From 1534860a5eaa86aa929f4b5d9c113cc1d8c49612 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: seonghobae <8172694+seonghobae@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Aug 2026 01:46:33 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1/4] =?UTF-8?q?=E2=9A=A1=20Bolt:=20=ED=95=B8=EB=93=A4=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=83=9D=EC=84=B1=20=EC=8B=9C=20=EB=B0=B0=EC=97=B4=20=ED=95=A0?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EB=8B=B9=20=EC=98=A4=EB=B2=84=ED=97=A4=EB=93=9C=20=EB=B0=A9?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=A7=80?=
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---
 .jules/bolt.md                  |  4 ++++
 frontend/src/erd/handleUtils.ts | 16 ++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.jules/bolt.md b/.jules/bolt.md
index f1a8c1466..916ff9401 100644
--- a/.jules/bolt.md
+++ b/.jules/bolt.md
@@ -77,3 +77,7 @@ Optimized metric route processing to O(N) by creating a mapping of routes direct
 ## 2024-07-13 - [Optimize Export Dictionary FK lookups]
 **Learning:** Found O(N * C * E) performance bottleneck in ERD export dictionaries due to repeated array searching with `edges.some()` inside a nested loop over nodes and columns.
 **Action:** Replace repeated linear array scans for edges by precomputing O(1) Set lookups of foreign key column handles per node before looping.
+
+## 2026-08-25 - [Avoid Array.from intermediate allocations in React hot paths]
+**Learning:** Using `Array.from(string).join('-')` inside highly-invoked code paths like handle generation for ERD tables creates an intermediate array allocation for every column per node, causing significant garbage collection pressure during large graph renders.
+**Action:** Replace `Array.from` with a simple string concatenation inside a `for...of` loop for hot paths to prevent intermediate array allocations and reduce GC overhead.
diff --git a/frontend/src/erd/handleUtils.ts b/frontend/src/erd/handleUtils.ts
index 054d5ab2a..24094c345 100644
--- a/frontend/src/erd/handleUtils.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/erd/handleUtils.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,16 @@
 export function sanitizeHandleId(columnName: string): string {
-  const encoded = Array.from(columnName, (char) => {
-    // Array.from only yields non-empty Unicode scalars, so codePointAt(0) is defined.
-    return char.codePointAt(0)!.toString(16).padStart(4, '0')
-  }).join('-')
+  // ⚡ Bolt: Use a for...of loop instead of Array.from(columnName).join('-')
+  // to avoid allocating an intermediate array and reduce GC pressure for hot paths.
+  let encoded = ''
+  let isFirst = true
+  for (const char of columnName) {
+    if (!isFirst) {
+      encoded += '-'
+    }
+    // for...of over strings natively yields non-empty Unicode scalars, so codePointAt(0) is always defined.
+    encoded += char.codePointAt(0)!.toString(16).padStart(4, '0')
+    isFirst = false
+  }
 
   return `c-${encoded || 'empty'}`
 }

From a1dafc6e9bf88ab64b1b40a6437ef3074497a9b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: seonghobae <8172694+seonghobae@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Aug 2026 02:29:18 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 2/4] =?UTF-8?q?=E2=9A=A1=20Bolt:=20=ED=95=B8=EB=93=A4=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=83=9D=EC=84=B1=20=EC=8B=9C=20=EB=B0=B0=EC=97=B4=20=ED=95=A0?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EB=8B=B9=20=EC=98=A4=EB=B2=84=ED=97=A4=EB=93=9C=20=EB=B0=A9?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=A7=80?=
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit


From 6a6e9b1bedca3772184a7cbe30ee1aece45ddcbe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: seonghobae <8172694+seonghobae@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Aug 2026 03:34:52 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 3/4] =?UTF-8?q?=E2=9A=A1=20Bolt:=20=ED=95=B8=EB=93=A4=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=83=9D=EC=84=B1=20=EC=8B=9C=20=EB=B0=B0=EC=97=B4=20=ED=95=A0?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EB=8B=B9=20=EC=98=A4=EB=B2=84=ED=97=A4=EB=93=9C=20=EB=B0=A9?=
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From e3263f786d27829018ff3b317796a42d3c8ceab7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: seonghobae <8172694+seonghobae@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Aug 2026 04:17:18 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 4/4] =?UTF-8?q?=E2=9A=A1=20Bolt:=20=ED=95=B8=EB=93=A4=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=83=9D=EC=84=B1=20=EC=8B=9C=20=EB=B0=B0=EC=97=B4=20=ED=95=A0?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EB=8B=B9=20=EC=98=A4=EB=B2=84=ED=97=A4=EB=93=9C=20=EB=B0=A9?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=A7=80?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit