From 69c00ceb118655429bff0aa4e5514766d4471bd6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lamla Kamana <lamlakamana88@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 26 Sep 2026 07:49:39 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 01/24] fix key error in 0.js - duplicate str variable

---
 Sprint-3/1-key-errors/0.js | 11 +++++------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Sprint-3/1-key-errors/0.js b/Sprint-3/1-key-errors/0.js
index 653d6f5a0..1f3e15cd9 100644
--- a/Sprint-3/1-key-errors/0.js
+++ b/Sprint-3/1-key-errors/0.js
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 // Predict and explain first...
-//  =============> write your prediction here
+//I think this code will show a SyntaxError. The function has two variables named str in the same scope.
 
 // call the function capitalise with a string input
 // interpret the error message and figure out why an error is occurring
 
 function capitalise(str) {
-  let str = `${str[0].toUpperCase()}${str.slice(1)}`;
-  return str;
+  let result = `${str[0].toUpperCase()}${str.slice(1)}`;
+  return result;
 }
-
-// =============> write your explanation here
-// =============> write your new code here
+console.log(capitalise("hello"));
+// str is used both as the function parameter (function capitalise(str)) and again in let str = ...

From 01b0572e085d1c04825f7a199358dc2775d824ad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lamla Kamana <lamlakamana88@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 26 Sep 2026 08:12:34 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 02/24] fix key error in 1.js - duplicate decimalNumber
 variable and scope issue

---
 Sprint-3/1-key-errors/1.js | 13 +++++--------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Sprint-3/1-key-errors/1.js b/Sprint-3/1-key-errors/1.js
index f2d56151f..51e1c8ce1 100644
--- a/Sprint-3/1-key-errors/1.js
+++ b/Sprint-3/1-key-errors/1.js
@@ -1,20 +1,17 @@
 // Predict and explain first...
 
 // Why will an error occur when this program runs?
-// =============> write your prediction here
+// Predict and explain first...
+// I predict this will cause a SyntaxError because decimalNumber is declared twice in the same scope (once as a parameter, once with const). Even after fixing that, the console.log on line 15 would still fail because decimalNumber only exists inside the function.
 
+// Why will an error occur when this program runs?
 // Try playing computer with the example to work out what is going on
 
 function convertToPercentage(decimalNumber) {
-  const decimalNumber = 0.5;
   const percentage = `${decimalNumber * 100}%`;
-
   return percentage;
 }
 
-console.log(decimalNumber);
-
-// =============> write your explanation here
+console.log(convertToPercentage(0.5));
 
-// Finally, correct the code to fix the problem
-// =============> write your new code here
+// decimalNumber is declared twice in the same scope, once as the function's parameter, and again with const inside the function body. JavaScript doesn't allow redeclaring the same name in the same scope. Even after fixing that, console.log(decimalNumber) would fail too, because decimalNumber only exists inside the function.
\ No newline at end of file

From 468f39f9e8a2cf837c6f60462865688a42f86307 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lamla Kamana <lamlakamana88@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 2026 10:37:12 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 03/24] Fix 2.js: use a parameter name instead of a number

---
 Sprint-3/1-key-errors/2.js | 11 +++++++++--
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Sprint-3/1-key-errors/2.js b/Sprint-3/1-key-errors/2.js
index aad57f7cf..a29639d12 100644
--- a/Sprint-3/1-key-errors/2.js
+++ b/Sprint-3/1-key-errors/2.js
@@ -4,17 +4,24 @@
 // this function should square any number but instead we're going to get an error
 
 // =============> write your prediction of the error here
+// I predict a SyntaxError, because 3 is a number, not a parameter name.
+// Function parameters must be identifiers (variable names).
 
-function square(3) {
+function square(num) {
     return num * num;
 }
 
 // =============> write the error message here
+// SyntaxError: Unexpected number
 
 // =============> explain this error message here
+// The original code was function square(3) { ... }. A function definition
+// expects a parameter name inside the brackets, but I gave it the value 3.
+// JavaScript found a number where it expected a name, so it says
+// "Unexpected number".
 
