accuracy — 5.2, 11.0
arc length — 2.2, 3.2, 4.2, 5.5
arc length, offset curve — 5.2
angle point — 8.2.1.1
asymmetric parabolic arc — A.4.4
authoring versus consuming — 10.5.3
Axis (coordinate vector) — 4.1.2, 8.3.1
banking — see cant
Bloss transition curve
horizontal — 2.8, 2.8.1–2.8.3
cant — 4.6, 4.6.1–4.6.3
testset — 12.3.1, 12.3.3
breaklines — 10.3.1
cant alignment — 1.3, 4.0–4.12
cant coordinate system — 4.1.2
cant transition — 4.1.1, 4.1.3
CartesianPosition — 8.4
chainage — see DistanceAlong
circular arc
horizontal — 2.4, 2.4.1–2.4.3
vertical — 3.4, 3.4.1–3.4.3
LandXML — A.3.3, A.4.5
Clothoid (Euler spiral)
horizontal — 2.5, 2.5.1–2.5.3
vertical — 3.5
testset — 12.3.1, 12.3.3
closing segment — see zero-length segment
combined 3D alignment — 3.7, 4.10
concept template — 7.1, 7.3
constant cant — 4.3, 4.3.1–4.3.3
constant gradient — 3.3, 3.3.1–3.3.3
coordinate system
cant — 4.1.2
placement — 8.3
Cosine transition curve
horizontal — 2.9, 2.9.1–2.9.3
cant — 4.7, 4.7.1–4.7.3
testset — 12.3.1, 12.3.3
cross-section — 10.0–10.5
cross-track direction — 4.1.2
cubic transition curve — 2.6, 2.6.1–2.6.3
curvature — 2.2, Notation
curve segment evaluation algorithm
horizontal — 2.2
vertical — 3.2
cant — 4.2
default Axis direction — 8.3.2, 10.5.6
deviating elevation — 4.0, 4.1.2, Notation
directrix — 10.3, 10.4, 10.5
DistanceAlong — 8.2.1, 8.2.2, 9.2.5
DistanceAlong, station conversion — 8.2.2, 9.2.5, 9.2.6, A.4.6
edge of pavement — 5.0, 10.2
EnrichIfc4x3 — 4.11
Euler spiral — see Clothoid
example models
offset curves — 5.5
linear placement — 8.3.3
sectioned surfaces — 10.6.1
sectioned solids — 10.6.2
fallback Cartesian position — 8.4
Fresnel integrals — 2.5.1
gap equation — 9.2.3
gap, station undefined — 9.2.5, 9.2.6
geometric representation — 1.5, 2.1
grade — 3.3, Notation
grade-separated crossing — 9.5.2
guide curve — 10.2, 10.3, 10.5
Helmert transition curve
horizontal — 2.7, 2.7.1–2.7.3
cant — 4.5, 4.5.1–4.5.3
testset — 12.3.1, 12.3.3
horizontal alignment — 1.1, 2.0–2.13
IFC105 validation rule — 5.1, 10.5.2
IfcAlignment — 1.0, 1.4, 1.5, 5.2, 7.1
IfcAlignmentCant — 1.3, 4.0
IfcAlignmentHorizontal — 1.1, 2.0, 2.1
IfcAlignmentSegment — 1.4, 1.5.2
IfcAlignmentVertical — 1.2, 3.0, 3.1
IfcAxis2PlacementLinear — 8.2, 8.3
IfcCircle
horizontal — 2.4, 2.4.1
vertical — 3.4, 3.4.1
IfcCompositeCurve — 1.5, 1.5.1, 2.1
IfcConnectionPointEccentricity — 9.5.2
IfcConnectionPointGeometry — 9.5.2
IfcCurveSegment — 1.5, 1.5.2
IfcGradientCurve — 1.5.1, 3.7, 8.3.3
IfcIndexedPolyCurve — 6.1
IfcInterferenceSelect — 9.5.2
IfcLine
horizontal — 2.3, 2.3.1
vertical — 3.3, 3.3.1
IfcLinearPlacement — 8.2, 8.5
IfcOffsetCurveByDistances — 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 8.5
IfcPointByDistanceExpression — 5.0, 8.2
IfcPolyline — 6.1
IfcPolynomialCurve — 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 2.10, 2.11
IfcRailway — 9.5.2
IfcReferent — 9.1, 9.3, 9.3.4, 9.4, 9.5
IfcRelInterferesElements — 9.5.2
IfcRelNests — 9.3.1, 9.3.2, 9.3.4
IfcRelPositions — 9.4.1, 9.4.2, 9.5
IfcRelReferencedInSpatialStructure — 9.5.2
IfcRoad — 9.5.2
IfcSectionedSolidHorizontal — 10.4, 10.4.1, 10.6.2
