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ViniciusAntunesOliveiraViniciusAntunesOliveira
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Add first law of thermodynamics algorithm
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‎physics/first_law_of_thermodynamics.py‎

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"""
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________________________________________________________________________________________
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The first law of thermodynamics states that, when energy passes into or out of a system
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(as work, heat, or matter), the system's internal energy changes in accordance with the
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law of conservation of energy. This also results in the observation that, in an
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externally isolated system, even with internal changes, the sum of all forms of energy
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must remain constant, as energy cannot be created or destroyed.
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Check out the formula used to calculate this flux:
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--------------
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| Q = ΔU + W |
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--------------
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Q = heat added or removed from the system.
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ΔU = variation of internal energy of the system.
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W = work done by the system on its surroundings.
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OBS: All units must be equal to each other.
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(Description adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_of_thermodynamics )
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"""
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def __check_args(argument: float) -> None:
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"""
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Check that the arguments are valid.
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>>> __check_args("50")
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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...
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TypeError: Invalid argument. Should be an integer or float.
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"""
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# Ensure valid instance
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if not isinstance(argument, (int, float)):
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raise TypeError("Invalid argument. Should be an integer or float.")
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def __categorize_system(argument_value: float, argument_name: str) -> None:
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"""
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Categorizes the system based on the work done, heat added/removed,
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and internal energy variation.
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>>> __categorize_system(0, "work")
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The system is isochoric (constant volume).
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>>> __categorize_system(50, "heat")
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The system is endothermic (absorbing heat).
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>>> __categorize_system(-20, "internal_energy_variation")
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The internal energy of the system is decreasing. It cooling down.
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>>> __categorize_system(10, "invalid")
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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...
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ValueError: Should be 'work', 'heat', or 'internal_energy_variation'.
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"""
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if argument_name == "work":
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if argument_value == 0:
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print("The system is isochoric (constant volume).")
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elif argument_value > 0:
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print("The system is expanding.")
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elif argument_value < 0:
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print("The system is compressing.")
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elif argument_name == "heat":
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if argument_value == 0:
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print("The system is adiabatic (no heat exchange).")
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elif argument_value > 0:
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print("The system is endothermic (absorbing heat).")
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elif argument_value < 0:
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print("The system is exothermic (releasing heat).")
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elif argument_name == "internal_energy_variation":
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if argument_value == 0:
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print("The system is isothermic (constant internal energy)")
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elif argument_value > 0:
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print("The internal energy of the system is increasing. It heating up.")
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elif argument_value < 0:
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print("The internal energy of the system is decreasing. It cooling down.")
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else:
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raise ValueError("Should be 'work', 'heat', or 'internal_energy_variation'.")
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def work(heat: float, internal_energy_variation: float) -> float:
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"""
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>>> work(50.0, -20.0)
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The system is endothermic (absorbing heat).
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The internal energy of the system is decreasing. It cooling down.
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The system is expanding.
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70.0
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>>> work(50.0, 50.0)
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The system is endothermic (absorbing heat).
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The internal energy of the system is increasing. It heating up.
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The system is isochoric (constant volume).
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0.0
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>>> work(-50.0, 20.0)
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The system is exothermic (releasing heat).
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The internal energy of the system is increasing. It heating up.
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The system is compressing.
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-70.0
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"""
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__check_args(heat)
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__check_args(internal_energy_variation)
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__categorize_system(heat, "heat")
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__categorize_system(internal_energy_variation, "internal_energy_variation")
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work = heat - internal_energy_variation
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__categorize_system(work, "work")
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return round(work, 1)
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def heat(internal_energy_variation: float, work: float) -> float:
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"""
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>>> heat(-20.0, 30.0)
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The internal energy of the system is decreasing. It cooling down.
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The system is expanding.
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The system is endothermic (absorbing heat).
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10.0
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>>> heat(50.0, 0.0)
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The internal energy of the system is increasing. It heating up.
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The system is isochoric (constant volume).
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The system is endothermic (absorbing heat).
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50.0
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>>> heat(20.0, -70.0)
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The internal energy of the system is increasing. It heating up.
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The system is compressing.
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The system is exothermic (releasing heat).
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-50.0
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"""
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__check_args(internal_energy_variation)
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__check_args(work)
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__categorize_system(internal_energy_variation, "internal_energy_variation")
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__categorize_system(work, "work")
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heat = round(internal_energy_variation + work, 1)
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__categorize_system(heat, "heat")
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return heat
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def internal_energy_variation(heat: float, work: float) -> float:
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"""
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>>> internal_energy_variation(50.0, 30.0)
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The system is endothermic (absorbing heat).
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The system is expanding.
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The internal energy of the system is increasing. It heating up.
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20.0
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>>> internal_energy_variation(50.0, 0.0)
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The system is endothermic (absorbing heat).
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The system is isochoric (constant volume).
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The internal energy of the system is increasing. It heating up.
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50.0
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>>> internal_energy_variation(-50.0, -70.0)
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The system is exothermic (releasing heat).
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The system is compressing.
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The internal energy of the system is increasing. It heating up.
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20.0
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"""
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__check_args(heat)
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__check_args(work)
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__categorize_system(heat, "heat")
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__categorize_system(work, "work")
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internal_energy_variation = round(heat - work, 1)
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__categorize_system(internal_energy_variation, "internal_energy_variation")
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return internal_energy_variation
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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from doctest import testmod
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testmod()

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