 // Finally, correct the code to fix the problem
 
 // =============> write your new code here
-
+console.log(square(3));
 

From d207836fed3038af64bc982bda4857cef0bb82b7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lamla Kamana <lamlakamana88@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 2026 10:49:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 04/24] Fix 2-mandatory-debug/0.js: return the product instead
 of logging it

---
 Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/0.js | 11 ++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/0.js b/Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/0.js
index b27511b41..6897501bd 100644
--- a/Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/0.js
+++ b/Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/0.js
@@ -1,14 +1,23 @@
 // Predict and explain first...
 
 // =============> write your prediction here
+// I predict it will print 320 first (from the console.log inside multiply),
+// and then "The result of multiplying 10 and 32 is undefined", because
+// multiply does not return a value.
 
 function multiply(a, b) {
-  console.log(a * b);
+  return (a * b);
 }
 
 console.log(`The result of multiplying 10 and 32 is ${multiply(10, 32)}`);
 
 // =============> write your explanation here
+// multiply only logs a * b to the console. It has no return statement, so
+// multiply(10, 32) evaluates to undefined. The template string on line 12
+// puts that undefined into the sentence. The 320 appears on its own line
+// because console.log runs inside the function.
 
 // Finally, correct the code to fix the problem
 //  =============> write your new code here
+// I changed console.log(a * b) to return a * b inside multiply, so the
+// function hands the result back to the caller instead of only printing it.
\ No newline at end of file

From 8f610f3cc9b55d5d4dd3c5532da895c926423645 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lamla Kamana <lamlakamana88@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 2026 10:59:36 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 05/24] Fix 2-mandatory-debug/1.js: put return value on the
 same line

---
 Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/1.js | 10 ++++++++--
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/1.js b/Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/1.js
index 37cedfbcf..081d50362 100644
--- a/Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/1.js
+++ b/Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/1.js
@@ -1,13 +1,19 @@
 // Predict and explain first...
 //  =============> write your prediction here
+// I predict it will print "The sum of 10 and 32 is undefined", because
+// the function returns before it reaches a + b.
 
 function sum(a, b) {
-  return;
-  a + b;
+  return a + b;
 }
 
 console.log(`The sum of 10 and 32 is ${sum(10, 32)}`);
 
 // =============> write your explanation here
+// The return statement was on its own line with nothing after it, so the
+// function returned undefined straight away. JavaScript treats the line
+// break after return as the end of the statement, so a + b on the next
+// line was never reached.
 // Finally, correct the code to fix the problem
 //  =============> write your new code here
+// I moved a + b onto the same line as return: return a + b

From 69f740e8e9de872472e9f7c267b910ea92d27b5d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lamla Kamana <lamlakamana88@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 2026 11:07:52 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 06/24] Fix 2-mandatory-debug/2.js: add num parameter to
 getLastDigit

---
 Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/2.js | 13 +++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/2.js b/Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/2.js
index 57d3f5dc3..ae3b1277a 100644
--- a/Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/2.js
+++ b/Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/2.js
@@ -2,10 +2,12 @@
 
 // Predict the output of the following code:
 // =============> Write your prediction here
+// I predict every line will say the last digit is 3, because the function
+// ignores the number I pass in and always uses num = 103.
 
 const num = 103;
 
-function getLastDigit() {
+function getLastDigit(num) {
   return num.toString().slice(-1);
 }
 
@@ -15,10 +17,17 @@ console.log(`The last digit of 806 is ${getLastDigit(806)}`);
 
 // Now run the code and compare the output to your prediction
 // =============> write the output here
+// The last digit of 42 is 3
+// The last digit of 105 is 3
+// The last digit of 806 is 3
 // Explain why the output is the way it is
 // =============> write your explanation here
+// getLastDigit has no parameter, so the argument in getLastDigit(42) is
+// ignored. Inside the function, num refers to the global constant
+// num = 103, so it always returns "3".
 // Finally, correct the code to fix the problem
 // =============> write your new code here
-
+// I added num as a parameter: function getLastDigit(num). Now num is the
+// value I pass in, not the global num = 103.
 // This program should tell the user the last digit of each number.
 // Explain why getLastDigit is not working properly - correct the problem

From 01ee9fdfc5caf3878d677899cda90f683ef5b886 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lamla Kamana <lamlakamana88@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 2026 11:11:10 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 07/24] Implement calculateBMI in
 3-mandatory-implement/1-bmi.js

---
 Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/1-bmi.js | 13 +++----------
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/1-bmi.js b/Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/1-bmi.js
index 58b1085f1..4f44ec861 100644
--- a/Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/1-bmi.js
+++ b/Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/1-bmi.js
@@ -4,16 +4,9 @@
 
 // For example, if you weigh 70kg (around 11 stone) and are 1.73m (around 5 feet 8 inches) tall, you work out your BMI by:
 
-// squaring your height: 1.73 x 1.73 = 2.99
-// dividing 70 by 2.99 = 23.41
-// Your result will be displayed to 1 decimal place, for example '23.4'.
-
-// You will need to implement a function that calculates the BMI of someone based off their weight and height
-
-// Given someone's weight in kg and height in metres
-// Then when we call this function with the weight and height
-// It should return a string of their Body Mass Index to 1 decimal place
-
 function calculateBMI(weight, height) {
   // return the BMI of someone based off their weight and height
+  const bmi = weight / (height * height);
+  return bmi.toFixed(1);
 }
+console.log(calculateBMI(70, 1.73));
\ No newline at end of file

From a37a324faaf1868f2ba67edab1b63eccf818434b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lamla Kamana <lamlakamana88@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 2026 11:14:10 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 08/24] Implement toUpperSnakeCase in
 3-mandatory-implement/2-cases.js

---
 Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/2-cases.js | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/2-cases.js b/Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/2-cases.js
index 5b0ef77ad..f929fd050 100644
--- a/Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/2-cases.js
+++ b/Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/2-cases.js
@@ -14,3 +14,9 @@
 // You will need to come up with an appropriate name for the function
 // Use the MDN string documentation to help you find a solution
 // This might help https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/toUpperCase
+function toUpperSnakeCase(str) {
+  return str.toUpperCase().replaceAll(" ", "_");
+}
+
+console.log(toUpperSnakeCase("hello there"));
+console.log(toUpperSnakeCase("lord of the rings"));
\ No newline at end of file

From 80cb79800c03775ccedd2c93b9d3d8affffc8af5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lamla Kamana <lamlakamana88@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 2026 11:20:45 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 09/24] Implement toPounds in
 3-mandatory-implement/3-to-pounds.js

---
 Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/3-to-pounds.js | 25 ++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/3-to-pounds.js b/Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/3-to-pounds.js
index 10754da73..e97b31b25 100644
--- a/Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/3-to-pounds.js
+++ b/Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/3-to-pounds.js
@@ -1,6 +1,29 @@
-// In Sprint-1, there is a program written in 3-mandatory-interpret/3-to-pounds.js
+// In Sprint-2, there is a program written in 3-mandatory-interpret/3-to-pounds.js
 
 // You will need to take this code and turn it into a reusable block of code.
 // You will need to declare a function called toPounds with an appropriately named parameter.
 
 // You should call this function a number of times to check it works for different inputs
+function toPounds(penceString) {
+  const penceStringWithoutTrailingP = penceString.substring(
+    0,
+    penceString.length - 1
+  );
+
+  const paddedPenceNumberString = penceStringWithoutTrailingP.padStart(3, "0");
+  const pounds = paddedPenceNumberString.substring(
+    0,
+    paddedPenceNumberString.length - 2
+  );
+
+  const pence = paddedPenceNumberString
+    .substring(paddedPenceNumberString.length - 2)
+    .padEnd(2, "0");
+
+  return `£${pounds}.${pence}`;
+}
+
+console.log(toPounds("399p"));
+console.log(toPounds("5p"));
+console.log(toPounds("45p"));
+console.log(toPounds("1250p"));
\ No newline at end of file

From a4bab849935edad619256578d73814bc17984f42 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lamla Kamana <lamlakamana88@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 2026 11:32:22 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 10/24] Answer questions in
 4-mandatory-interpret/time-format.js

---
 Sprint-3/4-mandatory-interpret/time-format.js | 8 ++++++++
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Sprint-3/4-mandatory-interpret/time-format.js b/Sprint-3/4-mandatory-interpret/time-format.js
index c0dd9c9a5..86fccdf72 100644
--- a/Sprint-3/4-mandatory-interpret/time-format.js
+++ b/Sprint-3/4-mandatory-interpret/time-format.js
@@ -22,17 +22,25 @@ function formatTimeDisplay(seconds) {
 
 // a) When formatTimeDisplay is called how many times will pad be called?
 // =============> write your answer here
+// 3 times. The return line calls pad once each for hours, minutes and seconds.
 
