newBeneficiary } as ObligationEscrowNominateBeneficiaryCommand;
+};
+
+export const nominateHandler = async (args: ObligationEscrowNominateBeneficiaryCommand) => {
+  info(`Nominating beneficiary ${args.newBeneficiary} for obligation ${args.tokenId}`);
+  const transaction = await runObligationEscrowTx({
+    args,
+    populate: ({ escrow }, encryptedRemark) =>
+      escrow.nominate.populateTransaction(args.newBeneficiary, encryptedRemark),
+    sdk: nominateObligationRegistry as any,
+    sdkParams: { newBeneficiaryAddress: args.newBeneficiary, remarks: args.remark },
+  });
+  if (!transaction) return;
+  displayTransactionPrice(
+    transaction as unknown as TransactionReceiptFees,
+    args.network as NetworkCmdName,
+  );
+  success(`Nominated ${args.newBeneficiary}`);
+  info(
+    `Find more details at ${getEtherscanAddress({ network: args.network })}/tx/${transaction.hash}`,
+  );
+};
diff --git a/src/commands/obligation-escrow/reject-return-to-issuer.ts b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/reject-return-to-issuer.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f810a53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/reject-return-to-issuer.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import { error, info, success } from 'signale';
+import { rejectReturnedObligationRegistry } from '@trustvc/trustvc';
+import { BaseObligationEscrowCommand } from '../../types';
+import {
+  displayTransactionPrice,
+  getErrorMessage,
+  getEtherscanAddress,
+  NetworkCmdName,
+  TransactionReceiptFees,
+} from '../../utils';
+import { promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs } from './shared';
+import { runObligationEscrowTx } from './runTx';
+
+export const command = 'reject-return-to-issuer';
+export const describe = 'Issuer rejects a returned BoE obligation (restore to escrow)';
+
+export const handler = async (): Promise<void> => {
+  try {
+    const answers = await promptForInputs();
+    if (!answers) return;
+    await rejectReturnedHandler(answers);
+  } catch (err: unknown) {
+    error(err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err));
+  }
+};
+
+export const promptForInputs = promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs;
+
+export const rejectReturnedHandler = async (args: BaseObligationEscrowCommand) => {
+  try {
+    info(`Rejecting returned obligation ${args.tokenId} (restore)`);
+    const transaction = await runObligationEscrowTx({
+      args,
+      // rejectReturned restores the title, which lives on the TrustVCToken registry, not the escrow.
+      populate: ({ registry }, encryptedRemark) =>
+        registry.restore.populateTransaction(args.tokenId, encryptedRemark),
+      sdk: rejectReturnedObligationRegistry as any,
+      sdkParams: { tokenId: args.tokenId, remarks: args.remark },
+    });
+    if (!transaction) return;
+    displayTransactionPrice(
+      transaction as unknown as TransactionReceiptFees,
+      args.network as NetworkCmdName,
+    );
+    success(`Return rejected (restored to escrow)`);
+    info(
+      `Find more details at ${getEtherscanAddress({ network: args.network })}/tx/${transaction.hash}`,
+    );
+  } catch (e) {
+    error(getErrorMessage(e));
+    process.exitCode = 1;
+  }
+};
diff --git a/src/commands/obligation-escrow/reject-transfer-holder.ts b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/reject-transfer-holder.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4226765
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/reject-transfer-holder.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import { info, success } from 'signale';
+import { rejectTransferHolderObligationRegistry } from '@trustvc/trustvc';
+import { BaseObligationEscrowCommand } from '../../types';
+import {
+  displayTransactionPrice,
+  getEtherscanAddress,
+  NetworkCmdName,
+  TransactionReceiptFees,
+} from '../../utils';
+import { promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs, runObligationEscrowCommand } from './shared';
+import { runObligationEscrowTx } from './runTx';
+
+export const command = 'reject-transfer-holder';
+export const describe = 'Reject a pending holder transfer on a BoE obligation';
+
+export const handler = async (): Promise<void> =>
+  runObligationEscrowCommand(promptForInputs, rejectTransferHolderHandler);
+
+export const promptForInputs = promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs;
+
+export const rejectTransferHolderHandler = async (args: BaseObligationEscrowCommand) => {
+  info(`Rejecting holder transfer for obligation ${args.tokenId}`);
+  const transaction = await runObligationEscrowTx({
+    args,
+    populate: ({ escrow }, encryptedRemark) =>
+      escrow.rejectTransferHolder.populateTransaction(encryptedRemark),
+    sdk: rejectTransferHolderObligationRegistry as any,
+    sdkParams: { remarks: args.remark },
+  });
+  if (!transaction) return;
+  displayTransactionPrice(
+    transaction as unknown as TransactionReceiptFees,
+    args.network as NetworkCmdName,
+  );
+  success(`Holder transfer rejected`);
+  info(
+    `Find more details at ${getEtherscanAddress({ network: args.network })}/tx/${transaction.hash}`,
+  );
+};
diff --git a/src/commands/obligation-escrow/reject-transfer-owner-holder.ts b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/reject-transfer-owner-holder.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc965c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/reject-transfer-owner-holder.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import { info, success } from 'signale';
+import { rejectTransferOwnersObligationRegistry } from '@trustvc/trustvc';
+import { BaseObligationEscrowCommand } from '../../types';
+import {
+  displayTransactionPrice,
+  getEtherscanAddress,
+  NetworkCmdName,
+  TransactionReceiptFees,
+} from '../../utils';
+import { promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs, runObligationEscrowCommand } from './shared';
+import { runObligationEscrowTx } from './runTx';
+
+export const command = 'reject-transfer-owner-holder';
+export const describe = 'Reject a pending joint owner+holder transfer on a BoE obligation';
+
+export const handler = async (): Promise<void> =>
+  runObligationEscrowCommand(promptForInputs, rejectTransferOwnersHandler);
+
+export const promptForInputs = promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs;
+
+export const rejectTransferOwnersHandler = async (args: BaseObligationEscrowCommand) => {
+  info(`Rejecting owners transfer for obligation ${args.tokenId}`);
+  const transaction = await runObligationEscrowTx({
+    args,
+    populate: ({ escrow }, encryptedRemark) =>
+      escrow.rejectTransferOwners.populateTransaction(encryptedRemark),
+    sdk: rejectTransferOwnersObligationRegistry as any,
+    sdkParams: { remarks: args.remark },
+  });
+  if (!transaction) return;
+  displayTransactionPrice(
+    transaction as unknown as TransactionReceiptFees,
+    args.network as NetworkCmdName,
+  );
+  success(`Owners transfer rejected`);
+  info(
+    `Find more details at ${getEtherscanAddress({ network: args.network })}/tx/${transaction.hash}`,
+  );
+};
diff --git a/src/commands/obligation-escrow/reject-transfer-owner.ts b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/reject-transfer-owner.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ecdbf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/reject-transfer-owner.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import { error, info, success } from 'signale';
+import { rejectTransferBeneficiaryObligationRegistry } from '@trustvc/trustvc';
+import { BaseObligationEscrowCommand } from '../../types';
+import {
+  displayTransactionPrice,
+  getErrorMessage,
+  getEtherscanAddress,
+  NetworkCmdName,
+  TransactionReceiptFees,
+} from '../../utils';
+import { promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs } from './shared';
+import { runObligationEscrowTx } from './runTx';
+
+export const command = 'reject-transfer-owner';
+export const describe = 'Reject a pending beneficiary transfer on a BoE obligation';
+
+export const handler = async (): Promise<void> => {
+  try {
+    const answers = await promptForInputs();
+    if (!answers) return;
+    await rejectTransferOwnerHandler(answers);
+  } catch (err: unknown) {
+    error(err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err));
+  }
+};
+
+export const promptForInputs = promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs;
+
+export const rejectTransferOwnerHandler = async (args: BaseObligationEscrowCommand) => {
+  try {
+    info(`Rejecting beneficiary transfer for obligation ${args.tokenId}`);
+    const transaction = await runObligationEscrowTx({
+      args,
+      populate: ({ escrow }, encryptedRemark) =>
+        escrow.rejectTransferBeneficiary.populateTransaction(encryptedRemark),
+      sdk: rejectTransferBeneficiaryObligationRegistry as any,
+      sdkParams: { remarks: args.remark },
+    });
+    if (!transaction) return;
+    displayTransactionPrice(
+      transaction as unknown as TransactionReceiptFees,
+      args.network as NetworkCmdName,
+    );
+    success(`Beneficiary transfer rejected`);
+    info(
+      `Find more details at ${getEtherscanAddress({ network: args.network })}/tx/${transaction.hash}`,
+    );
+  } catch (e) {
+    error(getErrorMessage(e));
+    process.exitCode = 1;
+  }
+};
diff --git a/src/commands/obligation-escrow/reject.ts b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/reject.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a956f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/reject.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import { error, info, success } from 'signale';
+import { rejectObligationRegistry } from '@trustvc/trustvc';
+import { BaseObligationEscrowCommand } from '../../types';
+import {
+  displayTransactionPrice,
+  getErrorMessage,
+  getEtherscanAddress,
+  NetworkCmdName,
+  TransactionReceiptFees,
+} from '../../utils';
+import { promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs } from './shared';
+import { runObligationEscrowTx } from './runTx';
+
+export const command = 'reject';
+export const describe = 'Holder rejects an issued BoE obligation (Issued → Rejected, burns)';
+
+export const handler = async (): Promise<void> => {
+  try {
+    const answers = await promptForInputs();
+    if (!answers) return;
+    await rejectHandler(answers);
+  } catch (err: unknown) {
+    error(err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err));
+  }
+};
+
+export const promptForInputs = promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs;
+
+export const rejectHandler = async (args: BaseObligationEscrowCommand) => {
+  try {
+    info(`Rejecting obligation token ${args.tokenId} on ${args.obligationRegistryAddress}`);
+    const transaction = await runObligationEscrowTx({
+      args,
+      populate: ({ escrow }, encryptedRemark) => escrow.reject.populateTransaction(encryptedRemark),
+      sdk: rejectObligationRegistry as any,
+      sdkParams: { remarks: args.remark },
+    });
+    if (!transaction) return;
+    displayTransactionPrice(
+      transaction as unknown as TransactionReceiptFees,
+      args.network as NetworkCmdName,
+    );
+    success(`Obligation ${args.tokenId} rejected`);
+    info(
+      `Find more details at ${getEtherscanAddress({ network: args.network })}/tx/${transaction.hash}`,
+    );
+  } catch (e) {
+    error(getErrorMessage(e));
+    process.exitCode = 1;
+  }
+};
diff --git a/src/commands/obligation-escrow/return-to-issuer.ts b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/return-to-issuer.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5dcd6b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/return-to-issuer.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import { error, info, success } from 'signale';
+import { returnToIssuerObligationRegistry } from '@trustvc/trustvc';
+import { BaseObligationEscrowCommand } from '../../types';
+import {
+  displayTransactionPrice,
+  getErrorMessage,
+  getEtherscanAddress,
+  NetworkCmdName,
+  TransactionReceiptFees,
+} from '../../utils';
+import { promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs } from './shared';
+import { runObligationEscrowTx } from './runTx';
+
+export const command = 'return-to-issuer';
+export const describe = 'Return a BoE obligation to the issuer (dual role, same as classic ETR)';
+
+export const handler = async (): Promise<void> => {
+  try {
+    const answers = await promptForInputs();
+    if (!answers) return;
+    await returnToIssuerHandler(answers);
+  } catch (err: unknown) {
+    error(err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err));
+  }
+};
+
+export const promptForInputs = promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs;
+
+export const returnToIssuerHandler = async (args: BaseObligationEscrowCommand) => {
+  try {
+    info(`Returning obligation ${args.tokenId} to issuer`);
+    const transaction = await runObligationEscrowTx({
+      args,
+      populate: ({ escrow }, encryptedRemark) =>
+        escrow.returnToIssuer.populateTransaction(encryptedRemark),
+      sdk: returnToIssuerObligationRegistry as any,
+      sdkParams: { remarks: args.remark },
+    });
+    if (!transaction) return;
+    displayTransactionPrice(
+      transaction as unknown as TransactionReceiptFees,
+      args.network as NetworkCmdName,
+    );
+    success(`Returned to issuer`);
+    info(
+      `Find more details at ${getEtherscanAddress({ network: args.network })}/tx/${transaction.hash}`,
+    );
+  } catch (e) {
+    error(getErrorMessage(e));
+    process.exitCode = 1;
+  }
+};
diff --git a/src/commands/obligation-escrow/runTx.ts b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/runTx.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8218c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/runTx.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+import signale from 'signale';
+import { BytesLike, TransactionReceipt } from 'ethers';
+import { CHAIN_ID } from '@trustvc/trustvc';
+import {
+  canEstimateGasPrice,
+  getGasFees,
+  getSupportedNetwork,
+  getWalletOrSigner,
+  performDryRunWithConfirmation,
+} from '../../utils';
+import {
+  connectToObligationEscrow,
+  connectToObligationRegistry,
+  validateAndEncryptRemark,
+} from '../helpers';
+import { BaseObligationEscrowCommand } from '../../types';
+
+type PopulateFn = (
+  contracts: { escrow: any; registry: any },
+  encryptedRemark: BytesLike,
+) => Promise<any>;
+
+type SdkCall = (
+  contractOptions: { obligationRegistryAddress: string; tokenId: string },
+  wallet: any,
+  params: Record<string, unknown>,
+  txOptions: Record<string, unknown>,
+) => Promise<{ hash: string; wait: () => Promise<unknown> }>;
+
+/**
+ * Shared dry-run + gas + SDK send for obligation-escrow write methods that take remarks.
+ */
+export const runObligationEscrowTx = async (opts: {
+  args: BaseObligationEscrowCommand;
+  populate: PopulateFn;
+  sdk: SdkCall;
+  sdkParams: Record<string, unknown>;
+}): Promise<TransactionReceipt | null> => {
+  const { args, populate, sdk, sdkParams } = opts;
+  const { obligationRegistryAddress, tokenId, remark, encryptionKey, network, ...rest } = args;
+  const wallet = await getWalletOrSigner({ network, ...rest });
+  const networkId = getSupportedNetwork(network).networkId;
+
+  const shouldProceed = await performDryRunWithConfirmation({
+    network,
+    getTransactionCallback: async () => {
+      const escrow = await connectToObligationEscrow({
+        tokenId,
+        address: obligationRegistryAddress,
+        wallet,
+      });
+      const registry = await connectToObligationRegistry({
+        address: obligationRegistryAddress,
+        wallet,
+      });
+      const encryptedRemark = validateAndEncryptRemark(remark, encryptionKey);
+      const tx = await populate({ escrow, registry }, encryptedRemark);
+      return { ...tx, from: await wallet.getAddress() };
+    },
+  });
+
+  if (!shouldProceed) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const contractOptions = { obligationRegistryAddress, tokenId };
+  let transaction;
+
+  if (canEstimateGasPrice(network)) {
+    if (!wallet.provider) {
+      throw new Error('Provider is required for gas estimation');
+    }
+    const gasFees = await getGasFees({ provider: wallet.provider, ...rest });
+    transaction = await sdk(contractOptions, wallet, sdkParams, {
+      chainId: networkId as unknown as CHAIN_ID,
+      maxFeePerGas: gasFees.maxFeePerGas?.toString(),
+      maxPriorityFeePerGas: gasFees.maxPriorityFeePerGas?.toString(),
+      id: encryptionKey,
+    });
+  } else {
+    transaction = await sdk(contractOptions, wallet, sdkParams, {
+      chainId: networkId as unknown as CHAIN_ID,
+      id: encryptionKey,
+    });
+  }
+
+  signale.await(`Waiting for transaction ${transaction.hash} to be mined`);
+  const receipt = (await transaction.wait()) as unknown as TransactionReceipt;
+  if (!receipt) {
+    throw new Error('Transaction receipt not found');
+  }
+  return receipt;
+};
diff --git a/src/commands/obligation-escrow/shared.ts b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/shared.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..149100d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/shared.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import { error } from 'signale';
+import {
+  promptWalletSelection,
+  promptAndReadDocument,
+  promptRemark,
+  extractObligationDocumentInfo,
+  verifyDocumentSignature,
+  getErrorMessage,
+} from '../../utils';
+import { BaseObligationEscrowCommand } from '../../types';
+
+/**
+ * Shared prompt flow for obligation-escrow commands that only need document + wallet + remark.
+ */
+export const promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs = async (): Promise<BaseObligationEscrowCommand> => {
+  const document = await promptAndReadDocument();
+  await verifyDocumentSignature(document);
+  const { obligationRegistry, tokenId, network, documentId } =
+    await extractObligationDocumentInfo(document);
+  const { encryptedWalletPath, key, keyFile } = await promptWalletSelection();
+  const remark = await promptRemark('v5');
+
+  const baseResult = {
+    network,
+    obligationRegistryAddress: obligationRegistry,
+    tokenId,
+    remark,
+    encryptionKey: documentId,
+    maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+  };
+
+  if (encryptedWalletPath) {
+    return { ...baseResult, encryptedWalletPath } as BaseObligationEscrowCommand;
+  }
+  if (keyFile) {
+    return { ...baseResult, keyFile } as BaseObligationEscrowCommand;
+  }
+  if (key) {
+    return { ...baseResult, key } as BaseObligationEscrowCommand;
+  }
+  return baseResult as BaseObligationEscrowCommand;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Runs prompt → command with shared failure logging and non-zero exit on error.
+ * Prompt cancellation (falsy answers) returns without setting exitCode.
+ */
+export const runObligationEscrowCommand = async <TArgs>(
+  promptForInputs: () => Promise<TArgs | null | undefined>,
+  commandHandler: (args: TArgs) => Promise<void>,
+): Promise<void> => {
+  try {
+    const answers = await promptForInputs();
