forked from ClickHouse/PostgresBench
-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
Expand file tree
/
Copy pathdata.generated.js
More file actions
41 lines (41 loc) · 370 KB
/
Copy pathdata.generated.js
File metadata and controls
41 lines (41 loc) · 370 KB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
const data = [
{"system":"AWS Aurora","date":"2026-07-15","instance":{"type":"db.r6g.4xlarge","vcpus":16,"ram_gb":128,"instance_storage":"950 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"Aurora standard storage"},"machine":"16vCPU, 128GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","ha":{"label":"No HA","mode":"off","standbys":0,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"on","synchronous_standby_names":null}},"postgres_version":"18.3","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":34247,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":5783.860},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":8968.4658,"transactions":5372111,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":28.5675,"latency_stddev_ms":6.5515,"initial_connection_time_ms":466.600,"latency_p95_ms":36.8980,"latency_p99_ms":43.0850,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":8113.3667,"transactions":243401,"latency_avg_ms":31.6416,"latency_stddev_ms":7.2160,"latency_p95_ms":40.1550,"latency_p99_ms":48.3170},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":8277.5667,"transactions":248327,"latency_avg_ms":30.9196,"latency_stddev_ms":5.6525,"latency_p95_ms":37.7520,"latency_p99_ms":42.2570},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":8352.6000,"transactions":250578,"latency_avg_ms":30.6556,"latency_stddev_ms":6.4511,"latency_p95_ms":37.6660,"latency_p99_ms":42.8010},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":8525.2667,"transactions":255758,"latency_avg_ms":30.0117,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9818,"latency_p95_ms":37.3410,"latency_p99_ms":43.1410},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":8679.3667,"transactions":260381,"latency_avg_ms":29.4898,"latency_stddev_ms":6.4264,"latency_p95_ms":37.5210,"latency_p99_ms":43.4940},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":8821.4333,"transactions":264643,"latency_avg_ms":29.0137,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1899,"latency_p95_ms":37.3480,"latency_p99_ms":42.3230},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":8903.2000,"transactions":267096,"latency_avg_ms":28.7663,"latency_stddev_ms":6.3553,"latency_p95_ms":37.4420,"latency_p99_ms":43.2700},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":8981.2000,"transactions":269436,"latency_avg_ms":28.4939,"latency_stddev_ms":6.0736,"latency_p95_ms":36.6580,"latency_p99_ms":41.6940},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":9053.9000,"transactions":271617,"latency_avg_ms":28.2562,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1108,"latency_p95_ms":36.8680,"latency_p99_ms":42.3600},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":9104.5000,"transactions":273135,"latency_avg_ms":28.1167,"latency_stddev_ms":6.2120,"latency_p95_ms":36.7040,"latency_p99_ms":43.0050},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":9059.0333,"transactions":271771,"latency_avg_ms":28.2708,"latency_stddev_ms":7.4985,"latency_p95_ms":36.9160,"latency_p99_ms":43.6120},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":9161.5333,"transactions":274846,"latency_avg_ms":27.9445,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1664,"latency_p95_ms":36.4450,"latency_p99_ms":43.3010},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":9116.6667,"transactions":273500,"latency_avg_ms":28.0658,"latency_stddev_ms":7.6336,"latency_p95_ms":36.2320,"latency_p99_ms":43.3470},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":9260.1667,"transactions":277805,"latency_avg_ms":27.6509,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1271,"latency_p95_ms":35.8500,"latency_p99_ms":42.8350},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":9243.2000,"transactions":277296,"latency_avg_ms":27.6874,"latency_stddev_ms":7.4405,"latency_p95_ms":36.0720,"latency_p99_ms":43.4350},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":9293.1000,"transactions":278793,"latency_avg_ms":27.5521,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9752,"latency_p95_ms":35.4770,"latency_p99_ms":42.9800},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":9244.6667,"transactions":277340,"latency_avg_ms":27.6794,"latency_stddev_ms":6.0161,"latency_p95_ms":35.7420,"latency_p99_ms":41.7530},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":9298.3000,"transactions":278949,"latency_avg_ms":27.5386,"latency_stddev_ms":5.7531,"latency_p95_ms":35.3090,"latency_p99_ms":41.2840},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":9297.7000,"transactions":278931,"latency_avg_ms":27.5229,"latency_stddev_ms":7.1120,"latency_p95_ms":35.4220,"latency_p99_ms":42.0420},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":9283.6000,"transactions":278508,"latency_avg_ms":27.0838,"latency_stddev_ms":5.7709,"latency_p95_ms":34.9470,"latency_p99_ms":41.5040}]},{"run":2,"tps":9169.7133,"transactions":5501828,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":27.8935,"latency_stddev_ms":8.2287,"initial_connection_time_ms":471.735,"latency_p95_ms":34.4400,"latency_p99_ms":39.9170,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":8597.4333,"transactions":257923,"latency_avg_ms":29.3098,"latency_stddev_ms":6.2777,"latency_p95_ms":36.3170,"latency_p99_ms":42.6910},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":8800.9000,"transactions":264027,"latency_avg_ms":29.0986,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5593,"latency_p95_ms":35.4580,"latency_p99_ms":40.7540},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":8865.7333,"transactions":265972,"latency_avg_ms":28.8596,"latency_stddev_ms":7.2371,"latency_p95_ms":35.9350,"latency_p99_ms":42.4590},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":8941.3667,"transactions":268241,"latency_avg_ms":28.6268,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5992,"latency_p95_ms":35.5340,"latency_p99_ms":41.6770},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":8698.7333,"transactions":260962,"latency_avg_ms":29.4253,"latency_stddev_ms":27.8551,"latency_p95_ms":35.0000,"latency_p99_ms":41.4010},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":8977.1667,"transactions":269315,"latency_avg_ms":28.5073,"latency_stddev_ms":7.7266,"latency_p95_ms":34.7620,"latency_p99_ms":41.1560},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":9146.9667,"transactions":274409,"latency_avg_ms":27.9930,"latency_stddev_ms":5.3669,"latency_p95_ms":34.4160,"latency_p99_ms":39.7960},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":9093.9333,"transactions":272818,"latency_avg_ms":28.1573,"latency_stddev_ms":7.9000,"latency_p95_ms":34.4320,"latency_p99_ms":41.2090},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":9166.0667,"transactions":274982,"latency_avg_ms":27.9239,"latency_stddev_ms":5.1950,"latency_p95_ms":34.4400,"latency_p99_ms":39.2890},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":9260.3000,"transactions":277809,"latency_avg_ms":27.6332,"latency_stddev_ms":5.2637,"latency_p95_ms":34.4120,"latency_p99_ms":39.0210},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":9250.7000,"transactions":277521,"latency_avg_ms":27.6717,"latency_stddev_ms":5.1934,"latency_p95_ms":34.2390,"latency_p99_ms":39.2560},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":9286.3333,"transactions":278590,"latency_avg_ms":27.5565,"latency_stddev_ms":5.2881,"latency_p95_ms":34.1150,"latency_p99_ms":39.1420},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":9359.7667,"transactions":280793,"latency_avg_ms":27.3472,"latency_stddev_ms":5.1226,"latency_p95_ms":34.0030,"latency_p99_ms":38.9310},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":9278.2333,"transactions":278347,"latency_avg_ms":27.5864,"latency_stddev_ms":5.1909,"latency_p95_ms":34.2820,"latency_p99_ms":40.4910},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":9374.0667,"transactions":281222,"latency_avg_ms":27.3174,"latency_stddev_ms":4.8627,"latency_p95_ms":33.4030,"latency_p99_ms":38.4550},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":9440.3333,"transactions":283210,"latency_avg_ms":27.1009,"latency_stddev_ms":4.8580,"latency_p95_ms":33.3600,"latency_p99_ms":38.1020},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":9494.8000,"transactions":284844,"latency_avg_ms":26.9763,"latency_stddev_ms":4.8284,"latency_p95_ms":33.1760,"latency_p99_ms":37.6550},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":9434.6000,"transactions":283038,"latency_avg_ms":27.1089,"latency_stddev_ms":4.8475,"latency_p95_ms":33.2610,"latency_p99_ms":37.7310},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":9464.5333,"transactions":283936,"latency_avg_ms":27.0652,"latency_stddev_ms":4.6864,"latency_p95_ms":32.9570,"latency_p99_ms":37.8070},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":9461.1667,"transactions":283835,"latency_avg_ms":27.0436,"latency_stddev_ms":4.8293,"latency_p95_ms":33.2450,"latency_p99_ms":37.6550},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":1.1333,"transactions":34,"latency_avg_ms":120.0202,"latency_stddev_ms":42.2199,"latency_p95_ms":192.1750,"latency_p99_ms":208.0450}]},{"run":3,"tps":9237.5667,"transactions":5542540,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":27.6887,"latency_stddev_ms":6.3587,"initial_connection_time_ms":478.827,"latency_p95_ms":34.2870,"latency_p99_ms":39.8080,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":8528.7000,"transactions":255861,"latency_avg_ms":29.3497,"latency_stddev_ms":5.2696,"latency_p95_ms":34.4360,"latency_p99_ms":39.6930},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":8765.2333,"transactions":262957,"latency_avg_ms":29.2116,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7558,"latency_p95_ms":34.7380,"latency_p99_ms":38.3770},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":8813.5333,"transactions":264406,"latency_avg_ms":29.0412,"latency_stddev_ms":5.3162,"latency_p95_ms":35.2520,"latency_p99_ms":40.4830},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":8878.7000,"transactions":266361,"latency_avg_ms":28.8159,"latency_stddev_ms":5.0752,"latency_p95_ms":34.7890,"latency_p99_ms":39.0730},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":9016.2000,"transactions":270486,"latency_avg_ms":28.4012,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5581,"latency_p95_ms":34.8460,"latency_p99_ms":41.3670},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":9136.2000,"transactions":274086,"latency_avg_ms":27.9963,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5786,"latency_p95_ms":34.6980,"latency_p99_ms":40.7510},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":9182.8333,"transactions":275485,"latency_avg_ms":27.8985,"latency_stddev_ms":5.3313,"latency_p95_ms":34.2460,"latency_p99_ms":39.9820},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":9245.1000,"transactions":277353,"latency_avg_ms":27.6802,"latency_stddev_ms":5.2928,"latency_p95_ms":34.1310,"latency_p99_ms":39.8010},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":9305.9000,"transactions":279177,"latency_avg_ms":27.4969,"latency_stddev_ms":5.2652,"latency_p95_ms":34.2870,"latency_p99_ms":39.2630},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":9320.1000,"transactions":279603,"latency_avg_ms":27.4746,"latency_stddev_ms":5.1294,"latency_p95_ms":33.8900,"latency_p99_ms":38.3580},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":9309.8000,"transactions":279294,"latency_avg_ms":27.4932,"latency_stddev_ms":7.9273,"latency_p95_ms":34.3620,"latency_p99_ms":40.5810},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":9349.0333,"transactions":280471,"latency_avg_ms":27.3767,"latency_stddev_ms":8.3923,"latency_p95_ms":34.0930,"latency_p99_ms":40.0100},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":9228.3000,"transactions":276849,"latency_avg_ms":27.7329,"latency_stddev_ms":9.8672,"latency_p95_ms":34.7440,"latency_p99_ms":42.8160},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":9455.3667,"transactions":283661,"latency_avg_ms":27.0679,"latency_stddev_ms":5.3169,"latency_p95_ms":34.2460,"latency_p99_ms":40.7610},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":9446.6333,"transactions":283399,"latency_avg_ms":27.0979,"latency_stddev_ms":7.9101,"latency_p95_ms":34.1020,"latency_p99_ms":40.0450},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":9471.4667,"transactions":284144,"latency_avg_ms":27.0192,"latency_stddev_ms":5.1816,"latency_p95_ms":33.6790,"latency_p99_ms":38.9500},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":9567.8667,"transactions":287036,"latency_avg_ms":26.7503,"latency_stddev_ms":5.0716,"latency_p95_ms":33.3700,"latency_p99_ms":38.9860},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":9583.0333,"transactions":287491,"latency_avg_ms":26.7146,"latency_stddev_ms":5.2089,"latency_p95_ms":33.4190,"latency_p99_ms":39.3870},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":9456.3667,"transactions":283691,"latency_avg_ms":27.0735,"latency_stddev_ms":9.3561,"latency_p95_ms":33.6780,"latency_p99_ms":40.7180},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":9629.2667,"transactions":288878,"latency_avg_ms":26.5849,"latency_stddev_ms":5.0923,"latency_p95_ms":33.3180,"latency_p99_ms":38.1630},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":61.7000,"transactions":1851,"latency_avg_ms":30.0214,"latency_stddev_ms":12.4128,"latency_p95_ms":34.5360,"latency_p99_ms":93.6680}]}],"source":"aurora/results/aurora_16cpu_128gb_34247.json","region":"us-east-2","cloud":"aws","ha_label":"No HA"}
,{"system":"AWS Aurora","date":"2026-07-15","instance":{"type":"db.r6g.4xlarge","vcpus":16,"ram_gb":128,"instance_storage":"950 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"Aurora Standard storage"},"machine":"16vCPU, 128GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","ha":{"label":"HA – 1 standby – async","mode":"async","standbys":1,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"on","synchronous_standby_names":null}},"postgres_version":"18.3","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":34247,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":5284.842},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":9240.5943,"transactions":5535116,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":27.7258,"latency_stddev_ms":6.4206,"initial_connection_time_ms":471.855,"latency_p95_ms":36.7420,"latency_p99_ms":42.9990,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":8296.1000,"transactions":248883,"latency_avg_ms":30.5546,"latency_stddev_ms":7.0862,"latency_p95_ms":40.2700,"latency_p99_ms":48.8380},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":8692.5000,"transactions":260775,"latency_avg_ms":29.4568,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9550,"latency_p95_ms":36.8010,"latency_p99_ms":42.4250},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":8837.6667,"transactions":265130,"latency_avg_ms":28.9503,"latency_stddev_ms":6.2503,"latency_p95_ms":37.3680,"latency_p99_ms":41.8430},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":8873.2333,"transactions":266197,"latency_avg_ms":28.8567,"latency_stddev_ms":6.2624,"latency_p95_ms":37.2630,"latency_p99_ms":43.1220},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":8942.6000,"transactions":268278,"latency_avg_ms":28.6113,"latency_stddev_ms":6.3492,"latency_p95_ms":37.4130,"latency_p99_ms":42.2770},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":8993.7667,"transactions":269813,"latency_avg_ms":28.4612,"latency_stddev_ms":6.3142,"latency_p95_ms":37.2440,"latency_p99_ms":42.8280},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":9163.4333,"transactions":274903,"latency_avg_ms":27.9506,"latency_stddev_ms":6.5246,"latency_p95_ms":36.8430,"latency_p99_ms":42.6560},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":9212.9000,"transactions":276387,"latency_avg_ms":27.7736,"latency_stddev_ms":6.2459,"latency_p95_ms":36.4570,"latency_p99_ms":41.5040},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":9258.2333,"transactions":277747,"latency_avg_ms":27.6441,"latency_stddev_ms":6.4094,"latency_p95_ms":37.0620,"latency_p99_ms":42.1170},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":9222.6333,"transactions":276679,"latency_avg_ms":27.7695,"latency_stddev_ms":6.4717,"latency_p95_ms":37.0120,"latency_p99_ms":43.0070},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":9389.9333,"transactions":281698,"latency_avg_ms":27.2476,"latency_stddev_ms":6.3467,"latency_p95_ms":36.2810,"latency_p99_ms":42.1940},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":9438.2667,"transactions":283148,"latency_avg_ms":27.1292,"latency_stddev_ms":6.3673,"latency_p95_ms":35.9900,"latency_p99_ms":43.0320},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":9513.8333,"transactions":285415,"latency_avg_ms":26.9054,"latency_stddev_ms":6.5141,"latency_p95_ms":36.5090,"latency_p99_ms":43.0420},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":9438.1000,"transactions":283143,"latency_avg_ms":27.1184,"latency_stddev_ms":6.5336,"latency_p95_ms":36.7800,"latency_p99_ms":44.2980},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":9493.4667,"transactions":284804,"latency_avg_ms":26.9626,"latency_stddev_ms":6.4397,"latency_p95_ms":36.7480,"latency_p99_ms":42.7590},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":9461.5000,"transactions":283845,"latency_avg_ms":27.0408,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1293,"latency_p95_ms":35.7790,"latency_p99_ms":42.6250},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":9541.3000,"transactions":286239,"latency_avg_ms":26.8426,"latency_stddev_ms":6.3604,"latency_p95_ms":36.1690,"latency_p99_ms":42.4210},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":9595.0667,"transactions":287852,"latency_avg_ms":26.6763,"latency_stddev_ms":6.0965,"latency_p95_ms":35.1870,"latency_p99_ms":42.5490},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":9572.3333,"transactions":287170,"latency_avg_ms":26.7265,"latency_stddev_ms":6.0372,"latency_p95_ms":35.2920,"latency_p99_ms":42.0160},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":9567.0000,"transactions":287010,"latency_avg_ms":26.6178,"latency_stddev_ms":6.0529,"latency_p95_ms":35.1000,"latency_p99_ms":42.0730}]},{"run":2,"tps":9421.9833,"transactions":5643768,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":27.1911,"latency_stddev_ms":8.2478,"initial_connection_time_ms":484.789,"latency_p95_ms":34.3460,"latency_p99_ms":40.4820,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":8780.4667,"transactions":263414,"latency_avg_ms":28.9187,"latency_stddev_ms":6.4429,"latency_p95_ms":36.0970,"latency_p99_ms":43.8360},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":9045.7333,"transactions":271372,"latency_avg_ms":28.3041,"latency_stddev_ms":5.7454,"latency_p95_ms":35.2190,"latency_p99_ms":40.6510},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":9069.2000,"transactions":272076,"latency_avg_ms":28.2357,"latency_stddev_ms":8.0884,"latency_p95_ms":35.5690,"latency_p99_ms":42.1300},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":8969.8000,"transactions":269094,"latency_avg_ms":28.5374,"latency_stddev_ms":26.2882,"latency_p95_ms":36.1130,"latency_p99_ms":43.8360},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":9182.7667,"transactions":275483,"latency_avg_ms":27.8672,"latency_stddev_ms":5.6147,"latency_p95_ms":34.9560,"latency_p99_ms":40.4420},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":9332.7000,"transactions":279981,"latency_avg_ms":27.4348,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8254,"latency_p95_ms":34.6900,"latency_p99_ms":41.0010},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":9374.5333,"transactions":281236,"latency_avg_ms":27.3027,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5643,"latency_p95_ms":34.6370,"latency_p99_ms":40.2510},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":9474.2667,"transactions":284228,"latency_avg_ms":27.0065,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9560,"latency_p95_ms":34.8810,"latency_p99_ms":40.7890},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":9476.6333,"transactions":284299,"latency_avg_ms":27.0190,"latency_stddev_ms":6.5685,"latency_p95_ms":34.1030,"latency_p99_ms":40.0480},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":9447.8667,"transactions":283436,"latency_avg_ms":27.0855,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1474,"latency_p95_ms":33.9830,"latency_p99_ms":38.9510},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":9593.5333,"transactions":287806,"latency_avg_ms":26.6848,"latency_stddev_ms":5.3872,"latency_p95_ms":34.0130,"latency_p99_ms":39.1580},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":9615.4667,"transactions":288464,"latency_avg_ms":26.6218,"latency_stddev_ms":5.4831,"latency_p95_ms":33.8320,"latency_p99_ms":39.4910},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":9587.3667,"transactions":287621,"latency_avg_ms":26.7009,"latency_stddev_ms":6.6817,"latency_p95_ms":34.0820,"latency_p99_ms":41.9650},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":9537.0667,"transactions":286112,"latency_avg_ms":26.8424,"latency_stddev_ms":6.3647,"latency_p95_ms":33.8840,"latency_p99_ms":39.7010},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":9644.1333,"transactions":289324,"latency_avg_ms":26.5313,"latency_stddev_ms":5.2352,"latency_p95_ms":33.4840,"latency_p99_ms":39.0300},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":9581.5667,"transactions":287447,"latency_avg_ms":26.7196,"latency_stddev_ms":5.7823,"latency_p95_ms":33.2190,"latency_p99_ms":39.7550},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":9595.4000,"transactions":287862,"latency_avg_ms":26.6678,"latency_stddev_ms":5.2459,"latency_p95_ms":33.3640,"latency_p99_ms":38.9150},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":9696.4000,"transactions":290892,"latency_avg_ms":26.4064,"latency_stddev_ms":5.0948,"latency_p95_ms":32.7150,"latency_p99_ms":37.1810},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":9563.6667,"transactions":286910,"latency_avg_ms":26.7509,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1977,"latency_p95_ms":33.3270,"latency_p99_ms":39.7820},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":9557.0333,"transactions":286711,"latency_avg_ms":26.5781,"latency_stddev_ms":6.4346,"latency_p95_ms":33.0320,"latency_p99_ms":38.3600}]},{"run":3,"tps":9520.1250,"transactions":5712075,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":26.8681,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8108,"initial_connection_time_ms":449.091,"latency_p95_ms":34.0980,"latency_p99_ms":39.9200,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":8805.4333,"transactions":264163,"latency_avg_ms":28.6776,"latency_stddev_ms":5.6441,"latency_p95_ms":34.5510,"latency_p99_ms":39.3810},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":8976.3667,"transactions":269291,"latency_avg_ms":28.5082,"latency_stddev_ms":5.2583,"latency_p95_ms":34.5610,"latency_p99_ms":39.0640},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":9180.6667,"transactions":275420,"latency_avg_ms":27.8840,"latency_stddev_ms":5.4768,"latency_p95_ms":34.6810,"latency_p99_ms":40.0340},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":9205.1000,"transactions":276153,"latency_avg_ms":27.8128,"latency_stddev_ms":6.2004,"latency_p95_ms":34.7560,"latency_p99_ms":40.6340},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":9314.0333,"transactions":279421,"latency_avg_ms":27.4741,"latency_stddev_ms":5.6867,"latency_p95_ms":34.4850,"latency_p99_ms":40.1380},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":9393.4333,"transactions":281803,"latency_avg_ms":27.2524,"latency_stddev_ms":5.7546,"latency_p95_ms":34.5610,"latency_p99_ms":40.7370},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":9470.6333,"transactions":284119,"latency_avg_ms":27.0292,"latency_stddev_ms":7.5666,"latency_p95_ms":34.5780,"latency_p99_ms":40.8160},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":9513.0333,"transactions":285391,"latency_avg_ms":26.9042,"latency_stddev_ms":6.8158,"latency_p95_ms":34.2110,"latency_p99_ms":41.1600},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":9579.3667,"transactions":287381,"latency_avg_ms":26.7140,"latency_stddev_ms":5.6397,"latency_p95_ms":34.1940,"latency_p99_ms":40.1590},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":9593.6000,"transactions":287808,"latency_avg_ms":26.6996,"latency_stddev_ms":5.6198,"latency_p95_ms":33.9430,"latency_p99_ms":39.2300},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":9648.7333,"transactions":289462,"latency_avg_ms":26.5134,"latency_stddev_ms":5.3912,"latency_p95_ms":33.5050,"latency_p99_ms":39.1920},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":9634.7333,"transactions":289042,"latency_avg_ms":26.5647,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5193,"latency_p95_ms":34.0810,"latency_p99_ms":39.9970},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":9736.3000,"transactions":292089,"latency_avg_ms":26.2973,"latency_stddev_ms":5.6675,"latency_p95_ms":33.9590,"latency_p99_ms":40.5700},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":9680.5667,"transactions":290417,"latency_avg_ms":26.4483,"latency_stddev_ms":5.7696,"latency_p95_ms":34.2060,"latency_p99_ms":40.6810},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":9771.7667,"transactions":293153,"latency_avg_ms":26.1867,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5422,"latency_p95_ms":33.7980,"latency_p99_ms":40.2460},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":9785.6000,"transactions":293568,"latency_avg_ms":26.1611,"latency_stddev_ms":5.4267,"latency_p95_ms":33.2880,"latency_p99_ms":38.8130},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":9738.4667,"transactions":292154,"latency_avg_ms":26.2750,"latency_stddev_ms":5.3691,"latency_p95_ms":33.4540,"latency_p99_ms":39.3540},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":9760.1333,"transactions":292804,"latency_avg_ms":26.2401,"latency_stddev_ms":5.4027,"latency_p95_ms":33.3290,"latency_p99_ms":38.9590},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":9850.4667,"transactions":295514,"latency_avg_ms":25.9843,"latency_stddev_ms":5.4425,"latency_p95_ms":33.3420,"latency_p99_ms":39.0440},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":9763.7000,"transactions":292911,"latency_avg_ms":26.1917,"latency_stddev_ms":5.4614,"latency_p95_ms":33.5350,"latency_p99_ms":39.6830},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":0.3667,"transactions":11,"latency_avg_ms":178.2247,"latency_stddev_ms":40.4814,"latency_p95_ms":215.1090,"latency_p99_ms":215.1090}]}],"source":"aurora/results/aurora_16cpu_128gb_34247_ha-1s-async.json","ha_label":"HA – 1 standby – async"}
,{"system":"AWS Aurora","date":"2026-07-15","instance":{"type":"db.r6g.4xlarge","vcpus":16,"ram_gb":128,"instance_storage":"950 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"Aurora IO Optimized storage"},"machine":"16vCPU, 128GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","ha":{"label":"HA – 1 standby – async","mode":"async","standbys":1,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"on","synchronous_standby_names":null}},"postgres_version":"18.3","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":34247,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":5417.697},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":9936.8381,"transactions":5952166,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":25.7816,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9056,"initial_connection_time_ms":542.444,"latency_p95_ms":36.4820,"latency_p99_ms":45.7100,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":8848.4000,"transactions":265452,"latency_avg_ms":28.9730,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0630,"latency_p95_ms":44.7600,"latency_p99_ms":59.1100},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":10227.0333,"transactions":306811,"latency_avg_ms":25.0366,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4631,"latency_p95_ms":32.6300,"latency_p99_ms":40.2220},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":10235.7667,"transactions":307073,"latency_avg_ms":25.0024,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4330,"latency_p95_ms":32.1020,"latency_p99_ms":40.2160},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":10256.2333,"transactions":307687,"latency_avg_ms":24.9526,"latency_stddev_ms":4.2383,"latency_p95_ms":32.2930,"latency_p99_ms":38.6050},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":10297.1000,"transactions":308913,"latency_avg_ms":24.8626,"latency_stddev_ms":4.2544,"latency_p95_ms":32.4670,"latency_p99_ms":39.2930},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":9768.0667,"transactions":293042,"latency_avg_ms":26.2062,"latency_stddev_ms":5.6271,"latency_p95_ms":37.0080,"latency_p99_ms":45.0270},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":9712.0333,"transactions":291361,"latency_avg_ms":26.3580,"latency_stddev_ms":5.7840,"latency_p95_ms":37.1990,"latency_p99_ms":46.0840},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":9580.7667,"transactions":287423,"latency_avg_ms":26.7129,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9437,"latency_p95_ms":37.9770,"latency_p99_ms":45.5870},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":9791.3000,"transactions":293739,"latency_avg_ms":26.1459,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5742,"latency_p95_ms":36.8460,"latency_p99_ms":45.0890},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":9910.0333,"transactions":297301,"latency_avg_ms":25.8310,"latency_stddev_ms":5.4506,"latency_p95_ms":35.6430,"latency_p99_ms":44.4060},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":9657.4333,"transactions":289723,"latency_avg_ms":26.5018,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1455,"latency_p95_ms":37.5760,"latency_p99_ms":45.7510},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":9766.8667,"transactions":293006,"latency_avg_ms":26.2121,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1435,"latency_p95_ms":37.6290,"latency_p99_ms":46.9970},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":9916.4000,"transactions":297492,"latency_avg_ms":25.8152,"latency_stddev_ms":6.0011,"latency_p95_ms":36.6050,"latency_p99_ms":45.9240},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":9838.8000,"transactions":295164,"latency_avg_ms":26.0096,"latency_stddev_ms":6.0610,"latency_p95_ms":37.4360,"latency_p99_ms":45.7690},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":10110.1667,"transactions":303305,"latency_avg_ms":25.3158,"latency_stddev_ms":5.6263,"latency_p95_ms":35.6940,"latency_p99_ms":44.3650},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":10085.0333,"transactions":302551,"latency_avg_ms":25.3937,"latency_stddev_ms":6.0124,"latency_p95_ms":36.8750,"latency_p99_ms":45.9630},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":10099.3667,"transactions":302981,"latency_avg_ms":25.3361,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9436,"latency_p95_ms":35.9870,"latency_p99_ms":45.1230},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":10115.0667,"transactions":303452,"latency_avg_ms":25.3086,"latency_stddev_ms":6.0693,"latency_p95_ms":36.7560,"latency_p99_ms":45.6740},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":10059.5333,"transactions":301786,"latency_avg_ms":25.4420,"latency_stddev_ms":6.5841,"latency_p95_ms":37.1400,"latency_p99_ms":46.1100},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":10130.1333,"transactions":303904,"latency_avg_ms":24.8120,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1694,"latency_p95_ms":35.4780,"latency_p99_ms":45.4590}]},{"run":2,"tps":10465.1933,"transactions":6279116,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":24.4382,"latency_stddev_ms":5.4123,"initial_connection_time_ms":506.870,"latency_p95_ms":33.8360,"latency_p99_ms":42.5240,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":9869.3000,"transactions":296079,"latency_avg_ms":25.4048,"latency_stddev_ms":9.2297,"latency_p95_ms":32.3540,"latency_p99_ms":45.6720},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":10222.8333,"transactions":306685,"latency_avg_ms":25.0250,"latency_stddev_ms":4.1644,"latency_p95_ms":32.0380,"latency_p99_ms":39.8010},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":10124.3667,"transactions":303731,"latency_avg_ms":25.2843,"latency_stddev_ms":5.0288,"latency_p95_ms":34.1160,"latency_p99_ms":42.7650},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":10665.9000,"transactions":319977,"latency_avg_ms":24.0070,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3568,"latency_p95_ms":31.2700,"latency_p99_ms":40.2070},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":10386.7000,"transactions":311601,"latency_avg_ms":24.6395,"latency_stddev_ms":4.9021,"latency_p95_ms":33.3980,"latency_p99_ms":42.3530},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":10412.1333,"transactions":312364,"latency_avg_ms":24.5785,"latency_stddev_ms":5.1796,"latency_p95_ms":34.0360,"latency_p99_ms":42.4570},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":10448.7333,"transactions":313462,"latency_avg_ms":24.5014,"latency_stddev_ms":5.3418,"latency_p95_ms":34.3670,"latency_p99_ms":43.4010},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":10544.5333,"transactions":316336,"latency_avg_ms":24.2706,"latency_stddev_ms":5.1388,"latency_p95_ms":33.6130,"latency_p99_ms":42.7230},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":10365.0667,"transactions":310952,"latency_avg_ms":24.6995,"latency_stddev_ms":5.7123,"latency_p95_ms":35.7960,"latency_p99_ms":44.5730},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":10647.7000,"transactions":319431,"latency_avg_ms":24.0350,"latency_stddev_ms":5.0839,"latency_p95_ms":33.7500,"latency_p99_ms":41.9740},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":10403.1667,"transactions":312095,"latency_avg_ms":24.6083,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5974,"latency_p95_ms":35.0120,"latency_p99_ms":44.1660},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":10606.6333,"transactions":318199,"latency_avg_ms":24.1346,"latency_stddev_ms":5.0607,"latency_p95_ms":33.7490,"latency_p99_ms":42.2260},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":10543.8667,"transactions":316316,"latency_avg_ms":24.2776,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4392,"latency_p95_ms":32.0620,"latency_p99_ms":40.1240},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":10607.9000,"transactions":318237,"latency_avg_ms":24.1227,"latency_stddev_ms":5.2049,"latency_p95_ms":33.9890,"latency_p99_ms":41.9450},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":10771.4333,"transactions":323143,"latency_avg_ms":23.7696,"latency_stddev_ms":4.8789,"latency_p95_ms":32.8130,"latency_p99_ms":41.1620},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":10457.7667,"transactions":313733,"latency_avg_ms":24.4801,"latency_stddev_ms":5.3955,"latency_p95_ms":34.5100,"latency_p99_ms":42.4990},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":10806.4000,"transactions":324192,"latency_avg_ms":23.6870,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7018,"latency_p95_ms":32.3680,"latency_p99_ms":40.0430},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":10532.0000,"transactions":315960,"latency_avg_ms":24.2956,"latency_stddev_ms":5.3293,"latency_p95_ms":34.1250,"latency_p99_ms":42.0640},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":10482.5000,"transactions":314475,"latency_avg_ms":24.4166,"latency_stddev_ms":5.6829,"latency_p95_ms":35.2030,"latency_p99_ms":43.3420},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":10362.2667,"transactions":310868,"latency_avg_ms":24.7076,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9247,"latency_p95_ms":36.1790,"latency_p99_ms":44.6380},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":42.6667,"transactions":1280,"latency_avg_ms":23.0782,"latency_stddev_ms":6.5260,"latency_p95_ms":27.8720,"latency_p99_ms":34.9220}]},{"run":3,"tps":10631.4883,"transactions":6378893,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":24.0582,"latency_stddev_ms":5.6831,"initial_connection_time_ms":508.545,"latency_p95_ms":34.9240,"latency_p99_ms":44.5100,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":10520.0000,"transactions":315600,"latency_avg_ms":24.0712,"latency_stddev_ms":6.6228,"latency_p95_ms":34.2920,"latency_p99_ms":44.3520},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":10703.8667,"transactions":321116,"latency_avg_ms":23.9099,"latency_stddev_ms":5.3580,"latency_p95_ms":34.1100,"latency_p99_ms":44.3910},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":10596.1000,"transactions":317883,"latency_avg_ms":24.1560,"latency_stddev_ms":5.6711,"latency_p95_ms":35.1640,"latency_p99_ms":44.8450},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":10472.8667,"transactions":314186,"latency_avg_ms":24.4529,"latency_stddev_ms":6.0601,"latency_p95_ms":36.4560,"latency_p99_ms":45.6280},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":10405.0000,"transactions":312150,"latency_avg_ms":24.5959,"latency_stddev_ms":6.0835,"latency_p95_ms":36.7980,"latency_p99_ms":46.2790},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":10686.2333,"transactions":320587,"latency_avg_ms":23.9465,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5569,"latency_p95_ms":34.6370,"latency_p99_ms":44.1630},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":10705.9667,"transactions":321179,"latency_avg_ms":23.9157,"latency_stddev_ms":5.6536,"latency_p95_ms":35.1940,"latency_p99_ms":44.5910},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":10606.5667,"transactions":318197,"latency_avg_ms":24.1312,"latency_stddev_ms":5.7685,"latency_p95_ms":35.4520,"latency_p99_ms":44.6660},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":10544.2333,"transactions":316327,"latency_avg_ms":24.2754,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8862,"latency_p95_ms":35.9570,"latency_p99_ms":45.2330},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":10547.6667,"transactions":316430,"latency_avg_ms":24.2703,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8896,"latency_p95_ms":35.9630,"latency_p99_ms":44.9320},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":10651.0667,"transactions":319532,"latency_avg_ms":24.0275,"latency_stddev_ms":5.3703,"latency_p95_ms":34.4750,"latency_p99_ms":43.5540},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":10734.1333,"transactions":322024,"latency_avg_ms":23.8438,"latency_stddev_ms":5.6514,"latency_p95_ms":35.0500,"latency_p99_ms":44.3750},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":10698.2333,"transactions":320947,"latency_avg_ms":23.9319,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9052,"latency_p95_ms":35.6200,"latency_p99_ms":45.5060},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":10719.4000,"transactions":321582,"latency_avg_ms":23.8723,"latency_stddev_ms":5.4247,"latency_p95_ms":34.1480,"latency_p99_ms":43.7710},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":10780.3333,"transactions":323410,"latency_avg_ms":23.7505,"latency_stddev_ms":5.1643,"latency_p95_ms":33.4840,"latency_p99_ms":43.2010},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":10593.2667,"transactions":317798,"latency_avg_ms":24.1622,"latency_stddev_ms":5.7709,"latency_p95_ms":34.7920,"latency_p99_ms":44.6110},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":10776.9333,"transactions":323308,"latency_avg_ms":23.7553,"latency_stddev_ms":4.8247,"latency_p95_ms":32.4270,"latency_p99_ms":42.0130},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":10598.3333,"transactions":317950,"latency_avg_ms":24.1414,"latency_stddev_ms":5.4765,"latency_p95_ms":34.6070,"latency_p99_ms":44.5760},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":10809.6000,"transactions":324288,"latency_avg_ms":23.6803,"latency_stddev_ms":5.2349,"latency_p95_ms":33.5050,"latency_p99_ms":42.9670},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":10479.8000,"transactions":314394,"latency_avg_ms":24.3173,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9371,"latency_p95_ms":35.0790,"latency_p99_ms":44.9300},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":0.1667,"transactions":5,"latency_avg_ms":227.9648,"latency_stddev_ms":15.3217,"latency_p95_ms":255.0590,"latency_p99_ms":255.0590}]}],"source":"aurora/results/aurora_16cpu_128gb_34247_ha-1s-async_io-optimized.json","region":"us-east-2","cloud":"aws","ha_label":"HA – 1 standby – async"}
,{"system":"AWS Aurora","date":"2026-07-15","instance":{"type":"db.r6g.4xlarge","vcpus":16,"ram_gb":128,"instance_storage":"950 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"Aurora IO Optimized storage"},"machine":"16vCPU, 128GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","ha":{"label":"No HA","mode":"off","standbys":0,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"on","synchronous_standby_names":null}},"postgres_version":"18.3","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":34247,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":5766.742},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":10673.9300,"transactions":6404358,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":23.9635,"latency_stddev_ms":6.3339,"initial_connection_time_ms":470.598,"latency_p95_ms":34.1460,"latency_p99_ms":40.8560,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":9221.7333,"transactions":276652,"latency_avg_ms":27.3550,"latency_stddev_ms":7.2208,"latency_p95_ms":38.5340,"latency_p99_ms":46.4860},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":9804.2333,"transactions":294127,"latency_avg_ms":26.1002,"latency_stddev_ms":6.0680,"latency_p95_ms":36.0530,"latency_p99_ms":42.2860},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":9785.5000,"transactions":293565,"latency_avg_ms":26.1622,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1941,"latency_p95_ms":36.2370,"latency_p99_ms":42.1490},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":10266.6667,"transactions":308000,"latency_avg_ms":24.9209,"latency_stddev_ms":6.2091,"latency_p95_ms":34.8580,"latency_p99_ms":41.1150},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":10485.4333,"transactions":314563,"latency_avg_ms":24.4155,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9861,"latency_p95_ms":33.7450,"latency_p99_ms":39.8240},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":10698.5333,"transactions":320956,"latency_avg_ms":23.9264,"latency_stddev_ms":6.0253,"latency_p95_ms":33.4260,"latency_p99_ms":39.3380},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":10641.0667,"transactions":319232,"latency_avg_ms":24.0533,"latency_stddev_ms":6.0158,"latency_p95_ms":33.9090,"latency_p99_ms":39.6030},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":10844.2333,"transactions":325327,"latency_avg_ms":23.6091,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9560,"latency_p95_ms":33.2110,"latency_p99_ms":38.9780},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":10691.4333,"transactions":320743,"latency_avg_ms":23.9410,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1253,"latency_p95_ms":33.7530,"latency_p99_ms":40.2970},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":10776.5000,"transactions":323295,"latency_avg_ms":23.7554,"latency_stddev_ms":6.2991,"latency_p95_ms":33.7640,"latency_p99_ms":40.1820},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":10825.0000,"transactions":324750,"latency_avg_ms":23.6387,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1995,"latency_p95_ms":33.5900,"latency_p99_ms":40.4820},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":10995.3333,"transactions":329860,"latency_avg_ms":23.2838,"latency_stddev_ms":6.0405,"latency_p95_ms":32.9720,"latency_p99_ms":39.8980},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":10830.5667,"transactions":324917,"latency_avg_ms":23.6321,"latency_stddev_ms":6.2286,"latency_p95_ms":33.6130,"latency_p99_ms":40.8500},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":10972.4000,"transactions":329172,"latency_avg_ms":23.3324,"latency_stddev_ms":6.3714,"latency_p95_ms":33.4930,"latency_p99_ms":40.8760},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":10963.9667,"transactions":328919,"latency_avg_ms":23.3439,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1842,"latency_p95_ms":33.3390,"latency_p99_ms":40.2470},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":11131.0333,"transactions":333931,"latency_avg_ms":22.9915,"latency_stddev_ms":6.5626,"latency_p95_ms":32.8990,"latency_p99_ms":40.0310},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":10993.5667,"transactions":329807,"latency_avg_ms":23.2872,"latency_stddev_ms":6.2294,"latency_p95_ms":33.3950,"latency_p99_ms":40.3510},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":11208.2333,"transactions":336247,"latency_avg_ms":22.8369,"latency_stddev_ms":6.2788,"latency_p95_ms":32.8840,"latency_p99_ms":40.1130},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":11086.5667,"transactions":332597,"latency_avg_ms":23.0899,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1387,"latency_p95_ms":32.9640,"latency_p99_ms":39.8940},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":11252.7667,"transactions":337583,"latency_avg_ms":22.7238,"latency_stddev_ms":6.0408,"latency_p95_ms":32.5260,"latency_p99_ms":39.5650},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":3.8333,"transactions":115,"latency_avg_ms":96.0790,"latency_stddev_ms":43.5801,"latency_p95_ms":190.4330,"latency_p99_ms":205.3720}]},{"run":2,"tps":11170.0267,"transactions":6702016,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":22.8991,"latency_stddev_ms":7.6183,"initial_connection_time_ms":481.143,"latency_p95_ms":32.1360,"latency_p99_ms":39.4080,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":10105.7000,"transactions":303171,"latency_avg_ms":24.7408,"latency_stddev_ms":23.7478,"latency_p95_ms":34.5930,"latency_p99_ms":44.4790},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":10899.5333,"transactions":326986,"latency_avg_ms":23.4813,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9939,"latency_p95_ms":32.9420,"latency_p99_ms":40.3860},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":11006.1333,"transactions":330184,"latency_avg_ms":23.2574,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9794,"latency_p95_ms":32.6820,"latency_p99_ms":40.2690},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":11020.9333,"transactions":330628,"latency_avg_ms":23.2220,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8944,"latency_p95_ms":32.6450,"latency_p99_ms":39.8820},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":11193.5667,"transactions":335807,"latency_avg_ms":22.8741,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1486,"latency_p95_ms":31.8800,"latency_p99_ms":39.3200},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":11248.5333,"transactions":337456,"latency_avg_ms":22.7456,"latency_stddev_ms":5.6544,"latency_p95_ms":31.5960,"latency_p99_ms":38.5220},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":11277.9667,"transactions":338339,"latency_avg_ms":22.7008,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8768,"latency_p95_ms":31.7200,"latency_p99_ms":39.2090},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":11286.7000,"transactions":338601,"latency_avg_ms":22.6766,"latency_stddev_ms":5.6150,"latency_p95_ms":31.6540,"latency_p99_ms":38.9650},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":11373.3667,"transactions":341201,"latency_avg_ms":22.5071,"latency_stddev_ms":5.4614,"latency_p95_ms":31.2980,"latency_p99_ms":37.9750},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":11235.7333,"transactions":337072,"latency_avg_ms":22.7873,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5898,"latency_p95_ms":31.6690,"latency_p99_ms":38.0280},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":11229.1667,"transactions":336875,"latency_avg_ms":22.7879,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8308,"latency_p95_ms":31.9370,"latency_p99_ms":38.7430},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":11261.0667,"transactions":337832,"latency_avg_ms":22.7352,"latency_stddev_ms":5.6440,"latency_p95_ms":31.6570,"latency_p99_ms":38.6210},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":11222.4000,"transactions":336672,"latency_avg_ms":22.8018,"latency_stddev_ms":5.7174,"latency_p95_ms":31.8930,"latency_p99_ms":39.5240},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":11303.4000,"transactions":339102,"latency_avg_ms":22.6507,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5108,"latency_p95_ms":31.3790,"latency_p99_ms":38.0480},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":11282.1000,"transactions":338463,"latency_avg_ms":22.6910,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8162,"latency_p95_ms":32.2820,"latency_p99_ms":39.7320},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":11259.7667,"transactions":337793,"latency_avg_ms":22.7268,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8402,"latency_p95_ms":31.9930,"latency_p99_ms":39.6330},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":11304.4667,"transactions":339134,"latency_avg_ms":22.6410,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8626,"latency_p95_ms":31.8920,"latency_p99_ms":39.3120},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":11265.5333,"transactions":337966,"latency_avg_ms":22.7212,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9488,"latency_p95_ms":32.2130,"latency_p99_ms":39.5070},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":11270.5000,"transactions":338115,"latency_avg_ms":22.7085,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8295,"latency_p95_ms":32.0530,"latency_p99_ms":39.0460},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":11268.2333,"transactions":338047,"latency_avg_ms":22.7215,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9178,"latency_p95_ms":32.2260,"latency_p99_ms":39.0200},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":85.7333,"transactions":2572,"latency_avg_ms":27.2032,"latency_stddev_ms":24.0868,"latency_p95_ms":51.7510,"latency_p99_ms":167.2010}]},{"run":3,"tps":11190.1085,"transactions":6702875,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":22.8961,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1584,"initial_connection_time_ms":480.726,"latency_p95_ms":32.4150,"latency_p99_ms":39.7060,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":10717.8000,"transactions":321534,"latency_avg_ms":23.8304,"latency_stddev_ms":6.6800,"latency_p95_ms":34.0210,"latency_p99_ms":42.3740},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":10833.6667,"transactions":325010,"latency_avg_ms":23.6259,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1901,"latency_p95_ms":33.3770,"latency_p99_ms":42.0070},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":10895.1000,"transactions":326853,"latency_avg_ms":23.5000,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9251,"latency_p95_ms":32.8920,"latency_p99_ms":40.5370},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":11116.7667,"transactions":333503,"latency_avg_ms":23.0236,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8488,"latency_p95_ms":32.7190,"latency_p99_ms":39.7400},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":11140.4333,"transactions":334213,"latency_avg_ms":22.9744,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8040,"latency_p95_ms":32.4000,"latency_p99_ms":39.5220},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":11273.2000,"transactions":338196,"latency_avg_ms":22.7129,"latency_stddev_ms":5.7047,"latency_p95_ms":31.5960,"latency_p99_ms":39.3690},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":11232.3667,"transactions":336971,"latency_avg_ms":22.7761,"latency_stddev_ms":5.6642,"latency_p95_ms":31.6890,"latency_p99_ms":38.4250},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":11348.5000,"transactions":340455,"latency_avg_ms":22.5527,"latency_stddev_ms":5.6952,"latency_p95_ms":31.7320,"latency_p99_ms":39.2260},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":11263.5000,"transactions":337905,"latency_avg_ms":22.7295,"latency_stddev_ms":5.7861,"latency_p95_ms":32.0040,"latency_p99_ms":39.0170},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":11236.8667,"transactions":337106,"latency_avg_ms":22.7830,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5971,"latency_p95_ms":32.0650,"latency_p99_ms":38.3930},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":11174.9333,"transactions":335248,"latency_avg_ms":22.8975,"latency_stddev_ms":5.7794,"latency_p95_ms":32.3150,"latency_p99_ms":39.3030},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":11182.1667,"transactions":335465,"latency_avg_ms":22.8963,"latency_stddev_ms":8.9441,"latency_p95_ms":32.5880,"latency_p99_ms":40.9470},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":11191.5667,"transactions":335747,"latency_avg_ms":22.8719,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8740,"latency_p95_ms":32.4660,"latency_p99_ms":39.5570},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":11316.1333,"transactions":339484,"latency_avg_ms":22.6261,"latency_stddev_ms":6.9601,"latency_p95_ms":32.2230,"latency_p99_ms":39.5540},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":11187.1333,"transactions":335614,"latency_avg_ms":22.8741,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8599,"latency_p95_ms":32.5930,"latency_p99_ms":39.9320},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":11354.2333,"transactions":340627,"latency_avg_ms":22.5445,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1226,"latency_p95_ms":32.2190,"latency_p99_ms":39.2660},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":11186.5667,"transactions":335597,"latency_avg_ms":22.8832,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9539,"latency_p95_ms":32.6740,"latency_p99_ms":39.6550},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":11351.7000,"transactions":340551,"latency_avg_ms":22.5493,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8075,"latency_p95_ms":32.0140,"latency_p99_ms":38.9700},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":11256.3667,"transactions":337691,"latency_avg_ms":22.7339,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8630,"latency_p95_ms":32.3810,"latency_p99_ms":38.5140},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":11170.1667,"transactions":335105,"latency_avg_ms":22.6382,"latency_stddev_ms":6.0826,"latency_p95_ms":31.9960,"latency_p99_ms":39.1010}]}],"source":"aurora/results/aurora_16cpu_128gb_34247_io-optimized.json","ha_label":"No HA"}