 // Call formatTimeDisplay with an input of 61, now answer the following:
 
 // b) What is the value assigned to num when pad is called for the first time?
 // =============> write your answer here
+// 0. The first call is pad(totalHours), and totalHours is 0 for an input of 61.
 
 // c) What is the return value of pad when it is called for the first time?
 // =============> write your answer here
+// "00". num.toString() gives "0", which is shorter than 2 characters, so the
+// while loop adds one "0" to the front. pad always returns a string.
 
 // d) What is the value assigned to num when pad is called for the last time in this program?  Explain your answer
 // =============> write your answer here
+// 1. The last call is pad(remainingSeconds), and remainingSeconds is 61 % 60 = 1.
 
 // e) What is the return value of pad when it is called for the last time in this program?  Explain your answer
 // =============> write your answer here
+// "01". num.toString() gives "1", which is too short, so the loop adds a "0"
+// to the front.
+console.log(formatTimeDisplay(61));
\ No newline at end of file

From 552c37c3405fa4ab065f68ad21dfa36c2653e35a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lamla Kamana <lamlakamana88@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 2026 11:37:57 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 11/24] Add comprehensive edge case tests for 12-hour clock

---
 Sprint-3/5-stretch-extend/format-time.js | 35 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 35 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Sprint-3/5-stretch-extend/format-time.js b/Sprint-3/5-stretch-extend/format-time.js
index 32a32e66b..4f0f1fd78 100644
--- a/Sprint-3/5-stretch-extend/format-time.js
+++ b/Sprint-3/5-stretch-extend/format-time.js
@@ -23,3 +23,38 @@ console.assert(
   currentOutput2 === targetOutput2,
   `current output: ${currentOutput2}, target output: ${targetOutput2}`
 );
+// Test 3: Edge case for 12:00 (Noon)
+// The current function logic thinks 12 > 12 is false, so it returns "12:00 am". 
+// This is technically a bug in the provided function, but a good test case!
+const currentOutput3 = formatAs12HourClock("12:00");
+const targetOutput3 = "12:00 pm"; // Correct expectation
+console.assert(
+  currentOutput3 === targetOutput3,
+  `Noon Test Failed -> current output: ${currentOutput3}, target output: ${targetOutput3}`
+);
+
+// Test 4: Check for formatting bug (dropping minutes)
+// The current function returns `${hours - 12}:00 pm` which ignores the minutes.
+const currentOutput4 = formatAs12HourClock("13:45");
+const targetOutput4 = "01:45 pm"; 
+console.assert(
+  currentOutput4 === targetOutput4,
+  `Minute Formatting Failed -> current output: ${currentOutput4}, target output: ${targetOutput4}`
+);
+
+// Test 5: Test single digit hour formatting
+// Usually, 12-hour clocks are written as "01:00 pm", not "1:00 pm"
+const currentOutput5 = formatAs12HourClock("13:00");
+const targetOutput5 = "01:00 pm"; 
+console.assert(
+  currentOutput5 === targetOutput5,
+  `Hour Padding Failed -> current output: ${currentOutput5}, target output: ${targetOutput5}`
+);
+
+// Test 6: Midnight check
+const currentOutput6 = formatAs12HourClock("00:00");
+const targetOutput6 = "12:00 am";
+console.assert(
+  currentOutput6 === targetOutput6,
+  `Midnight Test Failed -> current output: ${currentOutput6}, target output: ${targetOutput6}`
+);
\ No newline at end of file

From 6bc1c9cb447b79196182cf14b2f82f6a1211bc03 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lamla Kamana <lamlakamana88@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Oct 2026 09:34:40 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 12/24] Answer question e and rename result variable

---
 Sprint-2/3-mandatory-interpret/2-time-format.js | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Sprint-2/3-mandatory-interpret/2-time-format.js b/Sprint-2/3-mandatory-interpret/2-time-format.js
index 47d239558..3477f7650 100644
--- a/Sprint-2/3-mandatory-interpret/2-time-format.js
+++ b/Sprint-2/3-mandatory-interpret/2-time-format.js
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ const totalMinutes = (movieLength - remainingSeconds) / 60;
 const remainingMinutes = totalMinutes % 60;
 const totalHours = (totalMinutes - remainingMinutes) / 60;
 
-const result = `${totalHours}:${remainingMinutes}:${remainingSeconds}`;
-console.log(result);
+const formattedMovieLength = `${totalHours}:${remainingMinutes}:${remainingSeconds}`;
+console.log(formattedMovieLength);
 