+    if (!answers) return;
+    await commandHandler(answers);
+  } catch (e) {
+    error(getErrorMessage(e));
+    process.exitCode = 1;
+  }
+};
diff --git a/src/commands/obligation-escrow/status.ts b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/status.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed1fff0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/status.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import { info, success } from 'signale';
+import {
+  ObligationDocumentStatus,
+  ObligationEscrowTerminationReason,
+  getObligationEscrowTerminationReason,
+  getObligationRegistryStatus,
+  isObligationRegistryRegistered,
+} from '@trustvc/trustvc';
+import { BaseObligationEscrowCommand } from '../../types';
+import { getWalletOrSigner } from '../../utils';
+import { promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs, runObligationEscrowCommand } from './shared';
+
+export const command = 'status';
+export const describe = 'Read BoE obligation escrow status / registration / termination reason';
+
+const STATUS_LABEL: Record<number, string> = {
+  [ObligationDocumentStatus.Issued]: 'Issued',
+  [ObligationDocumentStatus.Accepted]: 'Accepted',
+  [ObligationDocumentStatus.Rejected]: 'Rejected',
+  [ObligationDocumentStatus.Discharged]: 'Discharged',
+};
+const REASON_LABEL: Record<number, string> = {
+  [ObligationEscrowTerminationReason.None]: 'None',
+  [ObligationEscrowTerminationReason.ReturnToIssuer]: 'ReturnToIssuer',
+  [ObligationEscrowTerminationReason.Rejected]: 'Rejected',
+  [ObligationEscrowTerminationReason.Discharged]: 'Discharged',
+};
+
+export const handler = async (): Promise<void> =>
+  runObligationEscrowCommand(promptForInputs, statusHandler);
+
+export const promptForInputs = promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs;
+
+export const statusHandler = async (args: BaseObligationEscrowCommand) => {
+  const { obligationRegistryAddress, tokenId, network, ...rest } = args;
+  const wallet = await getWalletOrSigner({ network, ...rest });
+  // Escrow resolution uses contractOptions.tokenId (params.tokenId is API parity only).
+  const opts = { obligationRegistryAddress, tokenId };
+
+  const status = await getObligationRegistryStatus(opts, wallet, { tokenId });
+  const registered = await isObligationRegistryRegistered(opts, wallet, { tokenId });
+  const reason = await getObligationEscrowTerminationReason(opts, wallet, { tokenId });
+
+  success(`Obligation ${tokenId} on ${obligationRegistryAddress}`);
+  info(`  Status: ${STATUS_LABEL[status] ?? status} (${status})`);
+  info(`  Registered: ${registered}`);
+  info(`  Termination reason: ${REASON_LABEL[reason] ?? reason} (${reason})`);
+};
diff --git a/src/commands/obligation-escrow/transfer-holder.ts b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/transfer-holder.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3a1aa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/transfer-holder.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import { error, info, success, warn } from 'signale';
+import { transferHolderObligationRegistry } from '@trustvc/trustvc';
+import { ObligationEscrowTransferHolderCommand } from '../../types';
+import {
+  displayTransactionPrice,
+  getErrorMessage,
+  getEtherscanAddress,
+  NetworkCmdName,
+  promptAddress,
+  TransactionReceiptFees,
+} from '../../utils';
+import { promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs } from './shared';
+import { runObligationEscrowTx } from './runTx';
+
+export const command = 'transfer-holder';
+export const describe = 'Transfer the holder of a BoE obligation record';
+
+export const handler = async (): Promise<void> => {
+  try {
+    const answers = await promptForInputs();
+    if (!answers) return;
+    await changeHolderHandler(answers);
+  } catch (err: unknown) {
+    error(err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err));
+  }
+};
+
+export const promptForInputs = async (): Promise<ObligationEscrowTransferHolderCommand> => {
+  const base = await promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs();
+  const newHolder = await promptAddress('new holder', 'new holder');
+  return { ...base, newHolder } as ObligationEscrowTransferHolderCommand;
+};
+
+export const changeHolderHandler = async (args: ObligationEscrowTransferHolderCommand) => {
+  try {
+    info(
+      `Changing holder of obligation ${args.tokenId} on ${args.obligationRegistryAddress} to ${args.newHolder}`,
+    );
+    warn('Only the current holder can transfer the holder role.');
+    const transaction = await runObligationEscrowTx({
+      args,
+      populate: ({ escrow }, encryptedRemark) =>
+        escrow.transferHolder.populateTransaction(args.newHolder, encryptedRemark),
+      sdk: transferHolderObligationRegistry as any,
+      sdkParams: { holderAddress: args.newHolder, remarks: args.remark },
+    });
+    if (!transaction) return;
+    displayTransactionPrice(
+      transaction as unknown as TransactionReceiptFees,
+      args.network as NetworkCmdName,
+    );
+    success(`Holder changed to ${args.newHolder}`);
+    info(
+      `Find more details at ${getEtherscanAddress({ network: args.network })}/tx/${transaction.hash}`,
+    );
+  } catch (e) {
+    error(getErrorMessage(e));
+    process.exitCode = 1;
+  }
+};
diff --git a/src/commands/obligation-escrow/transfer-owner-holder.ts b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/transfer-owner-holder.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a37da7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/commands/obligation-escrow/transfer-owner-holder.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import { info, success } from 'signale';
+import { transferOwnersObligationRegistry } from '@trustvc/trustvc';
+import { ObligationEscrowEndorseTransferOfOwnersCommand } from '../../types';
+import {
+  displayTransactionPrice,
+  getEtherscanAddress,
+  NetworkCmdName,
+  promptAddress,
+  TransactionReceiptFees,
+} from '../../utils';
+import { promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs, runObligationEscrowCommand } from './shared';
+import { runObligationEscrowTx } from './runTx';
+
+export const command = 'transfer-owner-holder';
+export const describe = 'Transfer both beneficiary and holder of a BoE obligation';
+
+export const handler = async (): Promise<void> =>
+  runObligationEscrowCommand(promptForInputs, transferOwnersHandler);
+
+export const promptForInputs =
+  async (): Promise<ObligationEscrowEndorseTransferOfOwnersCommand> => {
+    const base = await promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs();
+    const newOwner = await promptAddress('new beneficiary', 'new owner');
+    const newHolder = await promptAddress('new holder', 'new holder');
+    return { ...base, newOwner, newHolder } as ObligationEscrowEndorseTransferOfOwnersCommand;
+  };
+
+export const transferOwnersHandler = async (
+  args: ObligationEscrowEndorseTransferOfOwnersCommand,
+) => {
+  info(
+    `Transferring owners of obligation ${args.tokenId} to owner ${args.newOwner} / holder ${args.newHolder}`,
+  );
+  const transaction = await runObligationEscrowTx({
+    args,
+    populate: ({ escrow }, encryptedRemark) =>
+      escrow.transferOwners.populateTransaction(args.newOwner, args.newHolder, encryptedRemark),
+    sdk: transferOwnersObligationRegistry as any,
+    sdkParams: {
+      newBeneficiaryAddress: args.newOwner,
+      newHolderAddress: args.newHolder,
+      remarks: args.remark,
+    },
+  });
+  if (!transaction) return;
+  displayTransactionPrice(
+    transaction as unknown as TransactionReceiptFees,
+    args.network as NetworkCmdName,
+  );
+  success(`Owners transferred`);
+  info(
+    `Find more details at ${getEtherscanAddress({ network: args.network })}/tx/${transaction.hash}`,
+  );
+};
diff --git a/src/commands/obligation-registry/deploy.ts b/src/commands/obligation-registry/deploy.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c6cc55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/commands/obligation-registry/deploy.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+import { error, info, success } from 'signale';
+import { CHAIN_ID, deployObligationRegistry } from '@trustvc/trustvc';
+import { input, confirm } from '@inquirer/prompts';
+import {
+  displayTransactionPrice,
+  getErrorMessage,
+  getEtherscanAddress,
+  NetworkCmdName,
+  promptWalletSelection,
+  promptNetworkSelection,
+  getWalletOrSigner,
+  getSupportedNetwork,
+  performDryRunWithConfirmation,
+  promptAddress,
+  supportedNetwork,
+} from '../../utils';
+import { TransactionReceipt } from 'ethers';
+
+export const command = 'deploy';
+
+export const describe = 'Deploys an Obligation Registry (TrustVCToken + ObligationEscrowFactory)';
+
+export const handler = async (): Promise<void> => {
+  try {
+    const answers = await promptForInputs();
+    if (!answers) return;
+
+    await deployObligationRegistryContract(answers);
+  } catch (err: unknown) {
+    error(err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err));
+  }
+};
+
+type DeployObligationRegistryCommand = {
+  registryName: string;
+  registrySymbol: string;
+  escrowFactoryAddress?: string;
+  network: string;
+  encryptedWalletPath?: string;
+  key?: string;
+  keyFile?: string;
+  maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: number;
+};
+
+export const promptForInputs = async (): Promise<DeployObligationRegistryCommand> => {
+  const network = await promptNetworkSelection();
+
+  const registryName = await input({
+    message: 'Enter the name of the obligation registry:',
+    required: true,
+    validate: (value: string) => {
+      if (!value || value.trim() === '') {
+        return 'Registry name is required';
+      }
+      return true;
+    },
+  });
+
+  const registrySymbol = await input({
+    message: 'Enter the symbol of the obligation registry:',
+    required: true,
+    validate: (value: string) => {
+      if (!value || value.trim() === '') {
+        return 'Registry symbol is required';
+      }
+      return true;
+    },
+  });
+
+  const reuseFactory = await confirm({
+    message: 'Reuse an existing ObligationEscrowFactory address?',
+    default: false,
+  });
+
+  const escrowFactoryAddress = reuseFactory
+    ? await promptAddress('ObligationEscrowFactory', 'optional', true)
+    : undefined;
+
+  const { encryptedWalletPath, key, keyFile } = await promptWalletSelection();
+
+  const baseResult = {
+    network,
+    registryName,
+    registrySymbol,
+    escrowFactoryAddress,
+    maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+  };
+
+  if (encryptedWalletPath) {
+    return { ...baseResult, encryptedWalletPath } as DeployObligationRegistryCommand;
+  }
+  if (keyFile) {
+    return { ...baseResult, keyFile } as DeployObligationRegistryCommand;
+  }
+  if (key) {
+    return { ...baseResult, key } as DeployObligationRegistryCommand;
+  }
+  return baseResult as DeployObligationRegistryCommand;
+};
+
+export const deployObligationRegistryContract = async ({
+  network,
+  registryName,
+  registrySymbol,
+  escrowFactoryAddress,
+  ...rest
+}: DeployObligationRegistryCommand) => {
+  try {
+    const wallet = await getWalletOrSigner({ network, ...rest });
+    const chainId = supportedNetwork[network as NetworkCmdName].networkId;
+
+    const shouldProceed = await performDryRunWithConfirmation({
+      network,
+      getTransactionCallback: async () => ({
+        to: await wallet.getAddress(),
+        data: '0x',
+        from: await wallet.getAddress(),
+        value: 0n,
+      }),
+    });
+
+    if (!shouldProceed) {
+      process.exit(0);
+    }
+
+    info(`Deploying obligation registry ${registryName}`);
+
+    const result = await deployObligationRegistry(registryName, registrySymbol, wallet, {
+      chainId: getSupportedNetwork(network).networkId as unknown as CHAIN_ID,
+      escrowFactoryAddress,
+    });
+
+    displayTransactionPrice(result.receipt as any, network as NetworkCmdName);
+
+    const { hash } = result.receipt as unknown as TransactionReceipt;
+    success(`Obligation registry ${registryName} deployed at ${result.obligationRegistry}`);
+    info(`ObligationEscrowFactory: ${result.obligationEscrowFactoryAddress}`);
+    info(`Obligation Registry: ${result.obligationRegistry}`);
+    info(
+      `Use this Obligation Registry address as credentialStatus.obligationRegistry in your document before signing and minting.`,
+    );
+    info(`Find more details at ${getEtherscanAddress({ network })}/tx/${hash}`);
+    info(`Chain ID used: ${chainId}`);
+
+    return result.obligationRegistry;
+  } catch (e) {
+    error(getErrorMessage(e));
+  }
+};
diff --git a/src/commands/obligation-registry/index.ts b/src/commands/obligation-registry/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ac0d6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/commands/obligation-registry/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import { Argv } from 'yargs';
+
+export const command = 'obligation-registry <method>';
+
+export const describe =
+  'Invoke a function over an Obligation Registry (BoE / TrustVCToken) smart contract';
+
+export const builder = (yargs: Argv): Argv =>
+  yargs.commandDir(__dirname, { extensions: ['ts', 'js'] });
+
+export const handler = (): void => {};
diff --git a/src/commands/obligation-registry/mint.ts b/src/commands/obligation-registry/mint.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9997df1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/commands/obligation-registry/mint.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+import signale, { error, info, success } from 'signale';
+import { ObligationRegistryMintCommand } from '../../types';
+import {
+  addAddressPrefix,
+  displayTransactionPrice,
+  getErrorMessage,
+  getEtherscanAddress,
+  NetworkCmdName,
+  promptWalletSelection,
+  getWalletOrSigner,
+  canEstimateGasPrice,
+  getGasFees,
+  extractObligationDocumentInfo,
+  promptAndReadDocument,
+  promptRemark,
+  promptAddress,
+  performDryRunWithConfirmation,
+  verifyDocumentSignature,
+} from '../../utils';
+import { connectToObligationRegistry, validateAndEncryptRemark } from '../helpers';
+import { TransactionReceipt } from 'ethers';
+import { mintObligationRegistry } from '@trustvc/trustvc';
+
+export const command = 'mint';
+
+export const describe = 'Mint a tokenId to an Obligation Registry deployed on the blockchain';
+
+export const handler = async (): Promise<void> => {
+  try {
+    const answers = await promptForInputs();
+    if (!answers) return;
+
+    await mintObligationToken(answers);
+  } catch (err: unknown) {
+    error(err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err));
+  }
+};
+
+export const promptForInputs = async (): Promise<ObligationRegistryMintCommand> => {
+  const document = await promptAndReadDocument();
+  await verifyDocumentSignature(document);
+
+  const { obligationRegistry, tokenId, network, documentId } =
+    await extractObligationDocumentInfo(document);
+
+  const beneficiary = await promptAddress('beneficiary', 'initial recipient');
+  const holder = await promptAddress('holder', 'initial holder');
+  const { encryptedWalletPath, key, keyFile } = await promptWalletSelection();
+  const remark = await promptRemark('v5');
+  const encryptionKey = documentId;
+
+  const baseResult = {
+    network,
+    address: obligationRegistry,
+    tokenId,
+    beneficiary,
+    holder,
+    remark,
+    encryptionKey,
+    maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+  };
+
+  if (encryptedWalletPath) {
+    return { ...baseResult, encryptedWalletPath } as ObligationRegistryMintCommand;
+  }
+  if (keyFile) {
+    return { ...baseResult, keyFile } as ObligationRegistryMintCommand;
+  }
+  if (key) {
+    return { ...baseResult, key } as ObligationRegistryMintCommand;
+  }
+  return baseResult as ObligationRegistryMintCommand;
+};
+
+export const mintObligationToken = async (args: ObligationRegistryMintCommand) => {
+  try {
+    info(
+      `Issuing ${args.tokenId} to recipient ${args.beneficiary} and holder ${args.holder} in obligation registry ${args.address}`,
+    );
+
+    const transaction = await mintToObligationRegistry({
+      ...args,
+      tokenId: addAddressPrefix(args.tokenId),
+    });
+
+    displayTransactionPrice(transaction as any, args.network as NetworkCmdName);
+    success(
+      `Token ${args.tokenId} minted on obligation registry ${args.address} (beneficiary ${args.beneficiary}, holder ${args.holder})`,
+    );
+    info(
+      `Find more details at ${getEtherscanAddress({ network: args.network })}/tx/${transaction.hash}`,
+    );
+    return args.address;
+  } catch (e) {
+    error(getErrorMessage(e));
+  }
+};
+
+const mintToObligationRegistry = async ({
+  address,
+  beneficiary,
+  holder,
+  tokenId,
+  remark,
+  encryptionKey,
+  network,
+  ...rest
+}: ObligationRegistryMintCommand): Promise<TransactionReceipt> => {
+  const wallet = await getWalletOrSigner({ network, ...rest });
+
+  const shouldProceed = await performDryRunWithConfirmation({
+    network,
+    getTransactionCallback: async () => {
+      const registry = await connectToObligationRegistry({ address, wallet });
+      const encryptedRemark = validateAndEncryptRemark(remark, encryptionKey);
+      const tx = await registry.mint.populateTransaction(
+        beneficiary,
+        holder,
+        tokenId,
+        encryptedRemark,
+      );
+      return { ...tx, from: await wallet.getAddress() };
+    },
+  });
+
+  if (!shouldProceed) {
+    process.exit(0);
+  }
+
+  let transaction;
+  if (canEstimateGasPrice(network)) {
+    if (!wallet.provider) {
+      throw new Error('Provider is required for gas estimation');
+    }
+    const gasFees = await getGasFees({ provider: wallet.provider, ...rest });
+    transaction = await mintObligationRegistry(
+      { obligationRegistryAddress: address },
+      wallet,
+      { beneficiaryAddress: beneficiary, holderAddress: holder, tokenId, remarks: remark },
+      {
+        id: encryptionKey,
+        maxFeePerGas: gasFees.maxFeePerGas?.toString(),
+        maxPriorityFeePerGas: gasFees.maxPriorityFeePerGas?.toString(),
+      },
+    );
+  } else {
+    transaction = await mintObligationRegistry(
+      { obligationRegistryAddress: address },
+      wallet,
+      { beneficiaryAddress: beneficiary, holderAddress: holder, tokenId, remarks: remark },
+      { id: encryptionKey },
+    );
+  }
+
+  signale.await(`Waiting for transaction ${transaction.hash} to be mined`);
+  const receipt = (await transaction.wait()) as unknown as TransactionReceipt;
+  if (!receipt) {
+    throw new Error('Transaction receipt not found');
+  }
+  return receipt;
+};
diff --git a/src/commands/verify.ts b/src/commands/verify.ts
index 0220349..25d9084 100644
--- a/src/commands/verify.ts
+++ b/src/commands/verify.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import {
   getChainId,
   getDocumentData,
   isDocumentRevokable,
+  isObligationRecord,
   isTransferableRecord,
   isWrappedV2Document,
   isWrappedV3Document,
@@ -24,8 +25,37 @@ import signale from 'signale';
 import type { Provider as V5Provider } from '@ethersproject/providers';
 import { FragmentType } from '../types';
 
