From 5f2933dfe73b7adfb96c9685c8768346685ad133 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: BonsUnleashed <dialectikproductions@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 4 Oct 2026 04:58:02 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] Use a stable radix sort for larger translucent quad batches

---
 .../sodium/client/util/sorting/RadixSort.java | 89 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../client/util/sorting/VertexSorters.java    |  3 +-
 2 files changed, 91 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 src/main/java/me/jellysquid/mods/sodium/client/util/sorting/RadixSort.java

diff --git a/src/main/java/me/jellysquid/mods/sodium/client/util/sorting/RadixSort.java b/src/main/java/me/jellysquid/mods/sodium/client/util/sorting/RadixSort.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2785118f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/me/jellysquid/mods/sodium/client/util/sorting/RadixSort.java
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package me.jellysquid.mods.sodium.client.util.sorting;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+/** Stable descending sort of float keys, preserving the merge sort's treatment of signed zero. */
+final class RadixSort {
+    private static final int SCRATCH_MAX = 1 << 16;
+    private static final ThreadLocal<Scratch> SCRATCH = ThreadLocal.withInitial(Scratch::new);
+
+    private RadixSort() {
+    }
+
+    /** Reused packed-key arrays and digit counts of one thread (the sort calls nothing outside this class). */
+    private static final class Scratch {
+        long[] a = new long[0], b = new long[0];
+        final int[] counts = new int[4 * 256];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The quad order Embeddium's MergeSort.mergeSort(keys) returns (indices, far quads first, ties in input order), or
+     * null when a key is NaN (then the caller runs Embeddium's sort). Arrays shorter than 64 elements are also left to the
+     * caller.
+     */
+    public static int[] sort(float[] keys) {
+        int n = keys.length;
+        if (n < 64) return null;
+        Scratch s = n <= SCRATCH_MAX ? SCRATCH.get() : new Scratch();
+        long[] a = s.a;
+        if (a.length < n) s.a = a = new long[Math.max(n, Math.min(SCRATCH_MAX, a.length * 2))];
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            float k = keys[i];
+            if (k != k) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            a[i] = ((long) descendingKey(k) << 32) | i;
+        }
+        if (s.b.length < a.length) s.b = new long[a.length];
+        a = radix(a, s.b, s.counts, n);
+        int[] out = new int[n];
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) out[i] = (int) a[i];
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 32-bit pattern whose unsigned order is the descending numeric order of non-NaN floats; -0.0 and +0.0 map to the
+     * same pattern (Embeddium's comparisons treat them as equal).
+     */
+    static int descendingKey(float k) {
+        int b = k == 0.0f ? 0 : Float.floatToRawIntBits(k);
+        return ~(b ^ ((b >> 31) | 0x80000000));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stable LSD radix sort of a[0..n) by the high 32 bits (unsigned), 8 bits per pass, b as the other buffer; returns
+     * the array (a or b) that holds the sorted run.
+     */
+    private static long[] radix(long[] a, long[] b, int[] counts, int n) {
+        Arrays.fill(counts, 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            int d = (int) (a[i] >>> 32);
+            counts[d & 0xFF]++;
+            counts[256 + ((d >>> 8) & 0xFF)]++;
+            counts[512 + ((d >>> 16) & 0xFF)]++;
+            counts[768 + (d >>> 24)]++;
+        }
+        for (int pass = 0; pass < 4; pass++) {
+            int base = pass * 256;
+            int shift = 32 + pass * 8;
+            // a digit that every key shares leaves the order unchanged: skip the pass
+            int first = (int) ((a[0] >>> shift) & 0xFF);
+            if (counts[base + first] == n) continue;
+            int sum = 0;
+            for (int i = base; i < base + 256; i++) {
+                int t = counts[i];
+                counts[i] = sum;
+                sum += t;
+            }
+            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                long v = a[i];
+                b[counts[base + (int) ((v >>> shift) & 0xFF)]++] = v;
+            }
+            long[] t = a;
+            a = b;
+            b = t;
+        }
+        return a;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/me/jellysquid/mods/sodium/client/util/sorting/VertexSorters.java b/src/main/java/me/jellysquid/mods/sodium/client/util/sorting/VertexSorters.java
index b6ce8db4a..ed9b97346 100644
--- a/src/main/java/me/jellysquid/mods/sodium/client/util/sorting/VertexSorters.java
+++ b/src/main/java/me/jellysquid/mods/sodium/client/util/sorting/VertexSorters.java
@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@ private int[] mergeSort(Vector3f[] positions) {
                 keys[index] = this.getKey(positions[index]);
             }
 
-            return MergeSort.mergeSort(keys);
+            int[] order = RadixSort.sort(keys);
+            return order != null ? order : MergeSort.mergeSort(keys);
         }
 
         protected abstract float getKey(Vector3f object);