 // For the piece of code above, read the code and then answer the following questions
 

From b76934ab17f77320d859414f6a5bcb0b77778fd6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lamla Kamana <lamlakamana88@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Oct 2026 09:47:17 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 13/24] Revert "Answer question e and rename result variable"

This reverts commit 6bc1c9cb447b79196182cf14b2f82f6a1211bc03.
---
 Sprint-2/3-mandatory-interpret/2-time-format.js | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Sprint-2/3-mandatory-interpret/2-time-format.js b/Sprint-2/3-mandatory-interpret/2-time-format.js
index 3477f7650..47d239558 100644
--- a/Sprint-2/3-mandatory-interpret/2-time-format.js
+++ b/Sprint-2/3-mandatory-interpret/2-time-format.js
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ const totalMinutes = (movieLength - remainingSeconds) / 60;
 const remainingMinutes = totalMinutes % 60;
 const totalHours = (totalMinutes - remainingMinutes) / 60;
 
-const formattedMovieLength = `${totalHours}:${remainingMinutes}:${remainingSeconds}`;
-console.log(formattedMovieLength);
+const result = `${totalHours}:${remainingMinutes}:${remainingSeconds}`;
+console.log(result);
 
 // For the piece of code above, read the code and then answer the following questions
 

From 5cc752a5d395bb1ec76f6d5e65c9237964dd2259 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lamla Kamana <lamlakamana88@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Oct 2026 10:22:09 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 14/24] Add actual error output and deeper TDZ explanation

---
 Sprint-3/1-key-errors/0.js | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Sprint-3/1-key-errors/0.js b/Sprint-3/1-key-errors/0.js
index 1f3e15cd9..a0052f79f 100644
--- a/Sprint-3/1-key-errors/0.js
+++ b/Sprint-3/1-key-errors/0.js
@@ -1,12 +1,35 @@
 // Predict and explain first...
 //I think this code will show a SyntaxError. The function has two variables named str in the same scope.
+// ACTUAL ERROR (running the original code with `node 0.js`):
+// C:\Users\EarthHarvestAdmin\CYF2026 LAMLA KAMANA\Module-JavaScript-Fundamentals\Sprint-3\1-key-errors\0.js:8
+    let str = `${str[0].toUpperCase()}${str.slice(1)}`;
+        ^
 
+//SyntaxError: Identifier 'str' has already been declared
+
+// WHY IT IS ILLEGAL (DEEPER EXPLANATION):
+// 1. SCOPE COLLISION: The function parameter `str` and the variable `let str` 
+//    exist in the exact same function scope. In JavaScript, `let` and `const` 
+//    do NOT allow redeclaring an existing variable in the same scope.
+//
+// 2. TEMPORAL DEAD ZONE (TDZ): When the JavaScript engine parses this function, 
+//    it hoists the `let str` declaration to the top of the function scope. 
+//    However, unlike `var`, `let` variables remain in an uninitialized state 
+//    (the TDZ) until the exact line of declaration is executed.
+//
+// 3. FATAL PARSING ERROR: Because this is a SyntaxError (not a runtime error), 
+//    the JavaScript engine catches the illegal redeclaration during the 
+//    compilation/parsing phase, BEFORE any code executes. This is why the 
+//    `console.log` on line 12 never runs—the script never gets past the 
+//    parsing stage.
+//
+// FIX: use a different name for the new variable, e.g. `result`.
 // call the function capitalise with a string input
 // interpret the error message and figure out why an error is occurring
 
 function capitalise(str) {
-  let result = `${str[0].toUpperCase()}${str.slice(1)}`;
-  return result;
+    let str = `${str[0].toUpperCase()}${str.slice(1)}`;
+  return str;
 }
 console.log(capitalise("hello"));
 // str is used both as the function parameter (function capitalise(str)) and again in let str = ...

From d18dbb80a33e890013755cff57da618d4d6d4b25 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lamla Kamana <lamlakamana88@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Oct 2026 10:47:54 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 15/24] Fixed shadowing issue and added corrected code

---
 Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/2.js | 12 ++++++++----
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/2.js b/Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/2.js
index ae3b1277a..68fe9b924 100644
--- a/Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/2.js
+++ b/Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/2.js
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 // I predict every line will say the last digit is 3, because the function
 // ignores the number I pass in and always uses num = 103.
 