,{"system":"AWS Aurora","date":"2026-07-15","instance":{"type":"db.r6g.4xlarge","vcpus":16,"ram_gb":128,"instance_storage":"950 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"Aurora standard storage"},"machine":"16vCPU, 128GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","ha":{"label":"No HA","mode":"off","standbys":0,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"on","synchronous_standby_names":null}},"postgres_version":"18.3","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":6849,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":890.048},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":10772.1102,"transactions":6452494,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":23.7828,"latency_stddev_ms":5.1961,"initial_connection_time_ms":491.823,"latency_p95_ms":30.7730,"latency_p99_ms":43.5530,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":8645.3333,"transactions":259360,"latency_avg_ms":29.5391,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9805,"latency_p95_ms":35.0790,"latency_p99_ms":52.7370},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":9350.4667,"transactions":280514,"latency_avg_ms":27.3606,"latency_stddev_ms":4.9219,"latency_p95_ms":32.6570,"latency_p99_ms":48.4030},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":9760.8333,"transactions":292825,"latency_avg_ms":26.2269,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7829,"latency_p95_ms":31.7320,"latency_p99_ms":48.0770},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":10025.6333,"transactions":300769,"latency_avg_ms":25.5398,"latency_stddev_ms":4.6577,"latency_p95_ms":30.7420,"latency_p99_ms":47.0850},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":10168.3333,"transactions":305050,"latency_avg_ms":25.1743,"latency_stddev_ms":4.6267,"latency_p95_ms":30.5850,"latency_p99_ms":47.0150},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":10204.2333,"transactions":306127,"latency_avg_ms":25.0788,"latency_stddev_ms":7.9578,"latency_p95_ms":30.5920,"latency_p99_ms":47.1390},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":10417.1333,"transactions":312514,"latency_avg_ms":24.5756,"latency_stddev_ms":4.6170,"latency_p95_ms":30.2810,"latency_p99_ms":45.8870},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":10507.9000,"transactions":315237,"latency_avg_ms":24.3524,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5932,"latency_p95_ms":30.0400,"latency_p99_ms":45.8290},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":10765.8667,"transactions":322976,"latency_avg_ms":23.7689,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5254,"latency_p95_ms":29.4210,"latency_p99_ms":44.6670},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":10944.5667,"transactions":328337,"latency_avg_ms":23.3868,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5171,"latency_p95_ms":28.9780,"latency_p99_ms":44.1320},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":11118.4333,"transactions":333553,"latency_avg_ms":23.0303,"latency_stddev_ms":4.6410,"latency_p95_ms":28.9350,"latency_p99_ms":43.6480},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":11134.2333,"transactions":334027,"latency_avg_ms":22.9876,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5409,"latency_p95_ms":28.8750,"latency_p99_ms":43.3950},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":11209.0333,"transactions":336271,"latency_avg_ms":22.8352,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5463,"latency_p95_ms":28.9390,"latency_p99_ms":42.7280},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":11341.4667,"transactions":340244,"latency_avg_ms":22.5617,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4880,"latency_p95_ms":28.6600,"latency_p99_ms":42.5700},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":11414.1667,"transactions":342425,"latency_avg_ms":22.4335,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4588,"latency_p95_ms":28.4240,"latency_p99_ms":42.2330},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":11452.4333,"transactions":343573,"latency_avg_ms":22.3512,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4525,"latency_p95_ms":28.5110,"latency_p99_ms":42.0270},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":11549.5333,"transactions":346486,"latency_avg_ms":22.1588,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3884,"latency_p95_ms":28.2590,"latency_p99_ms":41.4920},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":11669.0000,"transactions":350070,"latency_avg_ms":21.9362,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3222,"latency_p95_ms":27.9930,"latency_p99_ms":41.1100},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":11706.5333,"transactions":351196,"latency_avg_ms":21.8653,"latency_stddev_ms":4.2707,"latency_p95_ms":27.8850,"latency_p99_ms":40.8930},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":11698.0000,"transactions":350940,"latency_avg_ms":21.5959,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5706,"latency_p95_ms":27.7080,"latency_p99_ms":40.4480}]},{"run":2,"tps":11338.4775,"transactions":6791748,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":22.5956,"latency_stddev_ms":8.6491,"initial_connection_time_ms":461.490,"latency_p95_ms":28.5540,"latency_p99_ms":42.2260,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":10212.8000,"transactions":306384,"latency_avg_ms":24.9561,"latency_stddev_ms":5.0042,"latency_p95_ms":30.4780,"latency_p99_ms":48.0520},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":10450.2000,"transactions":313506,"latency_avg_ms":24.4931,"latency_stddev_ms":4.6558,"latency_p95_ms":30.1550,"latency_p99_ms":46.7510},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":10612.2667,"transactions":318368,"latency_avg_ms":24.1119,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5849,"latency_p95_ms":29.7170,"latency_p99_ms":45.9470},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":10746.2000,"transactions":322386,"latency_avg_ms":23.8137,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5520,"latency_p95_ms":29.3750,"latency_p99_ms":45.3090},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":10920.7333,"transactions":327622,"latency_avg_ms":23.4460,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4847,"latency_p95_ms":29.1260,"latency_p99_ms":44.2340},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":11041.7667,"transactions":331253,"latency_avg_ms":23.1729,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4812,"latency_p95_ms":28.7180,"latency_p99_ms":43.7340},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":11179.9333,"transactions":335398,"latency_avg_ms":22.8967,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4554,"latency_p95_ms":28.6820,"latency_p99_ms":42.9510},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":11195.6000,"transactions":335868,"latency_avg_ms":22.8673,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4784,"latency_p95_ms":28.5570,"latency_p99_ms":42.9960},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":11472.5333,"transactions":344176,"latency_avg_ms":22.3131,"latency_stddev_ms":4.2948,"latency_p95_ms":27.9980,"latency_p99_ms":41.8030},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":11526.9667,"transactions":345809,"latency_avg_ms":22.2038,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4710,"latency_p95_ms":28.3200,"latency_p99_ms":41.4830},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":11594.6667,"transactions":347840,"latency_avg_ms":22.0761,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3592,"latency_p95_ms":28.1130,"latency_p99_ms":41.3800},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":11681.8667,"transactions":350456,"latency_avg_ms":21.9045,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4026,"latency_p95_ms":28.0360,"latency_p99_ms":41.0890},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":11844.6333,"transactions":355339,"latency_avg_ms":21.6154,"latency_stddev_ms":4.2358,"latency_p95_ms":27.4500,"latency_p99_ms":40.4270},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":11861.5667,"transactions":355847,"latency_avg_ms":21.5739,"latency_stddev_ms":4.2806,"latency_p95_ms":27.4160,"latency_p99_ms":40.6070},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":11638.3333,"transactions":349150,"latency_avg_ms":21.9934,"latency_stddev_ms":13.1004,"latency_p95_ms":27.6850,"latency_p99_ms":41.2250},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":11546.3667,"transactions":346391,"latency_avg_ms":22.1627,"latency_stddev_ms":16.0256,"latency_p95_ms":27.5570,"latency_p99_ms":41.0420},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":11481.1000,"transactions":344433,"latency_avg_ms":22.3022,"latency_stddev_ms":18.3191,"latency_p95_ms":27.6020,"latency_p99_ms":41.0920},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":11607.0333,"transactions":348211,"latency_avg_ms":22.0527,"latency_stddev_ms":17.2850,"latency_p95_ms":27.4890,"latency_p99_ms":40.7530},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":11991.3667,"transactions":359741,"latency_avg_ms":21.3387,"latency_stddev_ms":4.2472,"latency_p95_ms":27.3370,"latency_p99_ms":39.9790},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":11785.6667,"transactions":353570,"latency_avg_ms":21.5048,"latency_stddev_ms":9.5467,"latency_p95_ms":27.0880,"latency_p99_ms":40.1620}]},{"run":3,"tps":11823.5159,"transactions":7082286,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":21.6675,"latency_stddev_ms":5.3636,"initial_connection_time_ms":479.157,"latency_p95_ms":27.9320,"latency_p99_ms":40.4190,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":10431.0667,"transactions":312932,"latency_avg_ms":24.3635,"latency_stddev_ms":5.0087,"latency_p95_ms":29.9710,"latency_p99_ms":46.7980},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":10682.0333,"transactions":320461,"latency_avg_ms":23.9761,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5952,"latency_p95_ms":29.4070,"latency_p99_ms":45.8890},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":10921.7000,"transactions":327651,"latency_avg_ms":23.4232,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5327,"latency_p95_ms":29.0490,"latency_p99_ms":44.4160},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":10991.9667,"transactions":329759,"latency_avg_ms":23.2943,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4814,"latency_p95_ms":28.9800,"latency_p99_ms":43.9020},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":11248.8333,"transactions":337465,"latency_avg_ms":22.7463,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4639,"latency_p95_ms":28.5240,"latency_p99_ms":42.6970},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":11396.9667,"transactions":341909,"latency_avg_ms":22.4642,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5864,"latency_p95_ms":28.4840,"latency_p99_ms":42.4980},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":11612.0667,"transactions":348362,"latency_avg_ms":22.0477,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5101,"latency_p95_ms":28.1000,"latency_p99_ms":41.3840},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":11735.7000,"transactions":352071,"latency_avg_ms":21.8088,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4208,"latency_p95_ms":27.7930,"latency_p99_ms":40.9610},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":11881.9333,"transactions":356458,"latency_avg_ms":21.5393,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3895,"latency_p95_ms":27.6600,"latency_p99_ms":40.3610},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":11966.4667,"transactions":358994,"latency_avg_ms":21.3866,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4053,"latency_p95_ms":27.4910,"latency_p99_ms":39.9800},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":12113.9000,"transactions":363417,"latency_avg_ms":21.1325,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4725,"latency_p95_ms":27.4680,"latency_p99_ms":39.7240},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":12229.7000,"transactions":366891,"latency_avg_ms":20.9218,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3245,"latency_p95_ms":27.0970,"latency_p99_ms":39.3000},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":12269.0000,"transactions":368070,"latency_avg_ms":20.8701,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3054,"latency_p95_ms":27.1750,"latency_p99_ms":39.0620},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":12140.0333,"transactions":364201,"latency_avg_ms":21.0764,"latency_stddev_ms":13.0677,"latency_p95_ms":26.9750,"latency_p99_ms":39.9530},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":12342.4333,"transactions":370273,"latency_avg_ms":20.7346,"latency_stddev_ms":4.2474,"latency_p95_ms":26.8370,"latency_p99_ms":38.6520},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":12340.1000,"transactions":370203,"latency_avg_ms":20.7501,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3322,"latency_p95_ms":26.8930,"latency_p99_ms":39.0000},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":12377.5333,"transactions":371326,"latency_avg_ms":20.6755,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3250,"latency_p95_ms":26.9400,"latency_p99_ms":38.8750},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":12467.7333,"transactions":374032,"latency_avg_ms":20.5337,"latency_stddev_ms":4.2172,"latency_p95_ms":26.6540,"latency_p99_ms":38.4020},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":12465.7333,"transactions":373972,"latency_avg_ms":20.5277,"latency_stddev_ms":4.1772,"latency_p95_ms":26.6010,"latency_p99_ms":38.4880},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":12461.3000,"transactions":373839,"latency_avg_ms":20.3648,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4264,"latency_p95_ms":26.5080,"latency_p99_ms":38.1850}]}],"source":"aurora/results/aurora_16cpu_128gb_6849.json","region":"us-east-2","cloud":"aws","ha_label":"No HA"}
,{"system":"AWS Aurora","date":"2026-07-16","instance":{"type":"db.r6g.4xlarge","vcpus":16,"ram_gb":128,"instance_storage":"950 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"Aurora Standard storage"},"machine":"16vCPU, 128GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","ha":{"label":"HA – 1 standby – async","mode":"async","standbys":1,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"on","synchronous_standby_names":null}},"postgres_version":"18.3","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":6849,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":829.969},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":9993.1603,"transactions":5985903,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":25.6370,"latency_stddev_ms":9.6995,"initial_connection_time_ms":470.480,"latency_p95_ms":32.3490,"latency_p99_ms":47.7920,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":8792.9000,"transactions":263787,"latency_avg_ms":29.0647,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1110,"latency_p95_ms":35.7000,"latency_p99_ms":51.8570},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":8917.1333,"transactions":267514,"latency_avg_ms":28.7023,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0787,"latency_p95_ms":34.8120,"latency_p99_ms":52.7380},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":9024.6667,"transactions":270740,"latency_avg_ms":28.3645,"latency_stddev_ms":12.0085,"latency_p95_ms":33.5850,"latency_p99_ms":53.3700},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":9292.4333,"transactions":278773,"latency_avg_ms":27.5500,"latency_stddev_ms":5.0976,"latency_p95_ms":33.5260,"latency_p99_ms":51.9350},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":9267.7000,"transactions":278031,"latency_avg_ms":27.6223,"latency_stddev_ms":15.9730,"latency_p95_ms":32.9450,"latency_p99_ms":51.6690},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":8627.0333,"transactions":258811,"latency_avg_ms":29.6723,"latency_stddev_ms":33.4621,"latency_p95_ms":32.7600,"latency_p99_ms":55.7200},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":9677.3333,"transactions":290320,"latency_avg_ms":26.4372,"latency_stddev_ms":4.8339,"latency_p95_ms":32.2310,"latency_p99_ms":49.9750},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":9722.8000,"transactions":291684,"latency_avg_ms":26.3356,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7764,"latency_p95_ms":32.0840,"latency_p99_ms":50.0280},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":9909.1333,"transactions":297274,"latency_avg_ms":25.8337,"latency_stddev_ms":4.8833,"latency_p95_ms":32.3190,"latency_p99_ms":48.7620},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":10030.6667,"transactions":300920,"latency_avg_ms":25.5094,"latency_stddev_ms":4.8961,"latency_p95_ms":31.5480,"latency_p99_ms":48.6670},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":10119.3000,"transactions":303579,"latency_avg_ms":25.2869,"latency_stddev_ms":4.9934,"latency_p95_ms":31.6340,"latency_p99_ms":48.3370},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":10521.2333,"transactions":315637,"latency_avg_ms":24.3404,"latency_stddev_ms":4.9085,"latency_p95_ms":30.6740,"latency_p99_ms":46.3110},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":10485.2667,"transactions":314558,"latency_avg_ms":24.4103,"latency_stddev_ms":4.8632,"latency_p95_ms":30.8950,"latency_p99_ms":46.3560},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":10648.7000,"transactions":319461,"latency_avg_ms":24.0386,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7238,"latency_p95_ms":30.1960,"latency_p99_ms":45.6390},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":10642.3667,"transactions":319271,"latency_avg_ms":24.0453,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7810,"latency_p95_ms":30.3260,"latency_p99_ms":45.5430},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":10596.7667,"transactions":317903,"latency_avg_ms":24.1520,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7332,"latency_p95_ms":30.4220,"latency_p99_ms":45.6200},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":10812.6000,"transactions":324378,"latency_avg_ms":23.6800,"latency_stddev_ms":4.8931,"latency_p95_ms":30.6820,"latency_p99_ms":44.6540},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":10806.5667,"transactions":324197,"latency_avg_ms":23.6810,"latency_stddev_ms":4.8293,"latency_p95_ms":30.7780,"latency_p99_ms":44.7570},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":10847.5333,"transactions":325426,"latency_avg_ms":23.5952,"latency_stddev_ms":4.6639,"latency_p95_ms":30.0190,"latency_p99_ms":44.4850},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":10787.9667,"transactions":323639,"latency_avg_ms":23.4045,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5866,"latency_p95_ms":29.6440,"latency_p99_ms":44.1480}]},{"run":2,"tps":11438.8617,"transactions":6863317,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":22.3592,"latency_stddev_ms":5.0587,"initial_connection_time_ms":473.036,"latency_p95_ms":29.6290,"latency_p99_ms":41.3160,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":9604.3667,"transactions":288131,"latency_avg_ms":26.0098,"latency_stddev_ms":5.2026,"latency_p95_ms":32.0440,"latency_p99_ms":49.9700},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":9899.2333,"transactions":296977,"latency_avg_ms":25.8501,"latency_stddev_ms":4.8484,"latency_p95_ms":31.9780,"latency_p99_ms":49.4020},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":9930.0000,"transactions":297900,"latency_avg_ms":25.7916,"latency_stddev_ms":4.8255,"latency_p95_ms":31.8460,"latency_p99_ms":49.3290},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":10114.6667,"transactions":303440,"latency_avg_ms":25.3036,"latency_stddev_ms":4.8453,"latency_p95_ms":31.7050,"latency_p99_ms":48.1470},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":10111.1000,"transactions":303333,"latency_avg_ms":25.3188,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7433,"latency_p95_ms":31.3770,"latency_p99_ms":48.0370},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":10362.3667,"transactions":310871,"latency_avg_ms":24.6995,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7870,"latency_p95_ms":30.8510,"latency_p99_ms":47.0490},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":10430.4667,"transactions":312914,"latency_avg_ms":24.5417,"latency_stddev_ms":4.6781,"latency_p95_ms":30.8990,"latency_p99_ms":46.2250},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":11317.6667,"transactions":339530,"latency_avg_ms":22.6132,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7696,"latency_p95_ms":29.4410,"latency_p99_ms":42.3430},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":11760.1000,"transactions":352803,"latency_avg_ms":21.7576,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5388,"latency_p95_ms":28.2740,"latency_p99_ms":40.4600},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":11994.6333,"transactions":359839,"latency_avg_ms":21.3460,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4593,"latency_p95_ms":28.1310,"latency_p99_ms":39.7530},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":12077.2333,"transactions":362317,"latency_avg_ms":21.1916,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3981,"latency_p95_ms":27.4270,"latency_p99_ms":39.6000},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":12125.9667,"transactions":363779,"latency_avg_ms":21.1091,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5543,"latency_p95_ms":27.9300,"latency_p99_ms":39.5180},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":12257.6333,"transactions":367729,"latency_avg_ms":20.8812,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4752,"latency_p95_ms":27.5920,"latency_p99_ms":39.0410},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":12350.4667,"transactions":370514,"latency_avg_ms":20.7204,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4387,"latency_p95_ms":27.2410,"latency_p99_ms":38.5890},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":12396.9000,"transactions":371907,"latency_avg_ms":20.6400,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4172,"latency_p95_ms":27.2370,"latency_p99_ms":38.4820},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":12459.4667,"transactions":373784,"latency_avg_ms":20.5493,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4747,"latency_p95_ms":27.4280,"latency_p99_ms":38.3950},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":12527.7333,"transactions":375832,"latency_avg_ms":20.4323,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5192,"latency_p95_ms":27.4790,"latency_p99_ms":38.2140},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":12200.8667,"transactions":366026,"latency_avg_ms":20.9753,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5024,"latency_p95_ms":27.5490,"latency_p99_ms":39.2460},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":12241.4000,"transactions":367242,"latency_avg_ms":20.9147,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5635,"latency_p95_ms":27.8250,"latency_p99_ms":39.0990},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":12512.9667,"transactions":375389,"latency_avg_ms":20.4561,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3899,"latency_p95_ms":26.8500,"latency_p99_ms":38.2750},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":102.0000,"transactions":3060,"latency_avg_ms":21.5731,"latency_stddev_ms":13.2398,"latency_p95_ms":32.9890,"latency_p99_ms":43.5160}]},{"run":3,"tps":12355.4633,"transactions":7413278,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":20.7006,"latency_stddev_ms":5.4643,"initial_connection_time_ms":460.421,"latency_p95_ms":27.3090,"latency_p99_ms":38.7230,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":10724.4667,"transactions":321734,"latency_avg_ms":23.1417,"latency_stddev_ms":4.9692,"latency_p95_ms":29.0930,"latency_p99_ms":44.6570},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":11304.5000,"transactions":339135,"latency_avg_ms":22.6386,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5487,"latency_p95_ms":28.4840,"latency_p99_ms":43.0730},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":11544.7000,"transactions":346341,"latency_avg_ms":22.1775,"latency_stddev_ms":4.6010,"latency_p95_ms":28.1360,"latency_p99_ms":42.1810},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":11717.8667,"transactions":351536,"latency_avg_ms":21.8415,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5194,"latency_p95_ms":27.8690,"latency_p99_ms":41.1230},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":11874.2333,"transactions":356227,"latency_avg_ms":21.5549,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5390,"latency_p95_ms":27.7140,"latency_p99_ms":40.7220},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":12165.2333,"transactions":364957,"latency_avg_ms":21.0406,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5386,"latency_p95_ms":27.3210,"latency_p99_ms":39.5370},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":12158.7000,"transactions":364761,"latency_avg_ms":21.0537,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7844,"latency_p95_ms":27.9030,"latency_p99_ms":39.3920},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":12380.6000,"transactions":371418,"latency_avg_ms":20.6702,"latency_stddev_ms":4.6415,"latency_p95_ms":27.5380,"latency_p99_ms":38.7720},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":12563.0000,"transactions":376890,"latency_avg_ms":20.3692,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5162,"latency_p95_ms":26.8140,"latency_p99_ms":38.1080},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":12664.0000,"transactions":379920,"latency_avg_ms":20.2148,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4472,"latency_p95_ms":26.8520,"latency_p99_ms":37.5460},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":12676.7667,"transactions":380303,"latency_avg_ms":20.1882,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4898,"latency_p95_ms":26.8040,"latency_p99_ms":37.6480},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":12676.8000,"transactions":380304,"latency_avg_ms":20.1952,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5383,"latency_p95_ms":26.8580,"latency_p99_ms":37.6490},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":12692.7000,"transactions":380781,"latency_avg_ms":20.1640,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4230,"latency_p95_ms":26.4970,"latency_p99_ms":37.8130},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":12778.5000,"transactions":383355,"latency_avg_ms":20.0236,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5361,"latency_p95_ms":26.7850,"latency_p99_ms":37.4270},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":12531.1667,"transactions":375935,"latency_avg_ms":20.4346,"latency_stddev_ms":13.3916,"latency_p95_ms":27.0530,"latency_p99_ms":38.8840},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":12905.3667,"transactions":387161,"latency_avg_ms":19.8266,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4987,"latency_p95_ms":26.5250,"latency_p99_ms":37.0930},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":12802.7667,"transactions":384083,"latency_avg_ms":19.9942,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5788,"latency_p95_ms":26.8940,"latency_p99_ms":37.5050},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":12855.0000,"transactions":385650,"latency_avg_ms":19.9111,"latency_stddev_ms":4.6315,"latency_p95_ms":26.9470,"latency_p99_ms":37.7670},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":12992.1667,"transactions":389765,"latency_avg_ms":19.7030,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4185,"latency_p95_ms":26.1660,"latency_p99_ms":37.1400},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":12911.6667,"transactions":387350,"latency_avg_ms":19.8203,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5278,"latency_p95_ms":26.6380,"latency_p99_ms":37.0070},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":189.0667,"transactions":5672,"latency_avg_ms":21.2159,"latency_stddev_ms":11.0732,"latency_p95_ms":27.2640,"latency_p99_ms":42.7500}]}],"source":"aurora/results/aurora_16cpu_128gb_6849_ha-1s-async.json","ha_label":"HA – 1 standby – async"}
,{"system":"AWS Aurora","date":"2026-07-16","instance":{"type":"db.r6g.4xlarge","vcpus":16,"ram_gb":128,"instance_storage":"950 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"Aurora IO Optimized storage"},"machine":"16vCPU, 128GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","ha":{"label":"HA – 1 standby – async","mode":"async","standbys":1,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"on","synchronous_standby_names":null}},"postgres_version":"18.3","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":6849,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":926.141},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":11482.5617,"transactions":6889537,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":22.2742,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8794,"initial_connection_time_ms":516.111,"latency_p95_ms":31.8240,"latency_p99_ms":40.1870,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":9087.0000,"transactions":272610,"latency_avg_ms":27.4258,"latency_stddev_ms":8.4061,"latency_p95_ms":39.8570,"latency_p99_ms":51.9480},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":10136.2333,"transactions":304087,"latency_avg_ms":25.2602,"latency_stddev_ms":5.1853,"latency_p95_ms":34.0650,"latency_p99_ms":41.6370},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":10460.6000,"transactions":313818,"latency_avg_ms":24.4728,"latency_stddev_ms":5.1995,"latency_p95_ms":33.5740,"latency_p99_ms":41.2980},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":10746.0000,"transactions":322380,"latency_avg_ms":23.8269,"latency_stddev_ms":5.3945,"latency_p95_ms":33.0820,"latency_p99_ms":41.5130},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":10886.8333,"transactions":326605,"latency_avg_ms":23.5086,"latency_stddev_ms":5.2382,"latency_p95_ms":33.2300,"latency_p99_ms":41.0360},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":10971.5333,"transactions":329146,"latency_avg_ms":23.3238,"latency_stddev_ms":6.4715,"latency_p95_ms":33.0150,"latency_p99_ms":41.1810},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":11006.3667,"transactions":330191,"latency_avg_ms":23.2609,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5285,"latency_p95_ms":33.6870,"latency_p99_ms":42.3860},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":11434.5000,"transactions":343035,"latency_avg_ms":22.3837,"latency_stddev_ms":4.9444,"latency_p95_ms":31.7310,"latency_p99_ms":39.7470},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":11366.1333,"transactions":340984,"latency_avg_ms":22.5202,"latency_stddev_ms":5.2273,"latency_p95_ms":32.3340,"latency_p99_ms":40.6930},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":11710.7667,"transactions":351323,"latency_avg_ms":21.8576,"latency_stddev_ms":4.8803,"latency_p95_ms":30.6350,"latency_p99_ms":39.3470},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":11851.6333,"transactions":355549,"latency_avg_ms":21.5986,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7704,"latency_p95_ms":30.0290,"latency_p99_ms":39.3020},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":11911.1667,"transactions":357335,"latency_avg_ms":21.4902,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5876,"latency_p95_ms":28.8700,"latency_p99_ms":39.4630},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":12087.4333,"transactions":362623,"latency_avg_ms":21.1756,"latency_stddev_ms":4.2945,"latency_p95_ms":28.1650,"latency_p99_ms":38.0090},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":12023.0333,"transactions":360691,"latency_avg_ms":21.2895,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4324,"latency_p95_ms":28.6660,"latency_p99_ms":38.8770},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":12104.2333,"transactions":363127,"latency_avg_ms":21.1485,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7054,"latency_p95_ms":28.7500,"latency_p99_ms":37.6920},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":12099.3333,"transactions":362980,"latency_avg_ms":21.1514,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4738,"latency_p95_ms":29.0580,"latency_p99_ms":37.8130},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":12059.6000,"transactions":361788,"latency_avg_ms":21.2211,"latency_stddev_ms":8.5672,"latency_p95_ms":29.9010,"latency_p99_ms":38.6190},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":12217.6667,"transactions":366530,"latency_avg_ms":20.9536,"latency_stddev_ms":8.2843,"latency_p95_ms":28.4190,"latency_p99_ms":37.3500},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":12336.7333,"transactions":370102,"latency_avg_ms":20.7485,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3839,"latency_p95_ms":28.6740,"latency_p99_ms":36.7980},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":13037.9667,"transactions":391139,"latency_avg_ms":19.6307,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7410,"latency_p95_ms":28.6260,"latency_p99_ms":35.3770},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":116.4667,"transactions":3494,"latency_avg_ms":22.7005,"latency_stddev_ms":20.0256,"latency_p95_ms":34.9070,"latency_p99_ms":134.1970}]},{"run":2,"tps":13174.6467,"transactions":7904788,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":19.4124,"latency_stddev_ms":5.4227,"initial_connection_time_ms":540.268,"latency_p95_ms":30.0020,"latency_p99_ms":37.8310,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":12478.6000,"transactions":374358,"latency_avg_ms":20.0246,"latency_stddev_ms":5.7254,"latency_p95_ms":29.8740,"latency_p99_ms":37.6420},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":12847.6000,"transactions":385428,"latency_avg_ms":19.9183,"latency_stddev_ms":4.8738,"latency_p95_ms":29.8390,"latency_p99_ms":37.5080},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":12963.9667,"transactions":388919,"latency_avg_ms":19.7485,"latency_stddev_ms":4.8983,"latency_p95_ms":29.6610,"latency_p99_ms":37.3200},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":12864.6000,"transactions":385938,"latency_avg_ms":19.8881,"latency_stddev_ms":5.0807,"latency_p95_ms":30.0660,"latency_p99_ms":37.6790},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":12907.4667,"transactions":387224,"latency_avg_ms":19.8341,"latency_stddev_ms":4.9990,"latency_p95_ms":29.6520,"latency_p99_ms":37.4670},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":13074.4000,"transactions":392232,"latency_avg_ms":19.5790,"latency_stddev_ms":5.0140,"latency_p95_ms":29.2790,"latency_p99_ms":37.2300},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":12981.6667,"transactions":389450,"latency_avg_ms":19.7196,"latency_stddev_ms":5.1640,"latency_p95_ms":29.9880,"latency_p99_ms":37.5650},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":12994.1000,"transactions":389823,"latency_avg_ms":19.6943,"latency_stddev_ms":5.4331,"latency_p95_ms":30.4490,"latency_p99_ms":38.1300},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":13207.3333,"transactions":396220,"latency_avg_ms":19.3810,"latency_stddev_ms":5.2317,"latency_p95_ms":29.5380,"latency_p99_ms":37.3940},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":13255.7000,"transactions":397671,"latency_avg_ms":19.3094,"latency_stddev_ms":5.4589,"latency_p95_ms":30.1160,"latency_p99_ms":37.7970},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":13243.6000,"transactions":397308,"latency_avg_ms":19.3269,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5420,"latency_p95_ms":30.2980,"latency_p99_ms":38.2710},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":13264.6333,"transactions":397939,"latency_avg_ms":19.2989,"latency_stddev_ms":5.4971,"latency_p95_ms":30.1330,"latency_p99_ms":38.2430},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":13382.2333,"transactions":401467,"latency_avg_ms":19.1254,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5089,"latency_p95_ms":30.0060,"latency_p99_ms":37.8560},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":13193.1667,"transactions":395795,"latency_avg_ms":19.4016,"latency_stddev_ms":5.7933,"latency_p95_ms":30.7960,"latency_p99_ms":39.0110},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":13380.6000,"transactions":401418,"latency_avg_ms":19.1282,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5614,"latency_p95_ms":30.1590,"latency_p99_ms":37.9990},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":13441.1000,"transactions":403233,"latency_avg_ms":19.0438,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5386,"latency_p95_ms":29.9950,"latency_p99_ms":37.9790},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":13480.5000,"transactions":404415,"latency_avg_ms":18.9866,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5144,"latency_p95_ms":29.9120,"latency_p99_ms":37.6110},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":13483.9000,"transactions":404517,"latency_avg_ms":18.9835,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5215,"latency_p95_ms":29.9160,"latency_p99_ms":37.8630},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":13485.2333,"transactions":404557,"latency_avg_ms":18.9815,"latency_stddev_ms":5.7430,"latency_p95_ms":29.8980,"latency_p99_ms":38.1130},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":13477.0000,"transactions":404310,"latency_avg_ms":18.9872,"latency_stddev_ms":5.6503,"latency_p95_ms":30.0490,"latency_p99_ms":38.3970},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":85.5333,"transactions":2566,"latency_avg_ms":23.3024,"latency_stddev_ms":22.0804,"latency_p95_ms":47.7420,"latency_p99_ms":136.3490}]},{"run":3,"tps":13438.9900,"transactions":8049955,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":19.0610,"latency_stddev_ms":5.1531,"initial_connection_time_ms":534.250,"latency_p95_ms":29.1970,"latency_p99_ms":35.9640,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":13025.5333,"transactions":390766,"latency_avg_ms":19.5594,"latency_stddev_ms":5.3971,"latency_p95_ms":28.0080,"latency_p99_ms":36.8040},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":13424.2000,"transactions":402726,"latency_avg_ms":19.0633,"latency_stddev_ms":3.9801,"latency_p95_ms":26.4440,"latency_p99_ms":35.4270},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":12745.5000,"transactions":382365,"latency_avg_ms":20.0812,"latency_stddev_ms":6.8946,"latency_p95_ms":31.4860,"latency_p99_ms":40.0770},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":13224.2333,"transactions":396727,"latency_avg_ms":19.3534,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7765,"latency_p95_ms":29.2010,"latency_p99_ms":36.3050},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":13293.6000,"transactions":398808,"latency_avg_ms":19.2533,"latency_stddev_ms":4.8606,"latency_p95_ms":29.2930,"latency_p99_ms":36.0970},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":13395.9667,"transactions":401879,"latency_avg_ms":19.1099,"latency_stddev_ms":4.8993,"latency_p95_ms":29.0500,"latency_p99_ms":35.8240},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":13411.6333,"transactions":402349,"latency_avg_ms":19.0876,"latency_stddev_ms":4.9839,"latency_p95_ms":29.2410,"latency_p99_ms":35.6690},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":13512.2667,"transactions":405368,"latency_avg_ms":18.9418,"latency_stddev_ms":4.9790,"latency_p95_ms":29.1040,"latency_p99_ms":35.5960},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":13421.5667,"transactions":402647,"latency_avg_ms":19.0689,"latency_stddev_ms":5.2658,"latency_p95_ms":29.8770,"latency_p99_ms":36.2310},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":13499.9667,"transactions":404999,"latency_avg_ms":18.9561,"latency_stddev_ms":5.1065,"latency_p95_ms":29.3590,"latency_p99_ms":35.7310},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":13461.5000,"transactions":403845,"latency_avg_ms":19.0199,"latency_stddev_ms":4.9833,"latency_p95_ms":29.0460,"latency_p99_ms":35.3130},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":13496.0667,"transactions":404882,"latency_avg_ms":18.9652,"latency_stddev_ms":4.9564,"latency_p95_ms":28.9380,"latency_p99_ms":35.2720},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":13491.0333,"transactions":404731,"latency_avg_ms":18.9708,"latency_stddev_ms":5.0181,"latency_p95_ms":28.9710,"latency_p99_ms":35.3110},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":13279.9333,"transactions":398398,"latency_avg_ms":19.2747,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5622,"latency_p95_ms":30.2590,"latency_p99_ms":37.4650},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":13599.0000,"transactions":407970,"latency_avg_ms":18.8247,"latency_stddev_ms":5.0851,"latency_p95_ms":29.0760,"latency_p99_ms":35.4390},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":13608.4000,"transactions":408252,"latency_avg_ms":18.8068,"latency_stddev_ms":5.0733,"latency_p95_ms":29.0460,"latency_p99_ms":35.1840},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":13570.7333,"transactions":407122,"latency_avg_ms":18.8606,"latency_stddev_ms":5.1957,"latency_p95_ms":29.2420,"latency_p99_ms":35.4640},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":13718.4000,"transactions":411552,"latency_avg_ms":18.6592,"latency_stddev_ms":5.0788,"latency_p95_ms":28.9210,"latency_p99_ms":35.1880},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":13637.7333,"transactions":409132,"latency_avg_ms":18.7675,"latency_stddev_ms":5.2371,"latency_p95_ms":29.4000,"latency_p99_ms":35.4060},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":13514.5667,"transactions":405437,"latency_avg_ms":18.6974,"latency_stddev_ms":5.1517,"latency_p95_ms":28.8220,"latency_p99_ms":35.2940}]}],"source":"aurora/results/aurora_16cpu_128gb_6849_ha-1s-async_io-optimized.json","region":"us-east-2","cloud":"aws","ha_label":"HA – 1 standby – async"}
,{"system":"AWS Aurora","date":"2026-07-15","instance":{"type":"db.r6g.4xlarge","vcpus":16,"ram_gb":128,"instance_storage":"950 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"Aurora IO Optimized storage"},"machine":"16vCPU, 128GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","ha":{"label":"No HA","mode":"off","standbys":0,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"on","synchronous_standby_names":null}},"postgres_version":"18.3","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":6849,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":894.934},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":13128.5967,"transactions":7877158,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":19.4821,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9277,"initial_connection_time_ms":486.794,"latency_p95_ms":29.8960,"latency_p99_ms":37.0370,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":10950.8000,"transactions":328524,"latency_avg_ms":23.0257,"latency_stddev_ms":6.7911,"latency_p95_ms":33.0700,"latency_p99_ms":42.0550},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":11525.1667,"transactions":345755,"latency_avg_ms":22.2169,"latency_stddev_ms":6.6014,"latency_p95_ms":32.4620,"latency_p99_ms":40.6560},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":11938.2333,"transactions":358147,"latency_avg_ms":21.4392,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8262,"latency_p95_ms":31.4270,"latency_p99_ms":39.3700},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":12364.0333,"transactions":370921,"latency_avg_ms":20.7004,"latency_stddev_ms":5.3986,"latency_p95_ms":30.2670,"latency_p99_ms":38.1250},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":12458.7333,"transactions":373762,"latency_avg_ms":20.5448,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5416,"latency_p95_ms":30.5760,"latency_p99_ms":38.1480},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":12657.8667,"transactions":379736,"latency_avg_ms":20.2227,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5791,"latency_p95_ms":30.0520,"latency_p99_ms":37.7950},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":12763.0667,"transactions":382892,"latency_avg_ms":20.0517,"latency_stddev_ms":5.4824,"latency_p95_ms":30.1380,"latency_p99_ms":37.6010},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":12897.6667,"transactions":386930,"latency_avg_ms":19.8422,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5294,"latency_p95_ms":29.8560,"latency_p99_ms":37.2000},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":13016.4667,"transactions":390494,"latency_avg_ms":19.6643,"latency_stddev_ms":5.4185,"latency_p95_ms":29.6330,"latency_p99_ms":37.2610},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":13234.6667,"transactions":397040,"latency_avg_ms":19.3396,"latency_stddev_ms":5.2959,"latency_p95_ms":29.1470,"latency_p99_ms":36.3370},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":13137.1000,"transactions":394113,"latency_avg_ms":19.4862,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5078,"latency_p95_ms":29.6820,"latency_p99_ms":36.8580},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":13175.7000,"transactions":395271,"latency_avg_ms":19.4267,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5236,"latency_p95_ms":29.7370,"latency_p99_ms":37.0400},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":13191.7667,"transactions":395753,"latency_avg_ms":19.4045,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5279,"latency_p95_ms":29.4620,"latency_p99_ms":36.6530},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":13243.0667,"transactions":397292,"latency_avg_ms":19.3268,"latency_stddev_ms":5.6034,"latency_p95_ms":29.6790,"latency_p99_ms":36.7970},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":13888.8667,"transactions":416666,"latency_avg_ms":18.4257,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9417,"latency_p95_ms":29.2390,"latency_p99_ms":35.8820},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":14375.2000,"transactions":431256,"latency_avg_ms":17.8063,"latency_stddev_ms":5.7488,"latency_p95_ms":28.6660,"latency_p99_ms":34.1810},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":14378.6333,"transactions":431359,"latency_avg_ms":17.8026,"latency_stddev_ms":5.6756,"latency_p95_ms":28.7510,"latency_p99_ms":34.2160},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":14441.9333,"transactions":433258,"latency_avg_ms":17.7232,"latency_stddev_ms":5.7720,"latency_p95_ms":28.7470,"latency_p99_ms":34.1670},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":14456.3000,"transactions":433689,"latency_avg_ms":17.7040,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9225,"latency_p95_ms":28.7810,"latency_p99_ms":34.3700},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":14473.2000,"transactions":434196,"latency_avg_ms":17.6601,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9426,"latency_p95_ms":28.8760,"latency_p99_ms":34.2300},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":3.4667,"transactions":104,"latency_avg_ms":126.5619,"latency_stddev_ms":47.3251,"latency_p95_ms":215.4900,"latency_p99_ms":220.4710}]},{"run":2,"tps":14469.0983,"transactions":8681459,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":17.6769,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8696,"initial_connection_time_ms":482.932,"latency_p95_ms":28.7360,"latency_p99_ms":34.9340,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":13483.5667,"transactions":404507,"latency_avg_ms":18.4947,"latency_stddev_ms":4.9003,"latency_p95_ms":26.3680,"latency_p99_ms":35.5450},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":13985.1000,"transactions":419553,"latency_avg_ms":18.2987,"latency_stddev_ms":4.8390,"latency_p95_ms":27.2390,"latency_p99_ms":35.5890},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":14266.9333,"transactions":428008,"latency_avg_ms":17.9417,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7661,"latency_p95_ms":26.8720,"latency_p99_ms":34.3090},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":14262.4667,"transactions":427874,"latency_avg_ms":17.9436,"latency_stddev_ms":5.2032,"latency_p95_ms":27.8510,"latency_p99_ms":34.9300},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":14299.6667,"transactions":428990,"latency_avg_ms":17.9028,"latency_stddev_ms":5.2998,"latency_p95_ms":27.9170,"latency_p99_ms":34.5240},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":14322.2667,"transactions":429668,"latency_avg_ms":17.8661,"latency_stddev_ms":5.6930,"latency_p95_ms":28.7440,"latency_p99_ms":35.2490},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":14478.7000,"transactions":434361,"latency_avg_ms":17.6798,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8192,"latency_p95_ms":28.6740,"latency_p99_ms":34.8660},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":14469.0667,"transactions":434072,"latency_avg_ms":17.6888,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8829,"latency_p95_ms":28.9360,"latency_p99_ms":34.9960},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":14532.7000,"transactions":435981,"latency_avg_ms":17.6131,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9593,"latency_p95_ms":28.9610,"latency_p99_ms":34.8920},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":14414.3667,"transactions":432431,"latency_avg_ms":17.7530,"latency_stddev_ms":6.0955,"latency_p95_ms":29.3950,"latency_p99_ms":35.5480},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":14556.5000,"transactions":436695,"latency_avg_ms":17.5862,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1435,"latency_p95_ms":29.0660,"latency_p99_ms":35.1740},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":14682.9333,"transactions":440488,"latency_avg_ms":17.4298,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1019,"latency_p95_ms":28.9810,"latency_p99_ms":34.6250},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":14729.0333,"transactions":441871,"latency_avg_ms":17.3772,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1282,"latency_p95_ms":28.8390,"latency_p99_ms":34.5750},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":14628.9667,"transactions":438869,"latency_avg_ms":17.4992,"latency_stddev_ms":6.2715,"latency_p95_ms":29.1920,"latency_p99_ms":35.0430},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":14756.5667,"transactions":442697,"latency_avg_ms":17.3423,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1450,"latency_p95_ms":28.8010,"latency_p99_ms":34.4360},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":14671.9333,"transactions":440158,"latency_avg_ms":17.4482,"latency_stddev_ms":6.3182,"latency_p95_ms":29.0990,"latency_p99_ms":34.8550},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":14756.4333,"transactions":442693,"latency_avg_ms":17.3414,"latency_stddev_ms":6.0879,"latency_p95_ms":28.7640,"latency_p99_ms":34.4570},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":14650.6667,"transactions":439520,"latency_avg_ms":17.4734,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1537,"latency_p95_ms":29.0520,"latency_p99_ms":34.5940},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":14751.9667,"transactions":442559,"latency_avg_ms":17.3481,"latency_stddev_ms":6.2316,"latency_p95_ms":29.0110,"latency_p99_ms":34.9470},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":14535.4333,"transactions":436063,"latency_avg_ms":17.6066,"latency_stddev_ms":6.2911,"latency_p95_ms":29.3870,"latency_p99_ms":35.1270},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":146.7000,"transactions":4401,"latency_avg_ms":20.6512,"latency_stddev_ms":19.1972,"latency_p95_ms":33.9110,"latency_p99_ms":142.3720}]},{"run":3,"tps":14626.4691,"transactions":8761255,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":17.5148,"latency_stddev_ms":6.7721,"initial_connection_time_ms":495.474,"latency_p95_ms":29.6590,"latency_p99_ms":36.0010,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":14010.8000,"transactions":420324,"latency_avg_ms":18.2702,"latency_stddev_ms":5.0975,"latency_p95_ms":26.7820,"latency_p99_ms":35.3500},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":14106.0333,"transactions":423181,"latency_avg_ms":18.1440,"latency_stddev_ms":4.8414,"latency_p95_ms":27.1530,"latency_p99_ms":34.8780},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":14257.8667,"transactions":427736,"latency_avg_ms":17.9564,"latency_stddev_ms":5.2450,"latency_p95_ms":28.2850,"latency_p99_ms":34.6910},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":14141.9333,"transactions":424258,"latency_avg_ms":18.0989,"latency_stddev_ms":11.3312,"latency_p95_ms":28.8910,"latency_p99_ms":36.0020},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":14383.5000,"transactions":431505,"latency_avg_ms":17.7888,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8466,"latency_p95_ms":29.2460,"latency_p99_ms":35.2170},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":14518.4333,"transactions":435553,"latency_avg_ms":17.6271,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9632,"latency_p95_ms":29.3270,"latency_p99_ms":35.1360},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":14560.6000,"transactions":436818,"latency_avg_ms":17.5802,"latency_stddev_ms":6.2103,"latency_p95_ms":29.5200,"latency_p99_ms":35.3810},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":14645.3333,"transactions":439360,"latency_avg_ms":17.4788,"latency_stddev_ms":6.3089,"latency_p95_ms":29.6230,"latency_p99_ms":35.7180},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":14623.5000,"transactions":438705,"latency_avg_ms":17.5022,"latency_stddev_ms":6.5201,"latency_p95_ms":29.8360,"latency_p99_ms":35.7600},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":14683.9333,"transactions":440518,"latency_avg_ms":17.4295,"latency_stddev_ms":6.8862,"latency_p95_ms":30.4170,"latency_p99_ms":37.0200},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":14718.7333,"transactions":441562,"latency_avg_ms":17.3905,"latency_stddev_ms":6.7283,"latency_p95_ms":29.9000,"latency_p99_ms":36.1940},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":14836.6333,"transactions":445099,"latency_avg_ms":17.2511,"latency_stddev_ms":6.6845,"latency_p95_ms":29.8030,"latency_p99_ms":36.2130},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":14847.1667,"transactions":445415,"latency_avg_ms":17.2383,"latency_stddev_ms":6.7787,"latency_p95_ms":29.9410,"latency_p99_ms":35.9890},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":14864.7333,"transactions":445942,"latency_avg_ms":17.2201,"latency_stddev_ms":6.9068,"latency_p95_ms":30.1750,"latency_p99_ms":36.5760},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":14852.8667,"transactions":445586,"latency_avg_ms":17.2332,"latency_stddev_ms":6.8958,"latency_p95_ms":30.2070,"latency_p99_ms":37.0000},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":14945.9667,"transactions":448379,"latency_avg_ms":17.1239,"latency_stddev_ms":6.8353,"latency_p95_ms":29.8720,"latency_p99_ms":36.4300},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":14831.5667,"transactions":444947,"latency_avg_ms":17.2576,"latency_stddev_ms":6.8326,"latency_p95_ms":30.0870,"latency_p99_ms":36.3550},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":14914.6667,"transactions":447440,"latency_avg_ms":17.1624,"latency_stddev_ms":6.8488,"latency_p95_ms":29.9000,"latency_p99_ms":35.8050},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":14732.7667,"transactions":441983,"latency_avg_ms":17.3702,"latency_stddev_ms":6.9640,"latency_p95_ms":30.1640,"latency_p99_ms":36.5070},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":14564.8000,"transactions":436944,"latency_avg_ms":17.3004,"latency_stddev_ms":7.1992,"latency_p95_ms":30.6580,"latency_p99_ms":37.4890}]}],"source":"aurora/results/aurora_16cpu_128gb_6849_io-optimized.json","ha_label":"No HA"}
