Create delta table database types (DatabricksSQL)

[carmonexus]

In Databricks Delta Table, the supported column types are the same as those in Apache Spark, since Delta Lake is built on Spark.

Supported Data Types in Delta Table:

1. Primitive Types

   Integer Numeric Types:
   BYTE (8-bit, -128 to 127)
   SHORT (16-bit, -32,768 to 32,767)
   INT or INTEGER (32-bit, ~ -2 billion to 2 billion)
   LONG (64-bit, -2⁶³ to 2⁶³-1)

   Floating-Point Numeric Types:
   FLOAT (32-bit, single precision)
   DOUBLE (64-bit, double precision)

   Fixed-Precision Numeric Types:
   DECIMAL(precision, scale) or NUMERIC (up to 38 digits of precision)

   Boolean Type:
   BOOLEAN (true/false)

   Text and String Types:
   STRING (variable-length character sequence)

   Date and Time Types:
   DATE (date only, no time)
   TIMESTAMP (date and time with microsecond precision)

2. Complex Types

   Array: ARRAY (list of values of type T)
   Map: MAP<K, V> (key-value pairs)
   Struct: STRUCT<field1: type1, field2: type2, ...> (nested structure)

3. Advanced Types

   Binary: BINARY (arbitrary binary data)

   Intervals:
   INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH
   INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND

4. Example: Creating a Delta Table with Different Column Types
   sql

   CREATE TABLE my_delta_table (
   id INT,
   name STRING,
   age SHORT,
   salary DECIMAL(10,2),
   is_active BOOLEAN,
   created_at TIMESTAMP,
   metadata STRUCT<source: STRING, version: INT>,
   tags ARRAY,
   properties MAP<STRING, STRING>
   ) USING DELTA;

The supported types ensure that Delta Tables can store and handle structured, semi-structured, and even binary data, making them highly flexible for both analytical and transactional use cases.

Links:
https://docs.delta.io/latest/delta-intro.html
https://parquet.apache.org/docs/file-format/types/