-const num = 103;
+
 
 function getLastDigit(num) {
   return num.toString().slice(-1);
@@ -22,12 +22,16 @@ console.log(`The last digit of 806 is ${getLastDigit(806)}`);
 // The last digit of 806 is 3
 // Explain why the output is the way it is
 // =============> write your explanation here
-// getLastDigit has no parameter, so the argument in getLastDigit(42) is
-// ignored. Inside the function, num refers to the global constant
-// num = 103, so it always returns "3".
+// This is called shadowing. Originally, getLastDigit had no parameter, so 
+// the argument (e.g., 42) was ignored. Inside the function, 'num' referred to 
+// the global constant 'num = 103', which is why it always returned "3".
 // Finally, correct the code to fix the problem
 // =============> write your new code here
 // I added num as a parameter: function getLastDigit(num). Now num is the
 // value I pass in, not the global num = 103.
 // This program should tell the user the last digit of each number.
 // Explain why getLastDigit is not working properly - correct the problem
+
+console.log(getLastDigit(42));
+console.log(getLastDigit(105));
+console.log(getLastDigit(806));
\ No newline at end of file

From 82cfcc6621fc69fdd62debfde1c87edeb45d598f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lamla Kamana <lamlakamana88@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Oct 2026 10:59:18 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 16/24] Updated BMI calculation to use exponentiation operator

---
 Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/1-bmi.js | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/1-bmi.js b/Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/1-bmi.js
index 4f44ec861..c81d7face 100644
--- a/Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/1-bmi.js
+++ b/Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/1-bmi.js
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 function calculateBMI(weight, height) {
   // return the BMI of someone based off their weight and height
-  const bmi = weight / (height * height);
+  const bmi = weight / (height ** 2);
   return bmi.toFixed(1);
 }
-console.log(calculateBMI(70, 1.73));
\ No newline at end of file
+console.log(calculateBMI(70, 1.73));

From 6736f52b6c9ca85869232515ea502b0210e2ba08 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lamla Kamana <lamlakamana88@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Oct 2026 11:05:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 17/24] Added blank line for readability

---
 Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/2-cases.js | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/2-cases.js b/Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/2-cases.js
index f929fd050..29f14102e 100644
--- a/Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/2-cases.js
+++ b/Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/2-cases.js
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 // You will need to come up with an appropriate name for the function
 // Use the MDN string documentation to help you find a solution
 // This might help https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/toUpperCase
+
 function toUpperSnakeCase(str) {
   return str.toUpperCase().replaceAll(" ", "_");
 }

From e2053ed7a90845111f75e8164646369ba8458482 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lamla Kamana <lamlakamana88@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Oct 2026 11:11:21 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 18/24] Removed redundant padEnd on pence calculation

---
 Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/3-to-pounds.js | 5 ++---
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/3-to-pounds.js b/Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/3-to-pounds.js
index e97b31b25..1e9169cea 100644
--- a/Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/3-to-pounds.js
+++ b/Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/3-to-pounds.js
@@ -16,9 +16,8 @@ function toPounds(penceString) {
     paddedPenceNumberString.length - 2
   );
 
-  const pence = paddedPenceNumberString
-    .substring(paddedPenceNumberString.length - 2)
-    .padEnd(2, "0");
+   const pence = paddedPenceNumberString
+    .substring(paddedPenceNumberString.length - 2);
 
   return `£${pounds}.${pence}`;
 }

From 908f25833f5bc69e3abb75b508d867666c9744ef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lamla Kamana <lamlakamana88@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Oct 2026 11:19:33 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 19/24] Added readability comment, blank line, and fixed header
 text

---
 Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/3-to-pounds.js | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/3-to-pounds.js b/Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/3-to-pounds.js
index 1e9169cea..02c02a0cf 100644
--- a/Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/3-to-pounds.js
+++ b/Sprint-3/3-mandatory-implement/3-to-pounds.js
@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
-// In Sprint-2, there is a program written in 3-mandatory-interpret/3-to-pounds.js
+// In Sprint-1, there is a program written in 3-mandatory-interpret/3-to-pounds.js
 
 // You will need to take this code and turn it into a reusable block of code.
 // You will need to declare a function called toPounds with an appropriately named parameter.
 