+const OBLIGATION_RECORDS_FRAGMENT = 'ObligationRecords';
+
+type ObligationDocumentStatusInfo = {
+  obligationRegistry: string;
+  status?: number;
+  terminationReason?: number;
+};
+
+/** Extract obligation registry info from a VALID ObligationRecords verify fragment. */
+export const getObligationDocumentStatus = (
+  fragments: VerificationFragment[],
+): ObligationDocumentStatusInfo | null => {
+  const fragment = fragments.find((f) => f.name === OBLIGATION_RECORDS_FRAGMENT);
+  if (!fragment || fragment.status !== 'VALID') return null;
+
+  const data = (
+    fragment as {
+      data?: { obligationRegistry?: string; status?: number; terminationReason?: number };
+    }
+  ).data;
+  if (!data?.obligationRegistry) return null;
+
+  return {
+    obligationRegistry: data.obligationRegistry,
+    status: data.status,
+    terminationReason: data.terminationReason,
+  };
+};
+
 export const command = 'verify';
-export const describe = 'Verify a document signed using w3c or OpenAttestation';
+export const describe = 'Verify a W3C or OpenAttestation document (ETR, BoE, or revocable VC)';
 
 export const handler = async () => {
   try {
@@ -69,6 +99,18 @@ export const verify = async (signedVC: SignedVerifiableCredential) => {
   logResultStatus(getResultFromFragment(FragmentType.DOCUMENT_INTEGRITY, result));
   logResultStatus(getResultFromFragment(FragmentType.DOCUMENT_STATUS, result));
   logResultStatus(getResultFromFragment(FragmentType.ISSUER_IDENTITY, result));
+
+  const obligationStatus = getObligationDocumentStatus(result);
+  if (obligationStatus) {
+    const parts = [`registry=${obligationStatus.obligationRegistry}`];
+    if (obligationStatus.status !== undefined) {
+      parts.push(`status=${obligationStatus.status}`);
+    }
+    if (obligationStatus.terminationReason !== undefined) {
+      parts.push(`terminationReason=${obligationStatus.terminationReason}`);
+    }
+    signale.info(`Obligation document status: ${parts.join(' ')}`);
+  }
 };
 
 // ==== Helper Functions ====
@@ -80,8 +122,13 @@ const verifyW3CDocument = async (
 
   // To capture the console.warn from trustvc function
   const { result: isTransferable } = CaptureConsoleWarn(() => isTransferableRecord(signedVC));
+  const isObligation = isObligationRecord(signedVC);
   const isRevokable = isDocumentRevokable(signedVC);
-  const requiresNetwork = isTransferable || isRevokable;
+  const requiresNetwork = isTransferable || isObligation || isRevokable;
+
+  if (isObligation) {
+    signale.info('Verifying obligation / BoE document...');
+  }
 
   // If the document is not transferable or revokable, verify directly
   // To capture the console.warn from trustvc function
@@ -99,6 +146,12 @@ const verifyW3CDocument = async (
     signale.warn(`${err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)}`);
   }
 
+  const networkName = await promptNetworkSelection();
+  const provider = getSupportedNetwork(networkName).provider() as unknown as V5Provider;
+  if (provider) {
+    return await CaptureConsoleWarnAsync(() => verifyDocument(signedVC, { provider }));
+  }
+
   // Fallback: Verify without provider
   return await CaptureConsoleWarnAsync(() => verifyDocument(signedVC));
 };
diff --git a/src/types.ts b/src/types.ts
index 9b58676..d15108d 100644
--- a/src/types.ts
+++ b/src/types.ts
@@ -102,6 +102,39 @@ export type TitleEscrowNominateBeneficiaryCommand = BaseTitleEscrowCommand & {
   newBeneficiary: string;
 };
 
+export type ObligationRegistryMintCommand = NetworkOption &
+  Partial<RpcUrlOption> &
+  WalletOrSignerOption &
+  GasPriceScale & {
+    address: string;
+    beneficiary: string;
+    holder: string;
+    tokenId: string;
+    remark?: string;
+    encryptionKey?: string;
+  };
+
+export type BaseObligationEscrowCommand = NetworkAndWalletSignerOption &
+  GasPriceScale & {
+    obligationRegistryAddress: string;
+    tokenId: string;
+    remark?: string;
+    encryptionKey?: string;
+  };
+
+export type ObligationEscrowTransferHolderCommand = BaseObligationEscrowCommand & {
+  newHolder: string;
+};
+
+export type ObligationEscrowEndorseTransferOfOwnersCommand = BaseObligationEscrowCommand & {
+  newHolder: string;
+  newOwner: string;
+};
+
+export type ObligationEscrowNominateBeneficiaryCommand = BaseObligationEscrowCommand & {
+  newBeneficiary: string;
+};
+
 export type EncryptWalletCommand = PrivateKeyOption & {
   outputFile: string;
 };
diff --git a/src/utils/cli-errors.ts b/src/utils/cli-errors.ts
index 9a8a400..28f29a5 100644
--- a/src/utils/cli-errors.ts
+++ b/src/utils/cli-errors.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-// CLI error helpers: turn caught errors into clear messages for the user.
+/**
+ * Shared helpers for decoding ethers CALL_EXCEPTION / custom errors into
+ * clear CLI messages (gas estimation often leaves revert.name unset).
+ */
 
 export type ErrnoException = NodeJS.ErrnoException;
 