,{"system":"AWS Aurora","date":"2026-07-15","instance":{"type":"db.r6g.xlarge","vcpus":4,"ram_gb":32,"instance_storage":"237 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"Aurora Standard storage"},"machine":"4vCPU, 32GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","ha":{"label":"No HA","mode":"off","standbys":0,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"on","synchronous_standby_names":null}},"postgres_version":"17.7","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":6849,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":1345.708},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":3237.8567,"transactions":1942714,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":78.9855,"latency_stddev_ms":30.6411,"initial_connection_time_ms":600.238,"latency_p95_ms":134.5580,"latency_p99_ms":162.2940,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":2857.7000,"transactions":85731,"latency_avg_ms":87.1152,"latency_stddev_ms":46.6276,"latency_p95_ms":171.1210,"latency_p99_ms":219.1310},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":3085.6667,"transactions":92570,"latency_avg_ms":83.0143,"latency_stddev_ms":29.9194,"latency_p95_ms":138.0750,"latency_p99_ms":162.9330},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":3127.3000,"transactions":93819,"latency_avg_ms":81.8757,"latency_stddev_ms":30.4306,"latency_p95_ms":137.9300,"latency_p99_ms":162.8270},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":3150.5667,"transactions":94517,"latency_avg_ms":81.3266,"latency_stddev_ms":30.4754,"latency_p95_ms":136.8810,"latency_p99_ms":164.1340},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":3170.1000,"transactions":95103,"latency_avg_ms":80.6539,"latency_stddev_ms":29.6929,"latency_p95_ms":135.1730,"latency_p99_ms":157.3580},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":3170.7000,"transactions":95121,"latency_avg_ms":80.7624,"latency_stddev_ms":29.2763,"latency_p95_ms":134.4130,"latency_p99_ms":162.2110},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":3216.0333,"transactions":96481,"latency_avg_ms":79.6457,"latency_stddev_ms":28.9283,"latency_p95_ms":132.0160,"latency_p99_ms":154.6440},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":3234.1667,"transactions":97025,"latency_avg_ms":79.1417,"latency_stddev_ms":29.1466,"latency_p95_ms":132.4060,"latency_p99_ms":152.8920},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":3215.0667,"transactions":96452,"latency_avg_ms":79.5750,"latency_stddev_ms":29.6588,"latency_p95_ms":133.6780,"latency_p99_ms":159.7170},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":3274.1667,"transactions":98225,"latency_avg_ms":78.1639,"latency_stddev_ms":29.2268,"latency_p95_ms":131.8790,"latency_p99_ms":156.2550},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":3292.3333,"transactions":98770,"latency_avg_ms":77.8845,"latency_stddev_ms":29.5285,"latency_p95_ms":131.4870,"latency_p99_ms":159.1700},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":3290.9667,"transactions":98729,"latency_avg_ms":77.7964,"latency_stddev_ms":29.7034,"latency_p95_ms":132.6010,"latency_p99_ms":159.5260},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":3290.3333,"transactions":98710,"latency_avg_ms":77.6721,"latency_stddev_ms":29.4979,"latency_p95_ms":132.4210,"latency_p99_ms":156.4630},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":3305.8667,"transactions":99176,"latency_avg_ms":77.4559,"latency_stddev_ms":28.9789,"latency_p95_ms":130.8530,"latency_p99_ms":154.1480},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":3313.5000,"transactions":99405,"latency_avg_ms":77.3100,"latency_stddev_ms":29.3141,"latency_p95_ms":130.5090,"latency_p99_ms":156.6510},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":3311.7667,"transactions":99353,"latency_avg_ms":77.2127,"latency_stddev_ms":29.2406,"latency_p95_ms":130.8240,"latency_p99_ms":156.7630},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":3358.4000,"transactions":100752,"latency_avg_ms":76.2905,"latency_stddev_ms":28.7549,"latency_p95_ms":130.6350,"latency_p99_ms":151.5640},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":3336.4000,"transactions":100092,"latency_avg_ms":76.6984,"latency_stddev_ms":31.4372,"latency_p95_ms":131.9020,"latency_p99_ms":159.8230},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":3368.2000,"transactions":101046,"latency_avg_ms":75.9973,"latency_stddev_ms":29.1034,"latency_p95_ms":129.9990,"latency_p99_ms":152.2910},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":3365.8667,"transactions":100976,"latency_avg_ms":76.0225,"latency_stddev_ms":29.4682,"latency_p95_ms":130.2800,"latency_p99_ms":152.7970},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":22.0333,"transactions":661,"latency_avg_ms":89.1758,"latency_stddev_ms":37.6912,"latency_p95_ms":148.3970,"latency_p99_ms":150.2480}]},{"run":2,"tps":3353.1970,"transactions":2008565,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":76.4078,"latency_stddev_ms":31.5266,"initial_connection_time_ms":595.973,"latency_p95_ms":136.0630,"latency_p99_ms":160.9070,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":3234.9000,"transactions":97047,"latency_avg_ms":79.3303,"latency_stddev_ms":34.7792,"latency_p95_ms":140.5480,"latency_p99_ms":173.8400},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":3305.9667,"transactions":99179,"latency_avg_ms":77.4325,"latency_stddev_ms":31.4047,"latency_p95_ms":136.6310,"latency_p99_ms":161.6710},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":3337.0333,"transactions":100111,"latency_avg_ms":76.7399,"latency_stddev_ms":32.1701,"latency_p95_ms":137.9130,"latency_p99_ms":165.0590},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":3350.5000,"transactions":100515,"latency_avg_ms":76.3841,"latency_stddev_ms":31.5630,"latency_p95_ms":136.8970,"latency_p99_ms":162.9240},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":3316.0667,"transactions":99482,"latency_avg_ms":77.1929,"latency_stddev_ms":31.3483,"latency_p95_ms":136.9970,"latency_p99_ms":162.2770},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":3359.7667,"transactions":100793,"latency_avg_ms":76.2209,"latency_stddev_ms":30.8632,"latency_p95_ms":135.0370,"latency_p99_ms":157.7650},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":3379.7667,"transactions":101393,"latency_avg_ms":75.7195,"latency_stddev_ms":31.4449,"latency_p95_ms":134.6190,"latency_p99_ms":161.9200},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":3381.7333,"transactions":101452,"latency_avg_ms":75.7441,"latency_stddev_ms":31.2328,"latency_p95_ms":134.7940,"latency_p99_ms":158.0770},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":3395.2667,"transactions":101858,"latency_avg_ms":75.4409,"latency_stddev_ms":31.5847,"latency_p95_ms":135.3170,"latency_p99_ms":159.5670},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":3354.6333,"transactions":100639,"latency_avg_ms":76.1964,"latency_stddev_ms":31.7412,"latency_p95_ms":136.9160,"latency_p99_ms":160.1550},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":3346.2000,"transactions":100386,"latency_avg_ms":76.5489,"latency_stddev_ms":30.2410,"latency_p95_ms":134.7670,"latency_p99_ms":160.4110},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":3346.2667,"transactions":100388,"latency_avg_ms":76.4954,"latency_stddev_ms":30.6757,"latency_p95_ms":135.6320,"latency_p99_ms":158.5300},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":3384.5000,"transactions":101535,"latency_avg_ms":75.6440,"latency_stddev_ms":30.6201,"latency_p95_ms":134.0630,"latency_p99_ms":155.2730},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":3358.0000,"transactions":100740,"latency_avg_ms":76.2179,"latency_stddev_ms":31.8956,"latency_p95_ms":136.6240,"latency_p99_ms":160.4650},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":3265.4333,"transactions":97963,"latency_avg_ms":78.3721,"latency_stddev_ms":32.6802,"latency_p95_ms":140.1320,"latency_p99_ms":164.1160},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":3348.0333,"transactions":100441,"latency_avg_ms":76.5252,"latency_stddev_ms":31.8023,"latency_p95_ms":135.4930,"latency_p99_ms":159.9160},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":3384.5000,"transactions":101535,"latency_avg_ms":75.5924,"latency_stddev_ms":30.7736,"latency_p95_ms":134.6900,"latency_p99_ms":155.5000},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":3394.9333,"transactions":101848,"latency_avg_ms":75.4101,"latency_stddev_ms":30.7837,"latency_p95_ms":134.0210,"latency_p99_ms":158.3360},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":3385.6000,"transactions":101568,"latency_avg_ms":75.5834,"latency_stddev_ms":30.4348,"latency_p95_ms":133.3550,"latency_p99_ms":159.5900},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":3323.0667,"transactions":99692,"latency_avg_ms":75.5960,"latency_stddev_ms":32.0731,"latency_p95_ms":135.5800,"latency_p99_ms":159.2940}]},{"run":3,"tps":3376.3456,"transactions":2022431,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":75.8785,"latency_stddev_ms":29.0789,"initial_connection_time_ms":582.329,"latency_p95_ms":129.3150,"latency_p99_ms":154.5190,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":3289.9667,"transactions":98699,"latency_avg_ms":78.0029,"latency_stddev_ms":32.9733,"latency_p95_ms":133.8210,"latency_p99_ms":170.6640},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":3330.0667,"transactions":99902,"latency_avg_ms":76.8107,"latency_stddev_ms":29.0184,"latency_p95_ms":128.9910,"latency_p99_ms":157.5240},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":3339.6333,"transactions":100189,"latency_avg_ms":76.7722,"latency_stddev_ms":28.2368,"latency_p95_ms":129.9890,"latency_p99_ms":152.0580},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":3328.4333,"transactions":99853,"latency_avg_ms":76.8966,"latency_stddev_ms":30.5421,"latency_p95_ms":133.7390,"latency_p99_ms":161.0790},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":3371.4333,"transactions":101143,"latency_avg_ms":75.9210,"latency_stddev_ms":29.6955,"latency_p95_ms":130.9220,"latency_p99_ms":156.4320},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":3345.6000,"transactions":100368,"latency_avg_ms":76.4463,"latency_stddev_ms":29.9546,"latency_p95_ms":131.8520,"latency_p99_ms":161.9890},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":3371.7667,"transactions":101153,"latency_avg_ms":75.9564,"latency_stddev_ms":28.6391,"latency_p95_ms":130.0550,"latency_p99_ms":155.5060},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":3359.8000,"transactions":100794,"latency_avg_ms":76.2554,"latency_stddev_ms":30.7552,"latency_p95_ms":130.3870,"latency_p99_ms":156.4030},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":3392.3667,"transactions":101771,"latency_avg_ms":75.4146,"latency_stddev_ms":28.0972,"latency_p95_ms":128.2240,"latency_p99_ms":153.9010},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":3393.2000,"transactions":101796,"latency_avg_ms":75.3867,"latency_stddev_ms":28.7315,"latency_p95_ms":128.8520,"latency_p99_ms":149.9510},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":3409.6333,"transactions":102289,"latency_avg_ms":75.2143,"latency_stddev_ms":27.9990,"latency_p95_ms":126.0080,"latency_p99_ms":149.9430},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":3403.7000,"transactions":102111,"latency_avg_ms":75.1475,"latency_stddev_ms":28.7000,"latency_p95_ms":128.7690,"latency_p99_ms":151.8260},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":3396.9667,"transactions":101909,"latency_avg_ms":75.3904,"latency_stddev_ms":29.1066,"latency_p95_ms":129.3850,"latency_p99_ms":154.9810},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":3359.5667,"transactions":100787,"latency_avg_ms":76.1446,"latency_stddev_ms":29.1093,"latency_p95_ms":130.5530,"latency_p99_ms":155.7140},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":3403.5333,"transactions":102106,"latency_avg_ms":75.2311,"latency_stddev_ms":28.1047,"latency_p95_ms":126.3720,"latency_p99_ms":150.2980},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":3395.5333,"transactions":101866,"latency_avg_ms":75.3882,"latency_stddev_ms":28.5192,"latency_p95_ms":128.1970,"latency_p99_ms":153.1160},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":3399.2667,"transactions":101978,"latency_avg_ms":75.3672,"latency_stddev_ms":27.5084,"latency_p95_ms":126.2350,"latency_p99_ms":152.0840},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":3375.8333,"transactions":101275,"latency_avg_ms":75.8088,"latency_stddev_ms":28.6279,"latency_p95_ms":128.3930,"latency_p99_ms":152.3860},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":3421.7333,"transactions":102652,"latency_avg_ms":74.7989,"latency_stddev_ms":27.7026,"latency_p95_ms":127.1880,"latency_p99_ms":147.7610},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":3326.3333,"transactions":99790,"latency_avg_ms":75.3548,"latency_stddev_ms":29.0270,"latency_p95_ms":128.8580,"latency_p99_ms":153.4420}]}],"source":"aurora/results/aurora_4cpu_32gb_6849.json","ha_label":"No HA"}
,{"system":"AWS Aurora","date":"2026-07-16","instance":{"type":"db.r6g.xlarge","vcpus":4,"ram_gb":32,"instance_storage":"237 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"Aurora Standard storage"},"machine":"4vCPU, 32GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","ha":{"label":"HA – 1 standby – async","mode":"async","standbys":1,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"on","synchronous_standby_names":null}},"postgres_version":"18.3","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":6849,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":1413.295},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":2862.5183,"transactions":1717511,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":89.3577,"latency_stddev_ms":35.2989,"initial_connection_time_ms":629.052,"latency_p95_ms":151.2300,"latency_p99_ms":181.5260,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":2507.7667,"transactions":75233,"latency_avg_ms":99.2894,"latency_stddev_ms":47.8393,"latency_p95_ms":180.4800,"latency_p99_ms":234.3440},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":2698.8333,"transactions":80965,"latency_avg_ms":94.8900,"latency_stddev_ms":35.2225,"latency_p95_ms":157.3770,"latency_p99_ms":188.7530},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":2788.6000,"transactions":83658,"latency_avg_ms":91.7407,"latency_stddev_ms":34.9422,"latency_p95_ms":153.8760,"latency_p99_ms":182.2680},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":2845.1000,"transactions":85353,"latency_avg_ms":90.1399,"latency_stddev_ms":34.8878,"latency_p95_ms":153.1470,"latency_p99_ms":184.3360},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":2778.2667,"transactions":83348,"latency_avg_ms":92.0601,"latency_stddev_ms":34.7802,"latency_p95_ms":153.6970,"latency_p99_ms":187.1780},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":2827.6000,"transactions":84828,"latency_avg_ms":90.5499,"latency_stddev_ms":35.0850,"latency_p95_ms":150.7800,"latency_p99_ms":175.7420},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":2815.9667,"transactions":84479,"latency_avg_ms":90.8277,"latency_stddev_ms":33.6895,"latency_p95_ms":151.6420,"latency_p99_ms":179.4520},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":2842.0333,"transactions":85261,"latency_avg_ms":90.0427,"latency_stddev_ms":33.2221,"latency_p95_ms":149.5410,"latency_p99_ms":175.4370},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":2905.7000,"transactions":87171,"latency_avg_ms":88.1543,"latency_stddev_ms":33.8584,"latency_p95_ms":149.5680,"latency_p99_ms":174.8780},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":2908.6000,"transactions":87258,"latency_avg_ms":88.0482,"latency_stddev_ms":32.9848,"latency_p95_ms":146.5200,"latency_p99_ms":172.9630},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":2885.1000,"transactions":86553,"latency_avg_ms":88.7484,"latency_stddev_ms":34.6915,"latency_p95_ms":152.6740,"latency_p99_ms":182.1200},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":2877.3333,"transactions":86320,"latency_avg_ms":88.9617,"latency_stddev_ms":36.3059,"latency_p95_ms":148.8560,"latency_p99_ms":179.7610},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":2865.4333,"transactions":85963,"latency_avg_ms":89.2917,"latency_stddev_ms":34.1049,"latency_p95_ms":148.4860,"latency_p99_ms":174.4030},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":2928.9333,"transactions":87868,"latency_avg_ms":87.3878,"latency_stddev_ms":32.9193,"latency_p95_ms":147.7830,"latency_p99_ms":173.6760},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":2903.5333,"transactions":87106,"latency_avg_ms":88.1892,"latency_stddev_ms":33.2043,"latency_p95_ms":148.2240,"latency_p99_ms":176.6130},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":2951.3000,"transactions":88539,"latency_avg_ms":86.6899,"latency_stddev_ms":34.0149,"latency_p95_ms":147.8100,"latency_p99_ms":173.7030},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":2942.4333,"transactions":88273,"latency_avg_ms":87.0982,"latency_stddev_ms":34.2209,"latency_p95_ms":147.6370,"latency_p99_ms":174.4260},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":2948.5333,"transactions":88456,"latency_avg_ms":86.7670,"latency_stddev_ms":33.6166,"latency_p95_ms":147.3700,"latency_p99_ms":175.6810},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":2995.1333,"transactions":89854,"latency_avg_ms":85.4812,"latency_stddev_ms":38.3334,"latency_p95_ms":147.5180,"latency_p99_ms":178.4150},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":3010.6333,"transactions":90319,"latency_avg_ms":84.9393,"latency_stddev_ms":33.5239,"latency_p95_ms":143.1030,"latency_p99_ms":170.3280},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":23.5333,"transactions":706,"latency_avg_ms":130.0416,"latency_stddev_ms":81.2221,"latency_p95_ms":302.1140,"latency_p99_ms":382.2000}]},{"run":2,"tps":2948.7529,"transactions":1766303,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":86.8823,"latency_stddev_ms":34.6533,"initial_connection_time_ms":669.405,"latency_p95_ms":148.7020,"latency_p99_ms":176.1980,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":2777.4667,"transactions":83324,"latency_avg_ms":91.6884,"latency_stddev_ms":39.2060,"latency_p95_ms":157.5690,"latency_p99_ms":193.8110},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":2889.4667,"transactions":86684,"latency_avg_ms":88.5093,"latency_stddev_ms":32.8360,"latency_p95_ms":146.9340,"latency_p99_ms":172.9070},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":2943.3000,"transactions":88299,"latency_avg_ms":86.9927,"latency_stddev_ms":33.7309,"latency_p95_ms":149.4610,"latency_p99_ms":176.1550},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":2962.6667,"transactions":88880,"latency_avg_ms":86.5014,"latency_stddev_ms":33.6232,"latency_p95_ms":147.1480,"latency_p99_ms":172.7420},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":2934.0000,"transactions":88020,"latency_avg_ms":87.1923,"latency_stddev_ms":33.6809,"latency_p95_ms":148.4040,"latency_p99_ms":176.8080},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":2950.1000,"transactions":88503,"latency_avg_ms":86.7891,"latency_stddev_ms":33.4669,"latency_p95_ms":147.1010,"latency_p99_ms":173.7880},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":2947.9667,"transactions":88439,"latency_avg_ms":86.7642,"latency_stddev_ms":33.6047,"latency_p95_ms":147.8880,"latency_p99_ms":174.3310},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":2971.4000,"transactions":89142,"latency_avg_ms":86.2390,"latency_stddev_ms":34.4780,"latency_p95_ms":147.9600,"latency_p99_ms":177.0380},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":2960.9667,"transactions":88829,"latency_avg_ms":86.4408,"latency_stddev_ms":34.7250,"latency_p95_ms":147.3690,"latency_p99_ms":177.7910},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":2990.0333,"transactions":89701,"latency_avg_ms":85.5826,"latency_stddev_ms":33.0614,"latency_p95_ms":145.9310,"latency_p99_ms":170.6430},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":2928.5000,"transactions":87855,"latency_avg_ms":87.4812,"latency_stddev_ms":35.7154,"latency_p95_ms":151.5620,"latency_p99_ms":180.9300},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":2969.1333,"transactions":89074,"latency_avg_ms":86.1864,"latency_stddev_ms":34.3098,"latency_p95_ms":148.7700,"latency_p99_ms":174.0300},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":2956.5000,"transactions":88695,"latency_avg_ms":86.6424,"latency_stddev_ms":34.0204,"latency_p95_ms":147.8570,"latency_p99_ms":172.6180},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":2978.4333,"transactions":89353,"latency_avg_ms":85.8825,"latency_stddev_ms":33.9595,"latency_p95_ms":148.0480,"latency_p99_ms":171.1360},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":2941.2000,"transactions":88236,"latency_avg_ms":87.0478,"latency_stddev_ms":34.7428,"latency_p95_ms":149.5320,"latency_p99_ms":179.8740},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":2941.9667,"transactions":88259,"latency_avg_ms":87.0763,"latency_stddev_ms":36.2378,"latency_p95_ms":150.2430,"latency_p99_ms":179.0940},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":2936.8667,"transactions":88106,"latency_avg_ms":87.0720,"latency_stddev_ms":36.9783,"latency_p95_ms":148.7950,"latency_p99_ms":178.1220},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":2974.4667,"transactions":89234,"latency_avg_ms":86.0454,"latency_stddev_ms":34.4574,"latency_p95_ms":148.6680,"latency_p99_ms":173.5840},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":2978.7667,"transactions":89363,"latency_avg_ms":85.9578,"latency_stddev_ms":35.2536,"latency_p95_ms":148.4430,"latency_p99_ms":177.1770},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":2943.5667,"transactions":88307,"latency_avg_ms":85.9317,"latency_stddev_ms":34.2044,"latency_p95_ms":147.5070,"latency_p99_ms":174.8130}]},{"run":3,"tps":2915.0883,"transactions":1749053,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":87.7324,"latency_stddev_ms":35.0413,"initial_connection_time_ms":671.932,"latency_p95_ms":152.3380,"latency_p99_ms":179.3880,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":2799.1000,"transactions":83973,"latency_avg_ms":90.1516,"latency_stddev_ms":39.8289,"latency_p95_ms":157.9650,"latency_p99_ms":193.7520},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":2892.0000,"transactions":86760,"latency_avg_ms":88.4239,"latency_stddev_ms":34.1483,"latency_p95_ms":151.8010,"latency_p99_ms":180.7770},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":2910.9667,"transactions":87329,"latency_avg_ms":87.8982,"latency_stddev_ms":34.2213,"latency_p95_ms":153.6110,"latency_p99_ms":179.6020},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":2889.6333,"transactions":86689,"latency_avg_ms":88.6377,"latency_stddev_ms":34.5023,"latency_p95_ms":152.7590,"latency_p99_ms":182.8870},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":2937.4333,"transactions":88123,"latency_avg_ms":87.1432,"latency_stddev_ms":34.1504,"latency_p95_ms":151.3160,"latency_p99_ms":176.9240},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":2935.2667,"transactions":88058,"latency_avg_ms":87.2143,"latency_stddev_ms":35.4562,"latency_p95_ms":150.1260,"latency_p99_ms":176.9430},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":2931.1000,"transactions":87933,"latency_avg_ms":87.3292,"latency_stddev_ms":34.5563,"latency_p95_ms":152.4660,"latency_p99_ms":177.2600},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":2888.6667,"transactions":86660,"latency_avg_ms":88.6279,"latency_stddev_ms":34.9113,"latency_p95_ms":154.0360,"latency_p99_ms":180.0670},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":2930.2333,"transactions":87907,"latency_avg_ms":87.3465,"latency_stddev_ms":34.1627,"latency_p95_ms":150.5790,"latency_p99_ms":177.3590},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":2888.0667,"transactions":86642,"latency_avg_ms":88.5725,"latency_stddev_ms":35.8291,"latency_p95_ms":156.1920,"latency_p99_ms":186.1500},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":2949.5667,"transactions":88487,"latency_avg_ms":86.8830,"latency_stddev_ms":34.2758,"latency_p95_ms":150.1550,"latency_p99_ms":177.0150},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":2927.9000,"transactions":87837,"latency_avg_ms":87.4046,"latency_stddev_ms":35.8194,"latency_p95_ms":152.6080,"latency_p99_ms":182.7770},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":2942.9000,"transactions":88287,"latency_avg_ms":86.9624,"latency_stddev_ms":35.0834,"latency_p95_ms":152.1070,"latency_p99_ms":176.4600},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":2930.7667,"transactions":87923,"latency_avg_ms":87.4112,"latency_stddev_ms":34.5845,"latency_p95_ms":151.4690,"latency_p99_ms":176.0070},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":2904.6000,"transactions":87138,"latency_avg_ms":88.0483,"latency_stddev_ms":35.3163,"latency_p95_ms":152.2720,"latency_p99_ms":178.0760},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":2900.3000,"transactions":87009,"latency_avg_ms":88.2820,"latency_stddev_ms":35.1982,"latency_p95_ms":153.2180,"latency_p99_ms":178.7030},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":2948.0667,"transactions":88442,"latency_avg_ms":86.8603,"latency_stddev_ms":34.0294,"latency_p95_ms":149.5180,"latency_p99_ms":177.3940},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":2922.1667,"transactions":87665,"latency_avg_ms":87.5201,"latency_stddev_ms":34.6952,"latency_p95_ms":151.5420,"latency_p99_ms":176.1090},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":2933.3000,"transactions":87999,"latency_avg_ms":87.3434,"latency_stddev_ms":34.4074,"latency_p95_ms":150.7490,"latency_p99_ms":176.4310},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":2938.3000,"transactions":88149,"latency_avg_ms":86.6266,"latency_stddev_ms":34.6457,"latency_p95_ms":151.7200,"latency_p99_ms":179.2940},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":1.4333,"transactions":43,"latency_avg_ms":381.9356,"latency_stddev_ms":43.1533,"latency_p95_ms":469.5300,"latency_p99_ms":486.2250}]}],"source":"aurora/results/aurora_4cpu_32gb_6849_ha-1s-async.json","ha_label":"HA – 1 standby – async"}
,{"system":"AWS Aurora","date":"2026-07-16","instance":{"type":"db.r6g.xlarge","vcpus":4,"ram_gb":32,"instance_storage":"237 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"Aurora IO Optimized storage"},"machine":"4vCPU, 32GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","ha":{"label":"HA – 1 standby – async","mode":"async","standbys":1,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"on","synchronous_standby_names":null}},"postgres_version":"18.3","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":6849,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":1361.349},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":2911.9167,"transactions":1747150,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":87.8223,"latency_stddev_ms":41.1100,"initial_connection_time_ms":719.808,"latency_p95_ms":162.7010,"latency_p99_ms":197.0900,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":2649.2000,"transactions":79476,"latency_avg_ms":95.3449,"latency_stddev_ms":45.5248,"latency_p95_ms":169.9580,"latency_p99_ms":216.2640},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":2855.9000,"transactions":85677,"latency_avg_ms":89.7201,"latency_stddev_ms":39.9550,"latency_p95_ms":162.0510,"latency_p99_ms":197.9380},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":2864.6000,"transactions":85938,"latency_avg_ms":89.3650,"latency_stddev_ms":39.6065,"latency_p95_ms":162.6190,"latency_p99_ms":195.7690},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":2765.4333,"transactions":82963,"latency_avg_ms":92.4999,"latency_stddev_ms":41.8483,"latency_p95_ms":168.1770,"latency_p99_ms":205.3450},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":2885.0667,"transactions":86552,"latency_avg_ms":88.8034,"latency_stddev_ms":41.1296,"latency_p95_ms":165.0080,"latency_p99_ms":198.9390},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":2819.8000,"transactions":84594,"latency_avg_ms":90.7761,"latency_stddev_ms":44.5200,"latency_p95_ms":168.4180,"latency_p99_ms":207.9710},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":2841.6667,"transactions":85250,"latency_avg_ms":90.0029,"latency_stddev_ms":41.4015,"latency_p95_ms":166.0530,"latency_p99_ms":200.5170},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":2886.9333,"transactions":86608,"latency_avg_ms":88.6870,"latency_stddev_ms":40.4328,"latency_p95_ms":164.1030,"latency_p99_ms":194.7640},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":2870.7667,"transactions":86123,"latency_avg_ms":89.1805,"latency_stddev_ms":41.1134,"latency_p95_ms":165.2620,"latency_p99_ms":199.0700},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":2897.1333,"transactions":86914,"latency_avg_ms":88.2749,"latency_stddev_ms":42.2581,"latency_p95_ms":165.0630,"latency_p99_ms":198.3880},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":2956.0667,"transactions":88682,"latency_avg_ms":86.6411,"latency_stddev_ms":42.5989,"latency_p95_ms":165.0710,"latency_p99_ms":202.5350},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":2985.0333,"transactions":89551,"latency_avg_ms":85.8116,"latency_stddev_ms":41.0075,"latency_p95_ms":159.1220,"latency_p99_ms":190.5340},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":2947.9667,"transactions":88439,"latency_avg_ms":86.9160,"latency_stddev_ms":40.7816,"latency_p95_ms":161.3070,"latency_p99_ms":193.6520},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":2921.3667,"transactions":87641,"latency_avg_ms":87.5781,"latency_stddev_ms":39.8914,"latency_p95_ms":160.9680,"latency_p99_ms":191.3920},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":2997.5667,"transactions":89927,"latency_avg_ms":85.3568,"latency_stddev_ms":39.4697,"latency_p95_ms":159.1200,"latency_p99_ms":190.1530},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":2989.4667,"transactions":89684,"latency_avg_ms":85.7177,"latency_stddev_ms":42.0184,"latency_p95_ms":161.7880,"latency_p99_ms":195.2490},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":3011.0333,"transactions":90331,"latency_avg_ms":84.9640,"latency_stddev_ms":39.1294,"latency_p95_ms":156.9280,"latency_p99_ms":190.8710},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":3058.9667,"transactions":91769,"latency_avg_ms":83.6578,"latency_stddev_ms":38.5942,"latency_p95_ms":154.0610,"latency_p99_ms":188.2970},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":3039.8000,"transactions":91194,"latency_avg_ms":84.2785,"latency_stddev_ms":38.7100,"latency_p95_ms":155.0730,"latency_p99_ms":191.0250},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":2994.1667,"transactions":89825,"latency_avg_ms":84.7370,"latency_stddev_ms":40.1207,"latency_p95_ms":159.4120,"latency_p99_ms":193.6860},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":0.4000,"transactions":12,"latency_avg_ms":463.2983,"latency_stddev_ms":19.6864,"latency_p95_ms":484.8170,"latency_p99_ms":484.8170}]},{"run":2,"tps":3048.4950,"transactions":1829097,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":83.8926,"latency_stddev_ms":41.1359,"initial_connection_time_ms":687.496,"latency_p95_ms":158.6360,"latency_p99_ms":188.9700,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":2973.3333,"transactions":89200,"latency_avg_ms":84.2177,"latency_stddev_ms":41.1712,"latency_p95_ms":153.0760,"latency_p99_ms":183.1850},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":3016.9333,"transactions":90508,"latency_avg_ms":84.8807,"latency_stddev_ms":38.1353,"latency_p95_ms":153.1710,"latency_p99_ms":182.2750},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":3020.1000,"transactions":90603,"latency_avg_ms":84.7292,"latency_stddev_ms":38.4240,"latency_p95_ms":156.9820,"latency_p99_ms":187.1530},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":3041.3333,"transactions":91240,"latency_avg_ms":84.1935,"latency_stddev_ms":39.4364,"latency_p95_ms":156.3130,"latency_p99_ms":186.9350},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":3029.9667,"transactions":90899,"latency_avg_ms":84.5127,"latency_stddev_ms":41.0929,"latency_p95_ms":160.2400,"latency_p99_ms":191.7710},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":3041.8333,"transactions":91255,"latency_avg_ms":84.1762,"latency_stddev_ms":40.0952,"latency_p95_ms":156.6490,"latency_p99_ms":187.9460},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":3042.0333,"transactions":91261,"latency_avg_ms":84.0267,"latency_stddev_ms":40.7312,"latency_p95_ms":158.3520,"latency_p99_ms":188.0060},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":3066.7667,"transactions":92003,"latency_avg_ms":83.5750,"latency_stddev_ms":40.8059,"latency_p95_ms":159.5430,"latency_p99_ms":192.8650},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":3073.6333,"transactions":92209,"latency_avg_ms":83.2301,"latency_stddev_ms":40.9243,"latency_p95_ms":156.8260,"latency_p99_ms":187.9940},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":3059.4667,"transactions":91784,"latency_avg_ms":83.7169,"latency_stddev_ms":41.9328,"latency_p95_ms":161.0920,"latency_p99_ms":188.5080},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":3051.2000,"transactions":91536,"latency_avg_ms":83.7864,"latency_stddev_ms":43.2924,"latency_p95_ms":160.1160,"latency_p99_ms":188.6120},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":3029.5000,"transactions":90885,"latency_avg_ms":84.5801,"latency_stddev_ms":43.2983,"latency_p95_ms":163.7590,"latency_p99_ms":198.7480},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":3033.4000,"transactions":91002,"latency_avg_ms":84.3794,"latency_stddev_ms":42.8071,"latency_p95_ms":161.5850,"latency_p99_ms":196.2240},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":3067.4000,"transactions":92022,"latency_avg_ms":83.5453,"latency_stddev_ms":42.4626,"latency_p95_ms":159.9970,"latency_p99_ms":187.4670},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":3078.4333,"transactions":92353,"latency_avg_ms":83.0777,"latency_stddev_ms":41.9094,"latency_p95_ms":161.3910,"latency_p99_ms":189.6190},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":3066.8333,"transactions":92005,"latency_avg_ms":83.5114,"latency_stddev_ms":41.7898,"latency_p95_ms":160.6680,"latency_p99_ms":190.5170},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":3054.8667,"transactions":91646,"latency_avg_ms":83.8323,"latency_stddev_ms":40.7953,"latency_p95_ms":157.6120,"latency_p99_ms":188.3230},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":3066.1333,"transactions":91984,"latency_avg_ms":83.4814,"latency_stddev_ms":41.3302,"latency_p95_ms":160.3510,"latency_p99_ms":189.7850},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":3085.2667,"transactions":92558,"latency_avg_ms":82.9884,"latency_stddev_ms":40.6857,"latency_p95_ms":157.5380,"latency_p99_ms":183.6060},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":3067.8333,"transactions":92035,"latency_avg_ms":83.2486,"latency_stddev_ms":40.4065,"latency_p95_ms":156.0420,"latency_p99_ms":181.3860},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":3.6333,"transactions":109,"latency_avg_ms":284.3185,"latency_stddev_ms":64.8675,"latency_p95_ms":404.7140,"latency_p99_ms":422.1110}]},{"run":3,"tps":3059.5233,"transactions":1835714,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":83.5893,"latency_stddev_ms":39.5311,"initial_connection_time_ms":710.006,"latency_p95_ms":154.0360,"latency_p99_ms":183.9810,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":2978.2667,"transactions":89348,"latency_avg_ms":84.8150,"latency_stddev_ms":39.4901,"latency_p95_ms":152.2120,"latency_p99_ms":184.6710},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":3051.8333,"transactions":91555,"latency_avg_ms":83.9051,"latency_stddev_ms":37.0913,"latency_p95_ms":150.6030,"latency_p99_ms":180.5160},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":3015.8667,"transactions":90476,"latency_avg_ms":84.9249,"latency_stddev_ms":38.3524,"latency_p95_ms":152.5210,"latency_p99_ms":183.9140},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":3056.4000,"transactions":91692,"latency_avg_ms":83.7492,"latency_stddev_ms":37.5726,"latency_p95_ms":150.9910,"latency_p99_ms":178.3410},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":3052.3333,"transactions":91570,"latency_avg_ms":83.7445,"latency_stddev_ms":37.7618,"latency_p95_ms":152.4720,"latency_p99_ms":183.5320},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":3054.9333,"transactions":91648,"latency_avg_ms":83.9012,"latency_stddev_ms":38.7311,"latency_p95_ms":152.4940,"latency_p99_ms":178.3490},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":3060.9333,"transactions":91828,"latency_avg_ms":83.5922,"latency_stddev_ms":38.6820,"latency_p95_ms":151.6600,"latency_p99_ms":180.9030},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":3061.1000,"transactions":91833,"latency_avg_ms":83.6722,"latency_stddev_ms":40.0687,"latency_p95_ms":153.7990,"latency_p99_ms":182.1600},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":3020.2333,"transactions":90607,"latency_avg_ms":84.7272,"latency_stddev_ms":40.0299,"latency_p95_ms":155.6010,"latency_p99_ms":180.7460},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":3041.5000,"transactions":91245,"latency_avg_ms":84.1772,"latency_stddev_ms":40.0139,"latency_p95_ms":155.0090,"latency_p99_ms":184.2670},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":3013.4000,"transactions":90402,"latency_avg_ms":84.9696,"latency_stddev_ms":40.7473,"latency_p95_ms":156.1760,"latency_p99_ms":191.0430},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":3111.3000,"transactions":93339,"latency_avg_ms":82.2732,"latency_stddev_ms":40.5957,"latency_p95_ms":154.3740,"latency_p99_ms":183.7660},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":3087.5333,"transactions":92626,"latency_avg_ms":82.8872,"latency_stddev_ms":39.5701,"latency_p95_ms":155.2130,"latency_p99_ms":187.9150},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":3113.4667,"transactions":93404,"latency_avg_ms":82.2270,"latency_stddev_ms":39.2607,"latency_p95_ms":152.2190,"latency_p99_ms":178.4630},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":3083.4333,"transactions":92503,"latency_avg_ms":83.0404,"latency_stddev_ms":40.3327,"latency_p95_ms":156.8110,"latency_p99_ms":188.8890},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":3068.8000,"transactions":92064,"latency_avg_ms":83.3800,"latency_stddev_ms":40.7024,"latency_p95_ms":158.2420,"latency_p99_ms":186.8200},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":3058.4667,"transactions":91754,"latency_avg_ms":83.7177,"latency_stddev_ms":41.5985,"latency_p95_ms":157.0630,"latency_p99_ms":189.6050},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":3111.6000,"transactions":93348,"latency_avg_ms":82.1207,"latency_stddev_ms":39.4429,"latency_p95_ms":154.0230,"latency_p99_ms":183.5180},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":3088.0667,"transactions":92642,"latency_avg_ms":83.0766,"latency_stddev_ms":39.6838,"latency_p95_ms":153.7660,"latency_p99_ms":182.9560},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":3060.9333,"transactions":91828,"latency_avg_ms":83.0579,"latency_stddev_ms":40.3325,"latency_p95_ms":154.3170,"latency_p99_ms":184.6730},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":0.0667,"transactions":2,"latency_avg_ms":392.4140,"latency_stddev_ms":1.3070,"latency_p95_ms":393.7210,"latency_p99_ms":393.7210}]}],"source":"aurora/results/aurora_4cpu_32gb_6849_ha-1s-async_io-optimized.json","region":"us-east-2","cloud":"aws","ha_label":"HA – 1 standby – async"}