 // You should call this function a number of times to check it works for different inputs
+
 function toPounds(penceString) {
   const penceStringWithoutTrailingP = penceString.substring(
     0,
     penceString.length - 1
   );
-
+  // padStart ensures at least 3 digits (e.g., "5" becomes "005")
   const paddedPenceNumberString = penceStringWithoutTrailingP.padStart(3, "0");
   const pounds = paddedPenceNumberString.substring(
     0,

From c983ebdef046348a4c7175ddfe4dd30e340cf53e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lamla Kamana <lamlakamana88@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Oct 2026 11:31:43 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 20/24] Fixed time logic, added edge case tests, and labeled
 tests 1 and 2

---
 Sprint-3/5-stretch-extend/format-time.js | 48 +++++++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 42 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Sprint-3/5-stretch-extend/format-time.js b/Sprint-3/5-stretch-extend/format-time.js
index 4f0f1fd78..c753c48af 100644
--- a/Sprint-3/5-stretch-extend/format-time.js
+++ b/Sprint-3/5-stretch-extend/format-time.js
@@ -3,20 +3,33 @@
 // Your task is to write tests for as many different groups of input data or edge cases as you can, and fix any bugs you find.
 
 function formatAs12HourClock(time) {
-  const hours = Number(time.slice(0, 2));
-  if (hours > 12) {
-    return `${hours - 12}:00 pm`;
+  // Split "08:00" into hours "08" and minutes "00"
+  const [hourString, minutes] = time.split(":");
+  let hours = Number(hourString);
+
+  // Determine if it is AM or PM
+  const period = hours >= 12 ? "pm" : "am";
+
+  // Convert 24-hour format to 12-hour format
+  if (hours === 0) {
+    hours = 12; // Midnight (00:xx) becomes 12:xx am
+  } else if (hours > 12) {
+    hours = hours - 12; // Afternoon/evening (13:xx - 23:xx) becomes 1:xx - 11:xx pm
   }
-  return `${time} am`;
-}
 
+  // Pad the hours with a leading zero if needed (e.g., "8" becomes "08")
+  const paddedHours = hours.toString().padStart(2, "0");
+
+  return `${paddedHours}:${minutes} ${period}`;
+}
+// Test 1: Morning time
 const currentOutput = formatAs12HourClock("08:00");
 const targetOutput = "08:00 am";
 console.assert(
   currentOutput === targetOutput,
   `current output: ${currentOutput}, target output: ${targetOutput}`
 );
-
+// Test 2: Evening time
 const currentOutput2 = formatAs12HourClock("23:00");
 const targetOutput2 = "11:00 pm";
 console.assert(
@@ -57,4 +70,27 @@ const targetOutput6 = "12:00 am";
 console.assert(
   currentOutput6 === targetOutput6,
   `Midnight Test Failed -> current output: ${currentOutput6}, target output: ${targetOutput6}`
+);
+// Test 7: Noon edge case (12:30)
+const currentOutput7 = formatAs12HourClock("12:30");
+const targetOutput7 = "12:30 pm";
+console.assert(
+  currentOutput7 === targetOutput7,
+  `Noon Test Failed -> current: ${currentOutput7}, target: ${targetOutput7}`
+);
+
+// Test 8: Midnight edge case (00:30)
+const currentOutput8 = formatAs12HourClock("00:30");
+const targetOutput8 = "12:30 am";
+console.assert(
+  currentOutput8 === targetOutput8,
+  `Midnight Test Failed -> current: ${currentOutput8}, target: ${targetOutput8}`
+);
+
+// Test 9: Last minute of the day (23:59)
+const currentOutput9 = formatAs12HourClock("23:59");
+const targetOutput9 = "11:59 pm";
+console.assert(
+  currentOutput9 === targetOutput9,
+  `Late Night Test Failed -> current: ${currentOutput9}, target: ${targetOutput9}`
 );
\ No newline at end of file

From 87b77ed653a03193cc9405c993ad9b50a3af72fe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lamla Kamana <lamlakamana88@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Oct 2026 11:56:13 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 21/24] Cleaned up ASI explanation

---
 Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/1.js | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/1.js b/Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/1.js
index 081d50362..d7ce9750d 100644
--- a/Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/1.js
+++ b/Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/1.js
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ console.log(`The sum of 10 and 32 is ${sum(10, 32)}`);
 