@@ -11,6 +14,250 @@ export type CliErrorOptions = {
 
 const DEFAULT_PATH_PLACEHOLDER = 'the specified path';
 
+/** Known on-chain custom errors → actionable CLI guidance. */
+const KNOWN_REVERT_MESSAGES: Record<string, string> = {
+  OwnerHolderMustDiffer:
+    'Beneficiary (owner) and holder must be different wallets before accept/reject can run. Remint with different beneficiary and holder addresses.',
+  CallerNotBeneficiary: 'Connected wallet is not the beneficiary for this obligation.',
+  CallerNotHolder: 'Connected wallet is not the holder for this obligation.',
+  NotRegistered: "This token ID hasn't been minted on this registry yet.",
+  RemarkLengthExceeded: 'The remark is too long. Shorten it and try again.',
+  RegistryContractPaused: 'This registry is paused — unpause it before continuing.',
+  InactiveTitleEscrow: 'This obligation escrow is inactive.',
+  TitleEscrowNotHoldingToken: 'This escrow is not holding the token.',
+  DualRoleRejectionRequired:
+    'Both beneficiary and holder roles are required to reject this transfer.',
+  TokenNotReturnedToIssuer: 'Token must be returned to issuer before this action.',
+  RecipientAlreadyHolder: 'Recipient is already the holder.',
+  InvalidNominee: 'The nominee address is invalid.',
+  InvalidTransferToZeroAddress: 'Cannot transfer to the zero address.',
+  NomineeAlreadyNominated: 'This nominee is already nominated.',
+  TargetNomineeAlreadyBeneficiary: 'The nominee is already the beneficiary.',
+  AlreadyRegistered: 'This token ID is already minted on this registry.',
+  TokenExists: 'This token ID already exists on this registry.',
+  AccessControlUnauthorizedAccount: 'Connected wallet is not authorized for this action.',
+  CallerNotMinter: 'Connected wallet does not hold MINTER_ROLE on this registry.',
+  InvalidStatusTransition: 'This action is not allowed from the current obligation status.',
+  EmptyReceivingData: 'Receiving data was empty.',
+  InvalidTokenId: 'The token ID is invalid.',
+  InvalidRegistry: 'The registry address is invalid.',
+};
+
+/**
+ * keccak256 selectors for no-arg / known signatures. Gas estimation often returns
+ * only `data: 0x<selector>` with shortMessage "execution reverted (unknown custom error)".
+ */
+const REVERT_SELECTOR_TO_NAME: Record<string, string> = {
+  '0x7e288225': 'OwnerHolderMustDiffer',
+  '0xf52018ac': 'CallerNotBeneficiary',
+  '0x667b3fbf': 'CallerNotHolder',
+  '0xaba47339': 'NotRegistered',
+  '0x14086584': 'RemarkLengthExceeded',
+  '0xad49811c': 'RegistryContractPaused',
+  '0x7c339b19': 'InactiveTitleEscrow',
+  '0x2fd39523': 'TitleEscrowNotHoldingToken',
+  '0x8c90bf45': 'DualRoleRejectionRequired',
+  '0xd5475a0b': 'TokenNotReturnedToIssuer',
+  '0x702e6e62': 'RecipientAlreadyHolder',
+  '0x1c98cac3': 'InvalidNominee',
+  '0x2c75c45a': 'InvalidTransferToZeroAddress',
+  '0x98f83ce8': 'NomineeAlreadyNominated',
+  '0xdd9f921d': 'TargetNomineeAlreadyBeneficiary',
+  '0x3a81d6fc': 'AlreadyRegistered',
+  '0x55c7e8ba': 'TokenExists',
+  '0x10daa94f': 'EmptyReceivingData',
+  '0xe3962ba3': 'InvalidStatusTransition',
+  '0xed15e6cf': 'InvalidTokenId',
+  '0x540b9601': 'InvalidRegistry',
+  '0xbd805e91': 'InvalidTokenTransferToZeroAddressOwners',
+  '0xe2517d3f': 'AccessControlUnauthorizedAccount',
+  '0x5eee367a': 'CallerNotMinter',
+};
+
+const UNKNOWN_CUSTOM_ERROR = /unknown custom error/i;
+
+/** Solidity custom errors are PascalCase identifiers (e.g. OwnerHolderMustDiffer). */
+const SOLIDITY_CUSTOM_ERROR_NAME = /^[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9_]*$/;
+
+const isKnownRevertName = (label: string): boolean =>
+  label in KNOWN_REVERT_MESSAGES || Object.values(REVERT_SELECTOR_TO_NAME).includes(label);
+
+type EthersCallException = {
+  reason?: unknown;
+  shortMessage?: unknown;
+  message?: unknown;
+  revert?: { name?: unknown };
+  errorName?: unknown;
+  code?: unknown;
+  data?: unknown;
+  info?: { error?: { data?: unknown; message?: unknown } };
+  error?: { data?: unknown; message?: unknown };
+};
+
+const asEthersError = (value: unknown): EthersCallException | null =>
+  typeof value === 'object' && value !== null ? (value as EthersCallException) : null;
+
+const normalizeLabel = (raw: string): string | undefined => {
+  const cleaned = raw.trim().replace(/\(\)$/, '');
+  if (!cleaned || UNKNOWN_CUSTOM_ERROR.test(cleaned) || cleaned === '(unknown custom error)') {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  // Drop leading junk like ": OwnerHolderMustDiffer" or parentheses wrappers
+  const ident = cleaned.match(/([A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9_]*)/);
+  return ident?.[1];
+};
+
+/** Labels after generic "failed:" — only known reverts or Solidity-shaped names. */
+const acceptFailedSuffixLabel = (raw: string): string | undefined => {
+  const label = normalizeLabel(raw);
+  if (!label) return undefined;
+  if (isKnownRevertName(label) || SOLIDITY_CUSTOM_ERROR_NAME.test(label)) return label;
+  return undefined;
+};
+
+const labelFromWrappedMessage = (message: string): string | undefined => {
+  const fromContract = message.match(/Contract reverted with\s+([A-Za-z0-9_]+)/);
+  if (fromContract?.[1]) {
+    const label = normalizeLabel(fromContract[1]);
+    if (label) return label;
+  }
+  const fromFailed = message.match(/failed:\s*([A-Za-z0-9_]+)/);
+  if (fromFailed?.[1]) {
+    return acceptFailedSuffixLabel(fromFailed[1]);
+  }
+  return undefined;
+};
+
+const collectPossibleData = (err: EthersCallException): string[] => {
+  const values: unknown[] = [err.data, err.info?.error?.data, err.error?.data];
+  const out: string[] = [];
+  for (const v of values) {
+    if (typeof v === 'string' && /^0x[0-9a-fA-F]+$/i.test(v)) {
+      out.push(v.toLowerCase());
+    } else if (typeof v === 'object' && v !== null && 'data' in v) {
+      const nested = (v as { data?: unknown }).data;
+      if (typeof nested === 'string' && /^0x[0-9a-fA-F]+$/i.test(nested)) {
+        out.push(nested.toLowerCase());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return out;
+};
+
+const labelFromRevertData = (err: EthersCallException): string | undefined => {
+  for (const data of collectPossibleData(err)) {
+    if (data === '0x') continue;
+    const selector = data.slice(0, 10);
+    if (REVERT_SELECTOR_TO_NAME[selector]) {
+      return REVERT_SELECTOR_TO_NAME[selector];
+    }
+  }
+  return undefined;
+};
+
+export function extractContractRevertLabel(error: unknown): string | undefined {
+  const err = asEthersError(error);
+  if (!err) {
+    if (error instanceof Error) {
+      const fromExec = error.message.match(/execution reverted:\s*([A-Za-z0-9_]+)/);
+      if (fromExec?.[1]) {
+        const label = normalizeLabel(fromExec[1]);
+        if (label) return label;
+      }
+      return labelFromWrappedMessage(error.message);
+    }
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  const revertName = err.revert?.name ?? err.errorName;
+  if (typeof revertName === 'string') {
+    const label = normalizeLabel(revertName);
+    if (label) return label;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof err.reason === 'string') {
+    const label = normalizeLabel(err.reason);
+    if (label) return label;
+  }
+
+  // Prefer selector decoding before shortMessage — gas estimate often only has
+  // "execution reverted (unknown custom error)" + data: 0x7e288225
+  const fromData = labelFromRevertData(err);
+  if (fromData) return fromData;
+
+  if (typeof err.shortMessage === 'string' && err.shortMessage.trim()) {
+    if (!UNKNOWN_CUSTOM_ERROR.test(err.shortMessage)) {
+      const match = err.shortMessage.match(/execution reverted(?::\s*)?(.+)?/i);
+      if (match?.[1]) {
+        const label = normalizeLabel(match[1]);
+        if (label) return label;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (typeof err.message === 'string') {
+    const custom = err.message.match(/execution reverted:\s*([A-Za-z0-9_]+)/);
+    if (custom?.[1]) {
+      const label = normalizeLabel(custom[1]);
+      if (label) return label;
+    }
+    const wrapped = labelFromWrappedMessage(err.message);
+    if (wrapped) return wrapped;
+  }
+
+  return undefined;
+}
+
+/** True when the failure is a definitive on-chain revert (not a transient gas/RPC issue). */
+export function isContractCallException(error: unknown): boolean {
+  const err = asEthersError(error);
+  if (!err) {
+    if (error instanceof Error && /Pre-check .* failed:/i.test(error.message)) {
+      return Boolean(extractContractRevertLabel(error));
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (err.code === 'CALL_EXCEPTION') return true;
+  if (err.revert?.name || err.errorName) return true;
+  if (labelFromRevertData(err)) return true;
+  return Boolean(extractContractRevertLabel(error));
+}
+
+/** Maps ethers / contract errors to a short user-facing message. */
+export function describeContractError(error: unknown): string {
+  const label = extractContractRevertLabel(error);
+  if (label && KNOWN_REVERT_MESSAGES[label]) {
+    return `${label}: ${KNOWN_REVERT_MESSAGES[label]}`;
+  }
+  if (label) {
+    return `Contract reverted with ${label}`;
+  }
+
+  const err = asEthersError(error);
+  if (err) {
+    // Never surface the useless ethers placeholder as the final message
+    if (
+      typeof err.shortMessage === 'string' &&
+      err.shortMessage.trim() &&
+      !UNKNOWN_CUSTOM_ERROR.test(err.shortMessage)
+    ) {
+      return err.shortMessage;
+    }
+    if (typeof err.reason === 'string' && err.reason.trim()) {
+      return err.reason;
+    }
+    if (typeof err.message === 'string' && err.message.trim()) {
+      return err.message.split('\n')[0]!;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (error instanceof Error && error.message) {
+    return error.message.split('\n')[0]!;
+  }
+
+  return String(error);
+}
+
 export function isErrnoException(err: unknown): err is ErrnoException {
   return (
     typeof err === 'object' &&
diff --git a/src/utils/cli-options.ts b/src/utils/cli-options.ts
index 456bfba..652cd1e 100644
--- a/src/utils/cli-options.ts
+++ b/src/utils/cli-options.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ import { readDocumentFile } from './file-io';
 import { getTokenRegistryAddress, getTokenId, getChainId } from '@trustvc/trustvc';
 import fs from 'fs';
 import { getTokenRegistryVersion } from '../commands/helpers';
-import { getErrorMessage } from './index';
+import { getErrorMessage } from './formatting';
+import { isContractCallException } from './cli-errors';
 import { dryRunMode } from './dryRun';
 
 export interface NetworkOption {
@@ -572,7 +573,16 @@ export const performDryRunWithConfirmation = async ({
     info('\n✅ Proceeding with transaction...');
     return true;
   } catch (estimateError) {
-    error(`Gas estimation failed: ${getErrorMessage(estimateError)}`);
+    const message = getErrorMessage(estimateError);
+    // Definitive on-chain reverts will never succeed if broadcast — abort instead of
+    // offering "proceed anyway" (which only dumps a larger callStatic stack next).
+    if (isContractCallException(estimateError)) {
+      error(`Transaction would revert: ${message}`);
+      info('Transaction cancelled.');
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    error(`Gas estimation failed: ${message}`);
     const proceedAnyway = await confirm({
       message: 'Gas estimation failed. Do you want to proceed anyway?',
       default: false,
diff --git a/src/utils/formatting.ts b/src/utils/formatting.ts
index dd7faf9..cbdd83b 100644
--- a/src/utils/formatting.ts
+++ b/src/utils/formatting.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import chalk from 'chalk';
+import { describeContractError, isContractCallException } from './cli-errors';
 
 export const addAddressPrefix = (address: string): string =>
   address.startsWith('0x') ? address : `0x${address}`;
@@ -33,11 +34,27 @@ const toErrorWithMessage = function (maybeError: unknown): ErrorWithMessage {
 export const extractErrorMessage = (error: unknown): string => toErrorWithMessage(error).message;
 
 export const getErrorMessage = function (error: unknown): string {
+  // Prefer structured ethers / custom-error decoding over raw `reason` (often null).
+  if (isContractCallException(error)) {
+    return describeContractError(error);
+  }
+
   if (error instanceof Error) {
-    return 'reason' in error ? (error['reason'] as string) : error.message;
-  } else {
-    return extractErrorMessage(error);
+    const reason =
+      'reason' in error && typeof (error as { reason?: unknown }).reason === 'string'
+        ? (error as { reason: string }).reason.trim()
+        : '';
+    if (reason) return reason;
+
+    // SDK may already wrap: "Pre-check for accept failed: OwnerHolderMustDiffer: ..."
+    if (/Pre-check .* failed:/i.test(error.message)) {
+      return describeContractError(error);
+    }
+
+    return error.message.split('\n')[0]!;
   }
+
+  return describeContractError(error) || extractErrorMessage(error);
 };
 