,{"system":"AWS Aurora","date":"2026-07-15","instance":{"type":"db.r6g.xlarge","vcpus":4,"ram_gb":32,"instance_storage":"237 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"Aurora IO Optimized storage"},"machine":"4vCPU, 32GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","ha":{"label":"No HA","mode":"off","standbys":0,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"on","synchronous_standby_names":null}},"postgres_version":"18.3","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":6849,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":1683.739},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":2973.8631,"transactions":1781344,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":86.1263,"latency_stddev_ms":29.8019,"initial_connection_time_ms":716.506,"latency_p95_ms":133.9900,"latency_p99_ms":168.6160,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":2756.7333,"transactions":82702,"latency_avg_ms":91.5969,"latency_stddev_ms":44.3661,"latency_p95_ms":163.0370,"latency_p99_ms":253.6750},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":2913.2000,"transactions":87396,"latency_avg_ms":87.8239,"latency_stddev_ms":27.7986,"latency_p95_ms":136.6510,"latency_p99_ms":164.3150},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":2810.3333,"transactions":84310,"latency_avg_ms":91.0475,"latency_stddev_ms":44.7720,"latency_p95_ms":142.1250,"latency_p99_ms":309.0410},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":3010.1333,"transactions":90304,"latency_avg_ms":85.0898,"latency_stddev_ms":26.2414,"latency_p95_ms":130.8790,"latency_p99_ms":156.1330},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":2909.1667,"transactions":87275,"latency_avg_ms":88.0402,"latency_stddev_ms":31.1149,"latency_p95_ms":139.7540,"latency_p99_ms":178.6810},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":2947.4667,"transactions":88424,"latency_avg_ms":86.8306,"latency_stddev_ms":27.8524,"latency_p95_ms":135.4180,"latency_p99_ms":164.9840},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":2937.8000,"transactions":88134,"latency_avg_ms":87.0819,"latency_stddev_ms":28.9335,"latency_p95_ms":137.1800,"latency_p99_ms":168.9230},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":2900.4333,"transactions":87013,"latency_avg_ms":88.2994,"latency_stddev_ms":28.5748,"latency_p95_ms":138.1520,"latency_p99_ms":164.9010},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":2952.4333,"transactions":88573,"latency_avg_ms":86.6231,"latency_stddev_ms":28.3840,"latency_p95_ms":134.0740,"latency_p99_ms":166.9170},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":2934.7000,"transactions":88041,"latency_avg_ms":87.1822,"latency_stddev_ms":27.4313,"latency_p95_ms":133.9110,"latency_p99_ms":164.4310},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":2864.8667,"transactions":85946,"latency_avg_ms":89.4840,"latency_stddev_ms":28.8371,"latency_p95_ms":138.4860,"latency_p99_ms":170.6310},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":3010.7667,"transactions":90323,"latency_avg_ms":85.0482,"latency_stddev_ms":27.0728,"latency_p95_ms":129.9960,"latency_p99_ms":157.3630},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":2971.5667,"transactions":89147,"latency_avg_ms":86.1011,"latency_stddev_ms":28.9164,"latency_p95_ms":133.9450,"latency_p99_ms":170.0960},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":3026.9000,"transactions":90807,"latency_avg_ms":84.5635,"latency_stddev_ms":27.5432,"latency_p95_ms":128.9950,"latency_p99_ms":153.0690},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":3041.7000,"transactions":91251,"latency_avg_ms":84.1366,"latency_stddev_ms":26.8683,"latency_p95_ms":131.3070,"latency_p99_ms":158.3430},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":3076.0333,"transactions":92281,"latency_avg_ms":83.2317,"latency_stddev_ms":25.9369,"latency_p95_ms":126.3920,"latency_p99_ms":156.9070},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":3022.8333,"transactions":90685,"latency_avg_ms":84.6543,"latency_stddev_ms":27.2424,"latency_p95_ms":131.6910,"latency_p99_ms":165.7460},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":3070.5667,"transactions":92117,"latency_avg_ms":83.4032,"latency_stddev_ms":27.1639,"latency_p95_ms":125.7680,"latency_p99_ms":159.8310},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":3090.4333,"transactions":92713,"latency_avg_ms":82.8314,"latency_stddev_ms":26.1486,"latency_p95_ms":126.9280,"latency_p99_ms":160.5680},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":3130.0667,"transactions":93902,"latency_avg_ms":81.1180,"latency_stddev_ms":26.2766,"latency_p95_ms":124.0930,"latency_p99_ms":151.4770}]},{"run":2,"tps":3201.1586,"transactions":1917494,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":80.0188,"latency_stddev_ms":24.4845,"initial_connection_time_ms":718.679,"latency_p95_ms":121.4580,"latency_p99_ms":149.8090,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":3064.6333,"transactions":91939,"latency_avg_ms":82.3297,"latency_stddev_ms":26.8912,"latency_p95_ms":123.4820,"latency_p99_ms":151.4840},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":3139.7000,"transactions":94191,"latency_avg_ms":81.5325,"latency_stddev_ms":24.4172,"latency_p95_ms":123.0450,"latency_p99_ms":154.8100},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":3172.4000,"transactions":95172,"latency_avg_ms":80.5967,"latency_stddev_ms":24.8915,"latency_p95_ms":123.5640,"latency_p99_ms":154.2340},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":3184.0000,"transactions":95520,"latency_avg_ms":80.4890,"latency_stddev_ms":26.9472,"latency_p95_ms":126.2890,"latency_p99_ms":160.9300},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":3259.6000,"transactions":97788,"latency_avg_ms":78.4676,"latency_stddev_ms":22.9979,"latency_p95_ms":119.1540,"latency_p99_ms":143.2320},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":3136.8667,"transactions":94106,"latency_avg_ms":81.6099,"latency_stddev_ms":24.8137,"latency_p95_ms":123.4240,"latency_p99_ms":154.6160},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":3225.7333,"transactions":96772,"latency_avg_ms":79.4227,"latency_stddev_ms":24.0228,"latency_p95_ms":120.3360,"latency_p99_ms":151.3180},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":3242.7667,"transactions":97283,"latency_avg_ms":78.8603,"latency_stddev_ms":24.1226,"latency_p95_ms":120.4080,"latency_p99_ms":147.3760},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":3232.2667,"transactions":96968,"latency_avg_ms":79.1963,"latency_stddev_ms":23.3129,"latency_p95_ms":118.8810,"latency_p99_ms":145.0880},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":3230.2333,"transactions":96907,"latency_avg_ms":79.3269,"latency_stddev_ms":25.5801,"latency_p95_ms":121.0590,"latency_p99_ms":151.1490},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":3241.3333,"transactions":97240,"latency_avg_ms":78.9078,"latency_stddev_ms":23.0574,"latency_p95_ms":118.4010,"latency_p99_ms":142.1440},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":3158.3333,"transactions":94750,"latency_avg_ms":81.1228,"latency_stddev_ms":24.9347,"latency_p95_ms":123.4150,"latency_p99_ms":155.8680},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":3236.5667,"transactions":97097,"latency_avg_ms":79.1386,"latency_stddev_ms":23.4655,"latency_p95_ms":118.6710,"latency_p99_ms":143.6080},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":3275.6333,"transactions":98269,"latency_avg_ms":78.1075,"latency_stddev_ms":23.9830,"latency_p95_ms":119.3740,"latency_p99_ms":146.8840},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":3180.5667,"transactions":95417,"latency_avg_ms":80.4759,"latency_stddev_ms":23.6318,"latency_p95_ms":122.4380,"latency_p99_ms":146.9300},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":3149.1000,"transactions":94473,"latency_avg_ms":81.2853,"latency_stddev_ms":25.4779,"latency_p95_ms":123.2890,"latency_p99_ms":156.0340},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":3170.1000,"transactions":95103,"latency_avg_ms":80.7558,"latency_stddev_ms":24.1365,"latency_p95_ms":124.0740,"latency_p99_ms":150.7960},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":3180.9667,"transactions":95429,"latency_avg_ms":80.4885,"latency_stddev_ms":25.0263,"latency_p95_ms":122.1890,"latency_p99_ms":153.2250},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":3269.2333,"transactions":98077,"latency_avg_ms":78.3710,"latency_stddev_ms":23.1387,"latency_p95_ms":117.6120,"latency_p99_ms":141.3420},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":3166.4333,"transactions":94993,"latency_avg_ms":80.2747,"latency_stddev_ms":24.0044,"latency_p95_ms":119.8170,"latency_p99_ms":151.9360}]},{"run":3,"tps":3278.9350,"transactions":1967361,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":77.9870,"latency_stddev_ms":23.5484,"initial_connection_time_ms":708.423,"latency_p95_ms":117.3720,"latency_p99_ms":146.6720,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":3094.9000,"transactions":92847,"latency_avg_ms":80.4079,"latency_stddev_ms":26.6996,"latency_p95_ms":117.1390,"latency_p99_ms":151.8620},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":3275.0667,"transactions":98252,"latency_avg_ms":78.2695,"latency_stddev_ms":22.1677,"latency_p95_ms":116.1330,"latency_p99_ms":147.5110},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":3196.8000,"transactions":95904,"latency_avg_ms":79.9856,"latency_stddev_ms":24.7153,"latency_p95_ms":122.4160,"latency_p99_ms":156.0970},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":3284.4333,"transactions":98533,"latency_avg_ms":78.0056,"latency_stddev_ms":22.8173,"latency_p95_ms":116.7210,"latency_p99_ms":146.3440},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":3209.9000,"transactions":96297,"latency_avg_ms":79.7224,"latency_stddev_ms":24.0805,"latency_p95_ms":121.4870,"latency_p99_ms":151.8000},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":3183.8333,"transactions":95515,"latency_avg_ms":80.3812,"latency_stddev_ms":25.4304,"latency_p95_ms":121.8150,"latency_p99_ms":153.2420},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":3212.1667,"transactions":96365,"latency_avg_ms":79.6739,"latency_stddev_ms":24.5167,"latency_p95_ms":121.8640,"latency_p99_ms":149.4000},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":3252.8333,"transactions":97585,"latency_avg_ms":78.7319,"latency_stddev_ms":22.7446,"latency_p95_ms":118.3300,"latency_p99_ms":144.2140},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":3325.9667,"transactions":99779,"latency_avg_ms":76.9552,"latency_stddev_ms":22.9229,"latency_p95_ms":114.3960,"latency_p99_ms":143.9930},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":3346.8667,"transactions":100406,"latency_avg_ms":76.5120,"latency_stddev_ms":23.0099,"latency_p95_ms":115.7950,"latency_p99_ms":141.7100},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":3328.0333,"transactions":99841,"latency_avg_ms":76.8897,"latency_stddev_ms":23.5579,"latency_p95_ms":116.3960,"latency_p99_ms":143.7780},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":3338.0000,"transactions":100140,"latency_avg_ms":76.7442,"latency_stddev_ms":22.4670,"latency_p95_ms":115.2420,"latency_p99_ms":138.4640},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":3249.6667,"transactions":97490,"latency_avg_ms":78.7760,"latency_stddev_ms":24.0416,"latency_p95_ms":120.8860,"latency_p99_ms":145.8350},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":3353.1000,"transactions":100593,"latency_avg_ms":76.3369,"latency_stddev_ms":22.5469,"latency_p95_ms":115.6150,"latency_p99_ms":142.7560},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":3371.5667,"transactions":101147,"latency_avg_ms":75.8912,"latency_stddev_ms":23.3854,"latency_p95_ms":115.0050,"latency_p99_ms":145.8190},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":3278.0000,"transactions":98340,"latency_avg_ms":78.0856,"latency_stddev_ms":22.2955,"latency_p95_ms":114.2630,"latency_p99_ms":143.7680},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":3271.6000,"transactions":98148,"latency_avg_ms":78.3054,"latency_stddev_ms":23.5823,"latency_p95_ms":117.0660,"latency_p99_ms":150.3160},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":3367.7000,"transactions":101031,"latency_avg_ms":75.9950,"latency_stddev_ms":22.2096,"latency_p95_ms":115.4860,"latency_p99_ms":139.4080},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":3307.8000,"transactions":99234,"latency_avg_ms":77.3975,"latency_stddev_ms":23.0565,"latency_p95_ms":116.0820,"latency_p99_ms":146.1890},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":3317.6333,"transactions":99529,"latency_avg_ms":77.1634,"latency_stddev_ms":23.2193,"latency_p95_ms":115.2790,"latency_p99_ms":145.3010},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":12.8333,"transactions":385,"latency_avg_ms":103.6532,"latency_stddev_ms":76.9643,"latency_p95_ms":294.6800,"latency_p99_ms":338.7070}]}],"source":"aurora/results/aurora_4cpu_32gb_6849_io-optimized.json","region":"us-east-2","cloud":"aws","ha_label":"No HA"}
,{"system":"Crunchy Bridge","date":"2026-03-12","machine":"16vCPU, 64GB RAM","instance":{"type":"Standard-64","vcpus":16,"ram_gb":64,"instance_storage":null,"primary_storage":"20,000 Baseline IOPS/40,000 Maximum IOPS"},"cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","postgres_version":"18.3","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":34247,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared"},"load":{"load_time_seconds":2800.346},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":10857.029230,"transactions":6509647,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":23.532,"latency_stddev_ms":8.335,"initial_connection_time_ms":656.430,"latency_p95_ms":36.639,"latency_p99_ms":41.795},{"run":2,"tps":10890.637379,"transactions":6527763,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":23.467,"latency_stddev_ms":8.485,"initial_connection_time_ms":649.670,"latency_p95_ms":36.652,"latency_p99_ms":41.985},{"run":3,"tps":11113.469249,"transactions":6661355,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":22.996,"latency_stddev_ms":8.383,"initial_connection_time_ms":644.116,"latency_p95_ms":36.402,"latency_p99_ms":41.683}],"source":"crunchy/results/crunchy_16cpu_64gb_34247.json","ha":{"label":"No HA","mode":"off","standbys":0,"live_settings":null},"ha_label":"No HA"}
,{"system":"Crunchy Bridge","date":"2026-07-02","instance":{"type":"Standard-64","vcpus":16,"ram_gb":64,"instance_storage":"950 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"6,000 Baseline IOPS / 40,000 Maximum IOPS"},"machine":"16vCPU, 64GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","ha":{"label":"HA – 1 standby – async","mode":"async","standbys":1,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"local","synchronous_standby_names":"crunchy_ha_standby_6ictxy6ikfbtfabkhz4dbs5bgy"}},"postgres_version":"18.4","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":34247,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":2767.359},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":10858.5292,"transactions":6504259,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":23.5893,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0601,"initial_connection_time_ms":488.800,"latency_p95_ms":37.5850,"latency_p99_ms":42.1560,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":15559.6667,"transactions":466790,"latency_avg_ms":16.4899,"latency_stddev_ms":5.6317,"latency_p95_ms":29.6570,"latency_p99_ms":35.3370},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":10162.1333,"transactions":304864,"latency_avg_ms":25.1880,"latency_stddev_ms":8.7397,"latency_p95_ms":37.7790,"latency_p99_ms":41.8790},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":10673.0667,"transactions":320192,"latency_avg_ms":23.9778,"latency_stddev_ms":9.2318,"latency_p95_ms":37.4870,"latency_p99_ms":42.0380},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":10687.6667,"transactions":320630,"latency_avg_ms":23.9509,"latency_stddev_ms":8.5607,"latency_p95_ms":37.1780,"latency_p99_ms":42.2690},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":10624.7333,"transactions":318742,"latency_avg_ms":24.0858,"latency_stddev_ms":8.9069,"latency_p95_ms":37.6410,"latency_p99_ms":42.2760},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":10579.9667,"transactions":317399,"latency_avg_ms":24.1910,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0416,"latency_p95_ms":38.1340,"latency_p99_ms":42.8470},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":10525.1333,"transactions":315754,"latency_avg_ms":24.3192,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0839,"latency_p95_ms":38.0330,"latency_p99_ms":42.9340},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":10644.3000,"transactions":319329,"latency_avg_ms":24.0433,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0289,"latency_p95_ms":37.8520,"latency_p99_ms":42.6830},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":10634.9000,"transactions":319047,"latency_avg_ms":24.0534,"latency_stddev_ms":9.1067,"latency_p95_ms":37.9480,"latency_p99_ms":42.0980},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":10653.5000,"transactions":319605,"latency_avg_ms":24.0261,"latency_stddev_ms":9.1488,"latency_p95_ms":38.0480,"latency_p99_ms":42.6240},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":10516.9000,"transactions":315507,"latency_avg_ms":24.3432,"latency_stddev_ms":9.1092,"latency_p95_ms":37.9670,"latency_p99_ms":42.2250},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":10297.9000,"transactions":308937,"latency_avg_ms":24.8367,"latency_stddev_ms":8.9694,"latency_p95_ms":37.6910,"latency_p99_ms":42.5510},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":10714.2000,"transactions":321426,"latency_avg_ms":23.8930,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0987,"latency_p95_ms":37.7670,"latency_p99_ms":41.9560},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":10675.7333,"transactions":320272,"latency_avg_ms":23.9783,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0271,"latency_p95_ms":37.6680,"latency_p99_ms":42.6820},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":10739.6667,"transactions":322190,"latency_avg_ms":23.8358,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0501,"latency_p95_ms":37.6040,"latency_p99_ms":41.6160},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":10698.1000,"transactions":320943,"latency_avg_ms":23.9220,"latency_stddev_ms":9.1519,"latency_p95_ms":37.8700,"latency_p99_ms":42.5020},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":10796.6667,"transactions":323900,"latency_avg_ms":23.7093,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0061,"latency_p95_ms":37.5100,"latency_p99_ms":41.7280},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":10697.1333,"transactions":320914,"latency_avg_ms":23.9104,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0764,"latency_p95_ms":37.8380,"latency_p99_ms":42.1750},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":10870.4667,"transactions":326114,"latency_avg_ms":23.5432,"latency_stddev_ms":9.1395,"latency_p95_ms":37.8230,"latency_p99_ms":42.2760},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":10056.8000,"transactions":301704,"latency_avg_ms":24.9671,"latency_stddev_ms":9.1359,"latency_p95_ms":38.1520,"latency_p99_ms":42.2010}]},{"run":2,"tps":10864.7100,"transactions":6518826,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":23.5379,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0942,"initial_connection_time_ms":453.359,"latency_p95_ms":37.6110,"latency_p99_ms":42.1910,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":10655.9667,"transactions":319679,"latency_avg_ms":23.4070,"latency_stddev_ms":9.7126,"latency_p95_ms":37.6860,"latency_p99_ms":42.4230},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":10841.6333,"transactions":325249,"latency_avg_ms":23.6163,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0581,"latency_p95_ms":37.7740,"latency_p99_ms":42.0100},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":10790.8667,"transactions":323726,"latency_avg_ms":23.7234,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0140,"latency_p95_ms":37.7640,"latency_p99_ms":42.3930},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":10780.9333,"transactions":323428,"latency_avg_ms":23.7356,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0301,"latency_p95_ms":37.6410,"latency_p99_ms":42.3010},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":10854.1333,"transactions":325624,"latency_avg_ms":23.5778,"latency_stddev_ms":8.9693,"latency_p95_ms":37.7730,"latency_p99_ms":41.8850},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":10902.6667,"transactions":327080,"latency_avg_ms":23.4639,"latency_stddev_ms":8.9815,"latency_p95_ms":37.4790,"latency_p99_ms":42.2350},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":10752.2333,"transactions":322567,"latency_avg_ms":23.8128,"latency_stddev_ms":8.9889,"latency_p95_ms":37.6720,"latency_p99_ms":41.9810},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":10489.6333,"transactions":314689,"latency_avg_ms":24.3903,"latency_stddev_ms":8.9858,"latency_p95_ms":38.0220,"latency_p99_ms":42.7150},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":10835.2000,"transactions":325056,"latency_avg_ms":23.6297,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0290,"latency_p95_ms":37.8310,"latency_p99_ms":42.5230},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":10951.2667,"transactions":328538,"latency_avg_ms":23.3624,"latency_stddev_ms":8.9562,"latency_p95_ms":37.5050,"latency_p99_ms":42.3900},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":10830.5333,"transactions":324916,"latency_avg_ms":23.6266,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0391,"latency_p95_ms":37.5100,"latency_p99_ms":41.7170},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":10966.4667,"transactions":328994,"latency_avg_ms":23.3375,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0710,"latency_p95_ms":37.9040,"latency_p99_ms":42.3580},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":10969.1000,"transactions":329073,"latency_avg_ms":23.3456,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0992,"latency_p95_ms":37.4620,"latency_p99_ms":41.8780},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":11020.1667,"transactions":330605,"latency_avg_ms":23.2090,"latency_stddev_ms":9.1150,"latency_p95_ms":37.6370,"latency_p99_ms":41.9660},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":10465.0333,"transactions":313951,"latency_avg_ms":24.4593,"latency_stddev_ms":9.1418,"latency_p95_ms":37.7930,"latency_p99_ms":42.5340},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":10991.9000,"transactions":329757,"latency_avg_ms":23.2953,"latency_stddev_ms":9.1471,"latency_p95_ms":37.4260,"latency_p99_ms":42.3160},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":10928.7000,"transactions":327861,"latency_avg_ms":23.4081,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0514,"latency_p95_ms":37.4230,"latency_p99_ms":41.9970},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":10954.3000,"transactions":328629,"latency_avg_ms":23.3625,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0709,"latency_p95_ms":37.2620,"latency_p99_ms":42.2150},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":11127.6000,"transactions":333828,"latency_avg_ms":23.0044,"latency_stddev_ms":9.1623,"latency_p95_ms":37.4220,"latency_p99_ms":42.2920},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":11088.7000,"transactions":332661,"latency_avg_ms":23.0760,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0944,"latency_p95_ms":37.2090,"latency_p99_ms":41.7650},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":97.1667,"transactions":2915,"latency_avg_ms":25.6899,"latency_stddev_ms":9.6086,"latency_p95_ms":40.5430,"latency_p99_ms":42.4620}]},{"run":3,"tps":11134.7479,"transactions":6669714,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":23.0043,"latency_stddev_ms":9.1288,"initial_connection_time_ms":462.235,"latency_p95_ms":37.2390,"latency_p99_ms":41.8910,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":11170.6000,"transactions":335118,"latency_avg_ms":22.8727,"latency_stddev_ms":9.5619,"latency_p95_ms":37.1410,"latency_p99_ms":41.7930},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":10885.9667,"transactions":326579,"latency_avg_ms":23.5163,"latency_stddev_ms":9.2595,"latency_p95_ms":37.6930,"latency_p99_ms":42.1090},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":10843.8667,"transactions":325316,"latency_avg_ms":23.5914,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0836,"latency_p95_ms":37.4560,"latency_p99_ms":42.1350},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":11121.4667,"transactions":333644,"latency_avg_ms":23.0161,"latency_stddev_ms":8.9950,"latency_p95_ms":37.1950,"latency_p99_ms":41.9990},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":11085.6667,"transactions":332570,"latency_avg_ms":23.0837,"latency_stddev_ms":9.1355,"latency_p95_ms":37.3290,"latency_p99_ms":41.9770},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":11127.5333,"transactions":333826,"latency_avg_ms":22.9941,"latency_stddev_ms":9.1745,"latency_p95_ms":37.5510,"latency_p99_ms":41.9510},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":11187.6667,"transactions":335630,"latency_avg_ms":22.8779,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0277,"latency_p95_ms":37.0910,"latency_p99_ms":41.6800},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":11173.9000,"transactions":335217,"latency_avg_ms":22.9046,"latency_stddev_ms":9.1226,"latency_p95_ms":37.2020,"latency_p99_ms":41.8000},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":10782.2333,"transactions":323467,"latency_avg_ms":23.7410,"latency_stddev_ms":9.1368,"latency_p95_ms":37.3410,"latency_p99_ms":41.8360},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":11017.2667,"transactions":330518,"latency_avg_ms":23.2164,"latency_stddev_ms":9.2174,"latency_p95_ms":37.4250,"latency_p99_ms":42.6930},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":11227.2000,"transactions":336816,"latency_avg_ms":22.7949,"latency_stddev_ms":9.1090,"latency_p95_ms":37.0160,"latency_p99_ms":41.3570},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":11155.8667,"transactions":334676,"latency_avg_ms":22.9382,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0980,"latency_p95_ms":37.1880,"latency_p99_ms":41.9520},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":11274.0000,"transactions":338220,"latency_avg_ms":22.7151,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0610,"latency_p95_ms":37.0340,"latency_p99_ms":41.9820},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":11247.9000,"transactions":337437,"latency_avg_ms":22.7499,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0734,"latency_p95_ms":37.2140,"latency_p99_ms":42.4010},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":11291.8667,"transactions":338756,"latency_avg_ms":22.6610,"latency_stddev_ms":8.9525,"latency_p95_ms":36.9260,"latency_p99_ms":41.5980},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":10722.7000,"transactions":321681,"latency_avg_ms":23.8636,"latency_stddev_ms":9.1351,"latency_p95_ms":37.6610,"latency_p99_ms":42.2550},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":11259.3333,"transactions":337780,"latency_avg_ms":22.7321,"latency_stddev_ms":9.1684,"latency_p95_ms":37.3510,"latency_p99_ms":41.8630},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":11259.2333,"transactions":337777,"latency_avg_ms":22.7267,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0470,"latency_p95_ms":36.9080,"latency_p99_ms":41.8200},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":11296.5333,"transactions":338896,"latency_avg_ms":22.6432,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0154,"latency_p95_ms":36.9500,"latency_p99_ms":41.3810},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":11193.0000,"transactions":335790,"latency_avg_ms":22.5602,"latency_stddev_ms":9.0442,"latency_p95_ms":37.0130,"latency_p99_ms":41.3690}]}],"source":"crunchy/results/crunchy_16cpu_64gb_34247_ha-1s-async.json","ha_label":"HA – 1 standby – async"}
,{"system":"Crunchy Bridge","date":"2026-03-12","machine":"16vCPU, 64GB RAM","instance":{"type":"Standard-64","vcpus":16,"ram_gb":64,"instance_storage":null,"primary_storage":"20,000 Baseline IOPS/40,000 Maximum IOPS"},"cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","postgres_version":"18.3","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":6849,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared"},"load":{"load_time_seconds":556.703},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":14789.893466,"transactions":8864734,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":17.269,"latency_stddev_ms":5.881,"initial_connection_time_ms":662.000,"latency_p95_ms":28.322,"latency_p99_ms":34.610},{"run":2,"tps":13300.090038,"transactions":7971752,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":19.208,"latency_stddev_ms":9.527,"initial_connection_time_ms":657.351,"latency_p95_ms":40.198,"latency_p99_ms":52.385},{"run":3,"tps":8571.182655,"transactions":5137390,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":29.825,"latency_stddev_ms":13.151,"initial_connection_time_ms":656.401,"latency_p95_ms":51.682,"latency_p99_ms":63.467}],"source":"crunchy/results/crunchy_16cpu_64gb_6849.json","ha":{"label":"No HA","mode":"off","standbys":0,"live_settings":null},"ha_label":"No HA"}
,{"system":"Crunchy Bridge","date":"2026-07-02","instance":{"type":"Standard-64","vcpus":16,"ram_gb":64,"instance_storage":"950 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"6,000 Baseline IOPS / 40,000 Maximum IOPS"},"machine":"16vCPU, 64GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","ha":{"label":"HA – 1 standby – async","mode":"async","standbys":1,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"local","synchronous_standby_names":"crunchy_ha_standby_6ictxy6ikfbtfabkhz4dbs5bgy"}},"postgres_version":"18.4","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":6849,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":532.302},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":14825.3255,"transactions":8880370,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":17.2767,"latency_stddev_ms":6.2856,"initial_connection_time_ms":449.534,"latency_p95_ms":29.3330,"latency_p99_ms":34.8340,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":17078.9667,"transactions":512369,"latency_avg_ms":14.8896,"latency_stddev_ms":5.3645,"latency_p95_ms":22.7410,"latency_p99_ms":33.6240},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":14363.7000,"transactions":430911,"latency_avg_ms":17.8193,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9747,"latency_p95_ms":28.8500,"latency_p99_ms":33.4900},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":14784.8333,"transactions":443545,"latency_avg_ms":17.3106,"latency_stddev_ms":6.3187,"latency_p95_ms":27.8640,"latency_p99_ms":33.8150},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":15096.6000,"transactions":452898,"latency_avg_ms":16.9503,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5003,"latency_p95_ms":27.6030,"latency_p99_ms":32.8580},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":15614.3000,"transactions":468429,"latency_avg_ms":16.3892,"latency_stddev_ms":5.1383,"latency_p95_ms":26.8110,"latency_p99_ms":31.4150},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":15256.8333,"transactions":457705,"latency_avg_ms":16.7665,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5124,"latency_p95_ms":27.3660,"latency_p99_ms":32.5920},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":15032.5333,"transactions":450976,"latency_avg_ms":17.0241,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8153,"latency_p95_ms":28.4870,"latency_p99_ms":33.6360},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":14100.5000,"transactions":423015,"latency_avg_ms":18.1471,"latency_stddev_ms":6.5311,"latency_p95_ms":30.1360,"latency_p99_ms":35.9110},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":13886.2333,"transactions":416587,"latency_avg_ms":18.4331,"latency_stddev_ms":6.9068,"latency_p95_ms":31.0310,"latency_p99_ms":36.5840},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":13390.8667,"transactions":401726,"latency_avg_ms":19.1103,"latency_stddev_ms":7.4606,"latency_p95_ms":32.4550,"latency_p99_ms":38.8700},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":13522.3333,"transactions":405670,"latency_avg_ms":18.9250,"latency_stddev_ms":7.3590,"latency_p95_ms":32.0470,"latency_p99_ms":39.1800},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":15062.1667,"transactions":451865,"latency_avg_ms":16.9893,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8201,"latency_p95_ms":28.4600,"latency_p99_ms":33.1060},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":15339.3000,"transactions":460179,"latency_avg_ms":16.6769,"latency_stddev_ms":5.7337,"latency_p95_ms":27.7470,"latency_p99_ms":32.7590},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":15114.0667,"transactions":453422,"latency_avg_ms":16.9309,"latency_stddev_ms":6.0026,"latency_p95_ms":28.4140,"latency_p99_ms":32.5160},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":15115.5333,"transactions":453466,"latency_avg_ms":16.9371,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9968,"latency_p95_ms":28.3550,"latency_p99_ms":33.7670},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":14770.5333,"transactions":443116,"latency_avg_ms":17.3241,"latency_stddev_ms":6.3437,"latency_p95_ms":29.4510,"latency_p99_ms":34.8410},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":14653.4000,"transactions":439602,"latency_avg_ms":17.4593,"latency_stddev_ms":6.6033,"latency_p95_ms":29.7140,"latency_p99_ms":35.6770},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":14354.9667,"transactions":430649,"latency_avg_ms":17.8306,"latency_stddev_ms":6.8732,"latency_p95_ms":30.5080,"latency_p99_ms":36.7900},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":14663.7667,"transactions":439913,"latency_avg_ms":17.4513,"latency_stddev_ms":6.7245,"latency_p95_ms":29.9610,"latency_p99_ms":36.2340},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":14810.9000,"transactions":444327,"latency_avg_ms":17.1203,"latency_stddev_ms":6.3291,"latency_p95_ms":29.2140,"latency_p99_ms":34.8080}]},{"run":2,"tps":14839.5150,"transactions":8903709,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":17.2315,"latency_stddev_ms":6.9848,"initial_connection_time_ms":458.152,"latency_p95_ms":30.4670,"latency_p99_ms":37.1540,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":14978.8667,"transactions":449366,"latency_avg_ms":16.7526,"latency_stddev_ms":6.4203,"latency_p95_ms":28.1570,"latency_p99_ms":33.6140},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":15524.6000,"transactions":465738,"latency_avg_ms":16.4873,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9503,"latency_p95_ms":28.3060,"latency_p99_ms":33.8250},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":15417.0000,"transactions":462510,"latency_avg_ms":16.5990,"latency_stddev_ms":6.0389,"latency_p95_ms":28.6800,"latency_p99_ms":33.9300},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":15328.3667,"transactions":459851,"latency_avg_ms":16.6934,"latency_stddev_ms":6.0828,"latency_p95_ms":28.7490,"latency_p99_ms":34.1580},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":15258.5333,"transactions":457756,"latency_avg_ms":16.7683,"latency_stddev_ms":6.2135,"latency_p95_ms":28.7760,"latency_p99_ms":34.6430},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":15226.0000,"transactions":456780,"latency_avg_ms":16.8036,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1856,"latency_p95_ms":28.6600,"latency_p99_ms":34.2900},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":15414.0667,"transactions":462422,"latency_avg_ms":16.6075,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1306,"latency_p95_ms":28.6570,"latency_p99_ms":34.2490},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":15579.8333,"transactions":467395,"latency_avg_ms":16.4212,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8827,"latency_p95_ms":28.0320,"latency_p99_ms":32.6470},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":15695.8333,"transactions":470875,"latency_avg_ms":16.3078,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8250,"latency_p95_ms":28.1810,"latency_p99_ms":33.5180},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":15825.8000,"transactions":474774,"latency_avg_ms":16.1606,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8518,"latency_p95_ms":28.0800,"latency_p99_ms":33.5030},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":15769.7333,"transactions":473092,"latency_avg_ms":16.2316,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8624,"latency_p95_ms":28.0790,"latency_p99_ms":33.7860},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":12437.6667,"transactions":373130,"latency_avg_ms":20.5705,"latency_stddev_ms":6.9191,"latency_p95_ms":31.1470,"latency_p99_ms":38.0270},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":16072.9667,"transactions":482189,"latency_avg_ms":15.9263,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5866,"latency_p95_ms":27.4220,"latency_p99_ms":33.7980},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":12734.1000,"transactions":382023,"latency_avg_ms":20.0961,"latency_stddev_ms":8.9872,"latency_p95_ms":34.7160,"latency_p99_ms":42.0570},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":14487.1333,"transactions":434614,"latency_avg_ms":17.6659,"latency_stddev_ms":7.6268,"latency_p95_ms":31.7870,"latency_p99_ms":38.4270},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":15571.5333,"transactions":467146,"latency_avg_ms":16.4284,"latency_stddev_ms":6.8497,"latency_p95_ms":29.1670,"latency_p99_ms":35.3650},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":13895.8333,"transactions":416875,"latency_avg_ms":18.4140,"latency_stddev_ms":8.4455,"latency_p95_ms":32.4180,"latency_p99_ms":39.5300},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":14305.8333,"transactions":429175,"latency_avg_ms":17.8933,"latency_stddev_ms":8.1930,"latency_p95_ms":32.9520,"latency_p99_ms":40.0020},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":13025.7667,"transactions":390773,"latency_avg_ms":19.6472,"latency_stddev_ms":9.3023,"latency_p95_ms":35.7770,"latency_p99_ms":43.3280},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":14172.5667,"transactions":425177,"latency_avg_ms":18.0606,"latency_stddev_ms":8.4437,"latency_p95_ms":33.6020,"latency_p99_ms":41.5070},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":68.2667,"transactions":2048,"latency_avg_ms":14.9458,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4550,"latency_p95_ms":24.1320,"latency_p99_ms":36.4070}]},{"run":3,"tps":16832.2333,"transactions":10099340,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":15.1905,"latency_stddev_ms":4.8397,"initial_connection_time_ms":497.741,"latency_p95_ms":25.8270,"latency_p99_ms":31.8570,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":14901.0333,"transactions":447031,"latency_avg_ms":16.7857,"latency_stddev_ms":8.2663,"latency_p95_ms":34.0390,"latency_p99_ms":42.6550},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":17704.0667,"transactions":531122,"latency_avg_ms":14.4539,"latency_stddev_ms":4.1567,"latency_p95_ms":23.6510,"latency_p99_ms":31.5800},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":18122.0333,"transactions":543661,"latency_avg_ms":14.1221,"latency_stddev_ms":2.7525,"latency_p95_ms":20.0230,"latency_p99_ms":24.9270},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":17774.7000,"transactions":533241,"latency_avg_ms":14.3933,"latency_stddev_ms":2.8840,"latency_p95_ms":20.5500,"latency_p99_ms":25.6490},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":17620.2667,"transactions":528608,"latency_avg_ms":14.5230,"latency_stddev_ms":3.3441,"latency_p95_ms":22.3740,"latency_p99_ms":26.9590},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":16832.2667,"transactions":504968,"latency_avg_ms":15.2033,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5104,"latency_p95_ms":25.3810,"latency_p99_ms":30.7930},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":16399.8667,"transactions":491996,"latency_avg_ms":15.6070,"latency_stddev_ms":5.0768,"latency_p95_ms":26.8430,"latency_p99_ms":31.8140},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":15851.7333,"transactions":475552,"latency_avg_ms":16.1372,"latency_stddev_ms":5.3898,"latency_p95_ms":27.7260,"latency_p99_ms":32.8420},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":15925.6000,"transactions":477768,"latency_avg_ms":16.0754,"latency_stddev_ms":5.2635,"latency_p95_ms":27.1110,"latency_p99_ms":32.4520},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":16386.3333,"transactions":491590,"latency_avg_ms":15.6203,"latency_stddev_ms":5.0364,"latency_p95_ms":26.5720,"latency_p99_ms":31.2370},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":17159.4000,"transactions":514782,"latency_avg_ms":14.9092,"latency_stddev_ms":4.1279,"latency_p95_ms":24.3720,"latency_p99_ms":29.3840},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":17160.4000,"transactions":514812,"latency_avg_ms":14.9149,"latency_stddev_ms":4.2052,"latency_p95_ms":24.6120,"latency_p99_ms":29.5530},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":17029.4333,"transactions":510883,"latency_avg_ms":15.0241,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4527,"latency_p95_ms":24.9930,"latency_p99_ms":29.4900},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":16698.7000,"transactions":500961,"latency_avg_ms":15.3293,"latency_stddev_ms":4.9467,"latency_p95_ms":26.3190,"latency_p99_ms":31.2040},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":16491.4000,"transactions":494742,"latency_avg_ms":15.5130,"latency_stddev_ms":5.2535,"latency_p95_ms":26.6920,"latency_p99_ms":31.9540},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":16446.7667,"transactions":493403,"latency_avg_ms":15.5607,"latency_stddev_ms":5.3992,"latency_p95_ms":27.2390,"latency_p99_ms":32.5840},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":16827.8333,"transactions":504835,"latency_avg_ms":15.2057,"latency_stddev_ms":4.9577,"latency_p95_ms":26.0080,"latency_p99_ms":31.5540},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":17038.0667,"transactions":511142,"latency_avg_ms":15.0221,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7919,"latency_p95_ms":25.9240,"latency_p99_ms":30.2870},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":17179.0333,"transactions":515371,"latency_avg_ms":14.8950,"latency_stddev_ms":4.6531,"latency_p95_ms":25.5100,"latency_p99_ms":30.3160},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":17003.7333,"transactions":510112,"latency_avg_ms":15.0474,"latency_stddev_ms":4.9031,"latency_p95_ms":26.1400,"latency_p99_ms":31.1310},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":92.0000,"transactions":2760,"latency_avg_ms":17.1890,"latency_stddev_ms":6.5628,"latency_p95_ms":27.4100,"latency_p99_ms":36.5080}]}],"source":"crunchy/results/crunchy_16cpu_64gb_6849_ha-1s-async.json","ha_label":"HA – 1 standby – async"}
,{"system":"Crunchy Bridge","date":"2026-03-12","machine":"4vCPU, 16GB RAM","instance":{"type":"Standard-16","vcpus":4,"ram_gb":16,"instance_storage":null,"primary_storage":"6,000 Baseline IOPS / 40,000 Maximum IOPS "},"cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","postgres_version":"18.3","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":6849,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared"},"load":{"load_time_seconds":548.796},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":6291.232234,"transactions":3770892,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":40.675,"latency_stddev_ms":13.504,"initial_connection_time_ms":748.452,"latency_p95_ms":67.267,"latency_p99_ms":85.830},{"run":2,"tps":6337.976129,"transactions":3799169,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":40.376,"latency_stddev_ms":13.200,"initial_connection_time_ms":682.744,"latency_p95_ms":66.109,"latency_p99_ms":85.837},{"run":3,"tps":6330.802808,"transactions":3794918,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":40.422,"latency_stddev_ms":13.085,"initial_connection_time_ms":702.393,"latency_p95_ms":65.588,"latency_p99_ms":82.928}],"source":"crunchy/results/crunchy_4cpu_16gb_6849.json","ha":{"label":"No HA","mode":"off","standbys":0,"live_settings":null},"ha_label":"No HA"}
,{"system":"Crunchy Bridge","date":"2026-07-02","instance":{"type":"Standard-16","vcpus":4,"ram_gb":16,"instance_storage":"950 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"6,000 Baseline IOPS / 40,000 Maximum IOPS"},"machine":"4vCPU, 16GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","ha":{"label":"HA – 1 standby – async","mode":"async","standbys":1,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"local","synchronous_standby_names":"crunchy_ha_standby_6ictxy6ikfbtfabkhz4dbs5bgy"}},"postgres_version":"18.4","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":6849,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":550.492},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":6382.5083,"transactions":3829505,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":40.0676,"latency_stddev_ms":14.3145,"initial_connection_time_ms":611.042,"latency_p95_ms":65.6240,"latency_p99_ms":86.1170,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":6596.2667,"transactions":197888,"latency_avg_ms":37.9415,"latency_stddev_ms":13.5287,"latency_p95_ms":60.4570,"latency_p99_ms":79.5830},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":6091.0667,"transactions":182732,"latency_avg_ms":42.0267,"latency_stddev_ms":14.0873,"latency_p95_ms":68.5620,"latency_p99_ms":85.3150},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":6193.0333,"transactions":185791,"latency_avg_ms":41.3298,"latency_stddev_ms":14.1595,"latency_p95_ms":66.8630,"latency_p99_ms":86.7470},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":6387.2667,"transactions":191618,"latency_avg_ms":40.0824,"latency_stddev_ms":13.8091,"latency_p95_ms":64.2650,"latency_p99_ms":81.8260},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":6101.9000,"transactions":183057,"latency_avg_ms":41.9484,"latency_stddev_ms":15.2942,"latency_p95_ms":69.0950,"latency_p99_ms":94.1260},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":6332.7333,"transactions":189982,"latency_avg_ms":40.4145,"latency_stddev_ms":14.3068,"latency_p95_ms":65.7230,"latency_p99_ms":84.5200},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":6124.3000,"transactions":183729,"latency_avg_ms":41.8032,"latency_stddev_ms":15.0186,"latency_p95_ms":69.0500,"latency_p99_ms":89.7950},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":6343.5000,"transactions":190305,"latency_avg_ms":40.3677,"latency_stddev_ms":14.0491,"latency_p95_ms":65.2540,"latency_p99_ms":84.2780},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":6247.6333,"transactions":187429,"latency_avg_ms":40.9714,"latency_stddev_ms":14.7241,"latency_p95_ms":67.8150,"latency_p99_ms":87.6430},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":6433.3000,"transactions":192999,"latency_avg_ms":39.7727,"latency_stddev_ms":13.7118,"latency_p95_ms":63.8450,"latency_p99_ms":84.3090},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":6561.3667,"transactions":196841,"latency_avg_ms":39.0105,"latency_stddev_ms":13.1798,"latency_p95_ms":63.2300,"latency_p99_ms":79.0680},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":6281.3333,"transactions":188440,"latency_avg_ms":40.7688,"latency_stddev_ms":15.0538,"latency_p95_ms":68.3730,"latency_p99_ms":89.5830},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":6564.2000,"transactions":196926,"latency_avg_ms":38.9817,"latency_stddev_ms":13.1364,"latency_p95_ms":62.5650,"latency_p99_ms":79.2260},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":6334.0667,"transactions":190022,"latency_avg_ms":40.4212,"latency_stddev_ms":14.9395,"latency_p95_ms":66.2900,"latency_p99_ms":93.0730},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":6692.3000,"transactions":200769,"latency_avg_ms":38.2530,"latency_stddev_ms":13.6585,"latency_p95_ms":62.5760,"latency_p99_ms":81.3040},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":6393.2333,"transactions":191797,"latency_avg_ms":40.0341,"latency_stddev_ms":14.3719,"latency_p95_ms":66.6950,"latency_p99_ms":87.5180},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":6612.5333,"transactions":198376,"latency_avg_ms":38.7181,"latency_stddev_ms":13.2801,"latency_p95_ms":62.8840,"latency_p99_ms":80.8950},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":6378.2333,"transactions":191347,"latency_avg_ms":40.1420,"latency_stddev_ms":15.1466,"latency_p95_ms":67.0930,"latency_p99_ms":91.2200},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":6647.2333,"transactions":199417,"latency_avg_ms":38.4970,"latency_stddev_ms":13.5868,"latency_p95_ms":62.3300,"latency_p99_ms":81.2770},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":6321.5667,"transactions":189647,"latency_avg_ms":40.4977,"latency_stddev_ms":16.0948,"latency_p95_ms":69.6580,"latency_p99_ms":98.3960},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":13.1000,"transactions":393,"latency_avg_ms":53.0019,"latency_stddev_ms":16.8646,"latency_p95_ms":86.2960,"latency_p99_ms":113.4570}]},{"run":2,"tps":6507.2567,"transactions":3904354,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":39.3099,"latency_stddev_ms":13.9095,"initial_connection_time_ms":442.177,"latency_p95_ms":64.2540,"latency_p99_ms":83.4950,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":6497.9000,"transactions":194937,"latency_avg_ms":38.2691,"latency_stddev_ms":13.6042,"latency_p95_ms":60.9190,"latency_p99_ms":79.9620},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":6549.4000,"transactions":196482,"latency_avg_ms":39.0828,"latency_stddev_ms":14.2200,"latency_p95_ms":64.0610,"latency_p99_ms":85.6170},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":6541.9667,"transactions":196259,"latency_avg_ms":39.1190,"latency_stddev_ms":14.1696,"latency_p95_ms":63.4600,"latency_p99_ms":90.6760},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":6596.5000,"transactions":197895,"latency_avg_ms":38.7979,"latency_stddev_ms":13.3312,"latency_p95_ms":62.6960,"latency_p99_ms":79.2400},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":6382.8333,"transactions":191485,"latency_avg_ms":40.1012,"latency_stddev_ms":14.6038,"latency_p95_ms":67.1840,"latency_p99_ms":91.6300},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":6610.2667,"transactions":198308,"latency_avg_ms":38.7345,"latency_stddev_ms":13.4551,"latency_p95_ms":62.9810,"latency_p99_ms":79.8000},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":6244.1000,"transactions":187323,"latency_avg_ms":41.0040,"latency_stddev_ms":14.8788,"latency_p95_ms":68.0190,"latency_p99_ms":87.4880},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":6422.3333,"transactions":192670,"latency_avg_ms":39.8513,"latency_stddev_ms":13.8443,"latency_p95_ms":64.0180,"latency_p99_ms":83.4200},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":6420.9000,"transactions":192627,"latency_avg_ms":39.8483,"latency_stddev_ms":14.1750,"latency_p95_ms":65.4350,"latency_p99_ms":84.6290},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":6535.7667,"transactions":196073,"latency_avg_ms":39.1869,"latency_stddev_ms":13.0299,"latency_p95_ms":63.1880,"latency_p99_ms":79.7870},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":6701.8333,"transactions":201055,"latency_avg_ms":38.1964,"latency_stddev_ms":12.8490,"latency_p95_ms":61.0640,"latency_p99_ms":77.9130},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":6344.8333,"transactions":190345,"latency_avg_ms":40.3344,"latency_stddev_ms":14.2783,"latency_p95_ms":66.4520,"latency_p99_ms":87.8790},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":6614.8667,"transactions":198446,"latency_avg_ms":38.7150,"latency_stddev_ms":13.3220,"latency_p95_ms":63.1030,"latency_p99_ms":80.4070},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":6314.8667,"transactions":189446,"latency_avg_ms":40.5260,"latency_stddev_ms":14.6125,"latency_p95_ms":66.6380,"latency_p99_ms":87.6090},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":6653.9667,"transactions":199619,"latency_avg_ms":38.4713,"latency_stddev_ms":13.3476,"latency_p95_ms":62.3670,"latency_p99_ms":80.3240},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":6510.2000,"transactions":195306,"latency_avg_ms":39.3298,"latency_stddev_ms":13.7248,"latency_p95_ms":64.1320,"latency_p99_ms":81.1810},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":6404.3000,"transactions":192129,"latency_avg_ms":39.9717,"latency_stddev_ms":14.5311,"latency_p95_ms":66.7710,"latency_p99_ms":86.3580},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":6622.4333,"transactions":198673,"latency_avg_ms":38.6324,"latency_stddev_ms":13.7780,"latency_p95_ms":62.8910,"latency_p99_ms":81.0320},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":6501.8667,"transactions":195056,"latency_avg_ms":39.3846,"latency_stddev_ms":13.7850,"latency_p95_ms":64.3550,"latency_p99_ms":82.3590},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":6577.3333,"transactions":197320,"latency_avg_ms":38.9016,"latency_stddev_ms":14.1855,"latency_p95_ms":64.3610,"latency_p99_ms":82.9230},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":96.6667,"transactions":2900,"latency_avg_ms":39.6848,"latency_stddev_ms":13.4738,"latency_p95_ms":58.9550,"latency_p99_ms":90.8510}]},{"run":3,"tps":6586.6027,"transactions":3945375,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":38.9012,"latency_stddev_ms":13.9169,"initial_connection_time_ms":470.634,"latency_p95_ms":63.7800,"latency_p99_ms":82.1260,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":6468.4000,"transactions":194052,"latency_avg_ms":39.1988,"latency_stddev_ms":14.8930,"latency_p95_ms":64.1130,"latency_p99_ms":84.4560},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":6569.2667,"transactions":197078,"latency_avg_ms":38.9541,"latency_stddev_ms":13.5431,"latency_p95_ms":63.6940,"latency_p99_ms":80.8700},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":6532.5333,"transactions":195976,"latency_avg_ms":39.1982,"latency_stddev_ms":14.0382,"latency_p95_ms":64.3240,"latency_p99_ms":82.0870},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":6364.9333,"transactions":190948,"latency_avg_ms":40.2054,"latency_stddev_ms":15.3739,"latency_p95_ms":66.6530,"latency_p99_ms":91.4550},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":6539.7333,"transactions":196192,"latency_avg_ms":39.1496,"latency_stddev_ms":14.1022,"latency_p95_ms":63.9710,"latency_p99_ms":82.3800},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":6524.8333,"transactions":195745,"latency_avg_ms":39.2339,"latency_stddev_ms":13.8429,"latency_p95_ms":64.4940,"latency_p99_ms":81.6480},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":6516.4000,"transactions":195492,"latency_avg_ms":39.2681,"latency_stddev_ms":14.0341,"latency_p95_ms":64.5300,"latency_p99_ms":82.8290},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":6655.9333,"transactions":199678,"latency_avg_ms":38.4841,"latency_stddev_ms":13.1615,"latency_p95_ms":62.1750,"latency_p99_ms":77.7990},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":6347.0000,"transactions":190410,"latency_avg_ms":40.3046,"latency_stddev_ms":14.9498,"latency_p95_ms":66.7330,"latency_p99_ms":88.2800},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":6677.3667,"transactions":200321,"latency_avg_ms":38.3439,"latency_stddev_ms":13.4513,"latency_p95_ms":62.2010,"latency_p99_ms":78.3920},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":6586.9333,"transactions":197608,"latency_avg_ms":38.8853,"latency_stddev_ms":13.8007,"latency_p95_ms":63.7860,"latency_p99_ms":80.7330},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":6472.5667,"transactions":194177,"latency_avg_ms":39.5294,"latency_stddev_ms":14.3095,"latency_p95_ms":65.4530,"latency_p99_ms":84.7120},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":6658.1667,"transactions":199745,"latency_avg_ms":38.4354,"latency_stddev_ms":13.6330,"latency_p95_ms":62.3250,"latency_p99_ms":79.7770},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":6516.5667,"transactions":195497,"latency_avg_ms":39.2892,"latency_stddev_ms":14.0901,"latency_p95_ms":64.8600,"latency_p99_ms":85.1710},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":6667.3667,"transactions":200021,"latency_avg_ms":38.4056,"latency_stddev_ms":13.7734,"latency_p95_ms":63.0720,"latency_p99_ms":80.3940},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":6738.2667,"transactions":202148,"latency_avg_ms":37.9883,"latency_stddev_ms":13.2603,"latency_p95_ms":61.7740,"latency_p99_ms":80.0120},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":6527.4667,"transactions":195824,"latency_avg_ms":39.2270,"latency_stddev_ms":13.7163,"latency_p95_ms":63.8960,"latency_p99_ms":80.1610},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":6868.7000,"transactions":206061,"latency_avg_ms":37.2409,"latency_stddev_ms":12.5733,"latency_p95_ms":60.2550,"latency_p99_ms":74.4470},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":6527.0000,"transactions":195810,"latency_avg_ms":39.2214,"latency_stddev_ms":14.1989,"latency_p95_ms":65.5210,"latency_p99_ms":86.3100},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":6753.0667,"transactions":202592,"latency_avg_ms":37.7374,"latency_stddev_ms":13.1275,"latency_p95_ms":61.1870,"latency_p99_ms":77.9200}]}],"source":"crunchy/results/crunchy_4cpu_16gb_6849_ha-1s-async.json","ha_label":"HA – 1 standby – async"}
