diff --git a/SerialPrograms/Source/CommonFramework/GlobalSettingsPanel.cpp b/SerialPrograms/Source/CommonFramework/GlobalSettingsPanel.cpp
index 3aac7870f0..bb8a5cf7fa 100644
--- a/SerialPrograms/Source/CommonFramework/GlobalSettingsPanel.cpp
+++ b/SerialPrograms/Source/CommonFramework/GlobalSettingsPanel.cpp
@@ -154,9 +154,12 @@ GlobalSettings::GlobalSettings()
         "WARNING: If you change the OCR library away from the default (PaddleOCR), you must ensure that you have the necessary resource downloaded. "
         "Otherwise, the programs that use OCR will throw an error."
     )
-    , USE_GPU_FOR_ML_INFERENCE(
+    , USE_GPU_FOR_ML_INFERENCE0(
         "<b>Use GPU for Machine learning inference:</b><br>"
-        "Use the GPU by default for machine learning. Will fall-back to CPU if using the GPU fails.",
+        "Use the GPU by default for machine learning. Will fall-back to CPU if using the GPU fails.<br>"
+        "<font color=\"red\">WARNING: DirectML ONNX on Windows is not threadsafe. Using multithreaded PaddleOCR with DirectML will cause a crash with our current infra. "
+        "Furthermore, with PaddleOCR, DirectML is slower than using the CPU. With other models, such as SAM, DirectML seems to be ~10% "
+        "faster than the CPU. Cuda has not been tested.</font>",
         LockMode::UNLOCK_WHILE_RUNNING,
         false
     )
@@ -281,10 +284,10 @@ GlobalSettings::GlobalSettings()
     PA_ADD_OPTION(STATS_FILE);
     PA_ADD_OPTION(TEMP_FOLDER);
     PA_ADD_OPTION(THEME);
-    PA_ADD_OPTION(USE_GPU_FOR_ML_INFERENCE);
+    PA_ADD_OPTION(OCR_LIBRARY);
 
     // gated behind Dev mode. see GlobalSettings::load_json
-    PA_ADD_OPTION(OCR_LIBRARY);
+    PA_ADD_OPTION(USE_GPU_FOR_ML_INFERENCE0);
     // PA_ADD_OPTION(OCR_WARNING); // TODO: enable this when Tesseract is no longer a default resource.
     PA_ADD_OPTION(RESOURCE_DOWNLOAD_TABLE);
     PA_ADD_OPTION(DOWNLOAD_ERROR);
@@ -334,7 +337,7 @@ GlobalSettings::GlobalSettings()
 
     PA_ADD_OPTION(DEVELOPER_TOKEN);
 
-    OCR_LIBRARY.set_visibility(ConfigOptionState::HIDDEN);
+    USE_GPU_FOR_ML_INFERENCE0.set_visibility(ConfigOptionState::HIDDEN);
     RESOURCE_DOWNLOAD_TABLE.set_visibility(ConfigOptionState::HIDDEN);
     DOWNLOAD_ERROR.set_visibility(ConfigOptionState::HIDDEN);
     SAVE_DEBUG_VIDEOS_ON_SWITCH.set_visibility(ConfigOptionState::HIDDEN);
@@ -358,7 +361,7 @@ void GlobalSettings::load_json(const JsonValue& json){
     ConfigOptionState devmode_visibility = developer_mode
         ? ConfigOptionState::ENABLED
         : ConfigOptionState::HIDDEN;
-    OCR_LIBRARY.set_visibility(devmode_visibility);
+    USE_GPU_FOR_ML_INFERENCE0.set_visibility(devmode_visibility);
     RESOURCE_DOWNLOAD_TABLE.set_visibility(devmode_visibility);
     DOWNLOAD_ERROR.set_visibility(devmode_visibility);
     SAVE_DEBUG_VIDEOS_ON_SWITCH.set_visibility(devmode_visibility);
diff --git a/SerialPrograms/Source/CommonFramework/GlobalSettingsPanel.h b/SerialPrograms/Source/CommonFramework/GlobalSettingsPanel.h
index 398f680b01..bec30ab408 100644
--- a/SerialPrograms/Source/CommonFramework/GlobalSettingsPanel.h
+++ b/SerialPrograms/Source/CommonFramework/GlobalSettingsPanel.h
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class GlobalSettings : public BatchOption, private ConfigOption::Listener, priva
     Pimpl<ThemeSelectorOption> THEME;
     EnumDropdownOption<OcrLibrary> OCR_LIBRARY;
     StaticTextOption OCR_WARNING;
-    BooleanCheckBoxOption USE_GPU_FOR_ML_INFERENCE;
+    BooleanCheckBoxOption USE_GPU_FOR_ML_INFERENCE0;
     SettingsResourceDownloadTable RESOURCE_DOWNLOAD_TABLE;
     SettingsDownloadError DOWNLOAD_ERROR;
     Pimpl<ResolutionOption> WINDOW_SIZE;
diff --git a/SerialPrograms/Source/ML/Inference/ML_PaddleOCRPipeline.cpp b/SerialPrograms/Source/ML/Inference/ML_PaddleOCRPipeline.cpp
index fbe0f98797..379260233e 100644
--- a/SerialPrograms/Source/ML/Inference/ML_PaddleOCRPipeline.cpp
+++ b/SerialPrograms/Source/ML/Inference/ML_PaddleOCRPipeline.cpp
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ PaddleOCRPipeline::PaddleOCRPipeline(Language language)
 PaddleOCRPipeline::PaddleOCRPipeline(Language language, std::string rec_path, std::string dict_path)
     : m_env{create_ORT_env()}
     // , det_session(env, std::wstring(det_path.begin(), det_path.end()).c_str(), Ort::SessionOptions{})
-    , m_rec_session(create_session(m_env, rec_path, ML_MODEL_CACHE_PATH() + "PaddleOCRPipeline/", GlobalSettings::instance().USE_GPU_FOR_ML_INFERENCE))
+    , m_rec_session(create_session(m_env, rec_path, ML_MODEL_CACHE_PATH() + "PaddleOCRPipeline/", GlobalSettings::instance().USE_GPU_FOR_ML_INFERENCE0))
     // , memory_info(Ort::MemoryInfo::CreateCpu(OrtArenaAllocator, OrtMemTypeDefault)) 
     , m_language(language)
     , m_input_name(m_rec_session.GetInputNameAllocated(0, Ort::AllocatorWithDefaultOptions{}).get())
diff --git a/SerialPrograms/Source/ML/Inference/ML_YOLOv5Detector.cpp b/SerialPrograms/Source/ML/Inference/ML_YOLOv5Detector.cpp
index 6fb47c6335..a1231ca5f7 100644
--- a/SerialPrograms/Source/ML/Inference/ML_YOLOv5Detector.cpp
+++ b/SerialPrograms/Source/ML/Inference/ML_YOLOv5Detector.cpp
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ YOLOv5Detector::~YOLOv5Detector() = default;
 