 // Captures console.warn for a function to handle expected console.warn.
diff --git a/src/utils/index.ts b/src/utils/index.ts
index 081f499..3d83e77 100644
--- a/src/utils/index.ts
+++ b/src/utils/index.ts
@@ -30,3 +30,6 @@ export * from './dryRun';
 
 // Document Verification
 export * from './document-verification';
+
+// Obligation / BoE document helpers
+export * from './obligation-document';
diff --git a/src/utils/obligation-document.ts b/src/utils/obligation-document.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8298af5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/utils/obligation-document.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import { info } from 'signale';
+import {
+  getObligationRegistryAddress,
+  getTokenId,
+  getChainId,
+  isObligationRecord,
+} from '@trustvc/trustvc';
+import { SUPPORTED_CHAINS, CHAIN_ID } from './networks';
+
+/**
+ * Extracts obligation / BoE document fields. Fails for classic ETR (tokenRegistry-only) docs.
+ */
+export const extractObligationDocumentInfo = async (
+  document: any,
+): Promise<{
+  document: any;
+  obligationRegistry: string;
+  tokenId: string;
+  network: string;
+  documentId: string;
+}> => {
+  if (!isObligationRecord(document)) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Document is not an obligation / BoE record. Use classic token-registry / title-escrow commands for TransferableRecords with tokenRegistry.',
+    );
+  }
+
+  let obligationRegistry: string | undefined;
+  let tokenId: string | undefined;
+  let chainId: CHAIN_ID | undefined;
+
+  try {
+    obligationRegistry = getObligationRegistryAddress(document);
+    tokenId = getTokenId(document);
+    chainId = getChainId(document);
+  } catch (err) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Failed to extract obligation document information: ${err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)}`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (!obligationRegistry) {
+    throw new Error('Document does not contain a valid obligationRegistry address');
+  }
+  if (!tokenId) {
+    throw new Error('Document does not contain a valid token ID');
+  }
+  if (!chainId) {
+    throw new Error('Document does not contain a valid chain ID');
+  }
+  if (!(chainId in SUPPORTED_CHAINS)) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Unsupported chain ID in obligation document: ${chainId}. Use a BoE document on a supported network.`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  const network = SUPPORTED_CHAINS[chainId].name;
+  const documentId = document.id || 'N/A';
+
+  info(`Extracted from obligation document:`);
+  info(`  Network: ${network} (Chain ID: ${chainId})`);
+  info(`  Obligation Registry: ${obligationRegistry}`);
+  info(`  Token ID: ${tokenId}`);
+  info(`  Document ID: ${documentId}`);
+
+  return {
+    document,
+    obligationRegistry,
+    tokenId,
+    network,
+    documentId,
+  };
+};
diff --git a/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/accept-return-to-issuer.test.ts b/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/accept-return-to-issuer.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b175b05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/accept-return-to-issuer.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, MockedFunction, vi } from 'vitest';
+import {
+  acceptReturnedHandler,
+  promptForInputs,
+} from '../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/accept-return-to-issuer';
+import { NetworkCmdName } from '../../../src/utils';
+
+vi.mock('signale', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const originalSignale = await importOriginal<typeof import('signale')>();
+  return {
+    ...originalSignale,
+    Signale: class MockSignale {
+      await = vi.fn();
+      success = vi.fn();
+      error = vi.fn();
+      info = vi.fn();
+      warn = vi.fn();
+      constructor() {}
+    },
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    success: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+    await: vi.fn(),
+    default: {
+      await: vi.fn(),
+      success: vi.fn(),
+      error: vi.fn(),
+      info: vi.fn(),
+      warn: vi.fn(),
+    },
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('@trustvc/trustvc', async () => {
+  const actual = await vi.importActual<typeof import('@trustvc/trustvc')>('@trustvc/trustvc');
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    acceptReturnedObligationRegistry: vi.fn(),
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/shared', () => ({
+  promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+    network: 'amoy',
+    obligationRegistryAddress: '0xRegistry',
+    tokenId: '0x1',
+    remark: 'ok',
+    encryptionKey: 'doc-id',
+    key: '0xabc',
+    maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+  }),
+}));
+
+const { burnPopulateTransaction, escrowAcceptReturned } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  burnPopulateTransaction: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ to: '0xRegistry', data: '0xburn' }),
+  escrowAcceptReturned: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/commands/helpers', () => ({
+  connectToObligationEscrow: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+    // The escrow contract intentionally has no acceptReturned method: burning
+    // a returned title happens on the registry, not the escrow.
+    acceptReturned: escrowAcceptReturned,
+  }),
+  connectToObligationRegistry: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+    burn: { populateTransaction: burnPopulateTransaction },
+  }),
+  validateAndEncryptRemark: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('0xencrypted'),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/utils', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import('../../../src/utils')>();
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    getWalletOrSigner: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      getAddress: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue('0xFrom'),
+      provider: {},
+    }),
+    getSupportedNetwork: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({ networkId: 80002 }),
+    canEstimateGasPrice: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
+    performDryRunWithConfirmation: vi.fn(async ({ getTransactionCallback }) => {
+      await getTransactionCallback();
+      return true;
+    }),
+    displayTransactionPrice: vi.fn(),
+    getEtherscanAddress: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('https://amoy.polygonscan.com'),
+    getErrorMessage: (e: unknown) => (e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e)),
+  };
+});
+
+describe('obligation-escrow/accept-return-to-issuer', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => vi.clearAllMocks());
+
+  it('promptForInputs uses shared obligation prompts', async () => {
+    const result = await promptForInputs();
+    expect(result.obligationRegistryAddress).toBe('0xRegistry');
+  });
+
+  it('dry-run populates burn() on the registry contract, not the escrow', async () => {
+    const trustvc = await import('@trustvc/trustvc');
+    (trustvc.acceptReturnedObligationRegistry as MockedFunction<any>).mockResolvedValue({
+      hash: '0xaccept-return',
+      wait: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ hash: '0xaccept-return' }),
+    });
+
+    await acceptReturnedHandler({
+      network: NetworkCmdName.Amoy,
+      obligationRegistryAddress: '0xRegistry',
+      tokenId: '0x1',
+      remark: 'ok',
+      encryptionKey: 'doc-id',
+      key: '0xabc',
+      maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+    });
+
+    expect(burnPopulateTransaction).toHaveBeenCalledWith('0x1', '0xencrypted');
+    expect(escrowAcceptReturned).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(trustvc.acceptReturnedObligationRegistry).toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/accept.test.ts b/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/accept.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..231bf3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/accept.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, MockedFunction, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { acceptHandler, promptForInputs } from '../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/accept';
+import { NetworkCmdName } from '../../../src/utils';
+
+vi.mock('signale', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const originalSignale = await importOriginal<typeof import('signale')>();
+  return {
+    ...originalSignale,
+    Signale: class MockSignale {
+      await = vi.fn();
+      success = vi.fn();
+      error = vi.fn();
+      info = vi.fn();
+      warn = vi.fn();
+      constructor() {}
+    },
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    success: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+    await: vi.fn(),
+    default: {
+      await: vi.fn(),
+      success: vi.fn(),
+      error: vi.fn(),
+      info: vi.fn(),
+      warn: vi.fn(),
+    },
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('@trustvc/trustvc', async () => {
+  const actual = await vi.importActual<typeof import('@trustvc/trustvc')>('@trustvc/trustvc');
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    acceptObligationRegistry: vi.fn(),
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/shared', () => ({
+  promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+    network: 'amoy',
+    obligationRegistryAddress: '0xRegistry',
+    tokenId: '0x1',
+    remark: 'ok',
+    encryptionKey: 'doc-id',
+    key: '0xabc',
+    maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+  }),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/runTx', () => ({
+  runObligationEscrowTx: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ hash: '0xaccept' }),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/utils', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import('../../../src/utils')>();
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    displayTransactionPrice: vi.fn(),
+    getEtherscanAddress: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('https://amoy.polygonscan.com'),
+    getErrorMessage: (e: unknown) => (e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e)),
+  };
+});
+
+describe('obligation-escrow/accept', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => vi.clearAllMocks());
+
+  it('promptForInputs uses shared obligation prompts', async () => {
+    const result = await promptForInputs();
+    expect(result.obligationRegistryAddress).toBe('0xRegistry');
+  });
+
+  it('acceptHandler runs SDK via runObligationEscrowTx', async () => {
+    const { runObligationEscrowTx } = await import('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/runTx');
+    await acceptHandler({
+      network: NetworkCmdName.Amoy,
+      obligationRegistryAddress: '0xRegistry',
+      tokenId: '0x1',
+      key: '0xabc',
+      maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+    });
+    expect(runObligationEscrowTx as MockedFunction<any>).toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/discharge.test.ts b/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/discharge.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a0c010
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/discharge.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, MockedFunction, vi } from 'vitest';
+import {
+  dischargeHandler,
+  promptForInputs,
+} from '../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/discharge';
+import { NetworkCmdName } from '../../../src/utils';
+
+vi.mock('signale', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const originalSignale = await importOriginal<typeof import('signale')>();
+  return {
+    ...originalSignale,
+    Signale: class MockSignale {
+      await = vi.fn();
+      success = vi.fn();
+      error = vi.fn();
+      info = vi.fn();
+      warn = vi.fn();
+      constructor() {}
+    },
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    success: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+    await: vi.fn(),
+    default: {
+      await: vi.fn(),
+      success: vi.fn(),
+      error: vi.fn(),
+      info: vi.fn(),
+      warn: vi.fn(),
+    },
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('@trustvc/trustvc', async () => {
+  const actual = await vi.importActual<typeof import('@trustvc/trustvc')>('@trustvc/trustvc');
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    dischargeObligationRegistry: vi.fn(),
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/shared', () => ({
+  promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+    network: 'amoy',
+    obligationRegistryAddress: '0xRegistry',
+    tokenId: '0x1',
+    remark: 'ok',
+    encryptionKey: 'doc-id',
+    key: '0xabc',
+    maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+  }),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/runTx', () => ({
+  runObligationEscrowTx: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ hash: '0xdischarge' }),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/utils', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import('../../../src/utils')>();
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    displayTransactionPrice: vi.fn(),
+    getEtherscanAddress: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('https://amoy.polygonscan.com'),
+    getErrorMessage: (e: unknown) => (e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e)),
+  };
+});
+
+describe('obligation-escrow/discharge', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => vi.clearAllMocks());
+
+  it('promptForInputs uses shared obligation prompts', async () => {
+    const result = await promptForInputs();
+    expect(result.obligationRegistryAddress).toBe('0xRegistry');
+  });
+
+  it('dischargeHandler runs SDK via runObligationEscrowTx', async () => {
+    const { runObligationEscrowTx } = await import('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/runTx');
+    await dischargeHandler({
+      network: NetworkCmdName.Amoy,
+      obligationRegistryAddress: '0xRegistry',
+      tokenId: '0x1',
+      key: '0xabc',
+      maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+    });
+    expect(runObligationEscrowTx as MockedFunction<any>).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        sdkParams: expect.objectContaining({ remarks: undefined }),
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/endorse-transfer-owner.test.ts b/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/endorse-transfer-owner.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..deb6ba8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/endorse-transfer-owner.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, MockedFunction, vi } from 'vitest';
+import {
+  endorseHandler,
+  promptForInputs,
+} from '../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/endorse-transfer-owner';
+import { NetworkCmdName } from '../../../src/utils';
+
+vi.mock('signale', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const originalSignale = await importOriginal<typeof import('signale')>();
+  return {
+    ...originalSignale,
+    Signale: class MockSignale {
+      await = vi.fn();
+      success = vi.fn();
+      error = vi.fn();
+      info = vi.fn();
+      warn = vi.fn();
+      constructor() {}
+    },
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    success: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+    await: vi.fn(),
+    default: {
+      await: vi.fn(),
+      success: vi.fn(),
+      error: vi.fn(),
+      info: vi.fn(),
+      warn: vi.fn(),
+    },
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('@trustvc/trustvc', async () => {
+  const actual = await vi.importActual<typeof import('@trustvc/trustvc')>('@trustvc/trustvc');
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    transferBeneficiaryObligationRegistry: vi.fn(),
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/shared', () => ({
+  promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+    network: 'amoy',
+    obligationRegistryAddress: '0xRegistry',
+    tokenId: '0x1',
+    encryptionKey: 'doc-id',
+    key: '0xabc',
+    maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+  }),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/runTx', () => ({
+  runObligationEscrowTx: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ hash: '0xendorse' }),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/utils', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import('../../../src/utils')>();
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    promptAddress: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue('0xEndorsee0000000000000000000000000000001'),
+    displayTransactionPrice: vi.fn(),
+    getEtherscanAddress: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('https://amoy.polygonscan.com'),
+    getErrorMessage: (e: unknown) => (e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e)),
+  };
+});
+
+describe('obligation-escrow/endorse-transfer-owner', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => vi.clearAllMocks());
+
+  it('promptForInputs includes newBeneficiary', async () => {
+    const result = await promptForInputs();
+    expect(result.newBeneficiary).toBe('0xEndorsee0000000000000000000000000000001');
+  });
+
+  it('endorseHandler calls runObligationEscrowTx with beneficiary params', async () => {
+    const { runObligationEscrowTx } = await import('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/runTx');
+    await endorseHandler({
+      network: NetworkCmdName.Amoy,
+      obligationRegistryAddress: '0xRegistry',
+      tokenId: '0x1',
+      newBeneficiary: '0xEndorsee0000000000000000000000000000001',
+      key: '0xabc',
+      maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+    });
+    expect(runObligationEscrowTx as MockedFunction<any>).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        sdkParams: expect.objectContaining({
+          newBeneficiaryAddress: '0xEndorsee0000000000000000000000000000001',