,{"system":"Neon","date":"2026-03-11","machine":"16vCPU, 64GB RAM","instance":{"type":"Serverless","vcpus":16,"ram_gb":64,"instance_storage":null,"primary_storage":null},"cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","postgres_version":"18.2 (e21737f)","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":34247,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared"},"load":{"load_time_seconds":5159.615},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":7631.027805,"transactions":4572666,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":33.526,"latency_stddev_ms":9.623,"initial_connection_time_ms":814.633,"latency_p95_ms":48.163,"latency_p99_ms":57.162},{"run":2,"tps":7645.810679,"transactions":4581578,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":33.474,"latency_stddev_ms":9.192,"initial_connection_time_ms":808.131,"latency_p95_ms":48.065,"latency_p99_ms":57.203},{"run":3,"tps":7801.883073,"transactions":4675102,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":32.804,"latency_stddev_ms":8.862,"initial_connection_time_ms":809.831,"latency_p95_ms":47.539,"latency_p99_ms":56.302}],"source":"neon/results/neon_16cpu_64gb_34247.json","ha":{"label":"No HA","mode":"off","standbys":0,"live_settings":null},"ha_label":"No HA"}
,{"system":"Neon","date":"2026-03-11","machine":"16vCPU, 64GB RAM","instance":{"type":"Serverless","vcpus":16,"ram_gb":64,"instance_storage":null,"primary_storage":null},"cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","postgres_version":"18.2 (e21737f)","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":6849,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared"},"load":{"load_time_seconds":858.876},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":8563.032053,"transactions":5138810,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":29.832,"latency_stddev_ms":7.949,"initial_connection_time_ms":820.412,"latency_p95_ms":41.423,"latency_p99_ms":49.213},{"run":2,"tps":8483.160973,"transactions":5083223,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":30.169,"latency_stddev_ms":7.312,"initial_connection_time_ms":812.958,"latency_p95_ms":41.843,"latency_p99_ms":47.951},{"run":3,"tps":8483.258175,"transactions":5083307,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":30.168,"latency_stddev_ms":7.384,"initial_connection_time_ms":815.163,"latency_p95_ms":42.503,"latency_p99_ms":49.092}],"source":"neon/results/neon_16cpu_64gb_6849.json","ha":{"label":"No HA","mode":"off","standbys":0,"live_settings":null},"ha_label":"No HA"}
,{"system":"Neon","date":"2026-03-11","machine":"4vCPU, 16GB RAM","instance":{"type":"Serverless","vcpus":4,"ram_gb":16,"instance_storage":null,"primary_storage":null},"cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","postgres_version":"18.2 (e21737f)","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":6849,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared"},"load":{"load_time_seconds":994.358},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":2161.459151,"transactions":1295227,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":118.281,"latency_stddev_ms":55.027,"initial_connection_time_ms":813.566,"latency_p95_ms":215.559,"latency_p99_ms":236.412},{"run":2,"tps":2846.860035,"transactions":1705960,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":89.907,"latency_stddev_ms":9.831,"initial_connection_time_ms":806.299,"latency_p95_ms":106.145,"latency_p99_ms":116.473},{"run":3,"tps":2820.061122,"transactions":1690028,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":90.756,"latency_stddev_ms":9.503,"initial_connection_time_ms":822.990,"latency_p95_ms":107.072,"latency_p99_ms":116.553}],"source":"neon/results/neon_4cpu_16gb_6849.json","ha":{"label":"No HA","mode":"off","standbys":0,"live_settings":null},"ha_label":"No HA"}
,{"system":"Postgres managed by Clickhouse","date":"2026-03-18","instance":{"type":"m8gd.4xlarge","vcpus":16,"ram_gb":64,"instance_storage":"950 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"NVMe"},"machine":"16vCPU, 64GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","postgres_version":"18.3 (Ubuntu 18.3-1.pgdg22.04+1)","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":34247,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared"},"load":{"load_time_seconds":2634.875},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":25885.015554,"transactions":15514715,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":9.869,"latency_stddev_ms":1.309,"initial_connection_time_ms":675.325,"latency_p95_ms":11.721,"latency_p99_ms":13.305},{"run":2,"tps":26101.674175,"transactions":15644811,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":9.787,"latency_stddev_ms":1.359,"initial_connection_time_ms":672.113,"latency_p95_ms":11.604,"latency_p99_ms":13.261},{"run":3,"tps":26327.728271,"transactions":15780644,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":9.703,"latency_stddev_ms":1.323,"initial_connection_time_ms":656.672,"latency_p95_ms":11.402,"latency_p99_ms":13.197}],"source":"postgres_by_clickhouse/results/postgres_by_clickhouse_16cpu_64gb_34247.json","ha":{"label":"No HA","mode":"off","standbys":0,"live_settings":null},"ha_label":"No HA"}
,{"system":"Postgres managed by Clickhouse","date":"2026-07-02","instance":{"type":"m8gd.4xlarge","vcpus":16,"ram_gb":64,"instance_storage":"950 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"NVMe"},"machine":"16vCPU, 64GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","ha":{"label":"HA – 1 standby – async","mode":"async","standbys":1,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"on","synchronous_standby_names":null}},"postgres_version":"18.4 (Ubuntu 18.4-1.pgdg22.04+1)","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":34247,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":2674.458},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":23860.3055,"transactions":14292323,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":10.7365,"latency_stddev_ms":4.6046,"initial_connection_time_ms":395.420,"latency_p95_ms":18.8120,"latency_p99_ms":25.2490,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":27381.6667,"transactions":821450,"latency_avg_ms":9.3171,"latency_stddev_ms":2.9793,"latency_p95_ms":13.7390,"latency_p99_ms":16.9470},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":23472.4667,"transactions":704174,"latency_avg_ms":10.9030,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7031,"latency_p95_ms":18.9150,"latency_p99_ms":25.4770},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":23885.1667,"transactions":716555,"latency_avg_ms":10.7123,"latency_stddev_ms":4.2961,"latency_p95_ms":17.9250,"latency_p99_ms":24.3990},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":23387.7000,"transactions":701631,"latency_avg_ms":10.9438,"latency_stddev_ms":5.0300,"latency_p95_ms":19.8420,"latency_p99_ms":26.7020},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":23210.2333,"transactions":696307,"latency_avg_ms":11.0263,"latency_stddev_ms":4.9863,"latency_p95_ms":19.9160,"latency_p99_ms":25.8560},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":23656.8000,"transactions":709704,"latency_avg_ms":10.8181,"latency_stddev_ms":4.9659,"latency_p95_ms":19.4070,"latency_p99_ms":25.5860},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":23218.3000,"transactions":696549,"latency_avg_ms":11.0222,"latency_stddev_ms":5.1348,"latency_p95_ms":19.1350,"latency_p99_ms":27.4750},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":23523.5667,"transactions":705707,"latency_avg_ms":10.8782,"latency_stddev_ms":4.6114,"latency_p95_ms":19.0710,"latency_p99_ms":25.1190},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":23682.8333,"transactions":710485,"latency_avg_ms":10.8063,"latency_stddev_ms":4.1302,"latency_p95_ms":18.2640,"latency_p99_ms":24.6960},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":23271.3333,"transactions":698140,"latency_avg_ms":10.9975,"latency_stddev_ms":4.6231,"latency_p95_ms":19.7020,"latency_p99_ms":25.7320},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":23651.5667,"transactions":709547,"latency_avg_ms":10.8184,"latency_stddev_ms":4.9008,"latency_p95_ms":18.7910,"latency_p99_ms":24.6490},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":23981.3333,"transactions":719440,"latency_avg_ms":10.6736,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3661,"latency_p95_ms":18.5480,"latency_p99_ms":24.6850},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":23710.8000,"transactions":711324,"latency_avg_ms":10.7925,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4909,"latency_p95_ms":19.3140,"latency_p99_ms":25.5880},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":23772.2667,"transactions":713168,"latency_avg_ms":10.7643,"latency_stddev_ms":4.6072,"latency_p95_ms":19.2520,"latency_p99_ms":25.7750},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":23901.1667,"transactions":717035,"latency_avg_ms":10.7079,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3363,"latency_p95_ms":18.3540,"latency_p99_ms":24.7240},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":23503.6333,"transactions":705109,"latency_avg_ms":10.8888,"latency_stddev_ms":4.8435,"latency_p95_ms":19.6500,"latency_p99_ms":26.1720},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":23680.6333,"transactions":710419,"latency_avg_ms":10.8053,"latency_stddev_ms":5.0759,"latency_p95_ms":18.9560,"latency_p99_ms":25.2710},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":23987.1333,"transactions":719614,"latency_avg_ms":10.6700,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4894,"latency_p95_ms":18.5940,"latency_p99_ms":25.0890},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":23575.2667,"transactions":707258,"latency_avg_ms":10.8546,"latency_stddev_ms":4.8195,"latency_p95_ms":19.6630,"latency_p99_ms":26.0220},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":23956.9000,"transactions":718707,"latency_avg_ms":10.5783,"latency_stddev_ms":4.1724,"latency_p95_ms":18.2790,"latency_p99_ms":24.2770}]},{"run":2,"tps":24117.6233,"transactions":14470574,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":10.6039,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4291,"initial_connection_time_ms":411.727,"latency_p95_ms":18.0880,"latency_p99_ms":24.2280,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":24177.1000,"transactions":725313,"latency_avg_ms":10.4375,"latency_stddev_ms":5.1205,"latency_p95_ms":16.2470,"latency_p99_ms":23.7120},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":22882.4333,"transactions":686473,"latency_avg_ms":11.1833,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7687,"latency_p95_ms":20.0160,"latency_p99_ms":26.4910},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":24163.7667,"transactions":724913,"latency_avg_ms":10.5921,"latency_stddev_ms":3.9620,"latency_p95_ms":17.5590,"latency_p99_ms":23.3880},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":23692.6000,"transactions":710778,"latency_avg_ms":10.8010,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4129,"latency_p95_ms":18.9920,"latency_p99_ms":24.8780},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":23845.4000,"transactions":715362,"latency_avg_ms":10.7300,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7777,"latency_p95_ms":18.5890,"latency_p99_ms":24.3630},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":24554.8667,"transactions":736646,"latency_avg_ms":10.4225,"latency_stddev_ms":3.9000,"latency_p95_ms":17.1680,"latency_p99_ms":23.1470},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":24090.6000,"transactions":722718,"latency_avg_ms":10.6243,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4197,"latency_p95_ms":18.9410,"latency_p99_ms":24.9610},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":24098.8667,"transactions":722966,"latency_avg_ms":10.6193,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7809,"latency_p95_ms":17.8950,"latency_p99_ms":25.5160},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":23527.2000,"transactions":705816,"latency_avg_ms":10.8773,"latency_stddev_ms":5.0237,"latency_p95_ms":19.2510,"latency_p99_ms":25.0660},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":24790.5000,"transactions":743715,"latency_avg_ms":10.3230,"latency_stddev_ms":3.6533,"latency_p95_ms":16.7710,"latency_p99_ms":22.5210},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":23693.7333,"transactions":710812,"latency_avg_ms":10.7998,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3102,"latency_p95_ms":18.6630,"latency_p99_ms":24.4550},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":23835.9333,"transactions":715078,"latency_avg_ms":10.7381,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3430,"latency_p95_ms":18.8200,"latency_p99_ms":24.6090},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":24650.2000,"transactions":739506,"latency_avg_ms":10.3810,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7017,"latency_p95_ms":16.6370,"latency_p99_ms":22.8690},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":24211.6667,"transactions":726350,"latency_avg_ms":10.5700,"latency_stddev_ms":4.2429,"latency_p95_ms":18.2870,"latency_p99_ms":24.0910},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":24147.7333,"transactions":724432,"latency_avg_ms":10.5969,"latency_stddev_ms":4.1969,"latency_p95_ms":18.2590,"latency_p99_ms":24.0330},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":24591.1667,"transactions":737735,"latency_avg_ms":10.4073,"latency_stddev_ms":4.2551,"latency_p95_ms":17.1880,"latency_p99_ms":25.0200},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":24569.3000,"transactions":737079,"latency_avg_ms":10.4149,"latency_stddev_ms":4.0356,"latency_p95_ms":17.2640,"latency_p99_ms":23.0020},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":23976.0333,"transactions":719281,"latency_avg_ms":10.6751,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7157,"latency_p95_ms":18.7790,"latency_p99_ms":24.4660},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":24202.8333,"transactions":726085,"latency_avg_ms":10.5720,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7863,"latency_p95_ms":18.0980,"latency_p99_ms":23.7310},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":24643.1667,"transactions":739295,"latency_avg_ms":10.3846,"latency_stddev_ms":3.7864,"latency_p95_ms":17.3500,"latency_p99_ms":22.9760},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":7.3667,"transactions":221,"latency_avg_ms":21.1869,"latency_stddev_ms":7.8684,"latency_p95_ms":38.2820,"latency_p99_ms":46.3370}]},{"run":3,"tps":24666.5483,"transactions":14799929,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":10.3684,"latency_stddev_ms":4.1261,"initial_connection_time_ms":379.918,"latency_p95_ms":17.6660,"latency_p99_ms":24.1690,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":24617.1333,"transactions":738514,"latency_avg_ms":10.1270,"latency_stddev_ms":3.8333,"latency_p95_ms":16.1180,"latency_p99_ms":22.1440},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":24146.6333,"transactions":724399,"latency_avg_ms":10.5983,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3625,"latency_p95_ms":18.8310,"latency_p99_ms":25.2110},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":24450.6333,"transactions":733519,"latency_avg_ms":10.4649,"latency_stddev_ms":4.2983,"latency_p95_ms":18.1240,"latency_p99_ms":24.4670},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":24879.5333,"transactions":746386,"latency_avg_ms":10.2862,"latency_stddev_ms":4.0593,"latency_p95_ms":16.9420,"latency_p99_ms":24.3510},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":24781.5000,"transactions":743445,"latency_avg_ms":10.3264,"latency_stddev_ms":3.8473,"latency_p95_ms":17.1150,"latency_p99_ms":23.2400},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":24105.7000,"transactions":723171,"latency_avg_ms":10.6171,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3409,"latency_p95_ms":18.9200,"latency_p99_ms":25.1390},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":24983.2667,"transactions":749498,"latency_avg_ms":10.2427,"latency_stddev_ms":3.7948,"latency_p95_ms":16.4430,"latency_p99_ms":23.0820},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":24108.4000,"transactions":723252,"latency_avg_ms":10.6158,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4849,"latency_p95_ms":18.9710,"latency_p99_ms":25.1270},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":25168.9333,"transactions":755068,"latency_avg_ms":10.1671,"latency_stddev_ms":3.7366,"latency_p95_ms":16.6230,"latency_p99_ms":22.8440},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":24362.9000,"transactions":730887,"latency_avg_ms":10.5044,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5221,"latency_p95_ms":18.7400,"latency_p99_ms":25.3960},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":25170.0667,"transactions":755102,"latency_avg_ms":10.1673,"latency_stddev_ms":3.8328,"latency_p95_ms":16.9660,"latency_p99_ms":22.9370},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":24510.5667,"transactions":735317,"latency_avg_ms":10.4407,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4476,"latency_p95_ms":17.1420,"latency_p99_ms":25.6550},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":24371.9000,"transactions":731157,"latency_avg_ms":10.5002,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3961,"latency_p95_ms":18.6080,"latency_p99_ms":25.2110},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":25122.5000,"transactions":753675,"latency_avg_ms":10.1867,"latency_stddev_ms":3.7603,"latency_p95_ms":16.7180,"latency_p99_ms":22.4290},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":24119.8667,"transactions":723596,"latency_avg_ms":10.6098,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4122,"latency_p95_ms":19.0270,"latency_p99_ms":25.4160},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":24960.2667,"transactions":748808,"latency_avg_ms":10.2524,"latency_stddev_ms":4.1122,"latency_p95_ms":16.7430,"latency_p99_ms":22.9100},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":24247.1333,"transactions":727414,"latency_avg_ms":10.5544,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3064,"latency_p95_ms":18.8370,"latency_p99_ms":24.6540},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":25175.6667,"transactions":755270,"latency_avg_ms":10.1648,"latency_stddev_ms":3.7735,"latency_p95_ms":16.6670,"latency_p99_ms":22.8600},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":24311.3667,"transactions":729341,"latency_avg_ms":10.5267,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3878,"latency_p95_ms":18.8380,"latency_p99_ms":25.0620},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":25397.3000,"transactions":761919,"latency_avg_ms":10.0753,"latency_stddev_ms":3.6021,"latency_p95_ms":16.0860,"latency_p99_ms":22.3720},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":339.7000,"transactions":10191,"latency_avg_ms":10.2684,"latency_stddev_ms":4.0260,"latency_p95_ms":16.4990,"latency_p99_ms":21.7370}]}],"source":"postgres_by_clickhouse/results/postgres_by_clickhouse_16cpu_64gb_34247_ha-1s-async.json","ha_label":"HA – 1 standby – async"}
,{"system":"Postgres managed by Clickhouse","date":"2026-07-02","instance":{"type":"m8gd.4xlarge","vcpus":16,"ram_gb":64,"instance_storage":"950 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"NVMe"},"machine":"16vCPU, 64GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","ha":{"label":"HA – 2 standbys – sync","mode":"sync","standbys":2,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"on","synchronous_standby_names":"ANY 1 (pvc1wy09ak3p0k7xgcbht9z612,pv6swwm0wre61k7hmg233yk26r)"}},"postgres_version":"18.4 (Ubuntu 18.4-1.pgdg22.04+1)","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":34247,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":2652.397},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":20043.9115,"transactions":12006303,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":12.7815,"latency_stddev_ms":6.3180,"initial_connection_time_ms":407.877,"latency_p95_ms":26.8000,"latency_p99_ms":34.7520,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":21610.0667,"transactions":648302,"latency_avg_ms":11.7311,"latency_stddev_ms":5.0951,"latency_p95_ms":20.3360,"latency_p99_ms":29.4120},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":20447.7000,"transactions":613431,"latency_avg_ms":12.5186,"latency_stddev_ms":6.3636,"latency_p95_ms":26.3910,"latency_p99_ms":33.5670},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":19045.4000,"transactions":571362,"latency_avg_ms":13.4376,"latency_stddev_ms":6.7089,"latency_p95_ms":28.6410,"latency_p99_ms":34.9760},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":19145.3667,"transactions":574361,"latency_avg_ms":13.3695,"latency_stddev_ms":6.6974,"latency_p95_ms":28.8680,"latency_p99_ms":35.6940},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":19392.5667,"transactions":581777,"latency_avg_ms":13.1954,"latency_stddev_ms":6.6830,"latency_p95_ms":28.3410,"latency_p99_ms":35.5360},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":19989.6000,"transactions":599688,"latency_avg_ms":12.8042,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9641,"latency_p95_ms":25.2850,"latency_p99_ms":34.9650},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":21012.9000,"transactions":630387,"latency_avg_ms":12.1802,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7198,"latency_p95_ms":20.7840,"latency_p99_ms":27.9430},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":21548.9667,"transactions":646469,"latency_avg_ms":11.8761,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3246,"latency_p95_ms":19.8390,"latency_p99_ms":26.3540},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":19402.6333,"transactions":582079,"latency_avg_ms":13.1899,"latency_stddev_ms":7.6920,"latency_p95_ms":27.1570,"latency_p99_ms":46.8100},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":19625.5000,"transactions":588765,"latency_avg_ms":13.0413,"latency_stddev_ms":6.5017,"latency_p95_ms":28.3300,"latency_p99_ms":34.9340},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":19383.5667,"transactions":581507,"latency_avg_ms":13.2027,"latency_stddev_ms":6.8389,"latency_p95_ms":28.8460,"latency_p99_ms":35.7740},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":19949.5000,"transactions":598485,"latency_avg_ms":12.8207,"latency_stddev_ms":6.3904,"latency_p95_ms":27.9290,"latency_p99_ms":34.6120},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":19560.6333,"transactions":586819,"latency_avg_ms":13.0926,"latency_stddev_ms":6.6367,"latency_p95_ms":28.2290,"latency_p99_ms":35.3400},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":20065.0000,"transactions":601950,"latency_avg_ms":12.7521,"latency_stddev_ms":6.3809,"latency_p95_ms":27.8120,"latency_p99_ms":35.2110},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":19883.3333,"transactions":596500,"latency_avg_ms":12.8750,"latency_stddev_ms":6.4021,"latency_p95_ms":27.6420,"latency_p99_ms":34.3270},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":20773.3667,"transactions":623201,"latency_avg_ms":12.3188,"latency_stddev_ms":6.0048,"latency_p95_ms":22.8810,"latency_p99_ms":33.8490},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":20129.2333,"transactions":603877,"latency_avg_ms":12.7161,"latency_stddev_ms":6.5246,"latency_p95_ms":26.9820,"latency_p99_ms":34.5900},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":19736.2667,"transactions":592088,"latency_avg_ms":12.9660,"latency_stddev_ms":6.5126,"latency_p95_ms":27.9670,"latency_p99_ms":34.7000},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":19566.0333,"transactions":586981,"latency_avg_ms":13.0824,"latency_stddev_ms":6.7487,"latency_p95_ms":28.9220,"latency_p99_ms":36.5750},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":19942.4667,"transactions":598274,"latency_avg_ms":12.7841,"latency_stddev_ms":6.3715,"latency_p95_ms":27.8830,"latency_p99_ms":35.2070}]},{"run":2,"tps":20195.4433,"transactions":12117266,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":12.6643,"latency_stddev_ms":6.3150,"initial_connection_time_ms":407.948,"latency_p95_ms":27.0090,"latency_p99_ms":35.0590,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":19829.9667,"transactions":594899,"latency_avg_ms":12.6985,"latency_stddev_ms":6.2732,"latency_p95_ms":27.0700,"latency_p99_ms":33.5520},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":20157.2667,"transactions":604718,"latency_avg_ms":12.6972,"latency_stddev_ms":6.2915,"latency_p95_ms":27.8730,"latency_p99_ms":34.8690},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":19874.9333,"transactions":596248,"latency_avg_ms":12.8779,"latency_stddev_ms":6.4092,"latency_p95_ms":27.5220,"latency_p99_ms":34.8460},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":21195.4000,"transactions":635862,"latency_avg_ms":12.0750,"latency_stddev_ms":5.3562,"latency_p95_ms":22.4250,"latency_p99_ms":32.9850},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":19924.9000,"transactions":597747,"latency_avg_ms":12.8396,"latency_stddev_ms":7.3614,"latency_p95_ms":25.9960,"latency_p99_ms":43.4230},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":19770.4000,"transactions":593112,"latency_avg_ms":12.9497,"latency_stddev_ms":6.7153,"latency_p95_ms":28.5190,"latency_p99_ms":36.5480},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":20063.4333,"transactions":601903,"latency_avg_ms":12.7560,"latency_stddev_ms":6.3627,"latency_p95_ms":27.3060,"latency_p99_ms":35.3660},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":19708.9667,"transactions":591269,"latency_avg_ms":12.9820,"latency_stddev_ms":6.7516,"latency_p95_ms":28.2590,"latency_p99_ms":37.3700},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":20336.8333,"transactions":610105,"latency_avg_ms":12.5861,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1238,"latency_p95_ms":26.9460,"latency_p99_ms":33.7030},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":19969.7667,"transactions":599093,"latency_avg_ms":12.8181,"latency_stddev_ms":6.4350,"latency_p95_ms":27.6510,"latency_p99_ms":35.0580},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":20563.5667,"transactions":616907,"latency_avg_ms":12.4455,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9787,"latency_p95_ms":26.6500,"latency_p99_ms":33.8520},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":20149.5667,"transactions":604487,"latency_avg_ms":12.7015,"latency_stddev_ms":6.3069,"latency_p95_ms":27.0590,"latency_p99_ms":34.9440},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":21191.1000,"transactions":635733,"latency_avg_ms":12.0769,"latency_stddev_ms":5.6920,"latency_p95_ms":21.2180,"latency_p99_ms":34.9840},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":20523.0000,"transactions":615690,"latency_avg_ms":12.4699,"latency_stddev_ms":5.9745,"latency_p95_ms":26.4770,"latency_p99_ms":33.4770},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":19849.5000,"transactions":595485,"latency_avg_ms":12.8941,"latency_stddev_ms":6.4436,"latency_p95_ms":28.0480,"latency_p99_ms":35.0520},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":20047.2333,"transactions":601417,"latency_avg_ms":12.7660,"latency_stddev_ms":6.5325,"latency_p95_ms":28.2830,"latency_p99_ms":37.3960},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":20136.3667,"transactions":604091,"latency_avg_ms":12.7095,"latency_stddev_ms":6.3557,"latency_p95_ms":27.5070,"latency_p99_ms":35.4100},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":20038.2000,"transactions":601146,"latency_avg_ms":12.7735,"latency_stddev_ms":6.3243,"latency_p95_ms":27.6220,"latency_p99_ms":35.0910},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":20360.7667,"transactions":610823,"latency_avg_ms":12.5677,"latency_stddev_ms":6.0038,"latency_p95_ms":26.8110,"latency_p99_ms":33.8710},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":20176.5333,"transactions":605296,"latency_avg_ms":12.6866,"latency_stddev_ms":6.3772,"latency_p95_ms":27.2270,"latency_p99_ms":34.6160},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":41.1667,"transactions":1235,"latency_avg_ms":16.9729,"latency_stddev_ms":9.7221,"latency_p95_ms":32.9470,"latency_p99_ms":43.8390}]},{"run":3,"tps":20719.6683,"transactions":12431801,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":12.3441,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8593,"initial_connection_time_ms":401.735,"latency_p95_ms":25.3170,"latency_p99_ms":33.4910,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":21506.6000,"transactions":645198,"latency_avg_ms":11.7198,"latency_stddev_ms":4.9968,"latency_p95_ms":20.5960,"latency_p99_ms":30.5570},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":21171.5000,"transactions":635145,"latency_avg_ms":12.0888,"latency_stddev_ms":5.1421,"latency_p95_ms":21.8910,"latency_p99_ms":31.0040},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":20458.3333,"transactions":613750,"latency_avg_ms":12.5110,"latency_stddev_ms":6.1560,"latency_p95_ms":27.0010,"latency_p99_ms":33.9730},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":20201.5667,"transactions":606047,"latency_avg_ms":12.6681,"latency_stddev_ms":6.2469,"latency_p95_ms":27.2940,"latency_p99_ms":34.6420},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":20348.5333,"transactions":610456,"latency_avg_ms":12.5772,"latency_stddev_ms":6.2094,"latency_p95_ms":26.9780,"latency_p99_ms":34.1290},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":20490.0333,"transactions":614701,"latency_avg_ms":12.4886,"latency_stddev_ms":6.2387,"latency_p95_ms":26.6450,"latency_p99_ms":34.7470},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":20423.2667,"transactions":612698,"latency_avg_ms":12.5332,"latency_stddev_ms":6.3207,"latency_p95_ms":26.7110,"latency_p99_ms":34.9520},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":20927.8333,"transactions":627835,"latency_avg_ms":12.2292,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8895,"latency_p95_ms":25.9530,"latency_p99_ms":32.7450},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":20418.3333,"transactions":612550,"latency_avg_ms":12.5332,"latency_stddev_ms":6.2937,"latency_p95_ms":26.7070,"latency_p99_ms":34.5140},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":21620.6000,"transactions":648618,"latency_avg_ms":11.8377,"latency_stddev_ms":5.3113,"latency_p95_ms":22.4020,"latency_p99_ms":31.8190},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":22173.0333,"transactions":665191,"latency_avg_ms":11.5412,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3988,"latency_p95_ms":19.2670,"latency_p99_ms":26.1820},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":20144.4333,"transactions":604333,"latency_avg_ms":12.6995,"latency_stddev_ms":6.7029,"latency_p95_ms":27.0970,"latency_p99_ms":36.7100},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":20244.9000,"transactions":607347,"latency_avg_ms":12.6477,"latency_stddev_ms":6.0076,"latency_p95_ms":26.4400,"latency_p99_ms":34.4430},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":20251.7333,"transactions":607552,"latency_avg_ms":12.6373,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8598,"latency_p95_ms":25.8480,"latency_p99_ms":33.8860},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":20047.7333,"transactions":601432,"latency_avg_ms":12.7672,"latency_stddev_ms":6.2467,"latency_p95_ms":27.0900,"latency_p99_ms":35.0510},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":20504.3000,"transactions":615129,"latency_avg_ms":12.4806,"latency_stddev_ms":5.7889,"latency_p95_ms":25.9110,"latency_p99_ms":33.2270},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":20350.9667,"transactions":610529,"latency_avg_ms":12.5760,"latency_stddev_ms":6.0030,"latency_p95_ms":26.2830,"latency_p99_ms":33.6150},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":20859.1000,"transactions":625773,"latency_avg_ms":12.2697,"latency_stddev_ms":5.8246,"latency_p95_ms":25.7640,"latency_p99_ms":33.1910},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":20613.9333,"transactions":618418,"latency_avg_ms":12.4152,"latency_stddev_ms":6.0070,"latency_p95_ms":26.1490,"latency_p99_ms":33.6380},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":21602.1333,"transactions":648064,"latency_avg_ms":11.8472,"latency_stddev_ms":5.0471,"latency_p95_ms":21.8530,"latency_p99_ms":30.9950},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":34.5000,"transactions":1035,"latency_avg_ms":17.0682,"latency_stddev_ms":13.1687,"latency_p95_ms":54.4500,"latency_p99_ms":63.7050}]}],"source":"postgres_by_clickhouse/results/postgres_by_clickhouse_16cpu_64gb_34247_ha-2s-sync.json","ha_label":"HA – 2 standbys – sync"}
,{"system":"Postgres managed by Clickhouse","date":"2026-03-17","instance":{"type":"m8gd.4xlarge","vcpus":16,"ram_gb":64,"instance_storage":"950 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"NVMe"},"machine":"16vCPU, 64GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","postgres_version":"18.3 (Ubuntu 18.3-1.pgdg22.04+1)","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":6849,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared"},"load":{"load_time_seconds":511.450},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":27011.554552,"transactions":16190468,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":9.456,"latency_stddev_ms":1.312,"initial_connection_time_ms":657.228,"latency_p95_ms":11.199,"latency_p99_ms":12.829},{"run":2,"tps":28344.022766,"transactions":16989299,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":9.010,"latency_stddev_ms":1.028,"initial_connection_time_ms":652.632,"latency_p95_ms":10.352,"latency_p99_ms":11.763},{"run":3,"tps":28668.137398,"transactions":17183432,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":8.908,"latency_stddev_ms":1.036,"initial_connection_time_ms":656.129,"latency_p95_ms":10.231,"latency_p99_ms":11.683}],"source":"postgres_by_clickhouse/results/postgres_by_clickhouse_16cpu_64gb_6849.json","ha":{"label":"No HA","mode":"off","standbys":0,"live_settings":null},"ha_label":"No HA"}
,{"system":"Postgres managed by Clickhouse","date":"2026-07-02","instance":{"type":"m8gd.4xlarge","vcpus":16,"ram_gb":64,"instance_storage":"950 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"NVMe"},"machine":"16vCPU, 64GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","ha":{"label":"HA – 1 standby – async","mode":"async","standbys":1,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"on","synchronous_standby_names":null}},"postgres_version":"18.4 (Ubuntu 18.4-1.pgdg22.04+1)","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":6849,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":536.168},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":27070.3500,"transactions":16242210,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":9.4468,"latency_stddev_ms":4.0566,"initial_connection_time_ms":408.480,"latency_p95_ms":15.9930,"latency_p99_ms":22.6030,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":28476.4333,"transactions":854293,"latency_avg_ms":8.8208,"latency_stddev_ms":2.7109,"latency_p95_ms":13.0060,"latency_p99_ms":16.2720},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":28279.6667,"transactions":848390,"latency_avg_ms":9.0483,"latency_stddev_ms":3.8263,"latency_p95_ms":14.6060,"latency_p99_ms":20.9490},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":27463.3000,"transactions":823899,"latency_avg_ms":9.3179,"latency_stddev_ms":4.0974,"latency_p95_ms":16.5820,"latency_p99_ms":22.7830},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":26439.3333,"transactions":793180,"latency_avg_ms":9.6787,"latency_stddev_ms":4.1868,"latency_p95_ms":16.5110,"latency_p99_ms":23.7770},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":25272.9333,"transactions":758188,"latency_avg_ms":10.1246,"latency_stddev_ms":4.2180,"latency_p95_ms":17.9830,"latency_p99_ms":24.8810},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":26309.5000,"transactions":789285,"latency_avg_ms":9.7274,"latency_stddev_ms":3.7278,"latency_p95_ms":16.0180,"latency_p99_ms":22.8140},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":26082.3333,"transactions":782470,"latency_avg_ms":9.8116,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3778,"latency_p95_ms":17.6190,"latency_p99_ms":24.3240},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":27406.3667,"transactions":822191,"latency_avg_ms":9.3368,"latency_stddev_ms":3.5047,"latency_p95_ms":14.8240,"latency_p99_ms":21.2590},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":26603.2667,"transactions":798098,"latency_avg_ms":9.6189,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4563,"latency_p95_ms":17.3400,"latency_p99_ms":24.2770},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":27281.0667,"transactions":818432,"latency_avg_ms":9.3803,"latency_stddev_ms":6.9332,"latency_p95_ms":15.2970,"latency_p99_ms":21.9960},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":27366.0000,"transactions":820980,"latency_avg_ms":9.3503,"latency_stddev_ms":3.7584,"latency_p95_ms":16.1320,"latency_p99_ms":22.5310},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":27861.1667,"transactions":835835,"latency_avg_ms":9.1853,"latency_stddev_ms":3.8782,"latency_p95_ms":15.5330,"latency_p99_ms":22.0800},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":27735.0333,"transactions":832051,"latency_avg_ms":9.2254,"latency_stddev_ms":3.6295,"latency_p95_ms":15.7100,"latency_p99_ms":22.5260},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":26429.3000,"transactions":792879,"latency_avg_ms":9.6825,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3100,"latency_p95_ms":17.2710,"latency_p99_ms":23.7930},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":26883.5000,"transactions":806505,"latency_avg_ms":9.5196,"latency_stddev_ms":3.5792,"latency_p95_ms":15.3350,"latency_p99_ms":21.9390},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":26279.1667,"transactions":788375,"latency_avg_ms":9.7377,"latency_stddev_ms":3.9715,"latency_p95_ms":17.1980,"latency_p99_ms":23.4260},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":27475.3667,"transactions":824261,"latency_avg_ms":9.3137,"latency_stddev_ms":3.2818,"latency_p95_ms":14.3900,"latency_p99_ms":20.8260},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":26755.9667,"transactions":802679,"latency_avg_ms":9.5641,"latency_stddev_ms":3.8421,"latency_p95_ms":16.8040,"latency_p99_ms":23.1950},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":27853.5667,"transactions":835607,"latency_avg_ms":9.1875,"latency_stddev_ms":3.3573,"latency_p95_ms":14.3120,"latency_p99_ms":20.6250},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":27021.1000,"transactions":810633,"latency_avg_ms":9.4703,"latency_stddev_ms":3.8228,"latency_p95_ms":16.6620,"latency_p99_ms":22.8000},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":132.6333,"transactions":3979,"latency_avg_ms":9.9818,"latency_stddev_ms":5.0003,"latency_p95_ms":15.4050,"latency_p99_ms":38.5710}]},{"run":2,"tps":27564.8267,"transactions":16538896,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":9.2775,"latency_stddev_ms":3.4665,"initial_connection_time_ms":390.188,"latency_p95_ms":15.1750,"latency_p99_ms":21.3130,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":27650.4333,"transactions":829513,"latency_avg_ms":9.0375,"latency_stddev_ms":3.1414,"latency_p95_ms":13.9010,"latency_p99_ms":19.3610},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":28018.0667,"transactions":840542,"latency_avg_ms":9.1328,"latency_stddev_ms":3.3143,"latency_p95_ms":14.6030,"latency_p99_ms":20.5300},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":26982.9667,"transactions":809489,"latency_avg_ms":9.4833,"latency_stddev_ms":3.4105,"latency_p95_ms":15.4090,"latency_p99_ms":21.5090},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":26661.6667,"transactions":799850,"latency_avg_ms":9.5984,"latency_stddev_ms":3.9401,"latency_p95_ms":17.1120,"latency_p99_ms":23.3570},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":27311.3333,"transactions":819340,"latency_avg_ms":9.3694,"latency_stddev_ms":3.4269,"latency_p95_ms":15.1930,"latency_p99_ms":21.0920},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":27673.2000,"transactions":830196,"latency_avg_ms":9.2475,"latency_stddev_ms":3.3912,"latency_p95_ms":14.9190,"latency_p99_ms":21.3230},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":26813.2000,"transactions":804396,"latency_avg_ms":9.5434,"latency_stddev_ms":3.9188,"latency_p95_ms":17.0500,"latency_p99_ms":22.7060},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":27759.8667,"transactions":832796,"latency_avg_ms":9.2181,"latency_stddev_ms":3.3918,"latency_p95_ms":15.0820,"latency_p99_ms":21.3020},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":27933.9333,"transactions":838018,"latency_avg_ms":9.1606,"latency_stddev_ms":3.3767,"latency_p95_ms":14.9730,"latency_p99_ms":20.6640},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":28281.0333,"transactions":848431,"latency_avg_ms":9.0482,"latency_stddev_ms":3.3360,"latency_p95_ms":14.0280,"latency_p99_ms":19.8480},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":26652.8333,"transactions":799585,"latency_avg_ms":9.6014,"latency_stddev_ms":3.5184,"latency_p95_ms":15.8970,"latency_p99_ms":21.2970},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":28004.9000,"transactions":840147,"latency_avg_ms":9.1373,"latency_stddev_ms":3.4330,"latency_p95_ms":14.7920,"latency_p99_ms":21.2390},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":27605.7667,"transactions":828173,"latency_avg_ms":9.2693,"latency_stddev_ms":3.3816,"latency_p95_ms":14.8340,"latency_p99_ms":21.4080},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":27698.7000,"transactions":830961,"latency_avg_ms":9.2384,"latency_stddev_ms":3.3808,"latency_p95_ms":14.8840,"latency_p99_ms":20.8930},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":27557.4333,"transactions":826723,"latency_avg_ms":9.2860,"latency_stddev_ms":3.4548,"latency_p95_ms":15.0430,"latency_p99_ms":20.8940},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":27305.0000,"transactions":819150,"latency_avg_ms":9.3696,"latency_stddev_ms":3.7016,"latency_p95_ms":16.0890,"latency_p99_ms":21.7920},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":27559.8333,"transactions":826795,"latency_avg_ms":9.2867,"latency_stddev_ms":3.5276,"latency_p95_ms":15.4370,"latency_p99_ms":22.1490},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":28022.9000,"transactions":840687,"latency_avg_ms":9.1317,"latency_stddev_ms":3.4324,"latency_p95_ms":14.6700,"latency_p99_ms":20.8530},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":27829.2000,"transactions":834876,"latency_avg_ms":9.1951,"latency_stddev_ms":3.2836,"latency_p95_ms":14.5700,"latency_p99_ms":20.7120},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":27678.4333,"transactions":830353,"latency_avg_ms":9.2450,"latency_stddev_ms":3.4230,"latency_p95_ms":14.7950,"latency_p99_ms":21.3110},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":295.8333,"transactions":8875,"latency_avg_ms":9.5246,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3910,"latency_p95_ms":14.2170,"latency_p99_ms":32.3240}]},{"run":3,"tps":27858.1836,"transactions":16687052,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":9.1950,"latency_stddev_ms":3.5404,"initial_connection_time_ms":393.488,"latency_p95_ms":14.7660,"latency_p99_ms":21.0440,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":27178.6667,"transactions":815360,"latency_avg_ms":9.3624,"latency_stddev_ms":3.6630,"latency_p95_ms":15.1150,"latency_p99_ms":21.8300},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":26946.2000,"transactions":808386,"latency_avg_ms":9.4966,"latency_stddev_ms":3.4519,"latency_p95_ms":15.0260,"latency_p99_ms":21.9980},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":27336.5333,"transactions":820096,"latency_avg_ms":9.3607,"latency_stddev_ms":3.4682,"latency_p95_ms":15.2070,"latency_p99_ms":22.0070},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":27487.5667,"transactions":824627,"latency_avg_ms":9.3092,"latency_stddev_ms":3.4960,"latency_p95_ms":14.9120,"latency_p99_ms":21.7090},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":27673.3333,"transactions":830200,"latency_avg_ms":9.2471,"latency_stddev_ms":3.4221,"latency_p95_ms":14.5380,"latency_p99_ms":20.8660},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":27700.5000,"transactions":831015,"latency_avg_ms":9.2379,"latency_stddev_ms":3.3650,"latency_p95_ms":14.5620,"latency_p99_ms":21.3820},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":27104.3333,"transactions":813130,"latency_avg_ms":9.4413,"latency_stddev_ms":3.8649,"latency_p95_ms":16.5460,"latency_p99_ms":22.7290},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":28331.5333,"transactions":849946,"latency_avg_ms":9.0317,"latency_stddev_ms":3.3478,"latency_p95_ms":14.2940,"latency_p99_ms":20.4260},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":28624.0667,"transactions":858722,"latency_avg_ms":8.9401,"latency_stddev_ms":3.1523,"latency_p95_ms":14.0670,"latency_p99_ms":19.7840},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":28784.8000,"transactions":863544,"latency_avg_ms":8.8895,"latency_stddev_ms":2.6529,"latency_p95_ms":13.0950,"latency_p99_ms":16.5320},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":27943.3333,"transactions":838300,"latency_avg_ms":9.1574,"latency_stddev_ms":3.4148,"latency_p95_ms":14.8760,"latency_p99_ms":20.8240},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":27308.4667,"transactions":819254,"latency_avg_ms":9.3704,"latency_stddev_ms":3.7088,"latency_p95_ms":16.2500,"latency_p99_ms":22.2610},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":27875.4000,"transactions":836262,"latency_avg_ms":9.1799,"latency_stddev_ms":3.4487,"latency_p95_ms":15.0170,"latency_p99_ms":21.2210},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":27972.8667,"transactions":839186,"latency_avg_ms":9.1479,"latency_stddev_ms":3.2514,"latency_p95_ms":14.4560,"latency_p99_ms":20.4020},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":28006.8333,"transactions":840205,"latency_avg_ms":9.1365,"latency_stddev_ms":3.2798,"latency_p95_ms":14.7360,"latency_p99_ms":20.6690},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":27834.6333,"transactions":835039,"latency_avg_ms":9.1932,"latency_stddev_ms":5.5721,"latency_p95_ms":14.6840,"latency_p99_ms":21.0670},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":27951.3333,"transactions":838540,"latency_avg_ms":9.1548,"latency_stddev_ms":3.5782,"latency_p95_ms":15.4000,"latency_p99_ms":21.2150},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":27685.1333,"transactions":830554,"latency_avg_ms":9.2434,"latency_stddev_ms":3.5595,"latency_p95_ms":15.5280,"latency_p99_ms":21.7170},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":28166.5667,"transactions":844997,"latency_avg_ms":9.0849,"latency_stddev_ms":3.2468,"latency_p95_ms":14.3360,"latency_p99_ms":20.5470},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":28322.9667,"transactions":849689,"latency_avg_ms":8.9702,"latency_stddev_ms":3.0322,"latency_p95_ms":13.4320,"latency_p99_ms":18.2860}]}],"source":"postgres_by_clickhouse/results/postgres_by_clickhouse_16cpu_64gb_6849_ha-1s-async.json","ha_label":"HA – 1 standby – async"}