 // =============> write your explanation here
 // The return statement was on its own line with nothing after it, so the
-// function returned undefined straight away. JavaScript treats the line
-// break after return as the end of the statement, so a + b on the next
-// line was never reached.
+// function returned undefined straight away. This is caused by automatic 
+// semicolon insertion (ASI), where JavaScript treats the line break after 
+// 'return' as the end of the statement, so 'a + b' was never reached.
 // Finally, correct the code to fix the problem
 //  =============> write your new code here
 // I moved a + b onto the same line as return: return a + b

From 4634977cfbd06f31e3c1e0161f2fe18945d87524 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lamla Kamana <lamlakamana88@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Oct 2026 12:01:11 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 22/24] Removed reference to specific line number in comment

---
 Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/0.js | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/0.js b/Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/0.js
index 6897501bd..7da94fb9c 100644
--- a/Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/0.js
+++ b/Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/0.js
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ console.log(`The result of multiplying 10 and 32 is ${multiply(10, 32)}`);
 
 // =============> write your explanation here
 // multiply only logs a * b to the console. It has no return statement, so
-// multiply(10, 32) evaluates to undefined. The template string on line 12
+// multiply(10, 32) evaluates to undefined. The template string in the console.log
 // puts that undefined into the sentence. The 320 appears on its own line
 // because console.log runs inside the function.
 

From 297d0636450a28f6268c619d3e8ce33b39dc2b69 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lamla Kamana <lamlakamana88@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Oct 2026 12:03:46 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 23/24] Removed extra parentheses and line number reference

---
 Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/0.js | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/0.js b/Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/0.js
index 7da94fb9c..e3e9acf7f 100644
--- a/Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/0.js
+++ b/Sprint-3/2-mandatory-debug/0.js
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 // multiply does not return a value.
 
 function multiply(a, b) {
-  return (a * b);
+  return a * b;
 }
 
 console.log(`The result of multiplying 10 and 32 is ${multiply(10, 32)}`);

From b2459ed2423a01b65c4790304897232fc3dce757 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lamla Kamana <lamlakamana88@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Oct 2026 12:20:39 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 24/24] Added actual error output to comments and restored
 working code

---
 Sprint-3/1-key-errors/1.js | 19 +++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Sprint-3/1-key-errors/1.js b/Sprint-3/1-key-errors/1.js
index 51e1c8ce1..a9b68445f 100644
--- a/Sprint-3/1-key-errors/1.js
+++ b/Sprint-3/1-key-errors/1.js
@@ -1,17 +1,24 @@
 // Predict and explain first...
 
 // Why will an error occur when this program runs?
-// Predict and explain first...
-// I predict this will cause a SyntaxError because decimalNumber is declared twice in the same scope (once as a parameter, once with const). Even after fixing that, the console.log on line 15 would still fail because decimalNumber only exists inside the function.
+// I predict this will cause a SyntaxError first (at parse time) because 
+// decimalNumber is declared twice in the same scope.
 
-// Why will an error occur when this program runs?
-// Try playing computer with the example to work out what is going on
+// Once the SyntaxError is fixed, a ReferenceError will appear at runtime.
+// This is because we would need to rename one of the variables so the 
+// function can actually use it.
 
 function convertToPercentage(decimalNumber) {
-  const percentage = `${decimalNumber * 100}%`;
+ const percentage = `${decimalNumber * 100}%`;
   return percentage;
 }
 
 console.log(convertToPercentage(0.5));
 
-// decimalNumber is declared twice in the same scope, once as the function's parameter, and again with const inside the function body. JavaScript doesn't allow redeclaring the same name in the same scope. Even after fixing that, console.log(decimalNumber) would fail too, because decimalNumber only exists inside the function.
\ No newline at end of file
+// decimalNumber is declared twice in the same scope, once as the function's parameter, and again with const inside the function body. JavaScript doesn't allow redeclaring the same name in the same scope. Even after fixing that, console.log(decimalNumber) would fail too, because decimalNumber only exists inside the function.
+//ACTUAL ERROR (SyntaxError):.
+// C:\Users\EarthHarvestAdmin\CYF2026 LAMLA KAMANA\Module-JavaScript-Fundamentals\Sprint-3\1-key-errors\1.js:12
+// const decimalNumber = `$ {decimalNumber * 100}%`;
+//  ^
+
+// SyntaxError: Identifier 'decimalNumber' has already been declared
\ No newline at end of file