+        }),
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/nominate-transfer-owner.test.ts b/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/nominate-transfer-owner.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3da87a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/nominate-transfer-owner.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, MockedFunction, vi } from 'vitest';
+import {
+  nominateHandler,
+  promptForInputs,
+} from '../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/nominate-transfer-owner';
+import { NetworkCmdName } from '../../../src/utils';
+
+vi.mock('signale', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const originalSignale = await importOriginal<typeof import('signale')>();
+  return {
+    ...originalSignale,
+    Signale: class MockSignale {
+      await = vi.fn();
+      success = vi.fn();
+      error = vi.fn();
+      info = vi.fn();
+      warn = vi.fn();
+      constructor() {}
+    },
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    success: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+    await: vi.fn(),
+    default: {
+      await: vi.fn(),
+      success: vi.fn(),
+      error: vi.fn(),
+      info: vi.fn(),
+      warn: vi.fn(),
+    },
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('@trustvc/trustvc', async () => {
+  const actual = await vi.importActual<typeof import('@trustvc/trustvc')>('@trustvc/trustvc');
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    nominateObligationRegistry: vi.fn(),
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/shared', () => ({
+  promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+    network: 'amoy',
+    obligationRegistryAddress: '0xRegistry',
+    tokenId: '0x1',
+    encryptionKey: 'doc-id',
+    key: '0xabc',
+    maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+  }),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/runTx', () => ({
+  runObligationEscrowTx: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ hash: '0xnominate' }),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/utils', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import('../../../src/utils')>();
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    promptAddress: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue('0xNominee00000000000000000000000000000001'),
+    displayTransactionPrice: vi.fn(),
+    getEtherscanAddress: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('https://amoy.polygonscan.com'),
+    getErrorMessage: (e: unknown) => (e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e)),
+  };
+});
+
+describe('obligation-escrow/nominate-transfer-owner', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => vi.clearAllMocks());
+
+  it('promptForInputs includes newBeneficiary', async () => {
+    const result = await promptForInputs();
+    expect(result.newBeneficiary).toBe('0xNominee00000000000000000000000000000001');
+  });
+
+  it('nominateHandler calls runObligationEscrowTx with nominee params', async () => {
+    const { runObligationEscrowTx } = await import('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/runTx');
+    await nominateHandler({
+      network: NetworkCmdName.Amoy,
+      obligationRegistryAddress: '0xRegistry',
+      tokenId: '0x1',
+      newBeneficiary: '0xNominee00000000000000000000000000000001',
+      key: '0xabc',
+      maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+    });
+    expect(runObligationEscrowTx as MockedFunction<any>).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        sdkParams: expect.objectContaining({
+          newBeneficiaryAddress: '0xNominee00000000000000000000000000000001',
+        }),
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/reject-return-to-issuer.test.ts b/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/reject-return-to-issuer.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83c6c2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/reject-return-to-issuer.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, MockedFunction, vi } from 'vitest';
+import {
+  rejectReturnedHandler,
+  promptForInputs,
+} from '../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/reject-return-to-issuer';
+import { NetworkCmdName } from '../../../src/utils';
+
+vi.mock('signale', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const originalSignale = await importOriginal<typeof import('signale')>();
+  return {
+    ...originalSignale,
+    Signale: class MockSignale {
+      await = vi.fn();
+      success = vi.fn();
+      error = vi.fn();
+      info = vi.fn();
+      warn = vi.fn();
+      constructor() {}
+    },
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    success: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+    await: vi.fn(),
+    default: {
+      await: vi.fn(),
+      success: vi.fn(),
+      error: vi.fn(),
+      info: vi.fn(),
+      warn: vi.fn(),
+    },
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('@trustvc/trustvc', async () => {
+  const actual = await vi.importActual<typeof import('@trustvc/trustvc')>('@trustvc/trustvc');
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    rejectReturnedObligationRegistry: vi.fn(),
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/shared', () => ({
+  promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+    network: 'amoy',
+    obligationRegistryAddress: '0xRegistry',
+    tokenId: '0x1',
+    remark: 'ok',
+    encryptionKey: 'doc-id',
+    key: '0xabc',
+    maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+  }),
+}));
+
+const { restorePopulateTransaction, escrowRejectReturned } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  restorePopulateTransaction: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ to: '0xRegistry', data: '0xrestore' }),
+  escrowRejectReturned: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/commands/helpers', () => ({
+  connectToObligationEscrow: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+    // The escrow contract intentionally has no rejectReturned method: restoring
+    // a returned title happens on the registry, not the escrow.
+    rejectReturned: escrowRejectReturned,
+  }),
+  connectToObligationRegistry: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+    restore: { populateTransaction: restorePopulateTransaction },
+  }),
+  validateAndEncryptRemark: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('0xencrypted'),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/utils', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import('../../../src/utils')>();
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    getWalletOrSigner: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      getAddress: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue('0xFrom'),
+      provider: {},
+    }),
+    getSupportedNetwork: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({ networkId: 80002 }),
+    canEstimateGasPrice: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
+    performDryRunWithConfirmation: vi.fn(async ({ getTransactionCallback }) => {
+      await getTransactionCallback();
+      return true;
+    }),
+    displayTransactionPrice: vi.fn(),
+    getEtherscanAddress: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('https://amoy.polygonscan.com'),
+    getErrorMessage: (e: unknown) => (e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e)),
+  };
+});
+
+describe('obligation-escrow/reject-return-to-issuer', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => vi.clearAllMocks());
+
+  it('promptForInputs uses shared obligation prompts', async () => {
+    const result = await promptForInputs();
+    expect(result.obligationRegistryAddress).toBe('0xRegistry');
+  });
+
+  it('dry-run populates restore() on the registry contract, not the escrow', async () => {
+    const trustvc = await import('@trustvc/trustvc');
+    (trustvc.rejectReturnedObligationRegistry as MockedFunction<any>).mockResolvedValue({
+      hash: '0xreject-return',
+      wait: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ hash: '0xreject-return' }),
+    });
+
+    await rejectReturnedHandler({
+      network: NetworkCmdName.Amoy,
+      obligationRegistryAddress: '0xRegistry',
+      tokenId: '0x1',
+      remark: 'ok',
+      encryptionKey: 'doc-id',
+      key: '0xabc',
+      maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+    });
+
+    expect(restorePopulateTransaction).toHaveBeenCalledWith('0x1', '0xencrypted');
+    expect(escrowRejectReturned).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(trustvc.rejectReturnedObligationRegistry).toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/reject-transfer-holder.test.ts b/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/reject-transfer-holder.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e596fe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/reject-transfer-holder.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, MockedFunction, vi } from 'vitest';
+import {
+  rejectTransferHolderHandler,
+  promptForInputs,
+} from '../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/reject-transfer-holder';
+import { NetworkCmdName } from '../../../src/utils';
+
+vi.mock('signale', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const originalSignale = await importOriginal<typeof import('signale')>();
+  return {
+    ...originalSignale,
+    Signale: class MockSignale {
+      await = vi.fn();
+      success = vi.fn();
+      error = vi.fn();
+      info = vi.fn();
+      warn = vi.fn();
+      constructor() {}
+    },
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    success: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+    await: vi.fn(),
+    default: {
+      await: vi.fn(),
+      success: vi.fn(),
+      error: vi.fn(),
+      info: vi.fn(),
+      warn: vi.fn(),
+    },
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('@trustvc/trustvc', async () => {
+  const actual = await vi.importActual<typeof import('@trustvc/trustvc')>('@trustvc/trustvc');
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    rejectTransferHolderObligationRegistry: vi.fn(),
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/shared', () => ({
+  promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+    network: 'amoy',
+    obligationRegistryAddress: '0xRegistry',
+    tokenId: '0x1',
+    remark: 'ok',
+    encryptionKey: 'doc-id',
+    key: '0xabc',
+    maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+  }),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/runTx', () => ({
+  runObligationEscrowTx: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ hash: '0xreject-transfer-holder' }),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/utils', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import('../../../src/utils')>();
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    displayTransactionPrice: vi.fn(),
+    getEtherscanAddress: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('https://amoy.polygonscan.com'),
+    getErrorMessage: (e: unknown) => (e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e)),
+  };
+});
+
+describe('obligation-escrow/reject-transfer-holder', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => vi.clearAllMocks());
+
+  it('promptForInputs uses shared obligation prompts', async () => {
+    const result = await promptForInputs();
+    expect(result.obligationRegistryAddress).toBe('0xRegistry');
+  });
+
+  it('rejectTransferHolderHandler runs SDK via runObligationEscrowTx', async () => {
+    const { runObligationEscrowTx } = await import('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/runTx');
+    await rejectTransferHolderHandler({
+      network: NetworkCmdName.Amoy,
+      obligationRegistryAddress: '0xRegistry',
+      tokenId: '0x1',
+      key: '0xabc',
+      maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+    });
+    expect(runObligationEscrowTx as MockedFunction<any>).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        sdkParams: expect.objectContaining({ remarks: undefined }),
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/reject-transfer-owner-holder.test.ts b/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/reject-transfer-owner-holder.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d01c1e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/reject-transfer-owner-holder.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, MockedFunction, vi } from 'vitest';
+import {
+  rejectTransferOwnersHandler,
+  promptForInputs,
+} from '../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/reject-transfer-owner-holder';
+import { NetworkCmdName } from '../../../src/utils';
+
+vi.mock('signale', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const originalSignale = await importOriginal<typeof import('signale')>();
+  return {
+    ...originalSignale,
+    Signale: class MockSignale {
+      await = vi.fn();
+      success = vi.fn();
+      error = vi.fn();
+      info = vi.fn();
+      warn = vi.fn();
+      constructor() {}
+    },
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    success: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+    await: vi.fn(),
+    default: {
+      await: vi.fn(),
+      success: vi.fn(),
+      error: vi.fn(),
+      info: vi.fn(),
+      warn: vi.fn(),
+    },
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('@trustvc/trustvc', async () => {
+  const actual = await vi.importActual<typeof import('@trustvc/trustvc')>('@trustvc/trustvc');
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    rejectTransferOwnersObligationRegistry: vi.fn(),
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/shared', () => ({
+  promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+    network: 'amoy',
+    obligationRegistryAddress: '0xRegistry',
+    tokenId: '0x1',
+    remark: 'ok',
+    encryptionKey: 'doc-id',
+    key: '0xabc',
+    maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+  }),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/runTx', () => ({
+  runObligationEscrowTx: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ hash: '0xreject-transfer-owner-holder' }),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/utils', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import('../../../src/utils')>();
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    displayTransactionPrice: vi.fn(),
+    getEtherscanAddress: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('https://amoy.polygonscan.com'),
+    getErrorMessage: (e: unknown) => (e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e)),
+  };
+});
+
+describe('obligation-escrow/reject-transfer-owner-holder', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => vi.clearAllMocks());
+
+  it('promptForInputs uses shared obligation prompts', async () => {
+    const result = await promptForInputs();
+    expect(result.obligationRegistryAddress).toBe('0xRegistry');
+  });
+
+  it('rejectTransferOwnersHandler runs SDK via runObligationEscrowTx', async () => {
+    const { runObligationEscrowTx } = await import('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/runTx');
+    await rejectTransferOwnersHandler({
+      network: NetworkCmdName.Amoy,
+      obligationRegistryAddress: '0xRegistry',
+      tokenId: '0x1',
+      key: '0xabc',
+      maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+    });
+    expect(runObligationEscrowTx as MockedFunction<any>).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        sdkParams: expect.objectContaining({ remarks: undefined }),
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/reject-transfer-owner.test.ts b/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/reject-transfer-owner.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ef97d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/reject-transfer-owner.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, MockedFunction, vi } from 'vitest';
+import {
+  rejectTransferOwnerHandler,
+  promptForInputs,
+} from '../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/reject-transfer-owner';
+import { NetworkCmdName } from '../../../src/utils';
+
+vi.mock('signale', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const originalSignale = await importOriginal<typeof import('signale')>();
+  return {
+    ...originalSignale,
+    Signale: class MockSignale {
+      await = vi.fn();
+      success = vi.fn();
+      error = vi.fn();
+      info = vi.fn();
+      warn = vi.fn();
+      constructor() {}
+    },
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    success: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+    await: vi.fn(),
+    default: {
+      await: vi.fn(),
+      success: vi.fn(),
+      error: vi.fn(),
+      info: vi.fn(),
+      warn: vi.fn(),
+    },
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('@trustvc/trustvc', async () => {
+  const actual = await vi.importActual<typeof import('@trustvc/trustvc')>('@trustvc/trustvc');
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    rejectTransferBeneficiaryObligationRegistry: vi.fn(),
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/shared', () => ({
+  promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+    network: 'amoy',
+    obligationRegistryAddress: '0xRegistry',
+    tokenId: '0x1',
+    remark: 'ok',
+    encryptionKey: 'doc-id',
+    key: '0xabc',
+    maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+  }),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/runTx', () => ({
+  runObligationEscrowTx: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ hash: '0xreject-transfer-owner' }),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/utils', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import('../../../src/utils')>();
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    displayTransactionPrice: vi.fn(),
+    getEtherscanAddress: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('https://amoy.polygonscan.com'),