,{"system":"Postgres managed by Clickhouse","date":"2026-07-02","instance":{"type":"m8gd.4xlarge","vcpus":16,"ram_gb":64,"instance_storage":"950 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"NVMe"},"machine":"16vCPU, 64GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","ha":{"label":"HA – 2 standbys – sync","mode":"sync","standbys":2,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"on","synchronous_standby_names":"ANY 1 (pvc1wy09ak3p0k7xgcbht9z612,pv6swwm0wre61k7hmg233yk26r)"}},"postgres_version":"18.4 (Ubuntu 18.4-1.pgdg22.04+1)","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":6849,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":528.771},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":23005.4107,"transactions":13780241,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":11.1360,"latency_stddev_ms":5.1695,"initial_connection_time_ms":382.655,"latency_p95_ms":21.0810,"latency_p99_ms":29.8420,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":23758.7667,"transactions":712763,"latency_avg_ms":10.6761,"latency_stddev_ms":5.0716,"latency_p95_ms":17.9290,"latency_p99_ms":25.9760},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":23709.1667,"transactions":711275,"latency_avg_ms":10.7916,"latency_stddev_ms":4.8759,"latency_p95_ms":19.1480,"latency_p99_ms":26.4380},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":23293.5000,"transactions":698805,"latency_avg_ms":10.9897,"latency_stddev_ms":5.3741,"latency_p95_ms":21.3440,"latency_p99_ms":29.8070},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":23070.5000,"transactions":692115,"latency_avg_ms":11.0924,"latency_stddev_ms":5.3188,"latency_p95_ms":22.1280,"latency_p99_ms":29.5650},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":20924.5667,"transactions":627737,"latency_avg_ms":12.2293,"latency_stddev_ms":6.2607,"latency_p95_ms":26.6470,"latency_p99_ms":34.1340},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":21444.0667,"transactions":643322,"latency_avg_ms":11.9351,"latency_stddev_ms":6.0954,"latency_p95_ms":25.1750,"latency_p99_ms":33.1370},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":22417.1000,"transactions":672513,"latency_avg_ms":11.4170,"latency_stddev_ms":5.4548,"latency_p95_ms":23.3480,"latency_p99_ms":30.4730},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":22590.9333,"transactions":677728,"latency_avg_ms":11.3282,"latency_stddev_ms":5.4267,"latency_p95_ms":22.7780,"latency_p99_ms":31.2590},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":22541.1667,"transactions":676235,"latency_avg_ms":11.3534,"latency_stddev_ms":5.6857,"latency_p95_ms":23.5260,"latency_p99_ms":31.3700},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":23976.2667,"transactions":719288,"latency_avg_ms":10.6739,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4618,"latency_p95_ms":18.7700,"latency_p99_ms":27.1480},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":23698.5333,"transactions":710956,"latency_avg_ms":10.7987,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7031,"latency_p95_ms":19.4870,"latency_p99_ms":27.3090},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":24340.9333,"transactions":730228,"latency_avg_ms":10.5139,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3048,"latency_p95_ms":18.4110,"latency_p99_ms":25.6130},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":23718.6333,"transactions":711559,"latency_avg_ms":10.7904,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3318,"latency_p95_ms":18.4800,"latency_p99_ms":24.8620},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":23928.2000,"transactions":717846,"latency_avg_ms":10.6939,"latency_stddev_ms":4.2970,"latency_p95_ms":18.5650,"latency_p99_ms":25.3330},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":23057.8667,"transactions":691736,"latency_avg_ms":11.0994,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4712,"latency_p95_ms":19.3100,"latency_p99_ms":26.6350},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":22580.4000,"transactions":677412,"latency_avg_ms":11.3336,"latency_stddev_ms":5.1047,"latency_p95_ms":21.4310,"latency_p99_ms":29.8760},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":22273.9333,"transactions":668218,"latency_avg_ms":11.4889,"latency_stddev_ms":5.4061,"latency_p95_ms":23.0550,"latency_p99_ms":30.7540},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":22238.5000,"transactions":667155,"latency_avg_ms":11.5084,"latency_stddev_ms":5.6491,"latency_p95_ms":23.5730,"latency_p99_ms":31.7500},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":22817.0000,"transactions":684510,"latency_avg_ms":11.2156,"latency_stddev_ms":5.3561,"latency_p95_ms":22.3830,"latency_p99_ms":30.4680},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":22961.3333,"transactions":688840,"latency_avg_ms":11.1088,"latency_stddev_ms":5.1581,"latency_p95_ms":21.5040,"latency_p99_ms":30.0720}]},{"run":2,"tps":23930.6945,"transactions":14334486,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":10.7051,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4750,"initial_connection_time_ms":397.276,"latency_p95_ms":18.9130,"latency_p99_ms":26.3100,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":23992.6000,"transactions":719778,"latency_avg_ms":10.6217,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4386,"latency_p95_ms":18.6660,"latency_p99_ms":26.2670},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":24075.3000,"transactions":722259,"latency_avg_ms":10.6299,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3584,"latency_p95_ms":18.6590,"latency_p99_ms":25.7490},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":22974.2000,"transactions":689226,"latency_avg_ms":11.1400,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7636,"latency_p95_ms":20.0880,"latency_p99_ms":27.5880},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":23567.0000,"transactions":707010,"latency_avg_ms":10.8590,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4079,"latency_p95_ms":18.9040,"latency_p99_ms":26.3250},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":23483.1000,"transactions":704493,"latency_avg_ms":10.8979,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4573,"latency_p95_ms":19.1880,"latency_p99_ms":26.1910},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":24313.8000,"transactions":729414,"latency_avg_ms":10.5252,"latency_stddev_ms":4.2018,"latency_p95_ms":18.3100,"latency_p99_ms":25.1750},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":23764.6000,"transactions":712938,"latency_avg_ms":10.7690,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4795,"latency_p95_ms":18.9420,"latency_p99_ms":26.2230},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":23702.1667,"transactions":711065,"latency_avg_ms":10.7964,"latency_stddev_ms":4.6036,"latency_p95_ms":19.4110,"latency_p99_ms":26.6950},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":23730.9333,"transactions":711928,"latency_avg_ms":10.7851,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7616,"latency_p95_ms":19.7180,"latency_p99_ms":27.5010},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":24154.5000,"transactions":724635,"latency_avg_ms":10.5946,"latency_stddev_ms":4.6063,"latency_p95_ms":19.1310,"latency_p99_ms":26.5730},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":23513.8000,"transactions":705414,"latency_avg_ms":10.8841,"latency_stddev_ms":5.0894,"latency_p95_ms":19.9680,"latency_p99_ms":29.6820},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":24469.8333,"transactions":734095,"latency_avg_ms":10.4583,"latency_stddev_ms":4.0596,"latency_p95_ms":17.7490,"latency_p99_ms":23.9360},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":23567.4667,"transactions":707024,"latency_avg_ms":10.8586,"latency_stddev_ms":4.6629,"latency_p95_ms":19.2820,"latency_p99_ms":26.9050},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":23754.8667,"transactions":712646,"latency_avg_ms":10.7730,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5716,"latency_p95_ms":19.0030,"latency_p99_ms":26.1480},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":24095.3000,"transactions":722859,"latency_avg_ms":10.6214,"latency_stddev_ms":4.2995,"latency_p95_ms":18.4640,"latency_p99_ms":25.8270},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":24265.2667,"transactions":727958,"latency_avg_ms":10.5460,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3795,"latency_p95_ms":18.6590,"latency_p99_ms":26.0080},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":24070.2333,"transactions":722107,"latency_avg_ms":10.6321,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3185,"latency_p95_ms":18.6310,"latency_p99_ms":25.5520},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":23688.1000,"transactions":710643,"latency_avg_ms":10.8041,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5358,"latency_p95_ms":19.3150,"latency_p99_ms":26.7170},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":24299.8000,"transactions":728994,"latency_avg_ms":10.5314,"latency_stddev_ms":4.1812,"latency_p95_ms":18.2050,"latency_p99_ms":24.9550},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":24333.3333,"transactions":730000,"latency_avg_ms":10.4270,"latency_stddev_ms":4.1860,"latency_p95_ms":18.0510,"latency_p99_ms":25.1450}]},{"run":3,"tps":23869.7462,"transactions":14297978,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":10.7324,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3251,"initial_connection_time_ms":395.480,"latency_p95_ms":18.5860,"latency_p99_ms":25.3870,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":24695.7333,"transactions":740872,"latency_avg_ms":10.2485,"latency_stddev_ms":4.1857,"latency_p95_ms":17.8110,"latency_p99_ms":24.2010},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":23928.7000,"transactions":717861,"latency_avg_ms":10.6946,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5050,"latency_p95_ms":18.9640,"latency_p99_ms":26.2720},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":23878.8667,"transactions":716366,"latency_avg_ms":10.7172,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3971,"latency_p95_ms":18.8290,"latency_p99_ms":25.6650},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":23242.0333,"transactions":697261,"latency_avg_ms":11.0103,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4117,"latency_p95_ms":19.0040,"latency_p99_ms":25.6740},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":23221.1333,"transactions":696634,"latency_avg_ms":11.0206,"latency_stddev_ms":4.5359,"latency_p95_ms":19.3060,"latency_p99_ms":26.0850},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":23326.9333,"transactions":699808,"latency_avg_ms":10.9722,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3821,"latency_p95_ms":18.9820,"latency_p99_ms":25.7990},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":23686.2667,"transactions":710588,"latency_avg_ms":10.8037,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3849,"latency_p95_ms":18.7020,"latency_p99_ms":25.6020},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":23549.2000,"transactions":706476,"latency_avg_ms":10.8668,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3914,"latency_p95_ms":18.7790,"latency_p99_ms":25.6990},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":23143.7000,"transactions":694311,"latency_avg_ms":11.0588,"latency_stddev_ms":4.7077,"latency_p95_ms":19.6200,"latency_p99_ms":26.9090},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":23990.9333,"transactions":719728,"latency_avg_ms":10.6666,"latency_stddev_ms":3.9720,"latency_p95_ms":17.7770,"latency_p99_ms":23.4980},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":23580.6333,"transactions":707419,"latency_avg_ms":10.8520,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4233,"latency_p95_ms":18.9000,"latency_p99_ms":26.0660},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":23302.6000,"transactions":699078,"latency_avg_ms":10.9832,"latency_stddev_ms":4.4431,"latency_p95_ms":19.0470,"latency_p99_ms":25.9990},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":23619.5333,"transactions":708586,"latency_avg_ms":10.8354,"latency_stddev_ms":4.2605,"latency_p95_ms":18.6930,"latency_p99_ms":25.3360},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":23817.2333,"transactions":714517,"latency_avg_ms":10.7450,"latency_stddev_ms":4.2786,"latency_p95_ms":18.5690,"latency_p99_ms":25.2610},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":24249.3000,"transactions":727479,"latency_avg_ms":10.5531,"latency_stddev_ms":4.1676,"latency_p95_ms":17.9830,"latency_p99_ms":24.6870},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":24339.8333,"transactions":730195,"latency_avg_ms":10.5137,"latency_stddev_ms":4.1549,"latency_p95_ms":18.2160,"latency_p99_ms":24.7510},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":24410.5333,"transactions":732316,"latency_avg_ms":10.4843,"latency_stddev_ms":4.1208,"latency_p95_ms":18.0120,"latency_p99_ms":24.6290},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":24126.9000,"transactions":723807,"latency_avg_ms":10.6076,"latency_stddev_ms":4.3599,"latency_p95_ms":18.3880,"latency_p99_ms":25.4770},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":24196.4667,"transactions":725894,"latency_avg_ms":10.5756,"latency_stddev_ms":4.1377,"latency_p95_ms":17.9130,"latency_p99_ms":24.3940},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":24292.7333,"transactions":728782,"latency_avg_ms":10.5176,"latency_stddev_ms":4.1582,"latency_p95_ms":18.1340,"latency_p99_ms":24.7710}]}],"source":"postgres_by_clickhouse/results/postgres_by_clickhouse_16cpu_64gb_6849_ha-2s-sync.json","ha_label":"HA – 2 standbys – sync"}
,{"system":"Postgres managed by Clickhouse","date":"2026-03-17","instance":{"type":"m8gd.xlarge","vcpus":4,"ram_gb":16,"instance_storage":"237 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"NVMe"},"machine":"4vCPU, 16GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","postgres_version":"18.3 (Ubuntu 18.3-1.pgdg22.04+1)","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":6849,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared"},"load":{"load_time_seconds":1143.711},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":5915.168203,"transactions":3546286,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":43.265,"latency_stddev_ms":14.601,"initial_connection_time_ms":654.560,"latency_p95_ms":68.016,"latency_p99_ms":86.054},{"run":2,"tps":5951.950430,"transactions":3568401,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":42.996,"latency_stddev_ms":16.812,"initial_connection_time_ms":649.655,"latency_p95_ms":67.174,"latency_p99_ms":108.323},{"run":3,"tps":6171.527898,"transactions":3700002,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":41.466,"latency_stddev_ms":13.218,"initial_connection_time_ms":658.171,"latency_p95_ms":64.027,"latency_p99_ms":80.890}],"source":"postgres_by_clickhouse/results/postgres_by_clickhouse_4cpu_16gb_6849.json","ha":{"label":"No HA","mode":"off","standbys":0,"live_settings":null},"ha_label":"No HA"}
,{"system":"Postgres managed by Clickhouse","date":"2026-07-01","instance":{"type":"m8gd.xlarge","vcpus":4,"ram_gb":16,"instance_storage":"237 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"NVMe"},"machine":"4vCPU, 16GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","ha":{"label":"HA – 1 standby – async","mode":"async","standbys":1,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"on","synchronous_standby_names":null}},"postgres_version":"18.4 (Ubuntu 18.4-1.pgdg22.04+1)","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":6849,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":1241.201},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":4942.4383,"transactions":2965463,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":51.7631,"latency_stddev_ms":23.0869,"initial_connection_time_ms":406.548,"latency_p95_ms":87.2880,"latency_p99_ms":121.0110,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":5505.4333,"transactions":165163,"latency_avg_ms":45.5226,"latency_stddev_ms":15.1553,"latency_p95_ms":67.8170,"latency_p99_ms":90.9760},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":5706.4333,"transactions":171193,"latency_avg_ms":44.8602,"latency_stddev_ms":17.3583,"latency_p95_ms":74.2380,"latency_p99_ms":105.0290},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":5065.9333,"transactions":151978,"latency_avg_ms":50.4999,"latency_stddev_ms":21.0742,"latency_p95_ms":84.7900,"latency_p99_ms":114.4860},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":4991.7667,"transactions":149753,"latency_avg_ms":51.3016,"latency_stddev_ms":20.0482,"latency_p95_ms":86.7050,"latency_p99_ms":115.5540},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":4819.4333,"transactions":144583,"latency_avg_ms":53.1423,"latency_stddev_ms":23.8788,"latency_p95_ms":93.1360,"latency_p99_ms":126.6950},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":4837.9333,"transactions":145138,"latency_avg_ms":52.8752,"latency_stddev_ms":18.4801,"latency_p95_ms":85.3800,"latency_p99_ms":116.2850},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":4748.3333,"transactions":142450,"latency_avg_ms":53.9229,"latency_stddev_ms":37.8139,"latency_p95_ms":92.6630,"latency_p99_ms":130.6860},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":4792.3333,"transactions":143770,"latency_avg_ms":53.4284,"latency_stddev_ms":19.8256,"latency_p95_ms":89.5560,"latency_p99_ms":120.9680},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":4852.8333,"transactions":145585,"latency_avg_ms":52.6497,"latency_stddev_ms":26.7965,"latency_p95_ms":86.1470,"latency_p99_ms":119.1460},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":4784.8333,"transactions":143545,"latency_avg_ms":53.6018,"latency_stddev_ms":23.1211,"latency_p95_ms":92.7910,"latency_p99_ms":145.2500},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":4954.2000,"transactions":148626,"latency_avg_ms":51.6953,"latency_stddev_ms":19.8603,"latency_p95_ms":88.4560,"latency_p99_ms":126.6010},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":5029.4000,"transactions":150882,"latency_avg_ms":50.8765,"latency_stddev_ms":19.1968,"latency_p95_ms":84.2510,"latency_p99_ms":111.7380},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":4837.1000,"transactions":145113,"latency_avg_ms":52.9298,"latency_stddev_ms":23.6764,"latency_p95_ms":91.7710,"latency_p99_ms":123.9240},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":4631.7667,"transactions":138953,"latency_avg_ms":55.2108,"latency_stddev_ms":21.9982,"latency_p95_ms":93.0160,"latency_p99_ms":126.8810},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":4837.0000,"transactions":145110,"latency_avg_ms":52.9505,"latency_stddev_ms":26.5872,"latency_p95_ms":86.7140,"latency_p99_ms":118.1380},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":4759.6667,"transactions":142790,"latency_avg_ms":53.7909,"latency_stddev_ms":32.8698,"latency_p95_ms":90.8990,"latency_p99_ms":123.5800},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":4747.6333,"transactions":142429,"latency_avg_ms":53.9261,"latency_stddev_ms":23.0453,"latency_p95_ms":92.5740,"latency_p99_ms":131.6120},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":5058.8333,"transactions":151765,"latency_avg_ms":50.6127,"latency_stddev_ms":18.7705,"latency_p95_ms":86.4760,"latency_p99_ms":115.3120},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":5016.0000,"transactions":150480,"latency_avg_ms":51.0206,"latency_stddev_ms":18.9015,"latency_p95_ms":84.5170,"latency_p99_ms":116.1990},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":4831.8333,"transactions":144955,"latency_avg_ms":52.9912,"latency_stddev_ms":21.2807,"latency_p95_ms":90.8650,"latency_p99_ms":123.8800},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":40.0667,"transactions":1202,"latency_avg_ms":57.1912,"latency_stddev_ms":25.5962,"latency_p95_ms":105.8310,"latency_p99_ms":185.4910}]},{"run":2,"tps":5745.1567,"transactions":3447094,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":44.5291,"latency_stddev_ms":17.9426,"initial_connection_time_ms":417.680,"latency_p95_ms":75.7440,"latency_p99_ms":105.2360,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":4991.2333,"transactions":149737,"latency_avg_ms":50.6041,"latency_stddev_ms":20.3681,"latency_p95_ms":82.3500,"latency_p99_ms":115.4260},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":5259.0000,"transactions":157770,"latency_avg_ms":48.6670,"latency_stddev_ms":20.0741,"latency_p95_ms":85.3060,"latency_p99_ms":118.6580},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":5517.3333,"transactions":165520,"latency_avg_ms":46.3821,"latency_stddev_ms":20.3477,"latency_p95_ms":79.8300,"latency_p99_ms":112.7840},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":5435.3333,"transactions":163060,"latency_avg_ms":47.1059,"latency_stddev_ms":19.4975,"latency_p95_ms":81.0720,"latency_p99_ms":115.9420},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":5590.3000,"transactions":167709,"latency_avg_ms":45.7862,"latency_stddev_ms":15.5972,"latency_p95_ms":73.7080,"latency_p99_ms":100.4710},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":5723.5000,"transactions":171705,"latency_avg_ms":44.7359,"latency_stddev_ms":18.4009,"latency_p95_ms":79.6940,"latency_p99_ms":110.2100},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":6033.3333,"transactions":181000,"latency_avg_ms":42.4319,"latency_stddev_ms":15.2931,"latency_p95_ms":70.9580,"latency_p99_ms":95.2740},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":5808.7333,"transactions":174262,"latency_avg_ms":44.0634,"latency_stddev_ms":19.6254,"latency_p95_ms":77.6810,"latency_p99_ms":111.9970},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":5730.2333,"transactions":171907,"latency_avg_ms":44.6785,"latency_stddev_ms":18.5416,"latency_p95_ms":72.3720,"latency_p99_ms":97.5900},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":5958.2667,"transactions":178748,"latency_avg_ms":42.9108,"latency_stddev_ms":17.3869,"latency_p95_ms":75.1520,"latency_p99_ms":102.9860},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":5943.9667,"transactions":178319,"latency_avg_ms":43.1144,"latency_stddev_ms":17.8528,"latency_p95_ms":75.3650,"latency_p99_ms":105.8680},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":5748.7000,"transactions":172461,"latency_avg_ms":44.5249,"latency_stddev_ms":17.2864,"latency_p95_ms":76.4140,"latency_p99_ms":106.4570},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":6087.2000,"transactions":182616,"latency_avg_ms":42.0666,"latency_stddev_ms":15.3543,"latency_p95_ms":68.9760,"latency_p99_ms":98.5430},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":5831.1000,"transactions":174933,"latency_avg_ms":43.8793,"latency_stddev_ms":18.2784,"latency_p95_ms":73.9010,"latency_p99_ms":101.3710},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":5840.4000,"transactions":175212,"latency_avg_ms":43.8477,"latency_stddev_ms":16.4876,"latency_p95_ms":72.5040,"latency_p99_ms":98.3430},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":5940.9000,"transactions":178227,"latency_avg_ms":43.1009,"latency_stddev_ms":17.5988,"latency_p95_ms":75.1080,"latency_p99_ms":105.8760},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":5719.0667,"transactions":171572,"latency_avg_ms":44.7389,"latency_stddev_ms":17.0255,"latency_p95_ms":76.5860,"latency_p99_ms":103.1190},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":5878.5667,"transactions":176357,"latency_avg_ms":43.5379,"latency_stddev_ms":16.6376,"latency_p95_ms":73.2980,"latency_p99_ms":100.8630},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":6190.3000,"transactions":185709,"latency_avg_ms":41.3727,"latency_stddev_ms":17.4882,"latency_p95_ms":66.7540,"latency_p99_ms":94.0370},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":5673.3000,"transactions":170199,"latency_avg_ms":45.0945,"latency_stddev_ms":16.7069,"latency_p95_ms":76.2400,"latency_p99_ms":101.7780},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":2.3667,"transactions":71,"latency_avg_ms":154.7587,"latency_stddev_ms":33.0649,"latency_p95_ms":198.4650,"latency_p99_ms":217.7690}]},{"run":3,"tps":5766.0833,"transactions":3459650,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":44.3695,"latency_stddev_ms":16.4851,"initial_connection_time_ms":412.887,"latency_p95_ms":73.0120,"latency_p99_ms":100.7700,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":5935.5667,"transactions":178067,"latency_avg_ms":42.4626,"latency_stddev_ms":14.4711,"latency_p95_ms":66.0100,"latency_p99_ms":96.6240},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":5767.2000,"transactions":173016,"latency_avg_ms":44.3824,"latency_stddev_ms":17.4149,"latency_p95_ms":76.4070,"latency_p99_ms":101.9490},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":6069.2000,"transactions":182076,"latency_avg_ms":42.1712,"latency_stddev_ms":16.2487,"latency_p95_ms":68.0060,"latency_p99_ms":94.7790},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":5947.3333,"transactions":178420,"latency_avg_ms":43.0254,"latency_stddev_ms":15.8462,"latency_p95_ms":72.8310,"latency_p99_ms":96.6010},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":5705.9667,"transactions":171179,"latency_avg_ms":44.8954,"latency_stddev_ms":17.6954,"latency_p95_ms":77.0380,"latency_p99_ms":103.6360},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":5739.8333,"transactions":172195,"latency_avg_ms":44.6041,"latency_stddev_ms":16.3081,"latency_p95_ms":73.1500,"latency_p99_ms":99.5120},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":5613.7000,"transactions":168411,"latency_avg_ms":45.6022,"latency_stddev_ms":16.0279,"latency_p95_ms":73.2000,"latency_p99_ms":103.5720},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":5674.0667,"transactions":170222,"latency_avg_ms":45.1073,"latency_stddev_ms":17.7869,"latency_p95_ms":75.8320,"latency_p99_ms":102.4250},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":5420.7000,"transactions":162621,"latency_avg_ms":47.2008,"latency_stddev_ms":15.6273,"latency_p95_ms":73.3360,"latency_p99_ms":103.4920},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":5632.2333,"transactions":168967,"latency_avg_ms":45.4642,"latency_stddev_ms":17.7727,"latency_p95_ms":73.3880,"latency_p99_ms":107.0660},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":5516.6667,"transactions":165500,"latency_avg_ms":46.4119,"latency_stddev_ms":15.2283,"latency_p95_ms":72.5140,"latency_p99_ms":99.4420},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":5759.2333,"transactions":172777,"latency_avg_ms":44.4576,"latency_stddev_ms":20.5534,"latency_p95_ms":76.4930,"latency_p99_ms":108.2930},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":5749.6667,"transactions":172490,"latency_avg_ms":44.4938,"latency_stddev_ms":15.0411,"latency_p95_ms":70.7150,"latency_p99_ms":96.4770},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":5773.9667,"transactions":173219,"latency_avg_ms":44.3224,"latency_stddev_ms":16.1097,"latency_p95_ms":75.4530,"latency_p99_ms":100.3660},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":5750.6000,"transactions":172518,"latency_avg_ms":44.5236,"latency_stddev_ms":16.1893,"latency_p95_ms":72.0900,"latency_p99_ms":103.6410},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":5763.3000,"transactions":172899,"latency_avg_ms":44.4426,"latency_stddev_ms":16.1238,"latency_p95_ms":74.6610,"latency_p99_ms":101.5070},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":5670.2000,"transactions":170106,"latency_avg_ms":45.1350,"latency_stddev_ms":16.9630,"latency_p95_ms":76.4660,"latency_p99_ms":105.3910},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":6133.9333,"transactions":184018,"latency_avg_ms":41.7561,"latency_stddev_ms":13.6644,"latency_p95_ms":66.2400,"latency_p99_ms":90.3200},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":5861.0333,"transactions":175831,"latency_avg_ms":43.6740,"latency_stddev_ms":16.3558,"latency_p95_ms":71.8540,"latency_p99_ms":102.5010},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":5824.8333,"transactions":174745,"latency_avg_ms":43.9156,"latency_stddev_ms":15.9773,"latency_p95_ms":72.6500,"latency_p99_ms":98.9520},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":12.4333,"transactions":373,"latency_avg_ms":84.9083,"latency_stddev_ms":50.1381,"latency_p95_ms":186.5770,"latency_p99_ms":218.1770}]}],"source":"postgres_by_clickhouse/results/postgres_by_clickhouse_4cpu_16gb_6849_ha-1s-async.json","ha_label":"HA – 1 standby – async"}
,{"system":"Postgres managed by Clickhouse","date":"2026-07-01","instance":{"type":"m8gd.xlarge","vcpus":4,"ram_gb":16,"instance_storage":"237 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"NVMe"},"machine":"4vCPU, 16GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","ha":{"label":"HA – 2 standbys – sync","mode":"sync","standbys":2,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"on","synchronous_standby_names":"ANY 1 (pv6jyqvepfb61nvwbd1t76k1ej,pv328q8trss65m99qtg5e6w7wv)"}},"postgres_version":"18.4 (Ubuntu 18.4-1.pgdg22.04+1)","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":6849,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":1831.670},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":5216.4167,"transactions":3129850,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":49.0412,"latency_stddev_ms":21.6386,"initial_connection_time_ms":453.163,"latency_p95_ms":87.0860,"latency_p99_ms":131.2950,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":3356.4333,"transactions":100693,"latency_avg_ms":75.4082,"latency_stddev_ms":34.5527,"latency_p95_ms":153.8320,"latency_p99_ms":186.0990},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":4905.5667,"transactions":147167,"latency_avg_ms":52.2458,"latency_stddev_ms":20.0006,"latency_p95_ms":84.5920,"latency_p99_ms":117.5040},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":5383.7667,"transactions":161513,"latency_avg_ms":47.5325,"latency_stddev_ms":18.5567,"latency_p95_ms":81.2720,"latency_p99_ms":109.0810},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":5322.2667,"transactions":159668,"latency_avg_ms":48.1105,"latency_stddev_ms":22.1297,"latency_p95_ms":86.2180,"latency_p99_ms":128.4070},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":5351.4000,"transactions":160542,"latency_avg_ms":47.8126,"latency_stddev_ms":20.0367,"latency_p95_ms":83.8370,"latency_p99_ms":115.9020},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":5347.3667,"transactions":160421,"latency_avg_ms":47.9016,"latency_stddev_ms":20.0252,"latency_p95_ms":83.1550,"latency_p99_ms":120.1410},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":5297.6667,"transactions":158930,"latency_avg_ms":48.3134,"latency_stddev_ms":22.1611,"latency_p95_ms":86.1630,"latency_p99_ms":135.9390},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":5290.3000,"transactions":158709,"latency_avg_ms":48.4032,"latency_stddev_ms":23.1113,"latency_p95_ms":86.7960,"latency_p99_ms":139.5820},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":5229.7667,"transactions":156893,"latency_avg_ms":48.9189,"latency_stddev_ms":21.1901,"latency_p95_ms":86.1720,"latency_p99_ms":138.2270},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":5227.8000,"transactions":156834,"latency_avg_ms":48.9443,"latency_stddev_ms":21.8658,"latency_p95_ms":87.9950,"latency_p99_ms":131.8080},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":5360.7667,"transactions":160823,"latency_avg_ms":47.7885,"latency_stddev_ms":19.4584,"latency_p95_ms":84.6930,"latency_p99_ms":115.4840},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":5278.7000,"transactions":158361,"latency_avg_ms":48.4914,"latency_stddev_ms":20.3654,"latency_p95_ms":86.5140,"latency_p99_ms":124.4100},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":5335.6667,"transactions":160070,"latency_avg_ms":47.9620,"latency_stddev_ms":19.2047,"latency_p95_ms":82.8340,"latency_p99_ms":118.7820},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":5394.3000,"transactions":161829,"latency_avg_ms":47.4784,"latency_stddev_ms":20.2789,"latency_p95_ms":83.2050,"latency_p99_ms":128.4960},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":5474.5667,"transactions":164237,"latency_avg_ms":46.7532,"latency_stddev_ms":19.9749,"latency_p95_ms":81.7580,"latency_p99_ms":115.6400},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":5378.8667,"transactions":161366,"latency_avg_ms":47.6041,"latency_stddev_ms":19.0440,"latency_p95_ms":82.3750,"latency_p99_ms":118.3770},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":5342.9000,"transactions":160287,"latency_avg_ms":47.9100,"latency_stddev_ms":20.0915,"latency_p95_ms":84.6810,"latency_p99_ms":120.7080},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":5382.1667,"transactions":161465,"latency_avg_ms":47.5368,"latency_stddev_ms":19.7887,"latency_p95_ms":82.5950,"latency_p99_ms":121.9960},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":5372.0000,"transactions":161160,"latency_avg_ms":47.6802,"latency_stddev_ms":19.7265,"latency_p95_ms":82.5380,"latency_p99_ms":122.5700},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":5296.0000,"transactions":158880,"latency_avg_ms":48.1736,"latency_stddev_ms":21.4293,"latency_p95_ms":86.5580,"latency_p99_ms":129.8310},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":0.0667,"transactions":2,"latency_avg_ms":205.8660,"latency_stddev_ms":10.1390,"latency_p95_ms":216.0050,"latency_p99_ms":216.0050}]},{"run":2,"tps":5848.0534,"transactions":3502984,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":43.8146,"latency_stddev_ms":18.3821,"initial_connection_time_ms":484.561,"latency_p95_ms":76.9450,"latency_p99_ms":114.9270,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":5745.7667,"transactions":172373,"latency_avg_ms":44.4322,"latency_stddev_ms":17.5475,"latency_p95_ms":75.9990,"latency_p99_ms":110.7400},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":5806.1667,"transactions":174185,"latency_avg_ms":44.1035,"latency_stddev_ms":19.1513,"latency_p95_ms":78.0420,"latency_p99_ms":123.3610},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":5795.4000,"transactions":173862,"latency_avg_ms":44.1609,"latency_stddev_ms":19.6481,"latency_p95_ms":78.5720,"latency_p99_ms":114.9980},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":5913.8333,"transactions":177415,"latency_avg_ms":43.2861,"latency_stddev_ms":17.6008,"latency_p95_ms":74.7060,"latency_p99_ms":114.0090},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":5855.4667,"transactions":175664,"latency_avg_ms":43.7163,"latency_stddev_ms":19.1893,"latency_p95_ms":78.2090,"latency_p99_ms":120.1500},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":5864.0667,"transactions":175922,"latency_avg_ms":43.6534,"latency_stddev_ms":18.0441,"latency_p95_ms":76.3650,"latency_p99_ms":111.6160},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":5911.3333,"transactions":177340,"latency_avg_ms":43.3098,"latency_stddev_ms":18.7494,"latency_p95_ms":76.7660,"latency_p99_ms":112.4160},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":5908.8000,"transactions":177264,"latency_avg_ms":43.3043,"latency_stddev_ms":18.2174,"latency_p95_ms":77.0480,"latency_p99_ms":112.5070},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":5924.1333,"transactions":177724,"latency_avg_ms":43.2333,"latency_stddev_ms":17.0469,"latency_p95_ms":73.6940,"latency_p99_ms":106.6140},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":5891.4667,"transactions":176744,"latency_avg_ms":43.4464,"latency_stddev_ms":18.8153,"latency_p95_ms":77.1160,"latency_p99_ms":117.5580},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":5833.5667,"transactions":175007,"latency_avg_ms":43.8743,"latency_stddev_ms":18.5924,"latency_p95_ms":76.9700,"latency_p99_ms":119.2880},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":5750.3333,"transactions":172510,"latency_avg_ms":44.5296,"latency_stddev_ms":19.4930,"latency_p95_ms":81.9070,"latency_p99_ms":120.2640},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":5768.1333,"transactions":173044,"latency_avg_ms":44.3640,"latency_stddev_ms":18.4008,"latency_p95_ms":78.1630,"latency_p99_ms":114.2600},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":5867.8667,"transactions":176036,"latency_avg_ms":43.6300,"latency_stddev_ms":18.8423,"latency_p95_ms":76.0720,"latency_p99_ms":122.8900},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":5818.4333,"transactions":174553,"latency_avg_ms":43.9860,"latency_stddev_ms":18.2529,"latency_p95_ms":77.3630,"latency_p99_ms":113.5250},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":5882.5667,"transactions":176477,"latency_avg_ms":43.5260,"latency_stddev_ms":18.5452,"latency_p95_ms":76.8840,"latency_p99_ms":118.8300},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":5844.8333,"transactions":175345,"latency_avg_ms":43.7981,"latency_stddev_ms":17.9107,"latency_p95_ms":76.3470,"latency_p99_ms":115.9390},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":5972.8667,"transactions":179186,"latency_avg_ms":42.8643,"latency_stddev_ms":17.1278,"latency_p95_ms":73.9690,"latency_p99_ms":106.7580},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":5782.9333,"transactions":173488,"latency_avg_ms":44.2582,"latency_stddev_ms":17.5049,"latency_p95_ms":76.0670,"latency_p99_ms":106.2340},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":5628.1667,"transactions":168845,"latency_avg_ms":44.9488,"latency_stddev_ms":18.5965,"latency_p95_ms":78.9270,"latency_p99_ms":113.0250}]},{"run":3,"tps":5845.9616,"transactions":3501731,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":43.8341,"latency_stddev_ms":17.9585,"initial_connection_time_ms":451.752,"latency_p95_ms":76.6090,"latency_p99_ms":109.9770,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":5783.4000,"transactions":173502,"latency_avg_ms":44.0897,"latency_stddev_ms":18.5959,"latency_p95_ms":76.8310,"latency_p99_ms":109.6940},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":5767.5333,"transactions":173026,"latency_avg_ms":44.3453,"latency_stddev_ms":18.0916,"latency_p95_ms":76.6680,"latency_p99_ms":110.5060},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":5863.8000,"transactions":175914,"latency_avg_ms":43.6763,"latency_stddev_ms":17.6539,"latency_p95_ms":75.8550,"latency_p99_ms":115.9750},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":5651.7000,"transactions":169551,"latency_avg_ms":45.3009,"latency_stddev_ms":19.0603,"latency_p95_ms":79.7570,"latency_p99_ms":112.6880},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":5793.7000,"transactions":173811,"latency_avg_ms":44.1644,"latency_stddev_ms":18.8426,"latency_p95_ms":77.9410,"latency_p99_ms":122.1840},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":5873.8667,"transactions":176216,"latency_avg_ms":43.6002,"latency_stddev_ms":18.6521,"latency_p95_ms":76.7330,"latency_p99_ms":113.3710},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":5860.8667,"transactions":175826,"latency_avg_ms":43.6833,"latency_stddev_ms":18.0868,"latency_p95_ms":76.3300,"latency_p99_ms":112.0440},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":5730.6333,"transactions":171919,"latency_avg_ms":44.6062,"latency_stddev_ms":19.9444,"latency_p95_ms":82.0550,"latency_p99_ms":120.1160},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":5874.5667,"transactions":176237,"latency_avg_ms":43.6158,"latency_stddev_ms":18.2198,"latency_p95_ms":76.9710,"latency_p99_ms":115.1590},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":5805.9000,"transactions":174177,"latency_avg_ms":44.1170,"latency_stddev_ms":18.5404,"latency_p95_ms":78.5690,"latency_p99_ms":118.5560},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":5826.7000,"transactions":174801,"latency_avg_ms":43.9142,"latency_stddev_ms":17.6144,"latency_p95_ms":75.2670,"latency_p99_ms":113.9270},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":5750.9667,"transactions":172529,"latency_avg_ms":44.5081,"latency_stddev_ms":17.4971,"latency_p95_ms":77.5250,"latency_p99_ms":103.3000},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":5828.8000,"transactions":174864,"latency_avg_ms":43.9304,"latency_stddev_ms":18.6209,"latency_p95_ms":77.1870,"latency_p99_ms":110.8410},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":5974.8667,"transactions":179246,"latency_avg_ms":42.8486,"latency_stddev_ms":16.3133,"latency_p95_ms":73.4680,"latency_p99_ms":100.2400},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":5731.0333,"transactions":171931,"latency_avg_ms":44.6374,"latency_stddev_ms":17.8531,"latency_p95_ms":78.1050,"latency_p99_ms":106.7070},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":5906.4333,"transactions":177193,"latency_avg_ms":43.3673,"latency_stddev_ms":16.7209,"latency_p95_ms":74.2280,"latency_p99_ms":100.7250},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":5932.6667,"transactions":177980,"latency_avg_ms":43.1508,"latency_stddev_ms":17.2708,"latency_p95_ms":75.5800,"latency_p99_ms":102.4670},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":5864.4667,"transactions":175934,"latency_avg_ms":43.6406,"latency_stddev_ms":17.2530,"latency_p95_ms":75.4550,"latency_p99_ms":104.6870},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":6019.7667,"transactions":180593,"latency_avg_ms":42.5336,"latency_stddev_ms":16.5884,"latency_p95_ms":72.8990,"latency_p99_ms":102.2970},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":5882.7000,"transactions":176481,"latency_avg_ms":43.1407,"latency_stddev_ms":17.2704,"latency_p95_ms":74.5940,"latency_p99_ms":104.8940}]}],"source":"postgres_by_clickhouse/results/postgres_by_clickhouse_4cpu_16gb_6849_ha-2s-sync.json","ha_label":"HA – 2 standbys – sync"}
,{"system":"AWS RDS","date":"2026-07-09","instance":{"type":"db.m8gd.4xlarge","vcpus":16,"ram_gb":64,"instance_storage":"950 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"1000 GB - GP3 (16K IOPS)"},"machine":"16vCPU, 64GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","ha":{"label":"No HA","mode":"off","standbys":0,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"on","synchronous_standby_names":null}},"postgres_version":"18.3","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":34247,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":2737.823},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":5078.4090,"transactions":3041967,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":50.4522,"latency_stddev_ms":25.9879,"initial_connection_time_ms":425.480,"latency_p95_ms":90.4510,"latency_p99_ms":119.9950,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":8315.6000,"transactions":249468,"latency_avg_ms":30.4655,"latency_stddev_ms":8.6396,"latency_p95_ms":51.1730,"latency_p99_ms":58.5460},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":7352.4667,"transactions":220574,"latency_avg_ms":34.8080,"latency_stddev_ms":11.3825,"latency_p95_ms":56.1560,"latency_p99_ms":66.1240},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":7580.3333,"transactions":227410,"latency_avg_ms":33.7609,"latency_stddev_ms":11.8092,"latency_p95_ms":56.0040,"latency_p99_ms":70.6390},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":7532.7333,"transactions":225982,"latency_avg_ms":33.9659,"latency_stddev_ms":11.9622,"latency_p95_ms":55.2770,"latency_p99_ms":74.8040},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":7492.9667,"transactions":224789,"latency_avg_ms":34.1727,"latency_stddev_ms":12.7975,"latency_p95_ms":55.8560,"latency_p99_ms":74.4540},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":4156.2667,"transactions":124688,"latency_avg_ms":61.5220,"latency_stddev_ms":32.8825,"latency_p95_ms":101.1220,"latency_p99_ms":157.5710},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":3491.8000,"transactions":104754,"latency_avg_ms":73.3743,"latency_stddev_ms":38.8351,"latency_p95_ms":116.0370,"latency_p99_ms":174.6640},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":4080.5333,"transactions":122416,"latency_avg_ms":62.6841,"latency_stddev_ms":19.9012,"latency_p95_ms":96.4540,"latency_p99_ms":127.8890},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":4208.6000,"transactions":126258,"latency_avg_ms":60.8279,"latency_stddev_ms":23.3883,"latency_p95_ms":101.4580,"latency_p99_ms":129.8330},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":4260.5333,"transactions":127816,"latency_avg_ms":60.0347,"latency_stddev_ms":21.0180,"latency_p95_ms":94.1010,"latency_p99_ms":120.6650},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":3529.1333,"transactions":105874,"latency_avg_ms":72.5629,"latency_stddev_ms":19.3587,"latency_p95_ms":111.5450,"latency_p99_ms":134.2840},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":4150.2333,"transactions":124507,"latency_avg_ms":61.6718,"latency_stddev_ms":20.2821,"latency_p95_ms":99.7100,"latency_p99_ms":117.4220},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":5862.1000,"transactions":175863,"latency_avg_ms":43.6933,"latency_stddev_ms":17.9051,"latency_p95_ms":78.1460,"latency_p99_ms":97.0170},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":6433.9667,"transactions":193019,"latency_avg_ms":39.7412,"latency_stddev_ms":15.2715,"latency_p95_ms":68.0420,"latency_p99_ms":84.6250},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":3779.5000,"transactions":113385,"latency_avg_ms":67.7569,"latency_stddev_ms":44.9504,"latency_p95_ms":103.2020,"latency_p99_ms":148.0420},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":4111.3000,"transactions":123339,"latency_avg_ms":62.2696,"latency_stddev_ms":21.7729,"latency_p95_ms":99.5030,"latency_p99_ms":134.5470},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":3873.9667,"transactions":116219,"latency_avg_ms":66.0841,"latency_stddev_ms":21.4776,"latency_p95_ms":104.6440,"latency_p99_ms":134.8170},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":3690.1667,"transactions":110705,"latency_avg_ms":69.3716,"latency_stddev_ms":23.8793,"latency_p95_ms":114.3470,"latency_p99_ms":135.8590},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":3531.4667,"transactions":105944,"latency_avg_ms":72.4658,"latency_stddev_ms":21.5069,"latency_p95_ms":116.0780,"latency_p99_ms":134.9810},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":3965.2333,"transactions":118957,"latency_avg_ms":64.3983,"latency_stddev_ms":20.6511,"latency_p95_ms":102.4580,"latency_p99_ms":120.2180}]},{"run":2,"tps":4703.4474,"transactions":2817365,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":54.4711,"latency_stddev_ms":24.1305,"initial_connection_time_ms":433.428,"latency_p95_ms":91.7990,"latency_p99_ms":123.8030,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":7059.6667,"transactions":211790,"latency_avg_ms":35.7568,"latency_stddev_ms":13.8164,"latency_p95_ms":59.1230,"latency_p99_ms":73.7630},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":6042.6667,"transactions":181280,"latency_avg_ms":42.3387,"latency_stddev_ms":16.7944,"latency_p95_ms":72.8310,"latency_p99_ms":90.2610},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":4138.1000,"transactions":124143,"latency_avg_ms":61.8694,"latency_stddev_ms":32.8893,"latency_p95_ms":101.2640,"latency_p99_ms":134.7660},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":4288.8333,"transactions":128665,"latency_avg_ms":59.6768,"latency_stddev_ms":22.2874,"latency_p95_ms":90.2240,"latency_p99_ms":119.6740},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":3484.0000,"transactions":104520,"latency_avg_ms":73.4091,"latency_stddev_ms":20.6958,"latency_p95_ms":116.7500,"latency_p99_ms":135.1750},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":3538.7000,"transactions":106161,"latency_avg_ms":72.3711,"latency_stddev_ms":20.4911,"latency_p95_ms":114.4620,"latency_p99_ms":134.7830},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":3884.1667,"transactions":116525,"latency_avg_ms":65.9709,"latency_stddev_ms":23.5498,"latency_p95_ms":105.5550,"latency_p99_ms":134.3360},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":4809.2333,"transactions":144277,"latency_avg_ms":53.1375,"latency_stddev_ms":19.7617,"latency_p95_ms":87.3830,"latency_p99_ms":111.6570},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":5197.4667,"transactions":155924,"latency_avg_ms":49.2622,"latency_stddev_ms":20.1408,"latency_p95_ms":85.7280,"latency_p99_ms":105.7230},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":5733.6667,"transactions":172010,"latency_avg_ms":44.6688,"latency_stddev_ms":18.2849,"latency_p95_ms":78.0900,"latency_p99_ms":100.8680},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":4747.0333,"transactions":142411,"latency_avg_ms":53.9606,"latency_stddev_ms":18.8725,"latency_p95_ms":86.4520,"latency_p99_ms":107.7950},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":4982.9333,"transactions":149488,"latency_avg_ms":51.2902,"latency_stddev_ms":24.0845,"latency_p95_ms":90.6610,"latency_p99_ms":134.5630},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":3455.3000,"transactions":103659,"latency_avg_ms":74.0917,"latency_stddev_ms":20.5998,"latency_p95_ms":116.9350,"latency_p99_ms":135.5800},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":3385.6000,"transactions":101568,"latency_avg_ms":75.5995,"latency_stddev_ms":21.3647,"latency_p95_ms":119.2700,"latency_p99_ms":135.8980},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":3483.0667,"transactions":104492,"latency_avg_ms":73.5509,"latency_stddev_ms":23.0174,"latency_p95_ms":119.1770,"latency_p99_ms":135.6150},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":4961.0000,"transactions":148830,"latency_avg_ms":51.5848,"latency_stddev_ms":23.1504,"latency_p95_ms":90.7590,"latency_p99_ms":119.2790},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":4589.4667,"transactions":137684,"latency_avg_ms":55.7535,"latency_stddev_ms":23.0568,"latency_p95_ms":98.6100,"latency_p99_ms":119.5310},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":5178.5000,"transactions":155355,"latency_avg_ms":49.4740,"latency_stddev_ms":20.3403,"latency_p95_ms":85.7430,"latency_p99_ms":105.1770},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":5765.0000,"transactions":172950,"latency_avg_ms":44.3673,"latency_stddev_ms":18.1956,"latency_p95_ms":79.8950,"latency_p99_ms":98.8390},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":5187.7667,"transactions":155633,"latency_avg_ms":49.3119,"latency_stddev_ms":24.1797,"latency_p95_ms":86.7280,"latency_p99_ms":115.5170}]},{"run":3,"tps":4399.4733,"transactions":2639684,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":58.1417,"latency_stddev_ms":24.2903,"initial_connection_time_ms":411.982,"latency_p95_ms":100.3450,"latency_p99_ms":130.1540,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":4196.4000,"transactions":125892,"latency_avg_ms":59.1258,"latency_stddev_ms":26.6906,"latency_p95_ms":102.9000,"latency_p99_ms":131.2910},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":3538.0333,"transactions":106141,"latency_avg_ms":72.3517,"latency_stddev_ms":19.8397,"latency_p95_ms":113.8230,"latency_p99_ms":135.3900},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":3648.6333,"transactions":109459,"latency_avg_ms":70.1400,"latency_stddev_ms":22.5423,"latency_p95_ms":114.2710,"latency_p99_ms":135.9540},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":4107.1333,"transactions":123214,"latency_avg_ms":62.3496,"latency_stddev_ms":24.3393,"latency_p95_ms":104.8250,"latency_p99_ms":131.0430},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":4737.4667,"transactions":142124,"latency_avg_ms":53.9974,"latency_stddev_ms":21.6551,"latency_p95_ms":90.0320,"latency_p99_ms":116.1320},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":5142.0333,"transactions":154261,"latency_avg_ms":49.8133,"latency_stddev_ms":20.6630,"latency_p95_ms":86.5270,"latency_p99_ms":110.4860},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":5603.4667,"transactions":168104,"latency_avg_ms":45.6574,"latency_stddev_ms":18.9244,"latency_p95_ms":82.3690,"latency_p99_ms":102.7420},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":5202.2333,"transactions":156067,"latency_avg_ms":49.1761,"latency_stddev_ms":19.7442,"latency_p95_ms":85.9000,"latency_p99_ms":104.9170},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":4742.8667,"transactions":142286,"latency_avg_ms":53.9611,"latency_stddev_ms":29.0695,"latency_p95_ms":89.1760,"latency_p99_ms":119.8050},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":3423.3333,"transactions":102700,"latency_avg_ms":74.8083,"latency_stddev_ms":20.4689,"latency_p95_ms":117.7170,"latency_p99_ms":135.4280},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":3516.8667,"transactions":105506,"latency_avg_ms":72.7890,"latency_stddev_ms":19.7941,"latency_p95_ms":114.6730,"latency_p99_ms":134.9310},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":3594.7667,"transactions":107843,"latency_avg_ms":71.1191,"latency_stddev_ms":20.7036,"latency_p95_ms":112.0020,"latency_p99_ms":135.1290},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":4262.3333,"transactions":127870,"latency_avg_ms":60.1457,"latency_stddev_ms":22.8448,"latency_p95_ms":100.9200,"latency_p99_ms":120.9710},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":4811.6000,"transactions":144348,"latency_avg_ms":53.1128,"latency_stddev_ms":22.2502,"latency_p95_ms":90.4410,"latency_p99_ms":118.2480},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":5351.7667,"transactions":160553,"latency_avg_ms":47.8394,"latency_stddev_ms":19.7009,"latency_p95_ms":84.6220,"latency_p99_ms":104.0610},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":5860.0000,"transactions":175800,"latency_avg_ms":43.6301,"latency_stddev_ms":18.2172,"latency_p95_ms":77.8990,"latency_p99_ms":100.8190},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":4741.5000,"transactions":142245,"latency_avg_ms":54.0756,"latency_stddev_ms":19.8406,"latency_p95_ms":87.6600,"latency_p99_ms":113.8360},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":4571.7000,"transactions":137151,"latency_avg_ms":55.9926,"latency_stddev_ms":28.0088,"latency_p95_ms":103.6700,"latency_p99_ms":135.0870},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":3427.3667,"transactions":102821,"latency_avg_ms":74.6288,"latency_stddev_ms":20.8591,"latency_p95_ms":117.9850,"latency_p99_ms":135.6070},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":3444.8333,"transactions":103345,"latency_avg_ms":74.2880,"latency_stddev_ms":20.9498,"latency_p95_ms":117.6000,"latency_p99_ms":135.4830},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":65.1333,"transactions":1954,"latency_avg_ms":73.5847,"latency_stddev_ms":19.0452,"latency_p95_ms":114.4950,"latency_p99_ms":135.0920}]}],"source":"rds/results/rds_16cpu_64gb_34247.json","ha_label":"No HA"}