IfcSectionedSurface — 10.3, 10.3.1, 10.3.2, 10.6.1
IfcSegmentedReferenceCurve — 1.5.1, 4.0, 4.2
implementation checklist
horizontal — 2.13
vertical — 3.9
cant — 4.13
linear placement — 8.7
referents and stationing — 9.6
implementation questions — 7.2
ImpliedOrder — 9.5.2
infinite radius — A.3.6
InterferenceType — 9.5.2
INTERSECTION referent — 9.5, 9.5.1
interpolation, offset values — 5.3
ISO 19148 — 8.6, 9.5.1
key-point referent — 9.3.4
horizontal (P.O.B., P.C., P.T., P.O.E.) — 9.3.4.1
vertical (V.P.O.B., P.V.C., P.V.T., V.P.O.E.) — 9.3.4.1
LandXML — Appendix A
horizontal mapping — A.3
vertical mapping — A.4
cant mapping — A.5
stationing — A.6
lane striping — 5.0
linear placement — 8.0–8.7
linear referencing — 8.6
linear transition (cant) — 4.4, 4.4.1–4.4.3
live model management — 7.3
matrix composition
horizontal — 2.2
vertical — 3.2
cant — 4.2
mixed-nesting problem — 9.3.2
notation — Notation chapter
offset curves — 5.0–5.5
offset sign convention — 5.1
OffsetLateral — 5.2, 8.2.1, 8.5.2
OffsetLongitudinal — 8.2.1.1
OffsetVertical — 8.2.1
overlap equation — 9.2.4
overlap, station ambiguity — 9.2.6
parabolic arc — 3.6, 3.6.1–3.6.3
LandXML — A.4.3, A.4.4
parent curve — 1.5.2, 2.1
parent/child structure — 7.1.1
PlacementRelTo — 8.1.2, 8.3.3
precision — 11.0
Product Relative Positioning — 9.4.1
Product Span Positioning — 9.4.2
profile (cross-section) — 10.1
profile orientation — 10.5.7
Pset_LinearReferencingMethod — 8.6.2, 8.6.3, 8.6.4
Pset_Stationing — 9.3.1, 9.3.4
PVI (point of vertical intersection) — 9.3.4, A.4.2
radius sign convention — 2.1, A.3.5
real-world alignments (testset) — 9.3.4.1, 12.3.4
reference coordinates — 12.2.4, 12.4
referent ordering — 9.3.1
referent placement (ObjectPlacement) — 9.3.3
representation scoping — 10.5.2
retaining wall — 10.6.2.4
RefDirection — 4.1.2, 8.3.1
rotation point — A.5.4
sectioned surfaces and solids — 10.0–10.6
specification gaps — 10.5
segment mapping — 1.6, 2.3.2, 2.4.2, 2.5.2, 2.6.2, 2.7.2, 2.8.2, 2.9.2, 2.10.2, 2.11.2
semantic definition — 1.4, 2.1
semantic vs. geometric — 1.4, 1.5, 9.4
sibling representation — 10.5.1, 10.5.2
sign convention
curvature — 2.1
offset — 5.0
radius (LandXML) — A.3.5
Sine transition curve
horizontal — 2.10, 2.10.1–2.10.3
cant — 4.8, 4.8.1–4.8.3
testset — 12.3.1, 12.3.3
spiral — see transition curves
start station — 9.2.1, A.6.1
station equations — 9.2.2–9.2.6, A.6.2
stationing — 9.2, 9.3.1, A.6
stringlines — 10.2, 10.3.2, 10.6.1.4–10.6.1.6, 10.6.2.5, 10.6.2.6
superelevation — see cant
Tag attribute — 5.4, 10.3
tangent direction — 4.1.2
testset — 12.1–12.5
file naming — 12.2
horizontal test cases — 12.3.1
vertical test cases — 12.3.2
cant test cases — 12.3.3
real-world cases — 12.3.4
validation guidance — 12.5
tolerance — 11.0
transition curves — 2.5–2.11
see also individual curve types
two-level placement — 2.7.2
units of measure — 1.7, 12.2.1, A.2
unreachable points — 8.2.1.1
validation — 5.1, 12.5
vertical alignment — 1.2, 3.0–3.8
Viennese Bend (VienneseBend)
horizontal — 2.11, 2.11.1–2.11.3
cant — 4.9, 4.9.1–4.9.3
testset — 12.3.1, 12.3.3
workflow, alignment reuse — 7.3, 7.3.1
zero-length segment — 2.12, 2.12.1–2.12.2