+    getErrorMessage: (e: unknown) => (e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e)),
+  };
+});
+
+describe('obligation-escrow/reject-transfer-owner', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => vi.clearAllMocks());
+
+  it('promptForInputs uses shared obligation prompts', async () => {
+    const result = await promptForInputs();
+    expect(result.obligationRegistryAddress).toBe('0xRegistry');
+  });
+
+  it('rejectTransferOwnerHandler runs SDK via runObligationEscrowTx', async () => {
+    const { runObligationEscrowTx } = await import('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/runTx');
+    await rejectTransferOwnerHandler({
+      network: NetworkCmdName.Amoy,
+      obligationRegistryAddress: '0xRegistry',
+      tokenId: '0x1',
+      key: '0xabc',
+      maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+    });
+    expect(runObligationEscrowTx as MockedFunction<any>).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        sdkParams: expect.objectContaining({ remarks: undefined }),
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/reject.test.ts b/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/reject.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90d0c07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/reject.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, MockedFunction, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { rejectHandler, promptForInputs } from '../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/reject';
+import { NetworkCmdName } from '../../../src/utils';
+
+vi.mock('signale', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const originalSignale = await importOriginal<typeof import('signale')>();
+  return {
+    ...originalSignale,
+    Signale: class MockSignale {
+      await = vi.fn();
+      success = vi.fn();
+      error = vi.fn();
+      info = vi.fn();
+      warn = vi.fn();
+      constructor() {}
+    },
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    success: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+    await: vi.fn(),
+    default: {
+      await: vi.fn(),
+      success: vi.fn(),
+      error: vi.fn(),
+      info: vi.fn(),
+      warn: vi.fn(),
+    },
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('@trustvc/trustvc', async () => {
+  const actual = await vi.importActual<typeof import('@trustvc/trustvc')>('@trustvc/trustvc');
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    rejectObligationRegistry: vi.fn(),
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/shared', () => ({
+  promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+    network: 'amoy',
+    obligationRegistryAddress: '0xRegistry',
+    tokenId: '0x1',
+    remark: 'ok',
+    encryptionKey: 'doc-id',
+    key: '0xabc',
+    maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+  }),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/runTx', () => ({
+  runObligationEscrowTx: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ hash: '0xreject' }),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/utils', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import('../../../src/utils')>();
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    displayTransactionPrice: vi.fn(),
+    getEtherscanAddress: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('https://amoy.polygonscan.com'),
+    getErrorMessage: (e: unknown) => (e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e)),
+  };
+});
+
+describe('obligation-escrow/reject', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => vi.clearAllMocks());
+
+  it('promptForInputs uses shared obligation prompts', async () => {
+    const result = await promptForInputs();
+    expect(result.obligationRegistryAddress).toBe('0xRegistry');
+  });
+
+  it('rejectHandler runs SDK via runObligationEscrowTx', async () => {
+    const { runObligationEscrowTx } = await import('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/runTx');
+    await rejectHandler({
+      network: NetworkCmdName.Amoy,
+      obligationRegistryAddress: '0xRegistry',
+      tokenId: '0x1',
+      key: '0xabc',
+      maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+    });
+    expect(runObligationEscrowTx as MockedFunction<any>).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        sdkParams: expect.objectContaining({ remarks: undefined }),
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/return-to-issuer.test.ts b/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/return-to-issuer.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd13c7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/return-to-issuer.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, MockedFunction, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { returnToIssuerHandler } from '../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/return-to-issuer';
+import { NetworkCmdName } from '../../../src/utils';
+
+vi.mock('signale', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const originalSignale = await importOriginal<typeof import('signale')>();
+  return {
+    ...originalSignale,
+    Signale: class MockSignale {
+      await = vi.fn();
+      success = vi.fn();
+      error = vi.fn();
+      info = vi.fn();
+      warn = vi.fn();
+      constructor() {}
+    },
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    success: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+    await: vi.fn(),
+    default: {
+      await: vi.fn(),
+      success: vi.fn(),
+      error: vi.fn(),
+      info: vi.fn(),
+      warn: vi.fn(),
+    },
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('@trustvc/trustvc', async () => {
+  const actual = await vi.importActual<typeof import('@trustvc/trustvc')>('@trustvc/trustvc');
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    returnToIssuerObligationRegistry: vi.fn(),
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/runTx', () => ({
+  runObligationEscrowTx: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ hash: '0xreturn' }),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/utils', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import('../../../src/utils')>();
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    displayTransactionPrice: vi.fn(),
+    getEtherscanAddress: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('https://amoy.polygonscan.com'),
+    getErrorMessage: (e: unknown) => (e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e)),
+  };
+});
+
+describe('obligation-escrow/return-to-issuer', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => vi.clearAllMocks());
+
+  it('returnToIssuerHandler invokes runObligationEscrowTx', async () => {
+    const { runObligationEscrowTx } = await import('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/runTx');
+    await returnToIssuerHandler({
+      network: NetworkCmdName.Amoy,
+      obligationRegistryAddress: '0xRegistry',
+      tokenId: '0x1',
+      key: '0xabc',
+      maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+    });
+    expect(runObligationEscrowTx as MockedFunction<any>).toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/status.test.ts b/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/status.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e80f2cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/status.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, MockedFunction, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { statusHandler } from '../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/status';
+import { NetworkCmdName } from '../../../src/utils';
+
+vi.mock('signale', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const originalSignale = await importOriginal<typeof import('signale')>();
+  return {
+    ...originalSignale,
+    Signale: class MockSignale {
+      await = vi.fn();
+      success = vi.fn();
+      error = vi.fn();
+      info = vi.fn();
+      warn = vi.fn();
+      constructor() {}
+    },
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    success: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+    await: vi.fn(),
+    default: {
+      await: vi.fn(),
+      success: vi.fn(),
+      error: vi.fn(),
+      info: vi.fn(),
+      warn: vi.fn(),
+    },
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('@trustvc/trustvc', async () => {
+  const actual = await vi.importActual<typeof import('@trustvc/trustvc')>('@trustvc/trustvc');
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    getObligationRegistryStatus: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(0),
+    isObligationRegistryRegistered: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(true),
+    getObligationEscrowTerminationReason: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(0),
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/utils', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import('../../../src/utils')>();
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    getWalletOrSigner: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ provider: {} }),
+    getErrorMessage: (e: unknown) => (e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e)),
+  };
+});
+
+describe('obligation-escrow/status', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => vi.clearAllMocks());
+
+  it('reads status, registration, and termination reason', async () => {
+    const trustvc = await import('@trustvc/trustvc');
+    await statusHandler({
+      network: NetworkCmdName.Amoy,
+      obligationRegistryAddress: '0xRegistry',
+      tokenId: '0x1',
+      key: '0xabc',
+      maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+    });
+    expect(trustvc.getObligationRegistryStatus as MockedFunction<any>).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      { obligationRegistryAddress: '0xRegistry', tokenId: '0x1' },
+      expect.anything(),
+      { tokenId: '0x1' },
+    );
+    expect(trustvc.isObligationRegistryRegistered).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(trustvc.getObligationEscrowTerminationReason).toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/transfer-holder.test.ts b/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/transfer-holder.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a5c7f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/transfer-holder.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, MockedFunction, vi } from 'vitest';
+import {
+  changeHolderHandler,
+  promptForInputs,
+} from '../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/transfer-holder';
+import { NetworkCmdName } from '../../../src/utils';
+
+vi.mock('signale', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const originalSignale = await importOriginal<typeof import('signale')>();
+  return {
+    ...originalSignale,
+    Signale: class MockSignale {
+      await = vi.fn();
+      success = vi.fn();
+      error = vi.fn();
+      info = vi.fn();
+      warn = vi.fn();
+      constructor() {}
+    },
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    success: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+    await: vi.fn(),
+    default: {
+      await: vi.fn(),
+      success: vi.fn(),
+      error: vi.fn(),
+      info: vi.fn(),
+      warn: vi.fn(),
+    },
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('@trustvc/trustvc', async () => {
+  const actual = await vi.importActual<typeof import('@trustvc/trustvc')>('@trustvc/trustvc');
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    transferHolderObligationRegistry: vi.fn(),
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/shared', () => ({
+  promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+    network: 'amoy',
+    obligationRegistryAddress: '0xRegistry',
+    tokenId: '0x1',
+    encryptionKey: 'doc-id',
+    key: '0xabc',
+    maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+  }),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/runTx', () => ({
+  runObligationEscrowTx: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ hash: '0xtransfer' }),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/utils', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import('../../../src/utils')>();
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    promptAddress: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue('0xNewHolder000000000000000000000000000001'),
+    displayTransactionPrice: vi.fn(),
+    getEtherscanAddress: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('https://amoy.polygonscan.com'),
+    getErrorMessage: (e: unknown) => (e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e)),
+  };
+});
+
+describe('obligation-escrow/transfer-holder', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => vi.clearAllMocks());
+
+  it('promptForInputs includes newHolder', async () => {
+    const result = await promptForInputs();
+    expect(result.newHolder).toBe('0xNewHolder000000000000000000000000000001');
+  });
+
+  it('changeHolderHandler calls runObligationEscrowTx with holder params', async () => {
+    const { runObligationEscrowTx } = await import('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/runTx');
+    await changeHolderHandler({
+      network: NetworkCmdName.Amoy,
+      obligationRegistryAddress: '0xRegistry',
+      tokenId: '0x1',
+      newHolder: '0xNewHolder000000000000000000000000000001',
+      key: '0xabc',
+      maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+    });
+    expect(runObligationEscrowTx as MockedFunction<any>).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        sdkParams: expect.objectContaining({
+          holderAddress: '0xNewHolder000000000000000000000000000001',
+        }),
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/transfer-owner-holder.test.ts b/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/transfer-owner-holder.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05f89fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/commands/obligation-escrow/transfer-owner-holder.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, MockedFunction, vi } from 'vitest';
+import {
+  transferOwnersHandler,
+  promptForInputs,
+} from '../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/transfer-owner-holder';
+import { NetworkCmdName } from '../../../src/utils';
+
+vi.mock('signale', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const originalSignale = await importOriginal<typeof import('signale')>();
+  return {
+    ...originalSignale,
+    Signale: class MockSignale {
+      await = vi.fn();
+      success = vi.fn();
+      error = vi.fn();
+      info = vi.fn();
+      warn = vi.fn();
+      constructor() {}
+    },
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    success: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+    await: vi.fn(),
+    default: {
+      await: vi.fn(),
+      success: vi.fn(),
+      error: vi.fn(),
+      info: vi.fn(),
+      warn: vi.fn(),
+    },
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('@trustvc/trustvc', async () => {
+  const actual = await vi.importActual<typeof import('@trustvc/trustvc')>('@trustvc/trustvc');
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    transferOwnersObligationRegistry: vi.fn(),
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/shared', () => ({
+  promptBaseObligationEscrowInputs: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+    network: 'amoy',
+    obligationRegistryAddress: '0xRegistry',
+    tokenId: '0x1',
+    encryptionKey: 'doc-id',
+    key: '0xabc',
+    maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+  }),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/runTx', () => ({
+  runObligationEscrowTx: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ hash: '0xtransfer-owner-holder' }),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/utils', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import('../../../src/utils')>();
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    promptAddress: vi
+      .fn()
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce('0xNewOwner000000000000000000000000000001')
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce('0xNewHolder00000000000000000000000000001'),
+    displayTransactionPrice: vi.fn(),
+    getEtherscanAddress: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('https://amoy.polygonscan.com'),
+    getErrorMessage: (e: unknown) => (e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e)),
+  };
+});
+
+describe('obligation-escrow/transfer-owner-holder', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => vi.clearAllMocks());
+
+  it('promptForInputs includes newOwner and newHolder', async () => {
+    const result = await promptForInputs();
+    expect(result.newOwner).toBe('0xNewOwner000000000000000000000000000001');
+    expect(result.newHolder).toBe('0xNewHolder00000000000000000000000000001');
+  });
+
+  it('transferOwnersHandler calls runObligationEscrowTx with owner+holder params', async () => {
+    const { runObligationEscrowTx } = await import('../../../src/commands/obligation-escrow/runTx');
+    await transferOwnersHandler({
+      network: NetworkCmdName.Amoy,
+      obligationRegistryAddress: '0xRegistry',
+      tokenId: '0x1',
+      newOwner: '0xNewOwner000000000000000000000000000001',
+      newHolder: '0xNewHolder00000000000000000000000000001',
+      key: '0xabc',
+      maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+    });
+    expect(runObligationEscrowTx as MockedFunction<any>).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        sdkParams: expect.objectContaining({
+          newBeneficiaryAddress: '0xNewOwner000000000000000000000000000001',
+          newHolderAddress: '0xNewHolder00000000000000000000000000001',
+        }),
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/commands/obligation-registry/deploy.test.ts b/tests/commands/obligation-registry/deploy.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11d1913