,{"system":"AWS RDS","date":"2026-07-02","instance":{"type":"db.m8gd.4xlarge","vcpus":16,"ram_gb":64,"instance_storage":"950 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"1000 GB - GP3 (16K IOPS)"},"machine":"16vCPU, 64GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","ha":{"label":"HA – 1 standby – sync","mode":"sync","standbys":1,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"on","synchronous_standby_names":null}},"postgres_version":"18.3","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":34247,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":4469.253},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":5109.2354,"transactions":3060432,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":50.1492,"latency_stddev_ms":44.9339,"initial_connection_time_ms":429.743,"latency_p95_ms":104.2230,"latency_p99_ms":249.8620,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":8371.7333,"transactions":251152,"latency_avg_ms":30.3907,"latency_stddev_ms":7.8764,"latency_p95_ms":45.2040,"latency_p99_ms":55.1330},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":7357.7000,"transactions":220731,"latency_avg_ms":34.7941,"latency_stddev_ms":9.4451,"latency_p95_ms":50.6770,"latency_p99_ms":59.6710},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":7568.1333,"transactions":227044,"latency_avg_ms":33.8368,"latency_stddev_ms":25.4209,"latency_p95_ms":50.7110,"latency_p99_ms":236.3560},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":7569.4333,"transactions":227083,"latency_avg_ms":33.7948,"latency_stddev_ms":26.6644,"latency_p95_ms":51.1150,"latency_p99_ms":236.2650},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":7388.9667,"transactions":221669,"latency_avg_ms":34.6572,"latency_stddev_ms":31.1655,"latency_p95_ms":53.2100,"latency_p99_ms":244.8410},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":2839.6667,"transactions":85190,"latency_avg_ms":89.8390,"latency_stddev_ms":99.1131,"latency_p95_ms":307.1110,"latency_p99_ms":435.3840},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":4275.0667,"transactions":128252,"latency_avg_ms":60.0557,"latency_stddev_ms":67.0724,"latency_p95_ms":178.9960,"latency_p99_ms":351.3310},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":4537.5333,"transactions":136126,"latency_avg_ms":56.3884,"latency_stddev_ms":30.1928,"latency_p95_ms":97.3030,"latency_p99_ms":191.3560},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":4549.9333,"transactions":136498,"latency_avg_ms":56.2369,"latency_stddev_ms":43.3802,"latency_p95_ms":172.8990,"latency_p99_ms":215.3630},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":3767.6000,"transactions":113028,"latency_avg_ms":67.9318,"latency_stddev_ms":49.6056,"latency_p95_ms":193.8670,"latency_p99_ms":222.8710},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":3523.0333,"transactions":105691,"latency_avg_ms":72.6974,"latency_stddev_ms":52.2068,"latency_p95_ms":194.2570,"latency_p99_ms":236.3470},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":5248.1333,"transactions":157444,"latency_avg_ms":48.7156,"latency_stddev_ms":32.9864,"latency_p95_ms":85.3980,"latency_p99_ms":203.6520},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":6235.2000,"transactions":187056,"latency_avg_ms":41.1012,"latency_stddev_ms":22.8315,"latency_p95_ms":61.5390,"latency_p99_ms":185.5300},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":4664.9667,"transactions":139949,"latency_avg_ms":54.5607,"latency_stddev_ms":67.3318,"latency_p95_ms":173.1060,"latency_p99_ms":387.9410},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":4303.9000,"transactions":129117,"latency_avg_ms":59.7945,"latency_stddev_ms":58.8687,"latency_p95_ms":185.5640,"latency_p99_ms":324.1500},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":3973.1000,"transactions":119193,"latency_avg_ms":64.4786,"latency_stddev_ms":41.0683,"latency_p95_ms":179.2020,"latency_p99_ms":211.8430},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":3460.3000,"transactions":103809,"latency_avg_ms":73.9476,"latency_stddev_ms":51.2633,"latency_p95_ms":197.3560,"latency_p99_ms":235.0780},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":3966.0333,"transactions":118981,"latency_avg_ms":64.4291,"latency_stddev_ms":44.1847,"latency_p95_ms":187.7000,"latency_p99_ms":217.6000},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":3876.1000,"transactions":116283,"latency_avg_ms":66.1403,"latency_stddev_ms":47.8901,"latency_p95_ms":191.6140,"latency_p99_ms":222.6460},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":4537.8667,"transactions":136136,"latency_avg_ms":56.0017,"latency_stddev_ms":37.6056,"latency_p95_ms":177.3860,"latency_p99_ms":205.6620}]},{"run":2,"tps":4649.9383,"transactions":2789963,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":55.0205,"latency_stddev_ms":45.0642,"initial_connection_time_ms":425.917,"latency_p95_ms":174.3500,"latency_p99_ms":227.4870,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":7154.6000,"transactions":214638,"latency_avg_ms":35.0506,"latency_stddev_ms":12.4697,"latency_p95_ms":54.8490,"latency_p99_ms":66.2750},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":5684.9333,"transactions":170548,"latency_avg_ms":44.8319,"latency_stddev_ms":32.4907,"latency_p95_ms":68.2750,"latency_p99_ms":216.9860},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":4037.9000,"transactions":121137,"latency_avg_ms":63.7080,"latency_stddev_ms":78.2317,"latency_p95_ms":214.8100,"latency_p99_ms":380.6400},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":3784.3000,"transactions":113529,"latency_avg_ms":67.6099,"latency_stddev_ms":42.6474,"latency_p95_ms":181.6520,"latency_p99_ms":215.4460},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":3129.3667,"transactions":93881,"latency_avg_ms":81.7302,"latency_stddev_ms":60.1795,"latency_p95_ms":197.9380,"latency_p99_ms":292.4560},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":3112.4667,"transactions":93374,"latency_avg_ms":82.3002,"latency_stddev_ms":55.2495,"latency_p95_ms":198.0310,"latency_p99_ms":246.8140},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":4605.3000,"transactions":138159,"latency_avg_ms":55.5807,"latency_stddev_ms":43.1613,"latency_p95_ms":179.0390,"latency_p99_ms":209.3290},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":4865.0000,"transactions":145950,"latency_avg_ms":52.6240,"latency_stddev_ms":33.3118,"latency_p95_ms":90.5220,"latency_p99_ms":199.4440},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":5432.2333,"transactions":162967,"latency_avg_ms":47.0908,"latency_stddev_ms":24.6544,"latency_p95_ms":76.9490,"latency_p99_ms":180.3890},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":5792.3000,"transactions":173769,"latency_avg_ms":44.1617,"latency_stddev_ms":26.1584,"latency_p95_ms":69.7590,"latency_p99_ms":185.9210},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":4793.9000,"transactions":143817,"latency_avg_ms":53.3811,"latency_stddev_ms":52.3541,"latency_p95_ms":176.6580,"latency_p99_ms":257.4740},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":3897.6333,"transactions":116929,"latency_avg_ms":65.5961,"latency_stddev_ms":58.8069,"latency_p95_ms":192.8910,"latency_p99_ms":272.8310},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":3317.7667,"transactions":99533,"latency_avg_ms":77.1592,"latency_stddev_ms":53.9143,"latency_p95_ms":194.3630,"latency_p99_ms":250.5460},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":3249.4667,"transactions":97484,"latency_avg_ms":78.7152,"latency_stddev_ms":57.1808,"latency_p95_ms":198.6800,"latency_p99_ms":292.0370},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":4381.5333,"transactions":131446,"latency_avg_ms":58.5907,"latency_stddev_ms":43.7616,"latency_p95_ms":181.9800,"latency_p99_ms":214.0500},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":5013.5000,"transactions":150405,"latency_avg_ms":51.0978,"latency_stddev_ms":32.7266,"latency_p95_ms":94.0760,"latency_p99_ms":196.4210},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":4803.8667,"transactions":144116,"latency_avg_ms":53.2631,"latency_stddev_ms":33.5002,"latency_p95_ms":90.9970,"latency_p99_ms":201.7060},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":5363.0000,"transactions":160890,"latency_avg_ms":47.7077,"latency_stddev_ms":28.2057,"latency_p95_ms":76.7660,"latency_p99_ms":194.9610},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":5969.1333,"transactions":179074,"latency_avg_ms":42.8565,"latency_stddev_ms":30.5259,"latency_p95_ms":67.0600,"latency_p99_ms":194.1640},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":4582.5333,"transactions":137476,"latency_avg_ms":55.8780,"latency_stddev_ms":60.7323,"latency_p95_ms":187.0200,"latency_p99_ms":329.8700},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":28.0333,"transactions":841,"latency_avg_ms":97.6045,"latency_stddev_ms":53.9793,"latency_p95_ms":182.7340,"latency_p99_ms":211.0640}]},{"run":3,"tps":4461.0850,"transactions":2676651,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":57.3515,"latency_stddev_ms":44.6687,"initial_connection_time_ms":402.355,"latency_p95_ms":181.9960,"latency_p99_ms":221.6870,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":4592.8333,"transactions":137785,"latency_avg_ms":54.2460,"latency_stddev_ms":35.8974,"latency_p95_ms":98.5460,"latency_p99_ms":199.3770},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":3517.7333,"transactions":105532,"latency_avg_ms":72.7726,"latency_stddev_ms":54.3401,"latency_p95_ms":195.5960,"latency_p99_ms":295.7810},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":4481.3333,"transactions":134440,"latency_avg_ms":57.1064,"latency_stddev_ms":44.3461,"latency_p95_ms":180.8720,"latency_p99_ms":213.4070},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":4960.1667,"transactions":148805,"latency_avg_ms":51.6044,"latency_stddev_ms":34.6583,"latency_p95_ms":101.5490,"latency_p99_ms":202.8190},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":5436.4333,"transactions":163093,"latency_avg_ms":47.0731,"latency_stddev_ms":31.8002,"latency_p95_ms":82.8780,"latency_p99_ms":198.7490},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":5583.9000,"transactions":167517,"latency_avg_ms":45.8559,"latency_stddev_ms":30.1505,"latency_p95_ms":78.2030,"latency_p99_ms":195.8340},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":5446.7000,"transactions":163401,"latency_avg_ms":46.9830,"latency_stddev_ms":35.8946,"latency_p95_ms":85.3700,"latency_p99_ms":205.1000},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":4912.8667,"transactions":147386,"latency_avg_ms":52.0928,"latency_stddev_ms":47.7750,"latency_p95_ms":158.1880,"latency_p99_ms":302.7350},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":3148.3000,"transactions":94449,"latency_avg_ms":81.1877,"latency_stddev_ms":54.8794,"latency_p95_ms":200.7370,"latency_p99_ms":244.7880},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":3011.8667,"transactions":90356,"latency_avg_ms":85.0739,"latency_stddev_ms":57.0794,"latency_p95_ms":199.2930,"latency_p99_ms":249.8880},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":3842.9333,"transactions":115288,"latency_avg_ms":66.6392,"latency_stddev_ms":50.3169,"latency_p95_ms":189.4930,"latency_p99_ms":244.9180},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":4679.0667,"transactions":140372,"latency_avg_ms":54.5836,"latency_stddev_ms":40.3532,"latency_p95_ms":174.5460,"latency_p99_ms":215.2990},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":5156.2000,"transactions":154686,"latency_avg_ms":49.7283,"latency_stddev_ms":32.9937,"latency_p95_ms":88.1930,"latency_p99_ms":201.0730},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":5042.9333,"transactions":151288,"latency_avg_ms":50.7916,"latency_stddev_ms":33.9396,"latency_p95_ms":87.1950,"latency_p99_ms":197.3110},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":5673.5000,"transactions":170205,"latency_avg_ms":45.1170,"latency_stddev_ms":27.6551,"latency_p95_ms":75.7420,"latency_p99_ms":196.3170},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":4636.2333,"transactions":139087,"latency_avg_ms":55.0343,"latency_stddev_ms":52.1476,"latency_p95_ms":182.1320,"latency_p99_ms":302.6700},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":4906.9333,"transactions":147208,"latency_avg_ms":52.2975,"latency_stddev_ms":48.0706,"latency_p95_ms":170.8930,"latency_p99_ms":281.3260},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":3029.9000,"transactions":90897,"latency_avg_ms":84.5532,"latency_stddev_ms":54.3855,"latency_p95_ms":196.8460,"latency_p99_ms":232.3550},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":3139.1000,"transactions":94173,"latency_avg_ms":81.5441,"latency_stddev_ms":56.4479,"latency_p95_ms":197.7400,"latency_p99_ms":262.6750},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":3970.1333,"transactions":119104,"latency_avg_ms":64.1233,"latency_stddev_ms":47.8058,"latency_p95_ms":190.5860,"latency_p99_ms":223.7180},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":52.6333,"transactions":1579,"latency_avg_ms":110.7828,"latency_stddev_ms":72.4306,"latency_p95_ms":234.6820,"latency_p99_ms":256.1490}]}],"source":"rds/results/rds_16cpu_64gb_34247_ha-1s-sync.json","ha_label":"HA – 1 standby – sync"}
,{"system":"AWS RDS","date":"2026-07-03","instance":{"type":"db.m8gd.4xlarge","vcpus":16,"ram_gb":64,"instance_storage":"950 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"1000 GB - GP3 (16K IOPS)"},"machine":"16vCPU, 64GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","ha":{"label":"HA – 2 standbys – sync","mode":"sync","standbys":2,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"on","synchronous_standby_names":"ANY 1 (\"rds_us_east_2_db_nebtg2t6jr4vqpozaf2kt7fzga\",\"rds_us_east_2_db_65fikw4vtgjkfhnnk4iyfpothe\",\"rds_us_east_2_db_6bl5dzi3h7yixumht33n4kcc3i\")"}},"postgres_version":"18.3","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":34247,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":3253.465},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":5668.5850,"transactions":3401151,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":45.1245,"latency_stddev_ms":135.9226,"initial_connection_time_ms":504.604,"latency_p95_ms":133.1060,"latency_p99_ms":537.0390,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":8583.1333,"transactions":257494,"latency_avg_ms":29.2558,"latency_stddev_ms":18.8341,"latency_p95_ms":64.2040,"latency_p99_ms":86.0360},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":9023.7333,"transactions":270712,"latency_avg_ms":28.3731,"latency_stddev_ms":26.0534,"latency_p95_ms":78.3090,"latency_p99_ms":113.6130},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":9061.5000,"transactions":271845,"latency_avg_ms":28.2467,"latency_stddev_ms":23.5935,"latency_p95_ms":73.0210,"latency_p99_ms":101.9270},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":9008.3000,"transactions":270249,"latency_avg_ms":28.4116,"latency_stddev_ms":24.3431,"latency_p95_ms":73.7340,"latency_p99_ms":105.8150},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":8870.7333,"transactions":266122,"latency_avg_ms":28.8536,"latency_stddev_ms":28.3464,"latency_p95_ms":84.8480,"latency_p99_ms":122.5440},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":7480.4000,"transactions":224412,"latency_avg_ms":34.1460,"latency_stddev_ms":41.6347,"latency_p95_ms":106.2100,"latency_p99_ms":217.1490},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":5028.6000,"transactions":150858,"latency_avg_ms":50.9898,"latency_stddev_ms":72.5390,"latency_p95_ms":208.6930,"latency_p99_ms":301.8840},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":3515.4333,"transactions":105463,"latency_avg_ms":72.5627,"latency_stddev_ms":128.3840,"latency_p95_ms":385.2910,"latency_p99_ms":571.1020},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":4078.4667,"transactions":122354,"latency_avg_ms":62.8474,"latency_stddev_ms":122.3772,"latency_p95_ms":325.3790,"latency_p99_ms":461.2700},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":5191.0667,"transactions":155732,"latency_avg_ms":49.3779,"latency_stddev_ms":126.2736,"latency_p95_ms":241.8000,"latency_p99_ms":499.5600},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":4259.1000,"transactions":127773,"latency_avg_ms":60.0743,"latency_stddev_ms":382.0503,"latency_p95_ms":191.9120,"latency_p99_ms":480.1960},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":5325.5333,"transactions":159766,"latency_avg_ms":48.0078,"latency_stddev_ms":134.7316,"latency_p95_ms":231.8640,"latency_p99_ms":435.3550},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":3196.8667,"transactions":95906,"latency_avg_ms":80.1826,"latency_stddev_ms":346.2985,"latency_p95_ms":312.7430,"latency_p99_ms":1318.7570},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":4156.2333,"transactions":124687,"latency_avg_ms":61.4009,"latency_stddev_ms":165.1487,"latency_p95_ms":393.0950,"latency_p99_ms":858.5930},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":4421.5667,"transactions":132647,"latency_avg_ms":57.7227,"latency_stddev_ms":144.8916,"latency_p95_ms":345.3470,"latency_p99_ms":747.2270},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":4508.7333,"transactions":135262,"latency_avg_ms":57.1059,"latency_stddev_ms":111.1765,"latency_p95_ms":346.3300,"latency_p99_ms":532.6770},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":4517.5000,"transactions":135525,"latency_avg_ms":56.3555,"latency_stddev_ms":149.0232,"latency_p95_ms":297.6720,"latency_p99_ms":808.8210},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":4442.9000,"transactions":133287,"latency_avg_ms":57.8446,"latency_stddev_ms":162.0675,"latency_p95_ms":241.6580,"latency_p99_ms":854.6410},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":4323.7000,"transactions":129711,"latency_avg_ms":59.1188,"latency_stddev_ms":154.0390,"latency_p95_ms":293.3880,"latency_p99_ms":832.0790},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":4363.6333,"transactions":130909,"latency_avg_ms":58.7648,"latency_stddev_ms":162.2741,"latency_p95_ms":311.5310,"latency_p99_ms":851.3750},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":14.5667,"transactions":437,"latency_avg_ms":130.4333,"latency_stddev_ms":237.4332,"latency_p95_ms":803.7220,"latency_p99_ms":1138.8080}]},{"run":2,"tps":4632.8167,"transactions":2779690,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":55.2197,"latency_stddev_ms":150.3067,"initial_connection_time_ms":533.894,"latency_p95_ms":233.0060,"latency_p99_ms":811.0160,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":8350.6000,"transactions":250518,"latency_avg_ms":30.0795,"latency_stddev_ms":30.5561,"latency_p95_ms":90.1480,"latency_p99_ms":134.3900},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":6220.4333,"transactions":186613,"latency_avg_ms":40.8385,"latency_stddev_ms":90.3077,"latency_p95_ms":105.1610,"latency_p99_ms":527.2790},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":4200.2000,"transactions":126006,"latency_avg_ms":60.7452,"latency_stddev_ms":165.5183,"latency_p95_ms":379.6410,"latency_p99_ms":880.4060},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":4129.0667,"transactions":123872,"latency_avg_ms":62.0193,"latency_stddev_ms":183.1619,"latency_p95_ms":304.1290,"latency_p99_ms":972.5770},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":4304.2333,"transactions":129127,"latency_avg_ms":59.1313,"latency_stddev_ms":171.3689,"latency_p95_ms":297.3430,"latency_p99_ms":911.5820},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":4329.2667,"transactions":129878,"latency_avg_ms":59.2592,"latency_stddev_ms":165.8256,"latency_p95_ms":322.0210,"latency_p99_ms":864.9650},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":4317.5333,"transactions":129526,"latency_avg_ms":59.9930,"latency_stddev_ms":154.7359,"latency_p95_ms":372.2060,"latency_p99_ms":828.4820},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":4444.6333,"transactions":133339,"latency_avg_ms":57.1016,"latency_stddev_ms":142.1768,"latency_p95_ms":359.6930,"latency_p99_ms":733.1850},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":4389.2333,"transactions":131677,"latency_avg_ms":58.6374,"latency_stddev_ms":146.0242,"latency_p95_ms":353.1560,"latency_p99_ms":763.5630},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":4322.1000,"transactions":129663,"latency_avg_ms":59.5433,"latency_stddev_ms":153.5559,"latency_p95_ms":372.9320,"latency_p99_ms":809.5800},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":4583.4000,"transactions":137502,"latency_avg_ms":55.3733,"latency_stddev_ms":155.6343,"latency_p95_ms":267.1090,"latency_p99_ms":842.8620},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":4258.1333,"transactions":127744,"latency_avg_ms":59.8017,"latency_stddev_ms":178.7784,"latency_p95_ms":306.5460,"latency_p99_ms":933.7710},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":4227.0667,"transactions":126812,"latency_avg_ms":61.1628,"latency_stddev_ms":178.0312,"latency_p95_ms":341.3140,"latency_p99_ms":919.8470},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":4285.3000,"transactions":128559,"latency_avg_ms":59.4455,"latency_stddev_ms":168.3372,"latency_p95_ms":337.0340,"latency_p99_ms":896.0960},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":4483.1667,"transactions":134495,"latency_avg_ms":57.5538,"latency_stddev_ms":154.1020,"latency_p95_ms":336.8110,"latency_p99_ms":799.4490},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":4465.7000,"transactions":133971,"latency_avg_ms":57.2586,"latency_stddev_ms":144.0246,"latency_p95_ms":334.5370,"latency_p99_ms":766.1020},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":4384.1000,"transactions":131523,"latency_avg_ms":58.3218,"latency_stddev_ms":152.3272,"latency_p95_ms":306.1890,"latency_p99_ms":817.5340},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":4231.6333,"transactions":126949,"latency_avg_ms":60.4229,"latency_stddev_ms":170.9131,"latency_p95_ms":339.7250,"latency_p99_ms":894.6630},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":4356.6667,"transactions":130700,"latency_avg_ms":58.7968,"latency_stddev_ms":156.4342,"latency_p95_ms":288.6250,"latency_p99_ms":832.5840},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":4365.7000,"transactions":130971,"latency_avg_ms":58.1977,"latency_stddev_ms":153.3626,"latency_p95_ms":313.3240,"latency_p99_ms":814.3750},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":8.1667,"transactions":245,"latency_avg_ms":533.8700,"latency_stddev_ms":349.9450,"latency_p95_ms":1182.7500,"latency_p99_ms":1270.6390}]},{"run":3,"tps":4658.5433,"transactions":2795126,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":54.9245,"latency_stddev_ms":150.8198,"initial_connection_time_ms":514.790,"latency_p95_ms":231.4970,"latency_p99_ms":816.6250,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":8251.5000,"transactions":247545,"latency_avg_ms":30.2089,"latency_stddev_ms":31.5661,"latency_p95_ms":91.5980,"latency_p99_ms":140.5700},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":5231.2000,"transactions":156936,"latency_avg_ms":48.9172,"latency_stddev_ms":124.5995,"latency_p95_ms":129.9650,"latency_p99_ms":707.9610},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":4484.0000,"transactions":134520,"latency_avg_ms":56.6594,"latency_stddev_ms":148.7444,"latency_p95_ms":268.0330,"latency_p99_ms":797.3380},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":4247.7333,"transactions":127432,"latency_avg_ms":60.2537,"latency_stddev_ms":158.0060,"latency_p95_ms":367.8060,"latency_p99_ms":819.7550},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":4206.0333,"transactions":126181,"latency_avg_ms":61.3470,"latency_stddev_ms":175.7179,"latency_p95_ms":368.4770,"latency_p99_ms":893.4200},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":4471.4667,"transactions":134144,"latency_avg_ms":56.6466,"latency_stddev_ms":161.3288,"latency_p95_ms":300.8240,"latency_p99_ms":859.0800},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":4425.7667,"transactions":132773,"latency_avg_ms":57.9155,"latency_stddev_ms":154.1396,"latency_p95_ms":355.7860,"latency_p99_ms":821.4070},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":4391.7667,"transactions":131753,"latency_avg_ms":58.1363,"latency_stddev_ms":159.8572,"latency_p95_ms":350.7340,"latency_p99_ms":850.0160},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":4542.5333,"transactions":136276,"latency_avg_ms":56.2793,"latency_stddev_ms":152.4518,"latency_p95_ms":311.4670,"latency_p99_ms":828.1400},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":4577.4000,"transactions":137322,"latency_avg_ms":56.4905,"latency_stddev_ms":148.2765,"latency_p95_ms":333.4240,"latency_p99_ms":789.7530},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":4542.7333,"transactions":136282,"latency_avg_ms":55.8956,"latency_stddev_ms":153.0026,"latency_p95_ms":309.1710,"latency_p99_ms":819.3430},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":4356.4000,"transactions":130692,"latency_avg_ms":59.2784,"latency_stddev_ms":175.8736,"latency_p95_ms":328.0070,"latency_p99_ms":918.5570},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":4511.7000,"transactions":135351,"latency_avg_ms":56.4042,"latency_stddev_ms":150.8517,"latency_p95_ms":315.3340,"latency_p99_ms":823.4840},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":4425.4333,"transactions":132763,"latency_avg_ms":57.6389,"latency_stddev_ms":156.8568,"latency_p95_ms":352.5550,"latency_p99_ms":831.6180},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":4252.2333,"transactions":127567,"latency_avg_ms":60.7137,"latency_stddev_ms":180.4941,"latency_p95_ms":339.6090,"latency_p99_ms":944.0110},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":4281.3333,"transactions":128440,"latency_avg_ms":59.3851,"latency_stddev_ms":167.3158,"latency_p95_ms":346.2310,"latency_p99_ms":869.2220},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":4571.1333,"transactions":137134,"latency_avg_ms":56.5491,"latency_stddev_ms":157.9007,"latency_p95_ms":282.7440,"latency_p99_ms":841.9630},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":4517.1333,"transactions":135514,"latency_avg_ms":56.1662,"latency_stddev_ms":149.0285,"latency_p95_ms":249.4700,"latency_p99_ms":820.5580},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":4430.2333,"transactions":132907,"latency_avg_ms":57.9380,"latency_stddev_ms":157.3996,"latency_p95_ms":301.5450,"latency_p99_ms":848.3540},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":4427.1333,"transactions":132814,"latency_avg_ms":57.9411,"latency_stddev_ms":157.9156,"latency_p95_ms":272.1060,"latency_p99_ms":840.8020},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":26.0000,"transactions":780,"latency_avg_ms":210.7415,"latency_stddev_ms":313.8300,"latency_p95_ms":823.4880,"latency_p99_ms":1305.2830}]}],"source":"rds/results/rds_16cpu_64gb_34247_ha-2s-sync.json","ha_label":"HA – 2 standbys – sync"}
,{"system":"AWS RDS","date":"2026-07-09","instance":{"type":"db.m8gd.4xlarge","vcpus":16,"ram_gb":64,"instance_storage":"950 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"1000 GB - GP3 (16K IOPS)"},"machine":"16vCPU, 64GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","ha":{"label":"No HA","mode":"off","standbys":0,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"on","synchronous_standby_names":null}},"postgres_version":"18.3","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":6849,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":525.945},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":8065.5367,"transactions":4839322,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":31.7082,"latency_stddev_ms":22.4820,"initial_connection_time_ms":416.403,"latency_p95_ms":73.4290,"latency_p99_ms":93.8170,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":16957.4000,"transactions":508722,"latency_avg_ms":14.7059,"latency_stddev_ms":4.9699,"latency_p95_ms":22.5440,"latency_p99_ms":31.4920},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":17689.9667,"transactions":530699,"latency_avg_ms":14.4614,"latency_stddev_ms":3.2333,"latency_p95_ms":19.7370,"latency_p99_ms":27.1990},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":8585.1667,"transactions":257555,"latency_avg_ms":29.7986,"latency_stddev_ms":20.5775,"latency_p95_ms":61.4120,"latency_p99_ms":81.8450},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":4912.3333,"transactions":147370,"latency_avg_ms":52.0951,"latency_stddev_ms":23.5529,"latency_p95_ms":90.0760,"latency_p99_ms":114.3770},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":6209.8333,"transactions":186295,"latency_avg_ms":41.2085,"latency_stddev_ms":23.8537,"latency_p95_ms":77.2650,"latency_p99_ms":101.1020},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":10063.8667,"transactions":301916,"latency_avg_ms":25.4324,"latency_stddev_ms":16.6151,"latency_p95_ms":55.7200,"latency_p99_ms":73.8850},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":10229.1333,"transactions":306874,"latency_avg_ms":25.0005,"latency_stddev_ms":15.7430,"latency_p95_ms":53.3090,"latency_p99_ms":67.3510},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":5890.3667,"transactions":176711,"latency_avg_ms":43.4693,"latency_stddev_ms":21.7086,"latency_p95_ms":74.6120,"latency_p99_ms":97.1270},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":8236.5333,"transactions":247096,"latency_avg_ms":31.0700,"latency_stddev_ms":24.7715,"latency_p95_ms":73.5890,"latency_p99_ms":96.6150},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":4164.3667,"transactions":124931,"latency_avg_ms":61.4988,"latency_stddev_ms":18.8229,"latency_p95_ms":90.5620,"latency_p99_ms":119.0200},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":7159.3333,"transactions":214780,"latency_avg_ms":35.7443,"latency_stddev_ms":23.5248,"latency_p95_ms":74.6740,"latency_p99_ms":97.6670},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":7048.9000,"transactions":211467,"latency_avg_ms":36.2861,"latency_stddev_ms":20.1849,"latency_p95_ms":67.0400,"latency_p99_ms":83.2860},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":8247.8333,"transactions":247435,"latency_avg_ms":31.0290,"latency_stddev_ms":19.5337,"latency_p95_ms":65.8360,"latency_p99_ms":85.8350},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":8620.3000,"transactions":258609,"latency_avg_ms":29.7030,"latency_stddev_ms":17.3830,"latency_p95_ms":60.3380,"latency_p99_ms":81.1650},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":5695.3000,"transactions":170859,"latency_avg_ms":44.9059,"latency_stddev_ms":22.5250,"latency_p95_ms":84.2700,"latency_p99_ms":103.5110},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":6932.2333,"transactions":207967,"latency_avg_ms":36.9311,"latency_stddev_ms":28.6706,"latency_p95_ms":89.1700,"latency_p99_ms":116.0370},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":4234.1333,"transactions":127024,"latency_avg_ms":60.3605,"latency_stddev_ms":23.3918,"latency_p95_ms":96.9440,"latency_p99_ms":133.8970},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":5497.2000,"transactions":164916,"latency_avg_ms":46.5830,"latency_stddev_ms":23.0970,"latency_p95_ms":88.9260,"latency_p99_ms":112.5390},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":6793.8000,"transactions":203814,"latency_avg_ms":37.7012,"latency_stddev_ms":20.6777,"latency_p95_ms":73.4370,"latency_p99_ms":96.2230},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":8038.5667,"transactions":241157,"latency_avg_ms":31.8535,"latency_stddev_ms":17.5750,"latency_p95_ms":63.7000,"latency_p99_ms":83.4640},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":104.1667,"transactions":3125,"latency_avg_ms":29.2196,"latency_stddev_ms":12.4983,"latency_p95_ms":51.5900,"latency_p99_ms":57.9800}]},{"run":2,"tps":7212.2133,"transactions":4327328,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":35.4634,"latency_stddev_ms":22.8631,"initial_connection_time_ms":415.105,"latency_p95_ms":74.6330,"latency_p99_ms":95.3910,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":10132.0333,"transactions":303961,"latency_avg_ms":24.9232,"latency_stddev_ms":14.3231,"latency_p95_ms":53.1730,"latency_p99_ms":66.6920},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":6482.2667,"transactions":194468,"latency_avg_ms":39.4861,"latency_stddev_ms":20.9189,"latency_p95_ms":72.9650,"latency_p99_ms":90.1620},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":6915.2667,"transactions":207458,"latency_avg_ms":37.0276,"latency_stddev_ms":25.9392,"latency_p95_ms":77.8490,"latency_p99_ms":104.2210},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":5923.5667,"transactions":177707,"latency_avg_ms":43.1667,"latency_stddev_ms":28.3309,"latency_p95_ms":90.0970,"latency_p99_ms":119.2170},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":5225.4333,"transactions":156763,"latency_avg_ms":49.0389,"latency_stddev_ms":25.8914,"latency_p95_ms":90.2540,"latency_p99_ms":118.1140},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":6785.9333,"transactions":203578,"latency_avg_ms":37.6773,"latency_stddev_ms":21.9894,"latency_p95_ms":75.1170,"latency_p99_ms":98.1370},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":8415.8667,"transactions":252476,"latency_avg_ms":30.4324,"latency_stddev_ms":18.9553,"latency_p95_ms":66.2220,"latency_p99_ms":82.4120},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":8646.3667,"transactions":259391,"latency_avg_ms":29.6039,"latency_stddev_ms":18.6178,"latency_p95_ms":65.5560,"latency_p99_ms":80.2390},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":8994.3333,"transactions":269830,"latency_avg_ms":28.4012,"latency_stddev_ms":17.8968,"latency_p95_ms":60.2750,"latency_p99_ms":82.8790},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":5661.7333,"transactions":169852,"latency_avg_ms":45.2731,"latency_stddev_ms":20.5291,"latency_p95_ms":75.0190,"latency_p99_ms":92.7370},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":6555.7333,"transactions":196672,"latency_avg_ms":39.0073,"latency_stddev_ms":30.9549,"latency_p95_ms":85.9520,"latency_p99_ms":105.2410},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":6793.6333,"transactions":203809,"latency_avg_ms":37.6799,"latency_stddev_ms":25.2902,"latency_p95_ms":85.3290,"latency_p99_ms":105.7400},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":5052.6000,"transactions":151578,"latency_avg_ms":50.6625,"latency_stddev_ms":24.6212,"latency_p95_ms":90.0200,"latency_p99_ms":117.0230},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":7050.5333,"transactions":211516,"latency_avg_ms":36.3019,"latency_stddev_ms":22.2782,"latency_p95_ms":74.6320,"latency_p99_ms":99.2180},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":7492.0333,"transactions":224761,"latency_avg_ms":34.1521,"latency_stddev_ms":19.9668,"latency_p95_ms":69.7180,"latency_p99_ms":88.1660},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":9602.9000,"transactions":288087,"latency_avg_ms":26.6601,"latency_stddev_ms":16.5291,"latency_p95_ms":59.2380,"latency_p99_ms":76.6630},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":8484.9000,"transactions":254547,"latency_avg_ms":30.1254,"latency_stddev_ms":17.8234,"latency_p95_ms":64.5420,"latency_p99_ms":79.4610},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":5664.8667,"transactions":169946,"latency_avg_ms":45.2352,"latency_stddev_ms":20.7254,"latency_p95_ms":74.5500,"latency_p99_ms":95.9230},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":6804.3333,"transactions":204130,"latency_avg_ms":37.5971,"latency_stddev_ms":21.0214,"latency_p95_ms":72.4080,"latency_p99_ms":90.4260},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":7558.1667,"transactions":226745,"latency_avg_ms":33.8762,"latency_stddev_ms":25.9517,"latency_p95_ms":75.6660,"latency_p99_ms":101.1570},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":1.7667,"transactions":53,"latency_avg_ms":75.5375,"latency_stddev_ms":5.2227,"latency_p95_ms":84.2580,"latency_p99_ms":88.7180}]},{"run":3,"tps":7586.8798,"transactions":4544541,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":33.7655,"latency_stddev_ms":21.7570,"initial_connection_time_ms":411.621,"latency_p95_ms":72.0110,"latency_p99_ms":90.7520,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":9000.3333,"transactions":270010,"latency_avg_ms":28.2212,"latency_stddev_ms":19.4706,"latency_p95_ms":67.7510,"latency_p99_ms":89.9140},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":6863.7667,"transactions":205913,"latency_avg_ms":37.3071,"latency_stddev_ms":23.3896,"latency_p95_ms":78.1390,"latency_p99_ms":102.5660},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":9391.3333,"transactions":281740,"latency_avg_ms":27.2441,"latency_stddev_ms":17.6106,"latency_p95_ms":60.9450,"latency_p99_ms":83.4460},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":8794.6000,"transactions":263838,"latency_avg_ms":29.1064,"latency_stddev_ms":18.2530,"latency_p95_ms":61.2140,"latency_p99_ms":80.3350},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":11062.6333,"transactions":331879,"latency_avg_ms":23.0817,"latency_stddev_ms":12.0714,"latency_p95_ms":49.0830,"latency_p99_ms":58.1790},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":4674.8000,"transactions":140244,"latency_avg_ms":54.8080,"latency_stddev_ms":13.5792,"latency_p95_ms":74.9900,"latency_p99_ms":98.2790},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":5929.9000,"transactions":177897,"latency_avg_ms":43.1698,"latency_stddev_ms":20.3935,"latency_p95_ms":72.2900,"latency_p99_ms":88.5550},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":7163.3333,"transactions":214900,"latency_avg_ms":35.7280,"latency_stddev_ms":25.4316,"latency_p95_ms":73.4750,"latency_p99_ms":98.5870},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":7350.5667,"transactions":220517,"latency_avg_ms":34.8428,"latency_stddev_ms":19.8842,"latency_p95_ms":68.2310,"latency_p99_ms":84.7630},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":5195.5333,"transactions":155866,"latency_avg_ms":49.2568,"latency_stddev_ms":22.1129,"latency_p95_ms":82.7610,"latency_p99_ms":100.9300},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":7489.8667,"transactions":224696,"latency_avg_ms":34.1509,"latency_stddev_ms":21.4758,"latency_p95_ms":71.8760,"latency_p99_ms":89.5910},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":9074.8333,"transactions":272245,"latency_avg_ms":28.2101,"latency_stddev_ms":18.9677,"latency_p95_ms":65.4850,"latency_p99_ms":83.2520},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":10289.2000,"transactions":308676,"latency_avg_ms":24.8728,"latency_stddev_ms":17.3405,"latency_p95_ms":59.0250,"latency_p99_ms":77.5570},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":6622.7000,"transactions":198681,"latency_avg_ms":38.6396,"latency_stddev_ms":21.3995,"latency_p95_ms":71.3030,"latency_p99_ms":88.2150},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":7882.6667,"transactions":236480,"latency_avg_ms":32.4765,"latency_stddev_ms":20.0680,"latency_p95_ms":63.0010,"latency_p99_ms":81.6660},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":7158.3333,"transactions":214750,"latency_avg_ms":35.7346,"latency_stddev_ms":21.5196,"latency_p95_ms":70.0160,"latency_p99_ms":87.3570},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":7303.8667,"transactions":219116,"latency_avg_ms":35.0531,"latency_stddev_ms":24.3849,"latency_p95_ms":74.4970,"latency_p99_ms":103.7620},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":7205.7333,"transactions":216172,"latency_avg_ms":35.4532,"latency_stddev_ms":22.8748,"latency_p95_ms":73.7320,"latency_p99_ms":96.4040},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":5390.2667,"transactions":161708,"latency_avg_ms":47.5776,"latency_stddev_ms":26.8214,"latency_p95_ms":90.5660,"latency_p99_ms":115.3940},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":7640.4333,"transactions":229213,"latency_avg_ms":33.2687,"latency_stddev_ms":22.6001,"latency_p95_ms":74.0900,"latency_p99_ms":91.1910}]}],"source":"rds/results/rds_16cpu_64gb_6849.json","region":"us-east-2","cloud":"aws","ha_label":"No HA"}
,{"system":"AWS RDS","date":"2026-07-02","instance":{"type":"db.m8gd.4xlarge","vcpus":16,"ram_gb":64,"instance_storage":"950 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"1000 GB - GP3 (16K IOPS)"},"machine":"16vCPU, 64GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","ha":{"label":"HA – 1 standby – sync","mode":"sync","standbys":1,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"on","synchronous_standby_names":null}},"postgres_version":"18.3","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":6849,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":883.198},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":8141.3617,"transactions":4884817,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":31.4169,"latency_stddev_ms":32.4759,"initial_connection_time_ms":409.451,"latency_p95_ms":67.7660,"latency_p99_ms":187.3280,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":16746.3000,"transactions":502389,"latency_avg_ms":14.8450,"latency_stddev_ms":18.6983,"latency_p95_ms":21.9290,"latency_p99_ms":38.5530},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":17544.4333,"transactions":526333,"latency_avg_ms":14.5887,"latency_stddev_ms":17.2313,"latency_p95_ms":18.9960,"latency_p99_ms":28.1400},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":7232.9333,"transactions":216988,"latency_avg_ms":35.3852,"latency_stddev_ms":27.0868,"latency_p95_ms":81.1510,"latency_p99_ms":135.0130},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":5748.8000,"transactions":172464,"latency_avg_ms":44.3387,"latency_stddev_ms":34.9937,"latency_p95_ms":93.4390,"latency_p99_ms":186.6210},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":7413.6000,"transactions":222408,"latency_avg_ms":34.6641,"latency_stddev_ms":31.8593,"latency_p95_ms":72.6000,"latency_p99_ms":183.8090},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":10354.3667,"transactions":310631,"latency_avg_ms":24.7174,"latency_stddev_ms":18.4374,"latency_p95_ms":51.8500,"latency_p99_ms":72.8960},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":8078.7667,"transactions":242363,"latency_avg_ms":31.6087,"latency_stddev_ms":31.5151,"latency_p95_ms":61.1360,"latency_p99_ms":184.4630},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":7442.9333,"transactions":223288,"latency_avg_ms":34.4590,"latency_stddev_ms":41.5941,"latency_p95_ms":76.5480,"latency_p99_ms":195.3940},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":7704.7333,"transactions":231142,"latency_avg_ms":33.0594,"latency_stddev_ms":30.4327,"latency_p95_ms":72.8260,"latency_p99_ms":178.9720},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":4178.5667,"transactions":125357,"latency_avg_ms":61.5582,"latency_stddev_ms":49.3455,"latency_p95_ms":180.1070,"latency_p99_ms":207.3250},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":9480.5000,"transactions":284415,"latency_avg_ms":26.9904,"latency_stddev_ms":21.6436,"latency_p95_ms":58.7140,"latency_p99_ms":96.9530},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":7184.4667,"transactions":215534,"latency_avg_ms":35.6344,"latency_stddev_ms":37.5522,"latency_p95_ms":73.2100,"latency_p99_ms":194.2280},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":7795.9333,"transactions":233878,"latency_avg_ms":32.8193,"latency_stddev_ms":28.2283,"latency_p95_ms":63.6150,"latency_p99_ms":187.8660},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":8758.4333,"transactions":262753,"latency_avg_ms":29.2308,"latency_stddev_ms":20.7775,"latency_p95_ms":55.6390,"latency_p99_ms":91.7460},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":5542.9333,"transactions":166288,"latency_avg_ms":46.1776,"latency_stddev_ms":54.1021,"latency_p95_ms":179.7530,"latency_p99_ms":267.9200},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":4904.0000,"transactions":147120,"latency_avg_ms":52.1420,"latency_stddev_ms":45.5281,"latency_p95_ms":179.5300,"latency_p99_ms":210.6420},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":4803.3667,"transactions":144101,"latency_avg_ms":53.2884,"latency_stddev_ms":43.0280,"latency_p95_ms":177.2500,"latency_p99_ms":205.7400},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":5921.9333,"transactions":177658,"latency_avg_ms":43.2653,"latency_stddev_ms":34.8129,"latency_p95_ms":83.3960,"latency_p99_ms":188.6870},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":7590.1667,"transactions":227705,"latency_avg_ms":33.5887,"latency_stddev_ms":27.2873,"latency_p95_ms":60.8500,"latency_p99_ms":181.8760},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":8251.5000,"transactions":247545,"latency_avg_ms":31.1240,"latency_stddev_ms":23.2020,"latency_p95_ms":57.9250,"latency_p99_ms":173.6480},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":148.5667,"transactions":4457,"latency_avg_ms":27.4383,"latency_stddev_ms":12.5208,"latency_p95_ms":50.2380,"latency_p99_ms":64.1410}]},{"run":2,"tps":7121.2020,"transactions":4265600,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":35.9782,"latency_stddev_ms":35.2013,"initial_connection_time_ms":410.748,"latency_p95_ms":72.2640,"latency_p99_ms":189.0950,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":9396.6000,"transactions":281898,"latency_avg_ms":27.1435,"latency_stddev_ms":20.7102,"latency_p95_ms":53.0980,"latency_p99_ms":76.5080},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":6815.8667,"transactions":204476,"latency_avg_ms":37.5380,"latency_stddev_ms":36.0243,"latency_p95_ms":80.8250,"latency_p99_ms":191.3320},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":6646.7000,"transactions":199401,"latency_avg_ms":38.5027,"latency_stddev_ms":46.7613,"latency_p95_ms":86.6660,"latency_p99_ms":230.0000},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":5010.3333,"transactions":150310,"latency_avg_ms":51.1385,"latency_stddev_ms":44.3494,"latency_p95_ms":178.5050,"latency_p99_ms":199.8460},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":5794.9333,"transactions":173848,"latency_avg_ms":44.1407,"latency_stddev_ms":40.2188,"latency_p95_ms":98.5870,"latency_p99_ms":192.3890},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":6578.6667,"transactions":197360,"latency_avg_ms":38.9313,"latency_stddev_ms":33.7739,"latency_p95_ms":78.5340,"latency_p99_ms":188.5460},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":8391.0333,"transactions":251731,"latency_avg_ms":30.4818,"latency_stddev_ms":26.9448,"latency_p95_ms":58.6640,"latency_p99_ms":182.0620},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":9642.3667,"transactions":289271,"latency_avg_ms":26.5114,"latency_stddev_ms":19.8285,"latency_p95_ms":52.9940,"latency_p99_ms":102.2600},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":7290.4667,"transactions":218714,"latency_avg_ms":35.1573,"latency_stddev_ms":32.6293,"latency_p95_ms":70.4390,"latency_p99_ms":187.5210},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":6241.1667,"transactions":187235,"latency_avg_ms":40.9262,"latency_stddev_ms":42.3554,"latency_p95_ms":164.3900,"latency_p99_ms":208.2620},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":7892.2333,"transactions":236767,"latency_avg_ms":32.4782,"latency_stddev_ms":35.6206,"latency_p95_ms":67.5880,"latency_p99_ms":179.9060},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":4478.5000,"transactions":134355,"latency_avg_ms":57.1883,"latency_stddev_ms":46.8168,"latency_p95_ms":181.1000,"latency_p99_ms":206.4800},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":6527.4333,"transactions":195823,"latency_avg_ms":39.1825,"latency_stddev_ms":36.1189,"latency_p95_ms":76.8110,"latency_p99_ms":192.7860},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":7462.4000,"transactions":223872,"latency_avg_ms":34.3225,"latency_stddev_ms":29.6908,"latency_p95_ms":65.0710,"latency_p99_ms":182.7140},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":8380.6333,"transactions":251419,"latency_avg_ms":30.5569,"latency_stddev_ms":27.5102,"latency_p95_ms":60.6270,"latency_p99_ms":185.9780},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":8996.0667,"transactions":269882,"latency_avg_ms":28.3094,"latency_stddev_ms":22.9820,"latency_p95_ms":56.4820,"latency_p99_ms":176.1450},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":6087.1333,"transactions":182614,"latency_avg_ms":42.2477,"latency_stddev_ms":37.3375,"latency_p95_ms":126.5620,"latency_p99_ms":193.9250},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":6315.9000,"transactions":189477,"latency_avg_ms":40.5286,"latency_stddev_ms":37.3262,"latency_p95_ms":86.8560,"latency_p99_ms":191.1470},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":7304.3667,"transactions":219131,"latency_avg_ms":35.0440,"latency_stddev_ms":43.9112,"latency_p95_ms":70.7580,"latency_p99_ms":260.3220},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":6933.8667,"transactions":208016,"latency_avg_ms":36.5322,"latency_stddev_ms":35.6267,"latency_p95_ms":81.7350,"latency_p99_ms":187.6220}]},{"run":3,"tps":7648.8314,"transactions":4581650,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":33.4955,"latency_stddev_ms":32.7083,"initial_connection_time_ms":412.775,"latency_p95_ms":70.7460,"latency_p99_ms":186.7450,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":10136.5667,"transactions":304097,"latency_avg_ms":25.0560,"latency_stddev_ms":18.2933,"latency_p95_ms":51.8960,"latency_p99_ms":77.3130},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":7155.8333,"transactions":214675,"latency_avg_ms":35.7778,"latency_stddev_ms":33.6612,"latency_p95_ms":77.6360,"latency_p99_ms":190.4730},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":9789.5000,"transactions":293685,"latency_avg_ms":26.1493,"latency_stddev_ms":24.8159,"latency_p95_ms":57.1240,"latency_p99_ms":180.8800},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":8558.1333,"transactions":256744,"latency_avg_ms":29.9075,"latency_stddev_ms":29.3865,"latency_p95_ms":61.1020,"latency_p99_ms":184.2670},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":7317.9000,"transactions":219537,"latency_avg_ms":34.8145,"latency_stddev_ms":30.4541,"latency_p95_ms":68.6030,"latency_p99_ms":179.4510},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":6496.4000,"transactions":194892,"latency_avg_ms":39.4954,"latency_stddev_ms":36.1633,"latency_p95_ms":86.0390,"latency_p99_ms":190.2100},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":6187.7333,"transactions":185632,"latency_avg_ms":41.4391,"latency_stddev_ms":39.2091,"latency_p95_ms":84.9860,"latency_p99_ms":208.9540},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":8532.6667,"transactions":255980,"latency_avg_ms":29.9979,"latency_stddev_ms":26.8405,"latency_p95_ms":62.9040,"latency_p99_ms":178.6280},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":4879.8667,"transactions":146396,"latency_avg_ms":52.4014,"latency_stddev_ms":43.8724,"latency_p95_ms":176.9790,"latency_p99_ms":204.4680},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":7726.5667,"transactions":231797,"latency_avg_ms":33.1417,"latency_stddev_ms":31.4464,"latency_p95_ms":67.8800,"latency_p99_ms":189.2820},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":7452.6000,"transactions":223578,"latency_avg_ms":34.3601,"latency_stddev_ms":32.1831,"latency_p95_ms":70.0970,"latency_p99_ms":186.9830},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":9345.9000,"transactions":280377,"latency_avg_ms":27.3946,"latency_stddev_ms":26.2840,"latency_p95_ms":60.0050,"latency_p99_ms":181.7450},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":9093.2333,"transactions":272797,"latency_avg_ms":28.1341,"latency_stddev_ms":27.5666,"latency_p95_ms":61.0940,"latency_p99_ms":179.2110},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":6304.4667,"transactions":189134,"latency_avg_ms":40.5777,"latency_stddev_ms":37.1506,"latency_p95_ms":106.2820,"latency_p99_ms":195.5330},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":8238.0000,"transactions":247140,"latency_avg_ms":31.0991,"latency_stddev_ms":32.5274,"latency_p95_ms":69.0440,"latency_p99_ms":184.0370},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":5830.6000,"transactions":174918,"latency_avg_ms":43.8643,"latency_stddev_ms":40.6142,"latency_p95_ms":160.6250,"latency_p99_ms":197.3390},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":8816.2333,"transactions":264487,"latency_avg_ms":29.0251,"latency_stddev_ms":32.2567,"latency_p95_ms":66.0260,"latency_p99_ms":184.8850},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":5064.9333,"transactions":151948,"latency_avg_ms":50.5583,"latency_stddev_ms":41.5732,"latency_p95_ms":173.6970,"latency_p99_ms":191.2020},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":8091.4000,"transactions":242742,"latency_avg_ms":31.5966,"latency_stddev_ms":32.2833,"latency_p95_ms":65.3240,"latency_p99_ms":191.0040},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":7703.1333,"transactions":231094,"latency_avg_ms":33.0658,"latency_stddev_ms":33.8754,"latency_p95_ms":70.6450,"latency_p99_ms":186.7590}]}],"source":"rds/results/rds_16cpu_64gb_6849_ha-1s-sync.json","ha_label":"HA – 1 standby – sync"}