 YOLOv5Detector::YOLOv5Detector(const std::string& model_path)
     : m_model_path(to_resource_filepath(model_path))
-    , m_use_gpu(GlobalSettings::instance().USE_GPU_FOR_ML_INFERENCE)
+    , m_use_gpu(GlobalSettings::instance().USE_GPU_FOR_ML_INFERENCE0)
 {
     if (!model_path.ends_with(".onnx")){
         throw InternalProgramError(nullptr, PA_CURRENT_FUNCTION, 
diff --git a/SerialPrograms/Source/ML/Programs/ML_LabelImages.cpp b/SerialPrograms/Source/ML/Programs/ML_LabelImages.cpp
index 0109dbd413..204df2a16a 100644
--- a/SerialPrograms/Source/ML/Programs/ML_LabelImages.cpp
+++ b/SerialPrograms/Source/ML/Programs/ML_LabelImages.cpp
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ LabelImages::LabelImages(const LabelImages_Descriptor& descriptor)
     : PanelInstance(descriptor)
     , m_display_session(m_display_option)
     , m_options(LockMode::UNLOCK_WHILE_RUNNING)
-    , m_use_gpu_for_sam_anno(GlobalSettings::instance().USE_GPU_FOR_ML_INFERENCE)
+    , m_use_gpu_for_sam_anno(GlobalSettings::instance().USE_GPU_FOR_ML_INFERENCE0)
     , X("<b>X Coordinate:</b>", LockMode::UNLOCK_WHILE_RUNNING, 0.3, 0.0, 1.0)
     , Y("<b>Y Coordinate:</b>", LockMode::UNLOCK_WHILE_RUNNING, 0.3, 0.0, 1.0)
     , WIDTH("<b>Width:</b>", LockMode::UNLOCK_WHILE_RUNNING, 0.4, 0.0, 1.0)
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ LabelImages::LabelImages(const LabelImages_Descriptor& descriptor)
 
 
 
-    init_sam_session(GlobalSettings::instance().USE_GPU_FOR_ML_INFERENCE);
+    init_sam_session(GlobalSettings::instance().USE_GPU_FOR_ML_INFERENCE0);
 
     m_overlay_manager = new LabelImages_OverlayManager(*this);
 }
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ void LabelImages::remove_segmentation_exclusion_point(double x, double y){
 void LabelImages::compute_embeddings_for_folder(const std::string& image_folder_path){
     std::string embedding_model_path = RESOURCE_PATH() + "ML/sam_embedder_cpu.onnx";
     std::cout << "Use SAM Embedding model " << embedding_model_path << std::endl;
-    ML::compute_embeddings_for_folder(embedding_model_path, image_folder_path, GlobalSettings::instance().USE_GPU_FOR_ML_INFERENCE);
+    ML::compute_embeddings_for_folder(embedding_model_path, image_folder_path, GlobalSettings::instance().USE_GPU_FOR_ML_INFERENCE0);
 }
 
 void LabelImages::delete_selected_annotation(){