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/commands/obligation-registry/deploy.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, MockedFunction, vi } from 'vitest';
+import {
+  handler,
+  deployObligationRegistryContract,
+  promptForInputs,
+} from '../../../src/commands/obligation-registry/deploy';
+import { NetworkCmdName } from '../../../src/utils';
+
+vi.mock('signale', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const originalSignale = await importOriginal<typeof import('signale')>();
+  return {
+    ...originalSignale,
+    Signale: class MockSignale {
+      await = vi.fn();
+      success = vi.fn();
+      error = vi.fn();
+      info = vi.fn();
+      warn = vi.fn();
+      constructor() {}
+    },
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    success: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+    await: vi.fn(),
+    default: {
+      await: vi.fn(),
+      success: vi.fn(),
+      error: vi.fn(),
+      info: vi.fn(),
+      warn: vi.fn(),
+    },
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('@inquirer/prompts', () => ({
+  select: vi.fn(),
+  input: vi.fn(),
+  confirm: vi.fn(),
+  password: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('@trustvc/trustvc', async () => {
+  const actual = await vi.importActual<typeof import('@trustvc/trustvc')>('@trustvc/trustvc');
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    deployObligationRegistry: vi.fn(),
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/utils', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import('../../../src/utils')>();
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    promptNetworkSelection: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue('amoy'),
+    promptWalletSelection: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ key: '0xabc' }),
+    promptAddress: vi.fn(),
+    getWalletOrSigner: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      getAddress: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue('0xWallet'),
+      provider: {},
+    }),
+    performDryRunWithConfirmation: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(true),
+    displayTransactionPrice: vi.fn(),
+    getEtherscanAddress: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('https://amoy.polygonscan.com'),
+    getSupportedNetwork: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({ networkId: 80002 }),
+    getErrorMessage: (e: unknown) => (e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e)),
+    supportedNetwork: {
+      amoy: { networkId: 80002 },
+    },
+  };
+});
+
+describe('obligation-registry/deploy', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  describe('promptForInputs', () => {
+    it('collects registry name, symbol, and wallet', async () => {
+      const { input, confirm } = await import('@inquirer/prompts');
+      (input as MockedFunction<any>)
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce('My BoE Registry')
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce('BOE');
+      (confirm as MockedFunction<any>).mockResolvedValueOnce(false);
+
+      const result = await promptForInputs();
+      expect(result.registryName).toBe('My BoE Registry');
+      expect(result.registrySymbol).toBe('BOE');
+      expect(result.network).toBe(NetworkCmdName.Amoy);
+      expect(result.key).toBe('0xabc');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('deployObligationRegistryContract', () => {
+    it('deploys via SDK and returns registry address', async () => {
+      const trustvc = await import('@trustvc/trustvc');
+      const deployMock = trustvc.deployObligationRegistry as MockedFunction<any>;
+      deployMock.mockResolvedValue({
+        receipt: { hash: '0xhash', logs: [] },
+        obligationRegistry: '0xRegistry',
+        obligationEscrowFactoryAddress: '0xFactory',
+      });
+
+      const address = await deployObligationRegistryContract({
+        network: NetworkCmdName.Amoy,
+        registryName: 'My BoE Registry',
+        registrySymbol: 'BOE',
+        key: '0xabc',
+        maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+      });
+
+      expect(deployMock).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(address).toBe('0xRegistry');
+
+      const { success, info } = await import('signale');
+      expect(success).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        'Obligation registry My BoE Registry deployed at 0xRegistry',
+      );
+      expect(info).toHaveBeenCalledWith('ObligationEscrowFactory: 0xFactory');
+      expect(info).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Obligation Registry: 0xRegistry');
+      expect(info).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        'Use this Obligation Registry address as credentialStatus.obligationRegistry in your document before signing and minting.',
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('handler', () => {
+    it('runs without throwing when prompts succeed', async () => {
+      const { input, confirm } = await import('@inquirer/prompts');
+      (input as MockedFunction<any>)
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce('My BoE Registry')
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce('BOE');
+      (confirm as MockedFunction<any>).mockResolvedValueOnce(false);
+
+      const trustvc = await import('@trustvc/trustvc');
+      (trustvc.deployObligationRegistry as MockedFunction<any>).mockResolvedValue({
+        receipt: { hash: '0xhash', logs: [] },
+        obligationRegistry: '0xRegistry',
+        obligationEscrowFactoryAddress: '0xFactory',
+      });
+
+      await expect(handler()).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/commands/obligation-registry/mint.test.ts b/tests/commands/obligation-registry/mint.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02c41d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/commands/obligation-registry/mint.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, MockedFunction, vi } from 'vitest';
+import {
+  handler,
+  mintObligationToken,
+  promptForInputs,
+} from '../../../src/commands/obligation-registry/mint';
+import { NetworkCmdName } from '../../../src/utils';
+
+vi.mock('signale', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const originalSignale = await importOriginal<typeof import('signale')>();
+  return {
+    ...originalSignale,
+    Signale: class MockSignale {
+      await = vi.fn();
+      success = vi.fn();
+      error = vi.fn();
+      info = vi.fn();
+      warn = vi.fn();
+      constructor() {}
+    },
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    success: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+    await: vi.fn(),
+    default: {
+      await: vi.fn(),
+      success: vi.fn(),
+      error: vi.fn(),
+      info: vi.fn(),
+      warn: vi.fn(),
+    },
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('@inquirer/prompts', () => ({
+  select: vi.fn(),
+  input: vi.fn(),
+  confirm: vi.fn(),
+  password: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('@trustvc/trustvc', async () => {
+  const actual = await vi.importActual<typeof import('@trustvc/trustvc')>('@trustvc/trustvc');
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    mintObligationRegistry: vi.fn(),
+    isObligationRecord: vi.fn(() => true),
+    getObligationRegistryAddress: vi.fn(() => '0x71D28767662cB233F887aD2Bb65d048d760bA694'),
+    getTokenId: vi.fn(() => '0x23f719b016c88ba1ef2e10c0718d7d0f0026b1dc6e219629f81e2f0f811c4e3e'),
+    getChainId: vi.fn(() => 80002),
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/commands/helpers', () => ({
+  connectToObligationRegistry: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+    mint: {
+      populateTransaction: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ to: '0xRegistry', data: '0x' }),
+    },
+  }),
+  validateAndEncryptRemark: vi.fn((r?: string) => r || '0x'),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/utils', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import('../../../src/utils')>();
+  const { default: obligationFixture } =
+    await import('../../fixtures/obligation/w3c-obligation-record.json');
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    promptAndReadDocument: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(obligationFixture),
+    verifyDocumentSignature: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+    extractObligationDocumentInfo: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      document: obligationFixture,
+      obligationRegistry: '0x71D28767662cB233F887aD2Bb65d048d760bA694',
+      tokenId: '0x23f719b016c88ba1ef2e10c0718d7d0f0026b1dc6e219629f81e2f0f811c4e3e',
+      network: 'amoy',
+      documentId: 'urn:uuid:obligation-test-doc-id',
+    }),
+    promptAddress: vi.fn(),
+    promptWalletSelection: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ key: '0xabc' }),
+    promptRemark: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue('issued'),
+    getWalletOrSigner: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      getAddress: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue('0xWallet'),
+      provider: {},
+    }),
+    performDryRunWithConfirmation: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(true),
+    canEstimateGasPrice: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
+    displayTransactionPrice: vi.fn(),
+    getEtherscanAddress: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('https://amoy.polygonscan.com'),
+    addAddressPrefix: (v: string) => (v.startsWith('0x') ? v : `0x${v}`),
+    getErrorMessage: (e: unknown) => (e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e)),
+  };
+});
+
+describe('obligation-registry/mint', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  it('promptForInputs builds mint command from obligation document', async () => {
+    const utils = await import('../../../src/utils');
+    (utils.promptAddress as MockedFunction<any>)
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce('0xBeneficiary000000000000000000000000000001')
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce('0xHolder0000000000000000000000000000000002');
+
+    const result = await promptForInputs();
+    expect(result.address).toBe('0x71D28767662cB233F887aD2Bb65d048d760bA694');
+    expect(result.beneficiary).toBe('0xBeneficiary000000000000000000000000000001');
+    expect(result.holder).toBe('0xHolder0000000000000000000000000000000002');
+    expect(result.remark).toBe('issued');
+  });
+
+  it('mintObligationToken calls mintObligationRegistry', async () => {
+    const trustvc = await import('@trustvc/trustvc');
+    const mintMock = trustvc.mintObligationRegistry as MockedFunction<any>;
+    mintMock.mockResolvedValue({
+      hash: '0xmint',
+      wait: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ hash: '0xmint' }),
+    });
+
+    await mintObligationToken({
+      network: NetworkCmdName.Amoy,
+      address: '0x71D28767662cB233F887aD2Bb65d048d760bA694',
+      tokenId: '0x23f719b016c88ba1ef2e10c0718d7d0f0026b1dc6e219629f81e2f0f811c4e3e',
+      beneficiary: '0xBeneficiary000000000000000000000000000001',
+      holder: '0xHolder0000000000000000000000000000000002',
+      remark: 'issued',
+      encryptionKey: 'urn:uuid:obligation-test-doc-id',
+      key: '0xabc',
+      maxPriorityFeePerGasScale: 1,
+    });
+
+    expect(mintMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      { obligationRegistryAddress: '0x71D28767662cB233F887aD2Bb65d048d760bA694' },
+      expect.anything(),
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        beneficiaryAddress: '0xBeneficiary000000000000000000000000000001',
+        holderAddress: '0xHolder0000000000000000000000000000000002',
+      }),
+      expect.objectContaining({ id: 'urn:uuid:obligation-test-doc-id' }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('handler completes mint flow', async () => {
+    const utils = await import('../../../src/utils');
+    (utils.promptAddress as MockedFunction<any>)
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce('0xBeneficiary000000000000000000000000000001')
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce('0xHolder0000000000000000000000000000000002');
+
+    const trustvc = await import('@trustvc/trustvc');
+    (trustvc.mintObligationRegistry as MockedFunction<any>).mockResolvedValue({
+      hash: '0xmint',
+      wait: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ hash: '0xmint' }),
+    });
+
+    await expect(handler()).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/obligation/w3c-obligation-record.json b/tests/fixtures/obligation/w3c-obligation-record.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3371dfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/obligation/w3c-obligation-record.json
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+{
+  "@context": [
+    "https://www.w3.org/ns/credentials/v2",
+    "https://w3id.org/security/data-integrity/v2",
+    "https://trustvc.io/context/transferable-records-context.json",
+    "https://trustvc.io/context/bill-of-exchange.json"
+  ],
+  "type": ["VerifiableCredential"],
+  "issuer": "did:web:trustvc.github.io:did:1",
+  "id": "urn:uuid:obligation-test-doc-id",
+  "credentialStatus": {
+    "type": "TransferableRecords",
+    "tokenNetwork": {
+      "chain": "MATIC",
+      "chainId": "80002"
+    },
+    "obligationRegistry": "0x71D28767662cB233F887aD2Bb65d048d760bA694",
+    "tokenId": "23f719b016c88ba1ef2e10c0718d7d0f0026b1dc6e219629f81e2f0f811c4e3e"
+  },
+  "credentialSubject": {
+    "electronicDocumentIdentifier": "urn:uuid:obligation-test-doc-id",
+    "referenceNumber": "BOE-TEST-001",
+    "amountInFigures": "128500.00",
+    "amountInWords": "One hundred twenty-eight thousand five hundred United States Dollars only",
+    "currencyCode": "USD",
+    "blDate": "2026-06-28",
+    "placeOfIssue": "Singapore",
+    "dateOfIssue": "2026-07-06",
+    "tenor": "At 90 days sight",
+    "payee": "Meridian Commodities Pte Ltd",
+    "drawnUnder": "Documentary Credit No. LC-TEST-2026-88341 / Invoice No. INV-TEST-2026-0456 / B/L No. BL-TEST-2026-0781",
+    "drawnUnderDate": "2026-06-15",
+    "issuedBy": "DBS Bank Ltd",
+    "drawee": {
+      "name": "Fairview Industries Inc.",
+      "address": "1201 Market Street, Suite 900, Wilmington, DE 19801, USA",
+      "authorisedSignatoryName": "James R. Carter",
+      "signature": ""
+    },
+    "drawer": {
+      "name": "Meridian Commodities Pte Ltd",
+      "address": "8 Marina Boulevard, #24-01, Singapore 018981",
+      "authorisedSignatoryName": "Wei Ling Tan",
+      "signature": ""
+    }
+  },
+  "proof": {
+    "type": "DataIntegrityProof",
+    "cryptosuite": "ecdsa-sd-2023",
+    "proofPurpose": "assertionMethod",
+    "verificationMethod": "did:web:trustvc.github.io:did:1#multikey-1",
+    "proofValue": "uTEST"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/utils/contract-errors.test.ts b/tests/utils/contract-errors.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5712044
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/utils/contract-errors.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import {
+  describeContractError,
+  extractContractRevertLabel,
+  getErrorMessage,
+  isContractCallException,
+} from '../../src/utils';
+
+describe('contract revert error formatting', () => {
+  const ownerHolderError = Object.assign(new Error('execution reverted: OwnerHolderMustDiffer()'), {
+    code: 'CALL_EXCEPTION',
+    reason: null,
+    revert: { name: 'OwnerHolderMustDiffer', signature: 'OwnerHolderMustDiffer()', args: [] },
+    shortMessage: 'execution reverted (unknown custom error)',
+  });
+
+  it('extracts OwnerHolderMustDiffer from ethers call exceptions', () => {
+    expect(extractContractRevertLabel(ownerHolderError)).toBe('OwnerHolderMustDiffer');
+    expect(isContractCallException(ownerHolderError)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('maps OwnerHolderMustDiffer to an actionable message', () => {
+    expect(describeContractError(ownerHolderError)).toMatch(
+      /OwnerHolderMustDiffer: Beneficiary \(owner\) and holder must be different/,
+    );
+    expect(getErrorMessage(ownerHolderError)).toMatch(/OwnerHolderMustDiffer:/);
+  });
+
+  it('does not return null when reason is null', () => {
+    expect(getErrorMessage(ownerHolderError)).not.toBe('null');
+    expect(getErrorMessage(ownerHolderError)).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  it('decodes OwnerHolderMustDiffer from revert data when name is missing', () => {
+    // Typical gas-estimation shape: undecoded shortMessage + selector only
+    const gasEstimateError = Object.assign(new Error('execution reverted'), {
+      code: 'CALL_EXCEPTION',
+      reason: null,
+      data: '0x7e288225',
+      shortMessage: 'execution reverted (unknown custom error)',
+    });
+
+    expect(extractContractRevertLabel(gasEstimateError)).toBe('OwnerHolderMustDiffer');
+    expect(getErrorMessage(gasEstimateError)).toMatch(
+      /OwnerHolderMustDiffer: Beneficiary \(owner\) and holder must be different/,
+    );
+    expect(getErrorMessage(gasEstimateError)).not.toMatch(/unknown custom error/i);
+  });
+
+  it('rewrites SDK pre-check wrappers', () => {
+    const wrapped = new Error(
+      'Pre-check for accept failed: OwnerHolderMustDiffer: Beneficiary (owner) and holder must be different wallets before accept/reject can run. Remint with different beneficiary and holder addresses.',
+    );
+    expect(getErrorMessage(wrapped)).toMatch(/OwnerHolderMustDiffer:/);
+  });
+
+  it('rejects generic failed: suffixes that are not contract reverts', () => {
+    const preprocessing = new Error('SDK preprocessing failed: badInput');
+    expect(extractContractRevertLabel(preprocessing)).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(isContractCallException(preprocessing)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('preserves Contract reverted with labels', () => {
+    const wrapped = new Error('Contract reverted with OwnerHolderMustDiffer');
+    expect(extractContractRevertLabel(wrapped)).toBe('OwnerHolderMustDiffer');
+  });
+});