,{"system":"AWS RDS","date":"2026-07-03","instance":{"type":"db.m8gd.4xlarge","vcpus":16,"ram_gb":64,"instance_storage":"950 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"1000 GB - GP3 (16K IOPS)"},"machine":"16vCPU, 64GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","ha":{"label":"HA – 2 standbys – sync","mode":"sync","standbys":2,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"on","synchronous_standby_names":"ANY 1 (\"rds_us_east_2_db_nebtg2t6jr4vqpozaf2kt7fzga\",\"rds_us_east_2_db_65fikw4vtgjkfhnnk4iyfpothe\",\"rds_us_east_2_db_6bl5dzi3h7yixumht33n4kcc3i\")"}},"postgres_version":"18.3","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":6849,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":622.824},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":9331.4850,"transactions":5598891,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":27.4320,"latency_stddev_ms":68.1900,"initial_connection_time_ms":489.339,"latency_p95_ms":102.0210,"latency_p99_ms":237.4310,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":17205.3333,"transactions":516160,"latency_avg_ms":14.8324,"latency_stddev_ms":10.6430,"latency_p95_ms":37.8970,"latency_p99_ms":54.4910},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":15985.4333,"transactions":479563,"latency_avg_ms":16.0135,"latency_stddev_ms":12.4573,"latency_p95_ms":42.7170,"latency_p99_ms":59.3650},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":15840.9333,"transactions":475228,"latency_avg_ms":16.1566,"latency_stddev_ms":13.3891,"latency_p95_ms":44.4180,"latency_p99_ms":63.1700},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":14408.5667,"transactions":432257,"latency_avg_ms":17.7618,"latency_stddev_ms":14.7060,"latency_p95_ms":47.8070,"latency_p99_ms":66.8880},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":9529.3667,"transactions":285881,"latency_avg_ms":25.9538,"latency_stddev_ms":119.9494,"latency_p95_ms":52.9500,"latency_p99_ms":216.5850},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":6150.0333,"transactions":184501,"latency_avg_ms":42.9660,"latency_stddev_ms":127.9862,"latency_p95_ms":189.6970,"latency_p99_ms":562.3420},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":6581.9667,"transactions":197459,"latency_avg_ms":38.7861,"latency_stddev_ms":99.2838,"latency_p95_ms":178.9160,"latency_p99_ms":409.6440},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":6551.9667,"transactions":196559,"latency_avg_ms":39.1944,"latency_stddev_ms":76.7591,"latency_p95_ms":187.0440,"latency_p99_ms":308.4820},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":6307.0667,"transactions":189212,"latency_avg_ms":40.2503,"latency_stddev_ms":93.6987,"latency_p95_ms":191.7550,"latency_p99_ms":464.9030},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":6536.2667,"transactions":196088,"latency_avg_ms":39.3239,"latency_stddev_ms":102.2917,"latency_p95_ms":176.9300,"latency_p99_ms":564.0470},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":7392.2667,"transactions":221768,"latency_avg_ms":34.7620,"latency_stddev_ms":86.3617,"latency_p95_ms":155.3750,"latency_p99_ms":488.0810},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":7415.1333,"transactions":222454,"latency_avg_ms":34.5321,"latency_stddev_ms":69.4599,"latency_p95_ms":172.1540,"latency_p99_ms":342.0930},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":6955.4333,"transactions":208663,"latency_avg_ms":36.7815,"latency_stddev_ms":88.4935,"latency_p95_ms":179.6370,"latency_p99_ms":387.7710},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":7842.9000,"transactions":235287,"latency_avg_ms":32.4954,"latency_stddev_ms":71.7401,"latency_p95_ms":160.0090,"latency_p99_ms":361.3640},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":8014.4667,"transactions":240434,"latency_avg_ms":31.0400,"latency_stddev_ms":70.0795,"latency_p95_ms":150.8830,"latency_p99_ms":303.5040},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":8501.5000,"transactions":255045,"latency_avg_ms":31.0584,"latency_stddev_ms":87.6142,"latency_p95_ms":135.7860,"latency_p99_ms":229.2980},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":9374.5667,"transactions":281237,"latency_avg_ms":27.3476,"latency_stddev_ms":43.7807,"latency_p95_ms":128.1620,"latency_p99_ms":215.9760},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":8813.7333,"transactions":264412,"latency_avg_ms":29.0666,"latency_stddev_ms":47.4699,"latency_p95_ms":140.1850,"latency_p99_ms":218.6190},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":8331.1667,"transactions":249935,"latency_avg_ms":30.6865,"latency_stddev_ms":55.3307,"latency_p95_ms":145.4000,"latency_p99_ms":227.5360},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":8885.1333,"transactions":266554,"latency_avg_ms":28.3524,"latency_stddev_ms":46.2313,"latency_p95_ms":136.6340,"latency_p99_ms":219.4300},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":6.4667,"transactions":194,"latency_avg_ms":833.7801,"latency_stddev_ms":134.2098,"latency_p95_ms":1043.7950,"latency_p99_ms":1069.4410}]},{"run":2,"tps":8081.2230,"transactions":4856815,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":31.6276,"latency_stddev_ms":55.7844,"initial_connection_time_ms":521.595,"latency_p95_ms":132.5390,"latency_p99_ms":235.8660,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":13037.5333,"transactions":391126,"latency_avg_ms":19.5361,"latency_stddev_ms":16.8225,"latency_p95_ms":56.4730,"latency_p99_ms":78.8960},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":10745.8333,"transactions":322375,"latency_avg_ms":23.8092,"latency_stddev_ms":24.3137,"latency_p95_ms":62.3340,"latency_p99_ms":133.9090},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":7437.0333,"transactions":223111,"latency_avg_ms":34.4107,"latency_stddev_ms":47.9619,"latency_p95_ms":136.0160,"latency_p99_ms":234.9960},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":7141.3667,"transactions":214241,"latency_avg_ms":35.8578,"latency_stddev_ms":42.5133,"latency_p95_ms":132.5680,"latency_p99_ms":228.4740},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":6943.1000,"transactions":208293,"latency_avg_ms":36.8566,"latency_stddev_ms":42.0033,"latency_p95_ms":114.5350,"latency_p99_ms":229.2350},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":6833.8333,"transactions":205015,"latency_avg_ms":37.4326,"latency_stddev_ms":39.4820,"latency_p95_ms":111.6340,"latency_p99_ms":227.3820},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":7174.2000,"transactions":215226,"latency_avg_ms":35.6958,"latency_stddev_ms":38.7616,"latency_p95_ms":116.8930,"latency_p99_ms":223.6260},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":7191.6000,"transactions":215748,"latency_avg_ms":35.6142,"latency_stddev_ms":48.6316,"latency_p95_ms":139.7500,"latency_p99_ms":230.5220},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":7734.2000,"transactions":232026,"latency_avg_ms":33.0361,"latency_stddev_ms":45.0877,"latency_p95_ms":137.7070,"latency_p99_ms":225.1130},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":7958.6333,"transactions":238759,"latency_avg_ms":32.1673,"latency_stddev_ms":46.6528,"latency_p95_ms":152.0100,"latency_p99_ms":225.8050},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":7640.4000,"transactions":229212,"latency_avg_ms":33.5150,"latency_stddev_ms":53.2019,"latency_p95_ms":174.0300,"latency_p99_ms":236.8460},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":8149.4667,"transactions":244484,"latency_avg_ms":31.3987,"latency_stddev_ms":51.1498,"latency_p95_ms":162.5160,"latency_p99_ms":230.4720},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":7807.8000,"transactions":234234,"latency_avg_ms":32.8110,"latency_stddev_ms":53.1904,"latency_p95_ms":170.6730,"latency_p99_ms":233.8700},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":7584.4333,"transactions":227533,"latency_avg_ms":33.4925,"latency_stddev_ms":82.6886,"latency_p95_ms":160.5030,"latency_p99_ms":399.7970},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":8248.2000,"transactions":247446,"latency_avg_ms":31.2583,"latency_stddev_ms":77.8735,"latency_p95_ms":145.8540,"latency_p99_ms":330.2610},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":8083.1000,"transactions":242493,"latency_avg_ms":31.6190,"latency_stddev_ms":70.6055,"latency_p95_ms":155.9100,"latency_p99_ms":325.6390},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":7869.2000,"transactions":236076,"latency_avg_ms":32.6117,"latency_stddev_ms":74.2869,"latency_p95_ms":160.2700,"latency_p99_ms":368.4220},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":8027.3333,"transactions":240820,"latency_avg_ms":31.8557,"latency_stddev_ms":70.9726,"latency_p95_ms":157.9000,"latency_p99_ms":363.4920},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":8177.9333,"transactions":245338,"latency_avg_ms":31.1955,"latency_stddev_ms":70.1044,"latency_p95_ms":155.7460,"latency_p99_ms":324.9740},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":8104.3667,"transactions":243131,"latency_avg_ms":31.2176,"latency_stddev_ms":65.9228,"latency_p95_ms":156.1550,"latency_p99_ms":310.4290},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":4.2667,"transactions":128,"latency_avg_ms":1483.4397,"latency_stddev_ms":492.2971,"latency_p95_ms":1991.5770,"latency_p99_ms":2000.4890}]},{"run":3,"tps":8018.6672,"transactions":4819219,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":31.8683,"latency_stddev_ms":57.0646,"initial_connection_time_ms":521.387,"latency_p95_ms":156.0810,"latency_p99_ms":244.2480,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":12647.7333,"transactions":379432,"latency_avg_ms":19.9601,"latency_stddev_ms":19.5230,"latency_p95_ms":60.0450,"latency_p99_ms":91.2300},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":12301.2000,"transactions":369036,"latency_avg_ms":20.8006,"latency_stddev_ms":23.5044,"latency_p95_ms":69.1160,"latency_p99_ms":109.7370},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":8066.3667,"transactions":241991,"latency_avg_ms":31.7032,"latency_stddev_ms":50.4379,"latency_p95_ms":147.2220,"latency_p99_ms":231.5350},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":6559.5000,"transactions":196785,"latency_avg_ms":38.9688,"latency_stddev_ms":63.9578,"latency_p95_ms":190.6220,"latency_p99_ms":290.5870},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":6420.8333,"transactions":192625,"latency_avg_ms":39.9566,"latency_stddev_ms":66.8437,"latency_p95_ms":191.6780,"latency_p99_ms":290.1000},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":6866.1333,"transactions":205984,"latency_avg_ms":37.2803,"latency_stddev_ms":59.1095,"latency_p95_ms":186.7200,"latency_p99_ms":263.7260},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":7424.1333,"transactions":222724,"latency_avg_ms":34.4570,"latency_stddev_ms":55.4202,"latency_p95_ms":176.1880,"latency_p99_ms":242.8010},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":7509.1667,"transactions":225275,"latency_avg_ms":34.0626,"latency_stddev_ms":53.9556,"latency_p95_ms":175.0310,"latency_p99_ms":240.1810},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":7732.9667,"transactions":231989,"latency_avg_ms":33.1148,"latency_stddev_ms":53.1469,"latency_p95_ms":169.5700,"latency_p99_ms":237.7970},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":7316.7000,"transactions":219501,"latency_avg_ms":34.9689,"latency_stddev_ms":57.2814,"latency_p95_ms":178.8070,"latency_p99_ms":245.3000},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":7738.6667,"transactions":232160,"latency_avg_ms":33.1057,"latency_stddev_ms":52.5640,"latency_p95_ms":170.6240,"latency_p99_ms":235.8630},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":7460.1667,"transactions":223805,"latency_avg_ms":34.3274,"latency_stddev_ms":54.1550,"latency_p95_ms":175.1790,"latency_p99_ms":236.2560},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":7731.4667,"transactions":231944,"latency_avg_ms":33.0937,"latency_stddev_ms":53.8534,"latency_p95_ms":171.0160,"latency_p99_ms":237.0490},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":7587.6333,"transactions":227629,"latency_avg_ms":33.7059,"latency_stddev_ms":66.9891,"latency_p95_ms":166.4600,"latency_p99_ms":278.9100},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":7578.8333,"transactions":227365,"latency_avg_ms":33.7838,"latency_stddev_ms":67.3105,"latency_p95_ms":169.9220,"latency_p99_ms":332.2730},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":8004.4667,"transactions":240134,"latency_avg_ms":31.9598,"latency_stddev_ms":68.4853,"latency_p95_ms":158.4230,"latency_p99_ms":296.3830},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":7571.6000,"transactions":227148,"latency_avg_ms":33.8721,"latency_stddev_ms":70.7887,"latency_p95_ms":169.1490,"latency_p99_ms":326.9000},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":8173.3667,"transactions":245201,"latency_avg_ms":31.2624,"latency_stddev_ms":62.5633,"latency_p95_ms":157.1720,"latency_p99_ms":292.2920},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":7919.5667,"transactions":237587,"latency_avg_ms":32.3207,"latency_stddev_ms":64.8442,"latency_p95_ms":165.8270,"latency_p99_ms":319.5660},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":8025.1667,"transactions":240755,"latency_avg_ms":31.7245,"latency_stddev_ms":66.1877,"latency_p95_ms":160.3160,"latency_p99_ms":297.2860},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":4.9667,"transactions":149,"latency_avg_ms":1070.6713,"latency_stddev_ms":449.4644,"latency_p95_ms":1659.4930,"latency_p99_ms":1671.4310}]}],"source":"rds/results/rds_16cpu_64gb_6849_ha-2s-sync.json","ha_label":"HA – 2 standbys – sync"}
,{"system":"AWS RDS","date":"2026-07-09","instance":{"type":"db.m8gd.xlarge","vcpus":4,"ram_gb":16,"instance_storage":"237 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"1000 GB - GP3 (16K IOPS)"},"machine":"4vCPU, 16GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","ha":{"label":"No HA","mode":"off","standbys":0,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"on","synchronous_standby_names":null}},"postgres_version":"18.3","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":6849,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":551.737},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":4708.3055,"transactions":2820275,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":54.3998,"latency_stddev_ms":25.8263,"initial_connection_time_ms":691.240,"latency_p95_ms":99.0370,"latency_p99_ms":125.2370,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":6947.4667,"transactions":208424,"latency_avg_ms":36.6681,"latency_stddev_ms":23.9034,"latency_p95_ms":75.1420,"latency_p99_ms":116.6550},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":5505.2000,"transactions":165156,"latency_avg_ms":46.4645,"latency_stddev_ms":25.0796,"latency_p95_ms":91.9080,"latency_p99_ms":122.7790},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":4718.7000,"transactions":141561,"latency_avg_ms":54.2940,"latency_stddev_ms":24.2621,"latency_p95_ms":96.0170,"latency_p99_ms":120.6590},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":4414.2000,"transactions":132426,"latency_avg_ms":57.9369,"latency_stddev_ms":26.7382,"latency_p95_ms":103.7320,"latency_p99_ms":130.2000},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":3841.9667,"transactions":115259,"latency_avg_ms":66.5949,"latency_stddev_ms":19.1689,"latency_p95_ms":103.4690,"latency_p99_ms":127.0340},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":4945.4333,"transactions":148363,"latency_avg_ms":51.8113,"latency_stddev_ms":25.3830,"latency_p95_ms":92.4510,"latency_p99_ms":119.1180},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":4535.8000,"transactions":136074,"latency_avg_ms":56.4612,"latency_stddev_ms":23.4425,"latency_p95_ms":92.7880,"latency_p99_ms":118.1190},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":4082.9000,"transactions":122487,"latency_avg_ms":62.6875,"latency_stddev_ms":25.4976,"latency_p95_ms":107.3970,"latency_p99_ms":139.5180},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":5162.0000,"transactions":154860,"latency_avg_ms":49.5245,"latency_stddev_ms":26.5035,"latency_p95_ms":96.8430,"latency_p99_ms":124.5850},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":4602.2000,"transactions":138066,"latency_avg_ms":55.6673,"latency_stddev_ms":24.0061,"latency_p95_ms":96.1050,"latency_p99_ms":118.7820},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":4068.2333,"transactions":122047,"latency_avg_ms":62.9755,"latency_stddev_ms":22.0360,"latency_p95_ms":101.1240,"latency_p99_ms":123.6430},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":4465.5667,"transactions":133967,"latency_avg_ms":57.3010,"latency_stddev_ms":26.6714,"latency_p95_ms":102.1000,"latency_p99_ms":133.1370},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":4727.9333,"transactions":141838,"latency_avg_ms":54.1176,"latency_stddev_ms":26.9090,"latency_p95_ms":99.2850,"latency_p99_ms":124.6890},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":4137.8333,"transactions":124135,"latency_avg_ms":61.9034,"latency_stddev_ms":22.9607,"latency_p95_ms":101.8890,"latency_p99_ms":124.3580},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":5361.5667,"transactions":160847,"latency_avg_ms":47.7341,"latency_stddev_ms":25.3986,"latency_p95_ms":91.2210,"latency_p99_ms":118.7450},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":3878.1333,"transactions":116344,"latency_avg_ms":66.0504,"latency_stddev_ms":22.6503,"latency_p95_ms":105.7260,"latency_p99_ms":131.2270},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":4826.6000,"transactions":144798,"latency_avg_ms":53.0167,"latency_stddev_ms":23.7904,"latency_p95_ms":93.6100,"latency_p99_ms":116.1860},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":4556.1000,"transactions":136683,"latency_avg_ms":56.1890,"latency_stddev_ms":24.7120,"latency_p95_ms":99.5060,"latency_p99_ms":124.0900},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":4870.1000,"transactions":146103,"latency_avg_ms":52.5679,"latency_stddev_ms":25.8621,"latency_p95_ms":98.2090,"latency_p99_ms":123.7820},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":4361.2333,"transactions":130837,"latency_avg_ms":57.6788,"latency_stddev_ms":27.4884,"latency_p95_ms":104.9490,"latency_p99_ms":133.1920}]},{"run":2,"tps":4738.0267,"transactions":2838078,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":54.0822,"latency_stddev_ms":26.0828,"initial_connection_time_ms":446.187,"latency_p95_ms":99.1660,"latency_p99_ms":123.7980,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":5538.4667,"transactions":166154,"latency_avg_ms":46.3062,"latency_stddev_ms":25.4971,"latency_p95_ms":92.1160,"latency_p99_ms":117.3290},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":4434.8333,"transactions":133045,"latency_avg_ms":57.7037,"latency_stddev_ms":26.6628,"latency_p95_ms":102.4050,"latency_p99_ms":126.0780},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":4515.1667,"transactions":135455,"latency_avg_ms":56.6992,"latency_stddev_ms":25.9381,"latency_p95_ms":101.5420,"latency_p99_ms":126.3130},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":4965.2000,"transactions":148956,"latency_avg_ms":51.5968,"latency_stddev_ms":26.3138,"latency_p95_ms":97.4600,"latency_p99_ms":116.3410},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":4170.2667,"transactions":125108,"latency_avg_ms":61.3264,"latency_stddev_ms":26.8426,"latency_p95_ms":106.1460,"latency_p99_ms":132.7740},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":4591.9000,"transactions":137757,"latency_avg_ms":55.7565,"latency_stddev_ms":27.2743,"latency_p95_ms":102.6570,"latency_p99_ms":129.8340},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":4565.8667,"transactions":136976,"latency_avg_ms":56.1045,"latency_stddev_ms":27.6491,"latency_p95_ms":103.4080,"latency_p99_ms":131.5310},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":5132.0333,"transactions":153961,"latency_avg_ms":49.8680,"latency_stddev_ms":26.5522,"latency_p95_ms":95.2970,"latency_p99_ms":125.2420},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":4528.9667,"transactions":135869,"latency_avg_ms":56.5442,"latency_stddev_ms":23.3283,"latency_p95_ms":96.0220,"latency_p99_ms":118.6590},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":5255.3333,"transactions":157660,"latency_avg_ms":48.6833,"latency_stddev_ms":26.0971,"latency_p95_ms":90.0100,"latency_p99_ms":119.1250},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":4180.4333,"transactions":125413,"latency_avg_ms":61.2461,"latency_stddev_ms":23.6720,"latency_p95_ms":101.8470,"latency_p99_ms":129.0020},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":4996.9333,"transactions":149908,"latency_avg_ms":51.2426,"latency_stddev_ms":25.3698,"latency_p95_ms":91.6040,"latency_p99_ms":115.9820},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":4967.8000,"transactions":149034,"latency_avg_ms":51.5316,"latency_stddev_ms":24.7968,"latency_p95_ms":93.2620,"latency_p99_ms":116.8530},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":4082.2667,"transactions":122468,"latency_avg_ms":62.6953,"latency_stddev_ms":22.9861,"latency_p95_ms":100.8540,"latency_p99_ms":121.8830},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":5124.1667,"transactions":153725,"latency_avg_ms":49.9804,"latency_stddev_ms":24.9668,"latency_p95_ms":93.3640,"latency_p99_ms":122.6870},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":4578.5333,"transactions":137356,"latency_avg_ms":55.8765,"latency_stddev_ms":25.8797,"latency_p95_ms":99.5780,"latency_p99_ms":121.2360},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":4819.9000,"transactions":144597,"latency_avg_ms":53.1005,"latency_stddev_ms":26.6826,"latency_p95_ms":98.7130,"latency_p99_ms":124.3090},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":5143.0333,"transactions":154291,"latency_avg_ms":49.7963,"latency_stddev_ms":26.5903,"latency_p95_ms":94.3540,"latency_p99_ms":121.2900},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":4641.3667,"transactions":139241,"latency_avg_ms":55.1432,"latency_stddev_ms":25.7843,"latency_p95_ms":100.5920,"latency_p99_ms":127.4460},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":4370.1333,"transactions":131104,"latency_avg_ms":57.6631,"latency_stddev_ms":24.1305,"latency_p95_ms":99.8690,"latency_p99_ms":120.4880}]},{"run":3,"tps":4898.6900,"transactions":2939214,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":52.2206,"latency_stddev_ms":25.9209,"initial_connection_time_ms":447.020,"latency_p95_ms":97.4670,"latency_p99_ms":121.7540,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":5384.6667,"transactions":161540,"latency_avg_ms":46.8694,"latency_stddev_ms":27.9892,"latency_p95_ms":97.2620,"latency_p99_ms":125.2950},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":5024.3000,"transactions":150729,"latency_avg_ms":50.9798,"latency_stddev_ms":24.8019,"latency_p95_ms":93.6730,"latency_p99_ms":118.3450},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":5298.7667,"transactions":158963,"latency_avg_ms":48.3011,"latency_stddev_ms":24.8456,"latency_p95_ms":90.1810,"latency_p99_ms":117.8100},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":3831.9000,"transactions":114957,"latency_avg_ms":66.7658,"latency_stddev_ms":24.9998,"latency_p95_ms":106.3300,"latency_p99_ms":133.7770},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":5024.6667,"transactions":150740,"latency_avg_ms":50.9549,"latency_stddev_ms":26.3934,"latency_p95_ms":100.7780,"latency_p99_ms":125.4560},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":5132.3667,"transactions":153971,"latency_avg_ms":49.9062,"latency_stddev_ms":25.2778,"latency_p95_ms":94.3580,"latency_p99_ms":119.0540},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":4961.7667,"transactions":148853,"latency_avg_ms":51.5822,"latency_stddev_ms":24.1812,"latency_p95_ms":91.1770,"latency_p99_ms":116.2810},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":4949.9333,"transactions":148498,"latency_avg_ms":51.6899,"latency_stddev_ms":25.2225,"latency_p95_ms":91.4070,"latency_p99_ms":118.0070},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":4078.3667,"transactions":122351,"latency_avg_ms":62.8303,"latency_stddev_ms":24.6235,"latency_p95_ms":102.8000,"latency_p99_ms":131.6630},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":5455.0667,"transactions":163652,"latency_avg_ms":46.9117,"latency_stddev_ms":25.1909,"latency_p95_ms":91.5630,"latency_p99_ms":117.8840},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":5178.5000,"transactions":155355,"latency_avg_ms":49.4190,"latency_stddev_ms":25.1229,"latency_p95_ms":90.8950,"latency_p99_ms":118.1180},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":4949.2667,"transactions":148478,"latency_avg_ms":51.7323,"latency_stddev_ms":25.2693,"latency_p95_ms":93.4280,"latency_p99_ms":117.4200},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":4563.7667,"transactions":136913,"latency_avg_ms":56.0158,"latency_stddev_ms":27.8881,"latency_p95_ms":102.0160,"latency_p99_ms":130.8270},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":4657.8667,"transactions":139736,"latency_avg_ms":54.9752,"latency_stddev_ms":24.1272,"latency_p95_ms":97.3720,"latency_p99_ms":121.0460},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":4847.9000,"transactions":145437,"latency_avg_ms":52.8317,"latency_stddev_ms":27.2275,"latency_p95_ms":99.1340,"latency_p99_ms":124.9080},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":5152.3333,"transactions":154570,"latency_avg_ms":49.6606,"latency_stddev_ms":24.7321,"latency_p95_ms":89.5910,"latency_p99_ms":114.8000},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":4824.2667,"transactions":144728,"latency_avg_ms":53.1145,"latency_stddev_ms":28.1650,"latency_p95_ms":100.9240,"latency_p99_ms":125.8780},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":5487.7667,"transactions":164633,"latency_avg_ms":46.6142,"latency_stddev_ms":24.2997,"latency_p95_ms":88.6540,"latency_p99_ms":116.3960},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":4598.5000,"transactions":137955,"latency_avg_ms":55.6917,"latency_stddev_ms":22.8100,"latency_p95_ms":95.7290,"latency_p99_ms":116.4710},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":4570.8000,"transactions":137124,"latency_avg_ms":55.9924,"latency_stddev_ms":25.6583,"latency_p95_ms":99.5720,"latency_p99_ms":121.9990},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":1.0333,"transactions":31,"latency_avg_ms":106.8936,"latency_stddev_ms":16.3962,"latency_p95_ms":135.3400,"latency_p99_ms":149.5080}]}],"source":"rds/results/rds_4cpu_16gb_6849.json","ha_label":"No HA"}
,{"system":"AWS RDS","date":"2026-07-02","instance":{"type":"db.m8gd.xlarge","vcpus":4,"ram_gb":16,"instance_storage":"237 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"1000 GB - GP3 (16K IOPS)"},"machine":"4vCPU, 16GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","ha":{"label":"HA – 1 standby – sync","mode":"sync","standbys":1,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"on","synchronous_standby_names":null}},"postgres_version":"18.3","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":6849,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":918.011},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":4439.5850,"transactions":2663751,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":57.6098,"latency_stddev_ms":45.4304,"initial_connection_time_ms":560.828,"latency_p95_ms":132.9600,"latency_p99_ms":229.7540,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":6149.6000,"transactions":184488,"latency_avg_ms":40.8159,"latency_stddev_ms":27.2512,"latency_p95_ms":85.6900,"latency_p99_ms":125.0140},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":5457.8667,"transactions":163736,"latency_avg_ms":46.9071,"latency_stddev_ms":35.1429,"latency_p95_ms":95.3850,"latency_p99_ms":219.6100},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":4277.2667,"transactions":128318,"latency_avg_ms":59.8543,"latency_stddev_ms":61.3726,"latency_p95_ms":133.6250,"latency_p99_ms":259.9650},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":4099.3000,"transactions":122979,"latency_avg_ms":62.4117,"latency_stddev_ms":50.8740,"latency_p95_ms":123.5420,"latency_p99_ms":265.7470},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":4095.6667,"transactions":122870,"latency_avg_ms":62.5278,"latency_stddev_ms":49.5006,"latency_p95_ms":163.4340,"latency_p99_ms":243.0990},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":4822.9667,"transactions":144689,"latency_avg_ms":53.0288,"latency_stddev_ms":41.3915,"latency_p95_ms":110.4760,"latency_p99_ms":219.7700},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":3760.9333,"transactions":112828,"latency_avg_ms":68.1323,"latency_stddev_ms":44.7326,"latency_p95_ms":185.7660,"latency_p99_ms":223.5810},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":4418.7667,"transactions":132563,"latency_avg_ms":57.8636,"latency_stddev_ms":44.7552,"latency_p95_ms":149.7670,"latency_p99_ms":227.2530},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":3766.2333,"transactions":112987,"latency_avg_ms":67.9640,"latency_stddev_ms":54.2350,"latency_p95_ms":199.9570,"latency_p99_ms":262.3380},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":4605.2000,"transactions":138156,"latency_avg_ms":55.6544,"latency_stddev_ms":42.6745,"latency_p95_ms":129.8820,"latency_p99_ms":224.3350},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":4036.6000,"transactions":121098,"latency_avg_ms":63.4087,"latency_stddev_ms":50.9910,"latency_p95_ms":183.2570,"latency_p99_ms":258.5120},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":4339.5667,"transactions":130187,"latency_avg_ms":58.9053,"latency_stddev_ms":43.0445,"latency_p95_ms":160.9510,"latency_p99_ms":223.2620},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":3993.8000,"transactions":119814,"latency_avg_ms":64.1590,"latency_stddev_ms":50.4241,"latency_p95_ms":190.1710,"latency_p99_ms":251.6400},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":4578.6667,"transactions":137360,"latency_avg_ms":55.7076,"latency_stddev_ms":42.6071,"latency_p95_ms":127.8240,"latency_p99_ms":215.7990},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":4313.2000,"transactions":129396,"latency_avg_ms":59.5541,"latency_stddev_ms":45.0162,"latency_p95_ms":149.2760,"latency_p99_ms":226.0620},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":4609.0667,"transactions":138272,"latency_avg_ms":55.5689,"latency_stddev_ms":39.3966,"latency_p95_ms":108.6230,"latency_p99_ms":224.1420},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":4723.7667,"transactions":141713,"latency_avg_ms":54.2101,"latency_stddev_ms":41.5587,"latency_p95_ms":122.4910,"latency_p99_ms":221.5270},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":4181.2667,"transactions":125438,"latency_avg_ms":61.2185,"latency_stddev_ms":47.6427,"latency_p95_ms":186.3360,"latency_p99_ms":238.7670},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":3984.1333,"transactions":119524,"latency_avg_ms":64.1225,"latency_stddev_ms":45.3265,"latency_p95_ms":161.5290,"latency_p99_ms":223.7780},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":4570.3333,"transactions":137110,"latency_avg_ms":56.0770,"latency_stddev_ms":42.3053,"latency_p95_ms":127.6970,"latency_p99_ms":225.3610},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":7.5000,"transactions":225,"latency_avg_ms":89.6797,"latency_stddev_ms":20.6438,"latency_p95_ms":118.7370,"latency_p99_ms":143.1860}]},{"run":2,"tps":4474.1867,"transactions":2684512,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":57.1778,"latency_stddev_ms":44.7785,"initial_connection_time_ms":426.864,"latency_p95_ms":134.4600,"latency_p99_ms":230.0670,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":4793.5333,"transactions":143806,"latency_avg_ms":52.0969,"latency_stddev_ms":38.5377,"latency_p95_ms":113.4780,"latency_p99_ms":212.0690},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":4111.3333,"transactions":123340,"latency_avg_ms":62.2900,"latency_stddev_ms":45.2485,"latency_p95_ms":162.3450,"latency_p99_ms":231.2130},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":4275.9000,"transactions":128277,"latency_avg_ms":59.8812,"latency_stddev_ms":45.2055,"latency_p95_ms":177.2830,"latency_p99_ms":225.8450},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":4464.8000,"transactions":133944,"latency_avg_ms":57.3508,"latency_stddev_ms":43.4070,"latency_p95_ms":135.0340,"latency_p99_ms":230.1800},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":4502.4000,"transactions":135072,"latency_avg_ms":56.8602,"latency_stddev_ms":46.6229,"latency_p95_ms":156.9240,"latency_p99_ms":274.5520},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":4158.9667,"transactions":124769,"latency_avg_ms":61.3993,"latency_stddev_ms":51.4338,"latency_p95_ms":151.0870,"latency_p99_ms":257.1880},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":4776.2667,"transactions":143288,"latency_avg_ms":53.7175,"latency_stddev_ms":41.9167,"latency_p95_ms":117.4660,"latency_p99_ms":224.4570},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":4572.2333,"transactions":137167,"latency_avg_ms":55.7160,"latency_stddev_ms":45.5465,"latency_p95_ms":127.3220,"latency_p99_ms":230.0650},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":4883.4333,"transactions":146503,"latency_avg_ms":52.6607,"latency_stddev_ms":36.9562,"latency_p95_ms":110.7280,"latency_p99_ms":212.6250},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":3756.9000,"transactions":112707,"latency_avg_ms":68.1500,"latency_stddev_ms":48.6842,"latency_p95_ms":192.8500,"latency_p99_ms":244.9210},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":4326.9333,"transactions":129808,"latency_avg_ms":59.1687,"latency_stddev_ms":47.2878,"latency_p95_ms":161.7200,"latency_p99_ms":235.2810},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":4787.1667,"transactions":143615,"latency_avg_ms":53.4803,"latency_stddev_ms":39.5955,"latency_p95_ms":115.5320,"latency_p99_ms":209.4060},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":4831.4000,"transactions":144942,"latency_avg_ms":52.9530,"latency_stddev_ms":39.4222,"latency_p95_ms":111.9080,"latency_p99_ms":214.7810},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":3962.8667,"transactions":118886,"latency_avg_ms":64.6088,"latency_stddev_ms":48.8188,"latency_p95_ms":181.4310,"latency_p99_ms":245.6930},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":4624.9333,"transactions":138748,"latency_avg_ms":55.3298,"latency_stddev_ms":50.8972,"latency_p95_ms":116.2780,"latency_p99_ms":319.0080},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":4691.5667,"transactions":140747,"latency_avg_ms":54.4077,"latency_stddev_ms":43.0804,"latency_p95_ms":114.0720,"latency_p99_ms":222.6810},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":4522.9333,"transactions":135688,"latency_avg_ms":56.7504,"latency_stddev_ms":43.5386,"latency_p95_ms":153.4650,"latency_p99_ms":214.6200},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":4226.9333,"transactions":126808,"latency_avg_ms":60.5355,"latency_stddev_ms":47.0662,"latency_p95_ms":153.3350,"latency_p99_ms":239.5070},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":4774.8000,"transactions":143244,"latency_avg_ms":53.6830,"latency_stddev_ms":41.6916,"latency_p95_ms":117.3660,"latency_p99_ms":216.4470},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":4382.3000,"transactions":131469,"latency_avg_ms":58.3894,"latency_stddev_ms":47.4924,"latency_p95_ms":166.4630,"latency_p99_ms":238.1870},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":56.1333,"transactions":1684,"latency_avg_ms":50.7699,"latency_stddev_ms":27.8701,"latency_p95_ms":94.4170,"latency_p99_ms":115.1710}]},{"run":3,"tps":4563.9950,"transactions":2733833,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":56.1471,"latency_stddev_ms":43.0520,"initial_connection_time_ms":417.525,"latency_p95_ms":123.6930,"latency_p99_ms":224.1490,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":5080.8667,"transactions":152426,"latency_avg_ms":50.5008,"latency_stddev_ms":38.8730,"latency_p95_ms":108.3160,"latency_p99_ms":212.7180},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":4268.4000,"transactions":128052,"latency_avg_ms":59.9880,"latency_stddev_ms":44.0558,"latency_p95_ms":165.6600,"latency_p99_ms":220.8960},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":5188.0667,"transactions":155642,"latency_avg_ms":49.2988,"latency_stddev_ms":37.0635,"latency_p95_ms":96.1970,"latency_p99_ms":205.4490},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":4212.9000,"transactions":126387,"latency_avg_ms":60.4915,"latency_stddev_ms":43.8929,"latency_p95_ms":138.4050,"latency_p99_ms":222.3650},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":4116.6333,"transactions":123499,"latency_avg_ms":62.4508,"latency_stddev_ms":46.9132,"latency_p95_ms":188.4330,"latency_p99_ms":232.1680},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":4829.2333,"transactions":144877,"latency_avg_ms":53.0680,"latency_stddev_ms":40.6079,"latency_p95_ms":109.7710,"latency_p99_ms":223.1160},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":4259.6667,"transactions":127790,"latency_avg_ms":60.0936,"latency_stddev_ms":48.4892,"latency_p95_ms":183.9150,"latency_p99_ms":268.3790},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":4684.5000,"transactions":140535,"latency_avg_ms":54.6491,"latency_stddev_ms":42.1728,"latency_p95_ms":124.0970,"latency_p99_ms":217.8150},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":4456.5667,"transactions":133697,"latency_avg_ms":57.4560,"latency_stddev_ms":45.2191,"latency_p95_ms":169.8240,"latency_p99_ms":231.4530},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":4432.6667,"transactions":132980,"latency_avg_ms":57.7237,"latency_stddev_ms":42.5949,"latency_p95_ms":130.8710,"latency_p99_ms":218.4250},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":4784.8667,"transactions":143546,"latency_avg_ms":53.4636,"latency_stddev_ms":38.7719,"latency_p95_ms":109.3700,"latency_p99_ms":214.3470},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":4493.8000,"transactions":134814,"latency_avg_ms":57.0131,"latency_stddev_ms":38.7570,"latency_p95_ms":120.7340,"latency_p99_ms":208.6040},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":4623.0333,"transactions":138691,"latency_avg_ms":55.3908,"latency_stddev_ms":46.8187,"latency_p95_ms":117.2560,"latency_p99_ms":311.6830},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":4073.0667,"transactions":122192,"latency_avg_ms":62.8268,"latency_stddev_ms":53.3954,"latency_p95_ms":184.4160,"latency_p99_ms":306.4050},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":5207.6000,"transactions":156228,"latency_avg_ms":49.1576,"latency_stddev_ms":33.6415,"latency_p95_ms":99.7130,"latency_p99_ms":198.8720},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":4510.9667,"transactions":135329,"latency_avg_ms":56.7484,"latency_stddev_ms":40.8800,"latency_p95_ms":121.6450,"latency_p99_ms":219.8520},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":4369.9000,"transactions":131097,"latency_avg_ms":58.5339,"latency_stddev_ms":44.7749,"latency_p95_ms":148.5610,"latency_p99_ms":227.2570},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":4557.1000,"transactions":136713,"latency_avg_ms":56.2120,"latency_stddev_ms":43.4253,"latency_p95_ms":126.5440,"latency_p99_ms":233.7870},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":4836.2000,"transactions":145086,"latency_avg_ms":52.9313,"latency_stddev_ms":39.2684,"latency_p95_ms":107.5240,"latency_p99_ms":213.0370},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":4141.7333,"transactions":124252,"latency_avg_ms":60.8729,"latency_stddev_ms":48.4937,"latency_p95_ms":166.4640,"latency_p99_ms":272.6400}]}],"source":"rds/results/rds_4cpu_16gb_6849_ha-1s-sync.json","ha_label":"HA – 1 standby – sync"}
,{"system":"AWS RDS","date":"2026-07-03","instance":{"type":"db.m8gd.xlarge","vcpus":4,"ram_gb":16,"instance_storage":"237 GB - NVMe","primary_storage":"1000 GB - GP3 (16K IOPS)"},"machine":"4vCPU, 16GB RAM","cluster_size":1,"tuned":"no","comment":"","cloud":"aws","region":"us-east-2","ha":{"label":"HA – 2 standbys – sync","mode":"sync","standbys":2,"live_settings":{"synchronous_commit":"on","synchronous_standby_names":"ANY 1 (\"rds_us_east_2_db_6bl5dzi3h7yixumht33n4kcc3i\",\"rds_us_east_2_db_65fikw4vtgjkfhnnk4iyfpothe\",\"rds_us_east_2_db_nebtg2t6jr4vqpozaf2kt7fzga\")"}},"postgres_version":"18.3","benchmark":{"tool":"pgbench","workload":"TPC-B (built-in)","scale_factor":6849,"clients":256,"threads":16,"duration":600,"query_mode":"prepared","interval_seconds":30},"load":{"load_time_seconds":969.339},"results":[{"run":1,"tps":4677.3967,"transactions":2806438,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":54.7066,"latency_stddev_ms":76.4453,"initial_connection_time_ms":450.767,"latency_p95_ms":211.1200,"latency_p99_ms":333.4110,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":5391.7333,"transactions":161752,"latency_avg_ms":47.1681,"latency_stddev_ms":30.1416,"latency_p95_ms":105.0920,"latency_p99_ms":151.0100},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":6121.5333,"transactions":183646,"latency_avg_ms":41.8255,"latency_stddev_ms":26.9183,"latency_p95_ms":93.1640,"latency_p99_ms":134.3570},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":5388.7667,"transactions":161663,"latency_avg_ms":47.2638,"latency_stddev_ms":40.0194,"latency_p95_ms":114.4090,"latency_p99_ms":208.2740},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":4299.5333,"transactions":128986,"latency_avg_ms":59.7423,"latency_stddev_ms":87.5945,"latency_p95_ms":229.7390,"latency_p99_ms":409.4630},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":4448.4333,"transactions":133453,"latency_avg_ms":57.5645,"latency_stddev_ms":83.7831,"latency_p95_ms":218.5690,"latency_p99_ms":343.5630},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":4238.8333,"transactions":127165,"latency_avg_ms":60.0626,"latency_stddev_ms":95.3891,"latency_p95_ms":229.3080,"latency_p99_ms":428.1710},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":4583.8000,"transactions":137514,"latency_avg_ms":56.1456,"latency_stddev_ms":84.8823,"latency_p95_ms":220.8340,"latency_p99_ms":387.5950},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":4604.3667,"transactions":138131,"latency_avg_ms":55.6732,"latency_stddev_ms":72.9015,"latency_p95_ms":214.8670,"latency_p99_ms":307.8690},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":4621.4000,"transactions":138642,"latency_avg_ms":55.3615,"latency_stddev_ms":74.5685,"latency_p95_ms":216.1270,"latency_p99_ms":319.5810},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":4495.8333,"transactions":134875,"latency_avg_ms":56.9433,"latency_stddev_ms":73.1106,"latency_p95_ms":217.8930,"latency_p99_ms":318.8730},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":4437.8333,"transactions":133135,"latency_avg_ms":57.6058,"latency_stddev_ms":76.1313,"latency_p95_ms":221.8020,"latency_p99_ms":339.1680},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":4395.7000,"transactions":131871,"latency_avg_ms":58.3069,"latency_stddev_ms":78.1059,"latency_p95_ms":224.6660,"latency_p99_ms":349.9850},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":4674.0000,"transactions":140220,"latency_avg_ms":54.7220,"latency_stddev_ms":96.9742,"latency_p95_ms":214.3110,"latency_p99_ms":342.1430},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":4719.3667,"transactions":141581,"latency_avg_ms":54.1590,"latency_stddev_ms":83.3389,"latency_p95_ms":215.7860,"latency_p99_ms":398.2650},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":4603.4667,"transactions":138104,"latency_avg_ms":55.6675,"latency_stddev_ms":75.3624,"latency_p95_ms":219.6750,"latency_p99_ms":347.8740},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":4493.5000,"transactions":134805,"latency_avg_ms":57.0580,"latency_stddev_ms":76.9669,"latency_p95_ms":220.4700,"latency_p99_ms":354.7540},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":4558.7667,"transactions":136763,"latency_avg_ms":56.0185,"latency_stddev_ms":73.0035,"latency_p95_ms":218.1240,"latency_p99_ms":324.6980},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":4435.1667,"transactions":133055,"latency_avg_ms":57.8196,"latency_stddev_ms":78.7781,"latency_p95_ms":220.8930,"latency_p99_ms":352.4020},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":4457.9333,"transactions":133738,"latency_avg_ms":57.3788,"latency_stddev_ms":79.1221,"latency_p95_ms":222.3710,"latency_p99_ms":357.8340},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":4574.4667,"transactions":137234,"latency_avg_ms":55.5512,"latency_stddev_ms":108.6294,"latency_p95_ms":214.5280,"latency_p99_ms":331.9620},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":3.5000,"transactions":105,"latency_avg_ms":532.5057,"latency_stddev_ms":93.6386,"latency_p95_ms":718.8920,"latency_p99_ms":787.4040}]},{"run":2,"tps":4767.1283,"transactions":2860277,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":53.6738,"latency_stddev_ms":72.2602,"initial_connection_time_ms":501.193,"latency_p95_ms":213.9510,"latency_p99_ms":324.9930,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":5867.0333,"transactions":176011,"latency_avg_ms":42.4686,"latency_stddev_ms":25.1015,"latency_p95_ms":87.9710,"latency_p99_ms":128.1410},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":5131.5333,"transactions":153946,"latency_avg_ms":49.8614,"latency_stddev_ms":62.3506,"latency_p95_ms":181.6950,"latency_p99_ms":279.0270},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":4692.3333,"transactions":140770,"latency_avg_ms":54.4976,"latency_stddev_ms":74.3205,"latency_p95_ms":217.3310,"latency_p99_ms":329.0720},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":4720.5333,"transactions":141616,"latency_avg_ms":54.1966,"latency_stddev_ms":69.7980,"latency_p95_ms":214.6400,"latency_p99_ms":312.2390},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":4603.8000,"transactions":138114,"latency_avg_ms":55.6139,"latency_stddev_ms":74.5814,"latency_p95_ms":218.6360,"latency_p99_ms":334.2540},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":4507.4667,"transactions":135224,"latency_avg_ms":56.8716,"latency_stddev_ms":78.0176,"latency_p95_ms":221.0270,"latency_p99_ms":341.4990},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":4485.1333,"transactions":134554,"latency_avg_ms":57.0149,"latency_stddev_ms":77.2711,"latency_p95_ms":223.0600,"latency_p99_ms":341.9630},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":4603.5667,"transactions":138107,"latency_avg_ms":55.6539,"latency_stddev_ms":83.6266,"latency_p95_ms":217.0710,"latency_p99_ms":325.9850},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":4852.1333,"transactions":145564,"latency_avg_ms":52.7171,"latency_stddev_ms":72.8059,"latency_p95_ms":215.1050,"latency_p99_ms":323.0590},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":4768.7667,"transactions":143063,"latency_avg_ms":53.6955,"latency_stddev_ms":74.6767,"latency_p95_ms":218.3050,"latency_p99_ms":351.4370},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":4664.5667,"transactions":139937,"latency_avg_ms":54.8694,"latency_stddev_ms":72.1352,"latency_p95_ms":219.1780,"latency_p99_ms":322.9000},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":4645.2000,"transactions":139356,"latency_avg_ms":55.0444,"latency_stddev_ms":75.2602,"latency_p95_ms":217.3480,"latency_p99_ms":327.8910},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":4715.7667,"transactions":141473,"latency_avg_ms":54.3566,"latency_stddev_ms":72.8139,"latency_p95_ms":216.5280,"latency_p99_ms":322.1650},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":4676.6333,"transactions":140299,"latency_avg_ms":54.7529,"latency_stddev_ms":73.1836,"latency_p95_ms":218.5120,"latency_p99_ms":331.4000},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":4619.3000,"transactions":138579,"latency_avg_ms":55.4428,"latency_stddev_ms":78.0889,"latency_p95_ms":219.9820,"latency_p99_ms":342.3750},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":4683.4667,"transactions":140504,"latency_avg_ms":54.6282,"latency_stddev_ms":75.0354,"latency_p95_ms":219.6130,"latency_p99_ms":346.6910},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":4791.8000,"transactions":143754,"latency_avg_ms":53.4530,"latency_stddev_ms":72.3123,"latency_p95_ms":214.7920,"latency_p99_ms":323.9280},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":4838.1000,"transactions":145143,"latency_avg_ms":52.8218,"latency_stddev_ms":74.4627,"latency_p95_ms":216.7530,"latency_p99_ms":347.5510},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":4831.2000,"transactions":144936,"latency_avg_ms":53.0222,"latency_stddev_ms":73.8603,"latency_p95_ms":214.6910,"latency_p99_ms":333.7980},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":4597.1333,"transactions":137914,"latency_avg_ms":55.6958,"latency_stddev_ms":74.2425,"latency_p95_ms":217.5580,"latency_p99_ms":323.6850},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":47.1000,"transactions":1413,"latency_avg_ms":101.3942,"latency_stddev_ms":150.5986,"latency_p95_ms":432.1890,"latency_p99_ms":696.6870}]},{"run":3,"tps":4965.1600,"transactions":2979096,"failed_transactions":0,"latency_avg_ms":51.5259,"latency_stddev_ms":63.5773,"initial_connection_time_ms":463.814,"latency_p95_ms":198.7190,"latency_p99_ms":287.8180,"interval_seconds":30,"timeseries":[{"interval":0,"elapsed_s":0,"tps":5787.9333,"transactions":173638,"latency_avg_ms":43.4064,"latency_stddev_ms":28.6505,"latency_p95_ms":96.9050,"latency_p99_ms":145.1410},{"interval":1,"elapsed_s":30,"tps":4887.3333,"transactions":146620,"latency_avg_ms":52.3706,"latency_stddev_ms":33.1292,"latency_p95_ms":115.3200,"latency_p99_ms":162.3460},{"interval":2,"elapsed_s":60,"tps":4911.5000,"transactions":147345,"latency_avg_ms":52.1213,"latency_stddev_ms":36.6534,"latency_p95_ms":123.7640,"latency_p99_ms":179.1290},{"interval":3,"elapsed_s":90,"tps":5817.2667,"transactions":174518,"latency_avg_ms":44.0011,"latency_stddev_ms":29.3198,"latency_p95_ms":98.3480,"latency_p99_ms":140.6020},{"interval":4,"elapsed_s":120,"tps":5060.7000,"transactions":151821,"latency_avg_ms":50.5254,"latency_stddev_ms":64.4314,"latency_p95_ms":200.3510,"latency_p99_ms":298.0860},{"interval":5,"elapsed_s":150,"tps":4880.3333,"transactions":146410,"latency_avg_ms":52.4814,"latency_stddev_ms":65.4699,"latency_p95_ms":208.7910,"latency_p99_ms":287.0800},{"interval":6,"elapsed_s":180,"tps":4884.7000,"transactions":146541,"latency_avg_ms":52.3480,"latency_stddev_ms":68.6203,"latency_p95_ms":210.7020,"latency_p99_ms":297.0080},{"interval":7,"elapsed_s":210,"tps":4855.3000,"transactions":145659,"latency_avg_ms":52.7856,"latency_stddev_ms":71.5519,"latency_p95_ms":210.5810,"latency_p99_ms":305.2330},{"interval":8,"elapsed_s":240,"tps":4837.4667,"transactions":145124,"latency_avg_ms":52.8397,"latency_stddev_ms":74.7922,"latency_p95_ms":213.6880,"latency_p99_ms":330.6540},{"interval":9,"elapsed_s":270,"tps":4758.6333,"transactions":142759,"latency_avg_ms":53.8756,"latency_stddev_ms":72.5707,"latency_p95_ms":216.3280,"latency_p99_ms":330.2390},{"interval":10,"elapsed_s":300,"tps":4644.2333,"transactions":139327,"latency_avg_ms":55.0348,"latency_stddev_ms":72.8796,"latency_p95_ms":218.7960,"latency_p99_ms":329.4920},{"interval":11,"elapsed_s":330,"tps":4814.6667,"transactions":144440,"latency_avg_ms":53.2359,"latency_stddev_ms":69.1301,"latency_p95_ms":214.2530,"latency_p99_ms":308.3600},{"interval":12,"elapsed_s":360,"tps":4949.1667,"transactions":148475,"latency_avg_ms":51.7051,"latency_stddev_ms":68.8794,"latency_p95_ms":210.7430,"latency_p99_ms":309.2130},{"interval":13,"elapsed_s":390,"tps":4904.1333,"transactions":147124,"latency_avg_ms":52.1791,"latency_stddev_ms":71.4833,"latency_p95_ms":213.3550,"latency_p99_ms":324.8420},{"interval":14,"elapsed_s":420,"tps":4800.3333,"transactions":144010,"latency_avg_ms":53.3596,"latency_stddev_ms":67.7860,"latency_p95_ms":212.7420,"latency_p99_ms":294.0070},{"interval":15,"elapsed_s":450,"tps":4859.5667,"transactions":145787,"latency_avg_ms":52.6830,"latency_stddev_ms":67.4752,"latency_p95_ms":212.0670,"latency_p99_ms":296.9640},{"interval":16,"elapsed_s":480,"tps":5063.5000,"transactions":151905,"latency_avg_ms":50.5637,"latency_stddev_ms":64.5435,"latency_p95_ms":204.5910,"latency_p99_ms":281.0420},{"interval":17,"elapsed_s":510,"tps":4944.7000,"transactions":148341,"latency_avg_ms":51.7203,"latency_stddev_ms":67.8833,"latency_p95_ms":210.6390,"latency_p99_ms":305.2830},{"interval":18,"elapsed_s":540,"tps":4854.0667,"transactions":145622,"latency_avg_ms":52.7163,"latency_stddev_ms":72.8064,"latency_p95_ms":213.6650,"latency_p99_ms":335.6000},{"interval":19,"elapsed_s":570,"tps":4776.9333,"transactions":143308,"latency_avg_ms":53.5784,"latency_stddev_ms":74.0254,"latency_p95_ms":216.2590,"latency_p99_ms":339.7060},{"interval":20,"elapsed_s":600,"tps":10.7333,"transactions":322,"latency_avg_ms":212.8736,"latency_stddev_ms":194.0780,"latency_p95_ms":692.2230,"latency_p99_ms":905.7450}]}],"source":"rds/results/rds_4cpu_16gb_6849_ha-2s-sync.json","ha_label":"HA – 2 standbys – sync"}
];